Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Agenda
z
Design concepts
Page - 2
Selected Agenda, 1 of 4
z
Page - 3
Selected Agenda, 2 of 4
z
Page - 4
Selected Agenda, 3 of 4
z
Page - 5
Selected Agenda, 4 of 4
z
UPS (4)
Page - 6
Page - 7
All at 60 Hz
Page - 8
Circuit Breaker
(Over Current Protective Device)
Motor
Starter
Motor Contactor
Motor Overload
Cables & Conduits
M 100 Hp Motor
Page - 9
BASIC ELEMENTS
Page - 10
Page - 11
Page - 12
Page - 13
DESIGN CALCULATIONS
Page - 14
Three methods
Page - 15
Where, Phases = 3
Page - 16
And,
87.8 kVA
IFL = ----------------------------- = 105.6 A
Sq Rt (3) x 0.48 kV
Page - 17
Page - 18
Page - 19
Page - 20
Page - 21
Page - 22
Page - 23
Page - 24
Page - 25
Page - 26
Page - 27
Max Hp
10
25
50
100
200
400
600
Page - 28
Max Hp
10
25
40
75
For same motor Hp, IFL is higher for 208 V vs. 460 V;
thus, max Hp for 208 V is lower
Page - 29
Page - 30
Page - 31
Page - 32
Page - 33
Page - 34
Recall,
Page - 35
Page - 36
Page - 37
Page - 38
Page - 39
Page - 40
Page - 41
Page - 42
Page - 43
Page - 44
Page - 45
Page - 46
For all power circuits, use XHHW-2, 90C wet and dry
(cross-linked thermosetting polyethylene insulation)
Page - 47
Page - 48
Why?
Page - 49
Page - 50
Page - 51
Min
Max
Page - 52
Page - 53
Page - 54
Page - 55
Page - 56
In one conduit
Page - 57
Page - 58
Page - 59
Page - 60
Page - 61
Page - 62
Page - 63
Page - 64
Page - 65
PVC = Poly-Vinyl-Chloride
Page - 66
Page - 67
Page - 68
Consider previous example with the 100 Hp, 460 V, 3phase motor circuit
Page - 69
Page - 70
Page - 71
Page - 72
Page - 73
Page - 74
Page - 75
Page - 76
Page - 77
Page - 78
Page - 79
Page - 80
Page - 81
Page - 82
Page - 83
Page - 84
Page - 85
Page - 86
Page - 87
Page - 88
Page - 89
Page - 90
Page - 91
Page - 92
Page - 93
Page - 94
Page - 95
Page - 96
Recall,
Why 20 V difference?
Page - 97
Page - 98
Page - 99
Page - 100
Page - 101
Page - 102
Page - 103
Page - 104
Page - 105
Page - 106
Page - 107
Page - 108
Page - 109
Page - 110
Page - 111
Page - 112
Why?
Page - 113
Page - 114
Nominal
Page - 115
Page - 116
Page - 117
Page - 118
Page - 119
Page - 120
Page - 121
Conduit Above
Ground
Page - 122
Conduit From
Underground
Page - 123
Page - 124
Lower Ampacity,
24 m (80 ft)
Page - 125
Page - 126
Page - 127
Page - 128
Page - 129
Why?
Page - 130
Page - 131
Why?
Page - 132
Select 20 A breaker
Why?
Page - 133
Page - 134
Page - 135
Page - 136
Page - 137
Page - 138
Page - 139
Page - 140
Page - 141
FF < 40%, OK
Page - 142
Page - 143
FF < 40%, OK
Page - 144
Why?
Page - 145
Page - 146
Panelboard Design
Page - 147
Panelboard Design
Page - 148
Panelboard Design
Page - 149
Panelboard Design
Page - 150
1 of 3
2 of 3
3 of 3
Page - 151
View 1 of 3:
Page - 152
Page - 153
View 2 of 3:
Page - 154
Page - 155
View 3 of 3:
Page - 156
Page - 157
Page - 158
TVSS Design
z
Page - 159
Page - 160
TVSS Design
z
Page - 161
TVSS Design
z
Page - 162
Page - 163
Page - 164
Page - 165
10000 A
Short Circuit
4/0 AWG
(107.2 mm2)
Page - 168
Page - 169
Page - 170
Page - 171
Page - 172
Page - 173
Page - 174
Limitations of Redundancy
z
Page - 175
Limitations of Redundancy
z
Page - 176
Limitations of Redundancy
z
Page - 177
Page - 178
Page - 179
Page - 180
Page - 181
Page - 182
Hrs/Yr
Breakers, 480 V
0.0027
4.0
0.0108
Breakers, 12.47 kV
0.0036
2.1
0.0076
Cables, LV
0.00141
10.5
0.0148
Cables, HV
0.00613
19.0
0.1165
Cable Terms, LV
0.0001
3.8
0.0004
Cable Terms, HV
0.0003
25.0
0.0075
Page - 183
Hrs/Yr
Switches
0.0061
3.6
0.0220
Transformers
0.0030
130.0
0.3900
Switchgear Bus, LV
0.0024
24.0
0.0576
Switchgear Bus, HV
0.0102
26.8
0.2733
Relays
0.0002
5.0
0.0010
Standby Eng-Gens
0.1691
478.0
80.8298
Page - 184
Page - 185
Page - 186
Page - 187
From
Utility
To Loads
Page - 188
From ATS
First
Manhole
Alternate
Feeder
Between
MSB1 and
MSB2
Dual Primary
Selective
MSB1
Page - 189
MSB2
INDEX
1.6355
1.5583
1.6515
1.5801
Page - 190
Alternative 2
Page - 191
Alternative 2
Page - 192
POWER TRAIN
INDEX
1.0307
0.8567
Comparison to Existing:
z
1.6355
1.5583
Page - 193
Page - 194
Alternative 3
Page - 195
Alternative 3
Page - 196
POWER TRAIN
INDEX
0.7306
0.7165
Comparison to Existing:
Page - 197
1.6355
1.5583
Page - 198
Alternative 6
Page - 199
Alternative 6
Page - 200
POWER TRAIN
INDEX
Comparison to Existing:
Page - 201
0.8118
1.6355
1.5583
Page - 202
APP. COST
$860,000
$1,100,000
$1,160,000
Page - 203
APP. COST
$860,000
$1,100,000
$1,160,000
Page - 204
Rel. Index
Existing System
1.6355
1.0307
0.7306
0.8118
Page - 205
Reliability Calculations
Page - 206
Reliability Calculations
Page - 207
Reliability Calculations
Page - 208
Reliability Calculations
Page - 209
Reliability Calculations
Page - 210
Page - 211
Page - 212
Page - 213
Page - 214
Page - 215
Page - 216
Page - 217
Page - 218
Page - 219
Motors
Component
Energy Loss, FL (%)
Motors: 1 to 10 Hp
14.00 to 35.00
Motors: 10 to 200 Hp
6.00 to 12.00
Motors: 200 to 1500 Hp
4.00 to 7.00
Motors: 1500 Hp and up
2.30 to 4.50
Variable Speed Drives
6.00 to 15.00
Motor Control Centers
0.01 to 0.40
MV Starters
0.02 to 0.15
MV Switchgear
0.005 to 0.02
LV Switchgear
0.13 to 0.34
Reference: ANSI/IEEE Standard 141 (Red Book), Table 55
Page - 220
Motors
Page - 221
Or dictated by application
Page - 222
Page - 224
Page - 225
Page - 226
Page - 227
Page - 228
Page - 229
Page - 230
Page - 231
Page - 232
Page - 233
California Title 24
Page - 234
Lighting Design
z
Page - 235
Lighting Design
z
Factors:
Pole height
Pole spacing
Fixtures per pole
Fixture lamps type
Fixture wattage
Fixture light distribution pattern
Page - 236
Page - 237
Page - 238
Page - 239
Page - 240
Page - 241
Page - 242
Page - 243
Page - 244
Page - 245
Page - 246
Current
P hase A
P hase B
P hase C
100
75
50
25
0
-25
-50
-75
-100
0
Page - 247
10
20
30
40
50
60
Milliseconds
70
80
90
h p.u.2 x
h2
Page - 248
Page - 249
Page - 250
Page - 251
Page - 252
Line item for each major load, i.e., pump, fan, etc.
Page - 253
Pumps
Fans
Compressors
Valves
Lighting
Etc.
Page - 254
1 of 4
2 of 4
4 of 4
Page - 255
3 of 4
View 1 of 4:
Page - 256
Page - 257
View 2 of 4:
Page - 258
Off
On
Page - 259
View 3 of 4:
Page - 260
View 3 of 4:
1 Hp = 0.746 kW
kVA = kW/PF
kVA
Amps = ------------------------Sq Rt (3) x kV
Page - 261
Off
Off
On
On
Page - 262
View 4 of 4:
Page - 263
Page - 264
Page - 265
Page - 266
Page - 267
Page - 268
Very important
Page - 269
Page - 270
- Transformers
- Motors
Page - 271
Page - 272
Page - 273
Page - 274
Page - 275
Page - 276
Page - 277
Page - 278
Page - 279
Page - 280
Why?
Page - 281
Page - 282
Page - 283
Page - 284
Page - 285
Page - 286
Page - 287
Page - 288
FF < 40%, OK
Page - 289
Page - 290
FF < 40%, OK
Page - 291
Page - 292
Page - 293
Fused Switch
Page - 294
Transformer
Page - 295
Page - 296
Page - 297
Page - 298
Page - 299
Page - 300
Page - 301
Page - 302
Page - 303
Page - 304
Page - 305
Page - 306
Page - 307
Page - 308
12 kV x 1.25% = 15 kV
Page - 309
Page - 310
Page - 311
Page - 312
- Cu = copper conductor
Page - 313
Page - 314
Page - 315
Page - 316
Page - 317
Page - 318
Page - 319
Page - 320
No.
Page - 321
Page - 322
Page - 323
Page - 324
Page - 325
Page - 326
Page - 327
Page - 328
Page - 329
FF < 40%, OK
Page - 330
FF < 40%, OK
Page - 331
Page - 332
Page - 333
Page - 334
Page - 335
Page - 336
Page - 337
Page - 338
Page - 339
Page - 340
FF < 40%, OK
Page - 341
FF < 40%, OK
Page - 342
Page - 343
Page - 344
Page - 345
Page - 346
Page - 347
Page - 348
Page - 349
CAVEATS
z
Page - 350
Page - 351
Page - 352
Page - 353
Large Hp
Pump Station
Site Plan
for
WTP or WWTP
Page - 354
Page - 355
Page - 356
Page - 357
Page - 358
Page - 359
Page - 360
Page - 361
Page - 362
12.47 kV Source 2
12.47 kV Source 1
N.C.
T2
1500 kVA
12.47 kV-480 V
T1
1500 kVA
12.47 kV-480 V
Bus 1, 480 V
Bus 2, 480 V
N.C.
N.O.
750 kVA Load
Page - 363
12.47 kV Source 2
Lose 12.47 kV Source 1,
or T1 Failure,
or Prev. Maintenance
Trip
T2
1500 kVA
12.47 kV-480 V
Bus 1, 480 V
Bus 2, 480 V
N.C.
Close
750 kVA Load
Page - 364
12.47 kV Source 2
All Loads Restored
T2
1500 kVA
12.47 kV-480 V
Bus 1, 480 V
Bus 2, 480 V
N.C.
Close
750 kVA Load
Page - 365
Page - 366
Page - 367
12.47 kV Source 2
12.47 kV Source 1
N.C.
T1
1500 kVA
12.47 kV-480 V
T2
1500 kVA
12.47 kV-480 V
Bus 1, 480 V
Bus 2, 480 V
N.C.
N.O. N.O.
750 kVA Load
Page - 368
Page - 369
MV vs. LV Feeders
Page - 370
MV vs. LV Feeders
Page - 371
MV vs. LV Feeders
Page - 372
MV vs. LV Feeders
Page - 373
MV vs. LV Feeders
Page - 374
MV vs. LV Feeders
Page - 375
MV vs. LV Feeders
Page - 376
MV vs. LV Feeders
Page - 377
MV vs. LV Feeders
Page - 378
MV vs. LV Feeders
Conductor Size
MV-90 Amps
MV-105 Amps
2 AWG, 5 kV
145 A
155 A
2/0 AWG, 5 kV
220 A
235 A
4/0 AWG, 5 kV
290 A
310 A
500 kcmil, 5 kV
470 A
505 A
Page - 379
MV vs. LV Feeders
No. of Circuits
1
3
6
Ampacity
270 A
225 A
185 A
Page - 380
Transformer Sizing
z
Dry-type transformers
Page - 381
Page - 382
Page - 383
Dry-Type Transformer
Page - 384
Dry-Type Transformer
Page - 385
Transformer Sizing
z
Page - 386
Transformer Sizing
z
Page - 387
Transformer Sizing
z
OA = liquid-immersed, self-cooled
FA = forced-air-cooled
Page - 388
Transformer Sizing
z
Page - 389
Transformer Sizing
z
FA = forced-air-cooled
Page - 390
Transformer Losses
z
Page - 391
Transformer Losses
z
No-Load
Type
Dry-Type
4,700
Liquid (sub)
3,000
Liquid (pad)
2,880
Page - 392
Transformer Losses
z
Type
Dry-Type
Liquid (sub)
Liquid (pad)
100%
98.44
98.55
98.78
75%
98.65
98.80
98.97
50%
98.76
98.98
99.10
Page - 393
Transformer Losses
z
Page - 394
Transformer Losses
75%
52,510
46,700
N/A
50%
32,240
26,445
N/A
Page - 395
Transformer Losses
Transformer Overloading
z
Transformer Overloading
z
Duration
0.5 hrs
1.0 hrs
2.0 hrs
4.0 hrs
8.0 hrs
90%
1.80xRated
1.56xRated
1.38xRated
1.22xRated
1.11xRated
70%
2.00xRated
1.78xRated
1.54xRated
1.33xRated
1.17xRated
50%
2.00xRated
1.88xRated
1.62xRated
1.38xRated
1.20xRated
Page - 398
Transformer Overloading
z
Page - 399
Transformer Overloading
z
Page - 400
Transformer Overloading
z
Page - 401
Transformer Overloading
z
Maintenance/Reliability
Page - 402
12.47 kV Source 2
12.47 kV Source 1
N.C.
T2
1500 kVA
12.47 kV-480 V
T1
1500 kVA
12.47 kV-480 V
Bus 1, 480 V
Bus 2, 480 V
N.C.
N.O.
750 kVA Load
Page - 403
12.47 kV Source 2
Lose 12.47 kV Source 1,
or T1 Failure,
or Prev. Maintenance
Trip
T2
1500 kVA
12.47 kV-480 V
Bus 1, 480 V
Bus 2, 480 V
N.C.
Close
750 kVA Load
Page - 404
12.47 kV Source 2
All Loads Restored
T2
1500 kVA
12.47 kV-480 V
Bus 1, 480 V
Bus 2, 480 V
N.C.
Close
750 kVA Load
Page - 405
Page - 406
Emergency/Standby Engine-Generators
Page - 407
Emergency/Standby Engine-Generators
Page - 408
Emergency/Standby Engine-Generators
Page - 409
Page - 410
Page - 411
Page - 412
Page - 413
Page - 414
Page - 415
Page - 416
Page - 417
Page - 418
Page - 419
Page - 420
Page - 421
Page - 422
Switchgear Auxiliaries
Page - 423
Switchgear Auxiliaries
Key Components:
Charging springs
Relays
Page - 424
Page - 425
Page - 426
Page - 427
Page - 428
120 VAC
Page - 429
Page - 430
Page - 431
Page - 432
There is no conversion to AC
Page - 433
Switchgear Relays
Page - 434
Page - 435
Page - 436
Page - 437
Page - 438
Page - 439
Questions .?
Page - 440