International Journal of Environmental Technologies

April 2015, Vol-01, Issue-02, pp.:1-8

Carthage Science Publishing
www.cs-publishing.com

An Innovative Prevention System For Fireworks

Raw Material Through Modernized Sensor
Technique
R. Lenin Raja (IEEE Member)1, P. Mariselvam2 and U. Manimegala3,
1,2

Sri Vidya College of Engineering & Technology, Virudhunagar, Tamilnadu, India

3
Sethu Institute of Technology, Virudhunagar, Tamilnadu, India

leninaucbe@gmail.com 1 , mselvam1245@gmail.com 2, manimegalau@gmail.com 3

Abstract The Surveillance and the recent research on Fire work

accidents are only deals with the manual preventions, awareness
and how to avoid the accidents during the manufacturing process
of safety matches and fire crackers. Explosive accidents occur
frequently, resulting in heavy losses of human lives, injuries to
workers, and of losses materials and money. But these people not
yet try to any kind of preventions sensors or any engineering
appliances. The main cause of Fire accidents (90% accidents) are
from GUN POWDER, In this Gunpowder not only explosives at
the period of higher temperature (near to 35-45) which also
destroyed the entire things below the mentioned temperature. So
in this long surveillance deals and proposed that the temperature
and smoke alarm sensor are supported to the workers and
prevent from heavier damages. The Chemical reactions also the
main factor to create the fire explosions, our recent survey and
the recent accidents from our district describes that, wide range
of accidents are caused from chemical misbalance. So we also
proposed the proper chemical balancing, indications on
misbalance of raw materials through recent engineering
technique and avoid, save our own people from these kinds of
accidents.

Index TermsGunpowder, Sensors, Chemical misbalance,

Firework accidents. Manual preventions.

I.

INTRODUCTION

A. Causes for Fireworks Accident

HE RESULT of our analysis shows that most accidents

were caused by too much Gun powder put in at one time
and accidents resulting from carelessness while making
fireworks. Unsafe acts and unsafe condition are main reason
for these accidents. Here some human errors also lead with the
accident of the fireworks as follows, humans are candling the
chemicals improperly so create a fraction between the
chemical so accidents will be occur in the fireworks chemical
rooms. Fireworks room will not properly used rubber mat in
floors. Most of the working people are ungraduated and they
did not known the chemical reactions and disposing operations
so they leave the unused chemicals in without proper

disposals. Fire workers used instead of using brass rod, iron

rod. Without cleaning the sand materials in the fireworks and
them entering the work sheet. Some humans throwing
cigarette bug [1].
Drag the chemicals and materials improperly of heavy
pressure, so easily burn and heavy loss will on occur. Unclean
the rooms if spilled chemicals are in the ground, and the
People are used carry box so automatically easily burn in
fireworks. Now they used cell phones will use some place in
the fireworks. It create some disturbance in the working place
so working will stopped but chemical reaction continuous so
accident will occur on the fireworks.
Middle level people used chapels with iron rod in the
fireworks iron will react the chemical operation and it boost
the chemical functions. Another important operation is filling.
During the filling operation overloaded chemicals in
improperly it will create heavy loss. Some of the days people
will working with large quantity chemicals this chemical will
be easily react and create the firework accidents. Normally
without training people will work on the fireworks they do not
known how it used and how it react and how it burn.
Normally cracker city will very hot and try condition city it
very useful to fast reaction in the fireworks raw material and
produce heavy loss. People will on working with sweating
conditions. Uneducated people mostly working with the
fireworks they did not known handling the decomposed
chemical functions .A Huge chemicals will work on the same
time, so heat will be easily established. Some working places
will be open places so easily burn [1].
B. Other Prevention technique to follow in Fireworks
Industries Today
We analyzed the most number of surveillance and recent
research papers in the fireworks accidents only deals with the
manual preventions and create a awareness to the working
peoples and how to avoid the reactions and accidents during
manufacturing process of safety matches and fireworks.
Explosive accidents occur frequently, resulting heavy losses of
human lives, injuries to workers and losses money and
materials, but these people not yet to any kind of prevention

R. Lenin Raja et al., IJETech, 2015, Vol(1)-Issue(2)

technique using sensors and engineering applications. The

main cause of this type of accidents (90% accidents) are from
Gunpowder, in this Gunpowder not only explosives at the
period of higher temperature (near 35 c -45 c) which also
destroyed the entire things below the mentioned temperature.
So in this long surveillance deals and proposed that the
temperature sensor, humidity sensor, Soil moisture sensor,
Hydrogen sensor, Nitrogen sensor, Sulphur sensor, Flame
detecting sensor and smoke alarm sensor are supported to the
workers and prevent from heavier damages.
The Chemical reactions also the main factor to create the
fire explosence, our proposal describe that, wide range of
accidents are caused from chemical misbalance. So we also
proposed the proper chemical balancing.

platform of wireless sensors and actuators based on embedded

controller. To proof the concept a fireworks detonation system
utilizing MOSFETs to switch high current bursts has been
developed to control function [6].
III. ACCIDENTS IN FIREWORKS

II. RELATED WORKS

Fig.1. Fireworks accident

N. Rajathilagam, N. Rajathilagam , A. Azhagurajan et al.,

had proposed fireworks industries are mostly prone to fire and
explosion. The result of the analysis shows that most accidents
were caused by too much gunpowder put in at one time and
accidents resulting from carelessness while making fireworks
[1] .S.C. Mukhopadhyay, G. Sen Gupta, E.A. Sheppard et al.,
had analyzed a wireless fireworks detonation system utilizing
MOSFETs to switch high current [2]. T. Sekar, S.N.
Ramasamy, NVN. Nampoothiri et al., has was observed that,
by providing RCC vertical bands at door jambs, the resistance
of brick masonry against accidental overloading can be
improved considerably so that progressive collapse of the
entire structure can be avoided [3]. K.Sivakumar., S.R Balan,
R.Rajkumar, G.Pandimurugan et al., had proposed that
preventing the firework accidents before it happens and
minimizing its effects if it occurs. The functions of the
(PIC16F877A) microcontroller are detecting the devices
causing explosion where explosive chemicals are placed
,indicating the improper functioning of the protective devices
using LCD display and alarms thus explosion is prevented,
unfortunately if accident happened due to some un avoidable
reasons it receives signals from the sensors and it controls the
fire by operating the fire extinguishers automatically using
solenoid valves and also it sends the information to the
ambulance, fire service, hospitals, etc. in the form of text
using GSM module ,thus people lives saved [4]. Shaoqiu
Zheng, Andreas Janecek, Junzhi Li and Ying Tan et al., had
proposed that an improved version of the recently developed
Enhanced Fireworks Algorithm (EFWA) based on an adaptive
dynamic local search mechanism [5]. Mukhopadhyay S.C.,
Massey Univ., Palmerston North, Sen Gupta, G. Huang,
R.Y.M. et al., had proposed this paper presents a combined

A series of fire accidents in Virudhunagar district, the

fireworks capital of the country, left 185 dead and 215 injured
in 84 incidents in the last five years. A case registered in
connection with the death of 11 people and injuries to 10
others, in an accident at Sri Rajkanna Fireworks in
Thyagarajapuram on January 21, 2011.Similarly this related to
accidents at PRC Fireworks, namaskarithanpatti on June 16,
2010 and V. Meenachi puram garden on August 10, 2010
leading to the death of eight people in each of the two
accidents.
300
200
100
0

Total
Male
Female

Fig.2. Flow chart-1 Accident victims based on the age& sex

TABLE I
ACCIDENT VICTIMS BASED ON THE PROCESS

Process
Filling
Drying
Roll cap manufacturing
Fuse cutting
Waste burning
Packing
Weighing of chemicals
Carrying chemicals
Mixing
Fuse fixing
Fancy
Lighting
Testing of samples

Nos.
45
7
29
9
11
11
4
15
12
7
39
13
14

R. Lenin Raja et al., IJETech, 2015, Vol(1)-Issue(2)

Total
216
On other hand, five lives were lost in the fire accident at
Srineevas Amorces Industries on December 28, 2011 and the
namaskarithanpatti fire accident, at Sri Krishna fireworks, on
July 20, 2009.The 2012 Sivakasi factory explosion was an
explosion at the Om Sakthi Fireworks Industries fireworks
factory in Sivakasi, India on 5 September 2012. 40 people
were killed and more than 70 injured. Three workers were
killed in the mishap at Anil Fireworks in KeezhaTiruthangal
village on July 28 and one died in the accident at Classic
Fireworks in Meenampatti on August 3. All three were
licensed units. Accidents at two units in the unlicensed sector,
at Vetrilaiyooranai and Viswanatham, in July snuffed out two
more lives R. Arumugasamy of Konampatti village is one of
the survivors of a fireworks accident that took 12 lives in
Anuppankulam in July 2005.Two persons were killed and over
five sustained injuries in an explosion at an illicit fireworks
warehouse at Kariseri near here on Wednesday. The explosion
took place at the go down belonging to Ramar Fireworks Unit,
where fire broke out around noon. About 20 workers were
engaged in mixing chemicals for preparing crackers when the
accident occurred. Immediately, the fire spread to the crackers
and aluminum powder stocked at the go down and led to a
huge blast. Three people have died in an explosion in a
cracker factory near Sivakasi in Tamil Nadu. Five more have
been injured. One person was killed and five others injured
when a cracker manufacturing unit was gutted in fire in Tamil
Nadu's Virudhunagar district on Jan 23, 2013.The fire broke
out when the workers were making flower pots in one of the
sheds of the unit at Sengamalapatti, when it caught fire and
exploded. Friction while packing of chemicals led to the fire,
officials said, adding that injured were rushed to a hospital.
This is a third accident in fireworks units in the state. Three
men were killed when a blast took place in a fireworks factory
at Sindapalli village in Virudhunagar, the country's fireworks
manufacturing hub .In another incident, a 42-year-old worker
was killed in a blast at a firework unit near Alangudi in
Pudukottai dist. Two persons were killed and 29 injured in
Munna fireworks factory in vendrayapuram.

Fig.3. Fireworks accidents in Virudhunagar district

The victims were workers of the unit at Narayanapuram

village, four kms away from Sivakasi on April 28, 2013. The
explosion apparently occurred due to friction among the
chemicals. Three persons were charred to death and an equal
number suffered burns on Friday in a fire mishap at an illegal
cottage fireworks unit, barely three weeks after a devastating
blaze in a cracker unit claimed 39 lives. The mishap occurred
at a cracker manufacturing unit in Vijayakarisalkulam near
Sivakasi on Sep 28, 2012.Police said crackers were being
made in a house without permission official sources Said The
authorities have intensified checking of fireworks units for
strict adherence to the government norms and guidelines
following the September 5 fire. As per rules, even storing
chemicals used for manufacturing crackers was not allowed
inside any house. Three persons were killed and 13 seriously
injured in a blaze that swept through a private fireworks
factory after an accidental explosion at Singampatti on May
15, 2013.
IV. PREVENTION TECHNIQUES-TODAY
A. Some manual prevention system also followed
fireworks as follows

the

(i) Separate places for different types of chemical mixture

for the process of mixing and filling.
(ii) Name boards for each process to be displayed.
(iii) Utensils used for one type of mixture should not be used
for other type of mixture
(iv) Floor should be covered with electrically conducted
rubber mat.
(v) Wooden knob and brass cylinder should only use for
making stars (color balls).
(vi) Display safety posture (for uneducated workers).

R. Lenin Raja et al., IJETech, 2015, Vol(1)-Issue(2)

(vii) Wooden hammer should be used for ramming chemicals

into the tube of rockets.

C. Monitoring methods to avoid fireworks accidents

We analyzed some reference article is refer to Wireless
sensor network has a very wide range applications, and
multipoint detection function. It detects the temperature and
humidity in real time in these areas is a very important issue.
Only collect the temperature and humidity range in real time
under the working of temperature and humidity collection
model by sensor nodes in hot zones of the warehouse and
upload the value to control center to warning system.
Fireworks system can be utilizing MOSFETs to switching
high current burst system. It simple scripting more
choreography, includes music and 3D graphical simulation
system to detecting function. Also PIC controller and GSM
module proposed in monitoring and detecting function.
The following system sensor network deeply describes the
entire block on the system and its construction.

B. First Prevention Technique

We are proposed in first prevention technique using
modernized sensor networks and some automatic systems.
Some sensors are used to analyzed and monitoring in real time
operation to prevent the fireworks accidents.
we are propose in this system indications on misbalance of
raw materials through recent engineering technique and avoid,
save our own people from these kind of accident .some
research paper proposed wireless sensor detecting function to
detect this type of accidents. MOSFET and ANSY software
also used in the detecting technique.PIC controller and GSM
module used to detect and control these kinds of accidents.

Fig. 3. Block diagram of proposed system

A. Analyzing Block

V. PROPOSED MODERNIZED TECHNIQUE

In this block is used to analyze this proposed system, by

using various types of sensors (such as Temperature,
Humidity, Hydrogen, NO2 and Moisture sensors, carbon
monoxide) with the help of these parameters are used to
analyze Temperature, Humidity, Moisture and nitrate in form
of gas, and Soil moisture.

The construction of our system is classified in to following

Blocks
Analyzing Block
Monitoring Block
Controlling Block
Feeding block

R. Lenin Raja et al., IJETech, 2015, Vol(1)-Issue(2)

B. Monitoring Block

C. Sulfur sensor

This block contains LCDs and PCs. These are used to

monitor Sand tank, Microcontroller output and chemical
Equalizer.

Sulfur sensor is used to sense the sulfur reaction in the very

important accident product that is the Gunpowder. It analyze
the KNO3+S operation. It is important operation to prevent
the fireworks accident and control the Gunpowder operation to
analyze the sulfur content.

C. Controlling Block
In this system is used to control the design our proposed
system. From above mention blocks are support to analyses
the sensors aspects and monitoring the system function.
Temperature sensor used to analyze the temperature and to
monitor the display output. Chemical sensors are used to
analyze the how much amount of chemical balancing function.
Humidity sensor is used to control sand tank.

D. Humidity sensor
Humidity sensors analyze the humidity range in the Air..As
a principle, upon absorption of water vapor its molecules are
dissociated to ionic functional hydroxyl this groups and this
results an increase of film electrical conductance. During
moreover, the response times of resistive sensors mostly range
from 10 to 30 s for a 63% chance of the Humidity level.

D. Feeding Block
E. Nitrogen sensor

In our system the feeding blocks are chemical equalizer unit

and Sand tank for prevent the major accidents from Gun
Powder.

Nitrogen sensor is used to analyze the nitrogen gas.

F. Soil moisture sensor
Soil moisture is an important component in the atmospheric
water cycle, both on a small agricultural scale and in largescale modeling of land/atmosphere interaction. In this field
Soil moisture determinations measure either the soil water
content or the soil water potential.

VI. DESIGN OF PREVENTION TECHNIQUE

A. Temperature sensor
The LM35 series are precision integrated circuit
temperature sensors, whose output voltage is linearly
proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature. As it
draws only 60A from its supply, it has very low self-heating,
less than 0.1C in still air. The LM35 is rated to operate over a
55 to +150C temperature range, while the LM35C is rated
for a 40 to +110C range (10 with improved accuracy).
More fireworks accident occurs between the particular
temperature ranges (30c-45c). So we mention temperature
will be increase or decrease temperature sensor will perform
the operation and open alarm.

G. Flame detecting sensor

Flame detector is used to sense the fire that characteristic of
a flame most useful for its detection is the electromagnetic
radiation produced by it. Is the spark from an electric igniter,
which radiates very strongly in the ultraviolet and must be
shielded from the sensors view.
H. Arduino Uno microcontroller

B. Hydrogen sensor

It consists of 6 analog inputs A0-A5.Output of all the

sensors connected to that inputs then the LCD also with in it.
Also we used the Arduino Uno software underperform the
normal c coding to implement our proposed system.

Hydrogen sensor is used analyze the chemical reactions.

More number of chemical functions generates the hydrogen
gas. Partially 50% aluminum flake+50% HNO3 react with the
water very high and absorbed the heat energy. This reaction is
present in basic condition and produce Hydrogen gas in high
pressure. This reaction will be continues and produce high
pressure and damage the metal function. Aluminum chloride
react with per chloride with Moisture to produce the H2 gas in
acid conditions, It produce high burning gas. Above reaction
will be heavily damage the fireworks and important part of the
fireworks accident. So our using hydrogen sensor analyzes this
type chemical reaction. Hydrogen sensors analyze the
hydrogen gas and chemical reaction. At particular range
hydrogen sensor will be open the alarm.

I. Relay
If the moisture & temperature sensed value is below the
threshold value programmed, the relay will turn ON the Alarm
or Sand tank.
J. Sand Tank
The sand tank make a important role in this block, because
the sand tank only to quenches GUN POWDER reactions on
the cracker manufacturing arena, so we introduce the sand
tank for eliminate the chemical reactions over the Gun Powder
and cracker, matches manufacturing raw materials.

R. Lenin Raja et al., IJETech, 2015, Vol(1)-Issue(2)

K. Chemical Equalizer
VII. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Our proposed system using more number of the chemicals.
Chemical equalizer used equalizes our chemical materials .All
Chemical materials will be balancing conditions maintain in
the chemical equalizer operation. It is the important function
under our proposed system. More number of firework
accidents will be occurring on this kind of chemical
misbalancing function. So our proposed system proposed
chemical equalizer to equalize and balance the chemical
operations.

The Various sensors such as Soil moisture, Humidity,

Temperature, and Carbon monoxide sensors used to sense the
soil moisture between humidity and temperature consent value
in the soil. The alarm will On when the sensor reaches the
desired level Moisture temperature. Carbon monoxide, smoke
range will send to Arduino board and range will be display on
the LCD. The following snapshots are taken from the field.

Fig.4. Analysis of Measure the Temperature Range,Humidity Range and Soilmoisture Range Display on LCD

Fig.5. Analysis of Proposed System and to Measure Carbon Monooxide Rance Display on the LCD

R. Lenin Raja et al., IJETech, 2015, Vol(1)-Issue(2)

Fig.6. Analysis of Proposed System

VIII. CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

In this proposed system achieved and saved to our own

people to save this kind of unexpected Fireworks accidents.
These proposed system with help to prevent the fireworks
accidents. In this system we analyzed number chemicals and
GUNPOWDER. So we can utilize this system save for
domestic people. Firework is a cottage industry. So many
ignorant and illiterate people are working in it. Though,
awareness programs are conducted by the government.
Accidents are happening because of their carelessness and
their ignorant nature. Workers are usually not following the
rules formed by the government.
In this research we have provided a LCD Display and
Computer monitoring display to monitor them and so human
errors are eliminated. Sensors eliminate the natural causes for
accidents. Though, the accidents are not completely
eliminated. Our proposed system will help a little to minimize
it.
The main source of income for these rural people is from
the fireworks factories, they are working in a dangerous
environment. Through our research we believe it can be
minimized to a certain extent. Thus we ensure safety for the
firework factory workers.

The authors would like to thank the anonymous

reviewers that made several constructive suggestions that
helped us improve this manuscript. The authors are grateful
to Mr. N. Balaji, Mr. D. Gokulakannan, Mr. M. Malaiarasu
(UG Scholars) for their support and setting up these
measurement benches.
REFERENCES
[1]. N.Rajathilagam, N.Rajathilagam, A.Azhagurajan, Accident
analysis in fireworks industries for the past decade in sivakasi
International Journal of Research in Social Sciences ISSN: 22492496.
[2]. S.C. Mukhopadhyay, G. Sen. Gupta, E.A. Sheppard Wireless
Remote Controlled Solid-State Fireworks Detonation System. I2MTC
2008 - IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement
Technology Conference.
[3]. P.Sivakumar. S.R.Balan, R.Rajkumar, G.Pandimurugan,
Fireworks Safety Using PIC Controller and GSM Module, Journal of
Selected Areas in Microelectronics (JSAM) Singaporean Journal of
Scientific Research (SJSR) Vol 6.No.2 2014 Pp. 95-99
[4]. Wei Qu ,Hailin ,Bingyang Shang Detecting and warning system
for fireworks warehouse based on Wireless Sensor Networks 978-14673-5534-6/13/$31.00_c 2013 IEEE

IX. FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

In future we implement in this system on commercialized
purpose would be the long-term objective of this research that
is to develop a control over static charges causing accidents
and using the Hyper Spectral Sensor to analyzes the chemical
properties accurately.

[5]. S.N.Ramaswamy,A.M.Arunmohan Static and Dynamic analysis

of fireworks industrial buildings under impulsive loading, IJREAT

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[9]. T. Sekar, S.N. Ramaswamy, and NVN. Nampoothiristudies on

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[6]. Dhruv Katoria1, Dhruv Mehta, DhruvSehgal and Sameer Kumar

A Review of Risks to Workers Associated with Fireworks Industry,
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[11]. ShaoqiuZheng, Andreas Janecek, Junzhi Li and Ying Tan

Dynamic Search in Fireworks Algorithm, IEEE Congress on
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Manimegala (F90) received her B.E

degree
in
Electronics
and
Communication Engineering from
Syed Ammal Engineering College,
Ramanathapuram, Tamilnadu, India.
She received her M.E (VLSI Design)
from Sethu Institute of Technology,
Kariyapatti, Virudhunagar Dist.,
Tamil Nadu, India. At Present she working as an
Assistant Professor in the Department of Electronics
and Communication at Sethu Institute of Technology,
Kariyapatti, Virudhunagar, Tamilnadu,

Lenin raja (M85) become a

Member IEEE received his B.E
degree
in
Electronics
and
Communication Engineering from
Anna University Coimbatore,
Tamil Nadu in 2010. He recived
his M.E (VLSI Design) from Sethu
Institute of Technology, Kariyapatti, Virudhunagar
Dist.,Tamil Nadu, India in 2013. He also received his
Electrical Diploma from K.L.N.M Polytechnic
College, Madurai, India in the year 2006. Currently
he is pursuing his PhD [Analog VLSI] in Anna
University Chennai, India.
At Present he is working as an Assistant Professor/
Research Associate at Sri Vidya College of
Engineering
and Technology, Virudhunagar,
Tamilnadu, India. He is Associate Member of IRED
(USA), Member of Institute of Engineers [India]. He
published more than 25 International Journals,
Conferences and Articles, and Editorial Board
Member for Various International Journals. His
research interests include VLSI signal processing,
architecture design, and VLSI Implementation of
digital, Mixed Signals.

Mariselvam (M 93) pursuing his

B.E degree in Electronics and
Communication Engineering from
Sri Vidya College Of Engineering
and technology, Virudhunagar,
Tamilnadu, India.