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Licensed Copy: SHU Athens, Sheffield Hallam University, 23/11/2007 09:08, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
BRITISH STANDARD
BS EN
12697-34:2004
Incorporating
amendment no. 1
Bituminous mixtures
Test methods for hot
mix asphalt
Part 34: Marshall test
The European Standard EN 12697-34:2004, incorporating amendment

A1:2007, has the status of a British Standard
ICS 93.080.20
BS EN 12697-34:2004
National foreword
This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 12697-34:2004,
incorporating amendment A1:2007.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee
B/510, Road materials, to Subcommittee B/510/1, Coated macadam and hot
asphalt.
A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on
request to its secretary.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from
legal obligations.
This British Standard was

published under the authority
of the Standards Policy and
Strategy Committee on
7 July 2004
BSI 2007
ISBN 978 0 580 59824 1
Amendments issued since publication

Amd. No.
Date
Comments
17288
31 August 2007
Implementation of CEN amendment

A1:2007.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 12697-34:2004+A1
NORME EUROPENNE
EUROPISCHE NORM
July 2007
ICS 93.080.20
Supersedes EN 12697-34:2004
English Version
Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part

34: Marshall test
Mlanges bitumineux - Mthodes d'essai pour mlange
hydrocarbon chaud - Partie 34: Essai Marshall
Asphalt - Prfverfahren fr Heiasphalt - Teil 34: MarshallPrfung
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 April 2004 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 16 May 2007.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
2007 CEN
All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved

worldwide for CEN national Members.
B-1050 Brussels
Ref. No. EN 12697-34:2004+A1:2007: E
EN 12697-34:2004+A1:2007 (E)
Contents
page
Foreword..............................................................................................................................................................3
1
Scope ......................................................................................................................................................6
Normative references ............................................................................................................................6
Terms and definitions ...........................................................................................................................6
Principle..................................................................................................................................................7
Apparatus ...............................................................................................................................................7
Procedure ...............................................................................................................................................7
Expression of results ............................................................................................................................8
Test report ..............................................................................................................................................9
Precision .................................................................................................................................................9
Annex A (normative) Marshall quotient .........................................................................................................10

Annex B (normative) Testing head.................................................................................................................11
Bibliography ......................................................................................................................................................13
EN 12697-34:2004+A1:2007 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN 12697-34:2004+A1:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 227
Road materials, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2008 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by January 2008.
This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2007-05-16.
This document supersedes EN 12697-34:2004.
The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! ".
This European Standard is one of a series of standards as listed below:
EN 12697-1, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 1: Soluble binder content
EN 12697-2, Bituminous mixtures Test method for hot mix asphalt Part 2: Determination of particle size
distribution
EN 12697-3, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 3: Bitumen recovery: Rotary
evaporator
EN 12697-4, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 4: Bitumen recovery:
Fractionating column
EN 12697-5, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 5: Determination of the
maximum density
EN 12697-6, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 6: Determination of bulk density
of bituminous specimens
of bituminous specimens by gamma rays
EN 12697-8, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 8: Determination of void
characteristics of bituminous specimens
reference density
EN 12697-10, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 10: Compactibility
affinity between aggregate and bitumen
EN 12697-12, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 12: Determination of the water
sensitivity of bituminous specimens
EN 12697-13, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 13: Temperature
measurement
EN 12697-34:2004+A1:2007 (E)
EN 12697-14, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 14: Water content
segregation sensitivity
EN 12697-16, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 16: Abrasion by studded tyres
EN 12697-17, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 17: Partial loss of porous
asphalt specimen
prEN 12697-18, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 18: Binder drainage
EN 12697-19, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 19: Permeability of specimen
EN 12697-20, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 20: Indentation using cube or
Marshall specimens
EN 12697-21, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 21: Indentation using plate
specimens
EN 12697-22, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 22: Wheel tracking
indirect tensile strength of bituminous specimens
EN 12697-24, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 24: Resistance to fatigue
EN 12697-25, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 25: Cyclic compression test
EN 12697-26, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 26: Stiffness
EN 12697-27, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 27: Sampling
EN 12697-28, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 28: Preparation of samples for
determining binder content, water content and grading
dimensions of a bituminous specimen
EN 12697-30, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 30: Specimen preparation by
impact compactor
EN 12697-31, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 31: Specimen preparation by
gyratory compactor
EN 12697-32, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 32: Laboratory compaction of
bituminous mixtures by vibratory compactor
EN 12697-33, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 33: Specimen prepared by
roller compactor
EN 12697-34, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 34: Marshall test
EN 12697-35, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 35: Laboratory mixing
thickness of a bituminous pavement
EN 12697-34:2004+A1:2007 (E)
EN 12697-37, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 37: Hot sand test for the
adhesivity of binder on pre-coated chippings for HRA
EN 12697-38, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 38: Common equipment and
calibration
EN 12697-39, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 39: Binder content by ignition
EN 12697-40, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 40: In situ drainability
EN 12697-41, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 41: Resistance to deicing
fluids
EN 12697-42, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 42: Amount of coarse foreign
matters in reclaimed asphalt
EN 12697-43, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 43: Resistance to fuel
The annexes A and B are normative.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EN 12697-34:2004+A1:2007 (E)
Scope
This European Standard specifies a test method for determining the stability, flow and the Marshall Quotient
values of specimens of bituminous mixtures mixed according to !EN 12697-35:2004+A1" and prepared
using the impact compactor method of test !EN 12697-30:2004+A1". It is limited to dense graded asphalt
concrete and hot rolled asphalt.
Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications.
These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed
hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to
this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the
latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments).
of bituminous specimens
dimensions of a bituminous specimen
!EN 12697-30:2004+A1", Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 30: Specimen
preparation by impact compactor
EN ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials Verification of static uniaxial testing machines Part 1:
Tension/compression testing machines (ISO 7500-1:1999)
Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
stability
S
maximum resistance to deformation, in kilonewtons (kN), of a moulded asphalt specimen
3.2
flow
F
deformation of the moulded specimen in millimetres (mm) at maximum load less the nominal deformation
obtained by extrapolation the tangent of the graph of load against deformation back to zero load (A to M in
annex A)
3.3
tangential flow
Ft
nominal deformation of the moulded specimen, in millimetres (mm) obtained by extrapolation the tangent of the
graph of load against deformation forward to the stability load less the nominal deformation obtained by
extrapolation the tangent back to zero load (A to B in annex A)
3.4
Marshall quotient
ratio of the stability, S, to the flow, F, S/F, see annex A
EN 12697-34:2004+A1:2007 (E)
Principle
Marshall specimens are compacted in accordance with !EN 12697-30:2004+A1". The Marshall stability,
flow and quotient are subsequently determined on these specimens using defined procedures and reported
along with the bulk density of the specimen.
Apparatus
5.1 Compression testing machine of Grade 2 or better according to EN ISO 7500-.1 having a
recommended minimum capacity of 28 kN and capable of applying loads to test specimens at a constant rate
of deformation of (50 2) mm/min after a transitory period less than 20 % of the loading time. The rate of
deformation is to be maintained.
5.2
A flow !measuring" device capable of determining deformation to an accuracy of 0,1 mm.
5.3 Graphical plotter: device for evaluating the curve of force versus flow, e.g. graphical plotter, strip
recorder or software program.
5.4
Testing head: upper and lower breaking heads with the dimensions given in annex B.
5.5 Water bath, at least 150 mm deep and capable of thermostatically maintaining the water at a
temperature of (60 1) C. This bath shall have a perforated false bottom or shelf that can suspend the test
specimens at least 25 mm above the bottom of the bath, and allow at least 25 mm depth of water above the
specimens. The size of the bath shall allow specimens to be placed face down and not in contact with one
another. A device to ensure continuous circulation of water shall also be fitted.
5.6
Thermometer, capable of measuring a temperature of 60 C accurate to 0,5 C.
5.7
Oven, capable of maintaining temperature of (110 5) C.
Procedure
6.1 Specimen preparation

6.1.1 Specimens shall be compacted in accordance with !EN 12697-30:2004+A1" ensuring that
50 blows are applied to each side within the acceptable temperature range given.
6.1.2 The compacted specimens shall be demoulded ensuring that they are cooled in air to avoid any danger
of deformation and tested in accordance with section 6.5 to 6.7. After demoulding wait at least 4 h before
further testing begins. All tests shall be complete within 32 h of demoulding.
The bulk density of each specimen shall be determined in accordance with EN 12697-6.
6.1.3 The height of each specimen shall be measured in accordance with EN 12697-29, or the volume shall
be calculated from the bulk density measurement.
6.1.4 Immerse the cylindrical specimens, on their flat surface, in the water bath for at least 40 min and not
longer than 60 min. Maintain the temperature of the water in the bath at (60 1) C.
6.2 Test procedure

6.2.1 Thoroughly clean the guide rods and the inside surfaces of the test heads. Lubricate the guide rods to
ensure that the upper test head slides freely over them.
EN 12697-34:2004+A1:2007 (E)
6.2.2 Prepare the test head by preheating for at least 30 min at (60 1) C in the water bath or for 1 h in the
oven.
This action shall be undertaken at the start of testing of a batch of specimens not greater than twelve in
number. In the event of a delay of more than 3 min between the testing of each specimen the test head shall
be heated in a suitable oven or water-bath maintained at the specified test temperature. The minimum
reheating period shall be the lesser of the delay encountered and 30 minutes when heated in a water bath, or
double that when heated in an oven.
6.2.3 Remove the test specimen from the water bath and place it centrally on its side in the test head
ensuring good surface contact between the specimen and the test head. Place the complete assembly
centrally on the testing machine.
Prior to testing each specimen the test head shall be cleaned as required. An environmentally suitable solvent
may be used for cleaning and a silicone spray applied to prevent specimens adhering to the test head.
6.2.4 Apply the load to the test specimen to achieve a constant rate of deformation of (50 2) mm/min
allowing for the transitory period. Continue the application of this load until the maximum reading is obtained
on the load measuring device. Record the load indicated. This section of the test shall be carried out within
40 s of removal of the test specimen from the water bath.
Also measure the distance to 0,5 mm, from the intersection of the tangent and the base line, A, to the point
where the maximum load is achieved, M.
6.2.5 Carry out the stability and flow tests on a set of four specimens.
Expression of results
7.1 The maximum load attained represents the stability of the mix only if the specimen height equals the
required 63,5 mm. A corrected stability shall be reported by multiplying the maximum load with the correction
factor calculated from the following equations using the volume of the specimen as determined in accordance
with 6.2:
!
c = 5,24 e 0, 0258 h = 5,24 e 3, 210
where
c
is the correction factor;
is the height of the specimen (in millimetres);
is the volume of the specimen determined in 6.2 (in millilitres)."
The stability, S, is reported to the nearest 0,1 kN.

NOTE
7.2
7.3
Corrections outside the range of specimen heights from 60,5 mm to 66,5 mm can lead to inaccurate results.
Record the flow values, F and Ft, obtained to the nearest 0,1 mm.
!Test results shall be considered reliable if both the variation in stability between specimens, VS, is less
than 15 % and the variation in flow between specimens, Vf, is less than 20 %. Reject the test specimen with the
largest variation and obtain the average value of the other specimens if either:
EN 12697-34:2004+A1:2007 (E)
the stability value from one or more specimens differ from the average stability by more than 15 %, or
the flow value from one or more specimens differ from the average flow by more than 20 %.
Furthermore, if any value differs from the new average by more than 15 % for stability or 20 % for flow, repeat
the test."
7.4 The Marshall quotient shall be obtained by calculation S/F and reporting the value obtained to
0,1 kN/mm.
Test report
The test report shall include the following information:

a)
the average results F, Ft, S and Marshall quotient for each set of specimens;
b)
the average bulk density of the specimen set;
!deleted text"
c)
the number and date of this European Standard.
Precision
Table 1 Asphalt concrete
Repeatability
Marshall
Stability
Flow
Standard deviation,
Reproducibility
Repeatability, r
(kN)
0,61
(mm)
0,25
Standard deviation,
Reproducibility, R
1,7
0,78
2,2
0,7
0,29
0,8
The precision data are estimated from DIN 1996/11 and NL-Standard for asphalt concrete- 2000 Standard RAW
Bepalingen.
Table 2 Hot rolled asphalt

Repeatability
Marshall
Stability
Flow
Standard deviation,
Reproducibility
Repeatability, r
(kN)
0,36
(mm)
0,21
Standard deviation,
Reproducibility, R
1,0
0,78
2,2
0,6
0,46
1,3
The precision data are estimated from TRRL Research report 281.
EN 12697-34:2004+A1:2007 (E)
Annex A
(normative)
Marshall quotient
Figure A.1 is a graphical representation of the definitions for stability, S, flow, F, and tangential flow, Ft,
contained in clause 3.
Key
1
2
3
Stability S
Tangent
Flow F
Figure A.1 Marshall quotient
10
EN 12697-34:2004+A1:2007 (E)
Annex B
(normative)
Testing head
Figure B.1 illustrates the essential dimensions of a suitable breaking head for use in this test. This testing
head is used in conjunction with the compression testing machine to determine the stability and flow of the
moulded specimens.
11
EN 12697-34:2004+A1:2007 (E)
Dimensions in millimetres
The radius shall be the same for both upper and lower segments.
Key
1
2
Upper testing head

Lower testing head
Figure B.1 Testing head
12
EN 12697-34:2004+A1:2007 (E)
Bibliography
!EN 12697-35:2004+A1", Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 35:
Laboratory mixing
DIN 1996/11, Testing of bituminous materials for road building and related purposes: Determination of
Marshall stability and of Marshall flow value
NL Standard for Asphalt concrete 2000 Standard RAW Bepalingen
TRRL Research Report 281: Precision of tests used in the design of rolled asphalt
13
BS EN
12697-34:2004
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Licensed Copy: SHU Athens, Sheffield Hallam University, 23/11/2007 09:08, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

The European Standard EN 12697-34:2004, incorporating amendment

This British Standard was

ISBN 978 0 580 59824 1

Amendments issued since publication

Implementation of CEN amendment

Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part

Asphalt - Prfverfahren fr Heiasphalt - Teil 34: MarshallPrfung

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36

All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved

Ref. No. EN 12697-34:2004+A1:2007: E

Normative references ............................................................................................................................6

Terms and definitions ...........................................................................................................................6

Expression of results ............................................................................................................................8

Test report ..............................................................................................................................................9

Annex A (normative) Marshall quotient .........................................................................................................10

Terms and definitions

A flow !measuring" device capable of determining deformation to an accuracy of 0,1 mm.

Thermometer, capable of measuring a temperature of 60 C accurate to 0,5 C.

Oven, capable of maintaining temperature of (110 5) C.

6.1 Specimen preparation

6.2 Test procedure

c = 5,24 e 0, 0258 h = 5,24 e 3, 210

is the correction factor;

is the height of the specimen (in millimetres);

is the volume of the specimen determined in 6.2 (in millilitres)."

The stability, S, is reported to the nearest 0,1 kN.

The test report shall include the following information:

the average bulk density of the specimen set;

the number and date of this European Standard.

Table 2 Hot rolled asphalt

Upper testing head

BSI British Standards Institution

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