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INTRODUCTION
Distillation is a process of extracting volatile
substances from a liquid mixture by using
selective vaporization and condensation. It is a
widely used method for separating mixtures
based on differences in the conditions [1].
Distillation can be used to purify substances and
remove or separate components of mixtures such
as the one used in the experiment, vodka. Vodka
is a distilled beverage composed primarily of
water and ethanol, sometimes with traces of
impurities and flavourings. Traditionally, vodka is
made by the distillation of fermented grains or
potatoes, though some modern brands use other
substances, such as fruits or sugar [2]. The
objectives of the experiment are (1) Differentiate
simple from fractional distillation, (2) Separate
the components of an alcoholic beverage which is
vodka, and (3) Calculate the percentage of
ethanol in beverage.
EXPERIMENTAL
A. Compounds tested (or samples used)
The samples used was taken from a clear and
unflavored vodka (San Miguel). jhhcuehfweufhwu
B.iPROCEDURE
1. Assembling of fractional distillation
set-up
The set-up used was a fractional distillation
set-up which used apparatus such as quick-fit
distilling flask, fractionating column (with boiling
stones), condenser, rubber tubing, adapter, test
tubes, iron stand, iron clamps, alcohol lamp and
thermometer. The instruments were secured
3.iDISTILLATION
The flask was heated by continually rotating an
alcohol lamp until the vodka started to boil. After
filling the first tube with 0.5 mL of the distillate,
another test tube was used to collect another 0.5
mL. This continued until the temperature reached
96oC. After every collection of 0.5 mL of the
distillate, the temperature was also recorded.
Three to 5 drops of the first and last distillate
were separately placed on a watch glass and
were applied a lighted match. Results were
observed and recorded. ggfftftftfjhyfytcduttftftftft
RESULTSiANDiDISCUSSION
Figure 1. Fractional Distillation Set-up
Tablei1.iTemperatureiofiDistillate
Test Tube No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Volume (mL)
Temperature (oC)
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
Based on Table 1, as the volume of the
distillate
increases,
the
temperature
also
increases until it reaches 96 oC. The first distillate
was boiled at ___oC. It indicated a composition of
mainly ethanol. On the other hand, the last
distillate was boiled at a temperature near to
100OC and contained water. A constant
temperature of 96oC indicates the presence of the
most concentrated ethanol. It is represented by a
slightly horizontal slope. Hdfbhefeufhuefhueh
According to the results of the flammability
test, the first distillate produced blue flame and
then evaporated while the last distillate did not
ad extinguished it. Therefore, the first distillate,
containing ethanol, is flammable, and the last
distillate, containing water, is non-flammable.
Figure 2. Graph of Temperature vs. Volume.
(insert graph here)
Table 1 was used to graph figure 2. As seen in
the graph, there was a constant temperature of
___oC for a certain period of time in the distillates
with volumes from ____ mL to ____ mL. The
slope represents the presence of the most
concentrated ethanol because the distillates have
a constant temperature of ___oC, which is boiling
point of ethanol. Therefore, vodka is an
azeotrope. Azeotope is defined as a mixture of
two or more liquids that constant boiling point
because the vapour has similar compositions as
the mixture. Since the ethanol boiled with a
lower temperature than water, vodka is a positive
azeotrope.
Figure
2
also
illustrates
the
relationship of temperature and volume. It can be
concluded that as the volume of the distillate
increases, the temperature also increases.
To compute for the percentage of ethanol present
in the vodka, the following formula and values
are used:
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computation
here)
REFERENCES
[1]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distillation
[2]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodka
From the internet
(no author). Distillation.
http://www.chemhelper.com/distillation.html
9/30/15
(no author). Separating Mixtures.
https://www.superteachertools.net/speedmatch/s
peedmatchfromj.php?
gamefile=1411126267#.Vg4KP_lViko 9/30/15
Encyclopedia Britannica. Azeotrope.
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/467
65/azeotrope 9/30/15
Hansen, V. Vodka.
http://www.blackbookcooking.com/vodka
9/30/15
Shree Krishna Fabricators. Types of Distillation.
http://www.sk-fab.com/distillation-unit.html
9/30/15