Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Maternal and
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Acknowledgements
This report was made possible with the advice and contributions of many people, both inside and outside UNICEF.
Important contributions were received from the following UNICEF field offices: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Benin, Brazil,
Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad, Cte dIvoire, Ghana, Guatemala, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Lao
Peoples Democratic Republic, Liberia, Madagascar, Mexico, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria, Occupied
Palestinian Territory, Pakistan, Peru, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Togo, Tunisia and Uganda. Input was
also received from UNICEF regional offices and the Innocenti Research Centre.
Special thanks to H. M. Queen Rania Al Abdullah of Jordan, the Honourable Vabah Gayflor, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta,
Sarah Brown, Jennifer Harris Requejo, Joy Lawn, Mario Merialdi, Rosa Maria Nuez-Urquiza and Cesar G. Victora.
STATISTICAL TABLES
Tessa Wardlaw, Chief, Strategic Information, Division
of Policy and Practice; Priscilla Akwara; Danielle Burke;
Xiaodong Cai; Claudia Cappa; Ngagne Diakhate;
Archana Dwivedi; Friedrich Huebler; Rouslan Karimov;
Julia Krasevec; Edilberto Loaiza; Rolf Luyendijk; Nyein
Nyein Lwin; Maryanne Neill; Holly Newby; Khin
Wityee Oo; Emily White Johansson; Danzhen You
TRANSLATION
PRINTING
Prographics, Inc.
DEDICATION
The State of the Worlds Children 2009 is dedicated to Allan Rosenfield, MD, Dean Emeritus, Mailman
School of Public Health, Columbia University, who passed away on 12 October 2008. A pioneer in the
field of public health, Dr. Rosenfield worked tirelessly to avert maternal deaths and provide care and
treatment for women and children affected by HIV and AIDS in resource-poor settings. He lent his
energy and intellect to numerous groundbreaking programmes and institutions, and his passion,
dedication, courage and commitment to bringing womens health and human rights to the fore of
development remain a source of inspiration.
ii
Foreword
Premature pregnancy and motherhood pose considerable risks to the health of girls. The younger a girl is
when she becomes pregnant, the greater the health
risks for herself and her baby. Maternal deaths related
to pregnancy and childbirth are an important cause of
mortality for girls aged 1519 worldwide, accounting
for nearly 70,000 deaths each year.
Early marriage and pregnancy, HIV and AIDS, sexual
violence and other gender-related abuses also increase
the risk that adolescent girls
will drop out of school. This,
in turn, entrenches the vicious
cycle of gender discrimination,
poverty and high rates of maternal and neonatal mortality.
UNICEF/HQ05-0653/Nicole Toutounji
Ann M. Veneman
Executive Director
United Nations Childrens Fund
iii
CONTENTS
Acknowledgements ......................................................................ii
Dedication ......................................................................................ii
Foreword
Ann M. Veneman
Executive Director, UNICEF ......................................................iii
Figures
2.1 The continuum of care ........................................................27
Panels
Challenges in measuring maternal deaths ..................................7
Creating a supportive environment for mothers and
newborns by H. M. Queen Rania Al Abdullah of Jordan,
UNICEFs Eminent Advocate for Children ..................................11
Maternal and newborn health in Nigeria: Developing
strategies to accelerate progress ................................................19
Figures
1.1 Millennium Development Goals on maternal and child
health ......................................................................................3
Panels
Panels
Figures
iv
Panels
Using critical link methodology in health-care systems to
prevent maternal deaths by Rosa Maria Nuez-Urquiza,
National Institute of Public Health, Mexico ................................73
New directions in maternal health by Mario Merialdi,
World Health Organization, and Jennifer Harris Requejo,
Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health ..............75
Strengthening the health system in the Lao Peoples
Democratic Republic ....................................................................76
Saving mothers and newborn lives the crucial first days
after birth by Joy Lawn, Senior Research and Policy Advisor,
Saving Newborn Lives/Save the Children-US, South Africa ....80
Burundi: Government commitment to maternal and child
health care ....................................................................................83
Integrating maternal and newborn health care in India ..........85
Figures
5.1 Key global health initiatives aimed at strengthening
health systems and scaling up essential interventions ....97
5.2 Official development assistance for maternal and
neonatal health has risen rapidly since 2004 ....................98
5.3 Nutrition, PMTCT and child health have seen
substantial rises in financing ............................................100
5.4 Financing for maternal, newborn and child health
from global health initiatives has increased sharply
in recent years ....................................................................101
5.5 Focal and partner agencies for each component of
the continuum of maternal and newborn care and
related functions ................................................................103
References ..............................................................................106
Figures
4.1 Emergency obstetric care: United Nations process
indicators and recommended levels ..................................70
Acronyms
................................................................................158
Panels
Working together for maternal and newborn health by
Sarah Brown, Patron of the White Ribbon Alliance for Safe
Motherhood and wife of Gordon Brown, Prime Minister
of the Government of the United Kingdom ..............................94
Key global health partnerships for maternal and
newborn health ............................................................................96
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
UNICEF/HQ06-2706/Shehzad Noorani
Each year, more than half a million women die from causes related to pregnancy and childbirth, and
nearly 4 million newborns die within 28 days of birth. Millions more suffer from disability, disease,
infection and injury. Cost-effective solutions are available that could bring rapid improvements, but
urgency and commitment are required to implement them and to meet the Millennium Development
Goals related to maternal and child health. The first chapter of The State of the Worlds Children 2009
examines trends and levels of maternal and neonatal health in each of the major regions, using
mortality ratios as benchmark indicators. It briefly explores the main proximal and underlying causes of
maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity, and outlines a framework for accelerating progress.
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
The gap in risk of maternal death between the industrialized world and
many developing countries, particularly the least developed, is often
termed the greatest health divide in the world.
Figure 1.1
Indicators
4.1 Under-five mortality rate
Indicators
5.1 Maternal mortality ratio
5.2 Proportion of births attended by
skilled health personnel
5.3 Contraceptive prevalence rate
5.4 Adolescent birth rate
* The revised Millennium Development Goals framework agreed by the United Nations General
Assembly at the 2005 World Summit, with the new official list of indicators effective as of 15
January 2008, has added a new target (5.B) and four new indicators for monitoring Millennium
Development Goal 5.
Source: United Nations, Millennium Development Goals Indicators: The official United Nations site for
the MDG indicators, <http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/Host.aspx?Content=Indicators/OfficialList.htm>,
accessed 1 August 2008.
M AT E R N A L A N D N E W B O R N H E A LT H : W H E R E W E S TA N D
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
UNICEF/HQ06-2055/Pablo Bartholomew
M AT E R N A L A N D N E W B O R N H E A LT H : W H E R E W E S TA N D
Africa and Asia account for 95 per cent of the world's maternal
deaths, with particularly high burdens in sub-Saharan Africa
(50 per cent of the global total) and South Asia (35 per cent).
Figure 1.2
Latin America/Caribbean
15,000 (3%)
Industrialized countries 830 (<1%)
CEE/CIS, 2,600 (<1%)
Middle East/
North Africa
21,000 (4%)
Eastern/Southern Africa
103,000 (19%)
West/Central Africa
162,000 (30%)
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
For the 2005 estimates, data were drawn from eight categories of sources: complete civil registration systems with
good attribution of data, complete civil registration systems
with uncertain or poor attribution of data, direct sisterhood
methods, reproductive-age mortality studies, disease surveillance or sample registration, census, special studies and no
national data. Estimates for each source were calculated
according to a different formula, taking into account factors
such as correcting for known bias and determining realistic
uncertainty bounds.
M AT E R N A L A N D N E W B O R N H E A LT H : W H E R E W E S TA N D
Figure 1.3
West/Central Africa
790
760
Eastern/Southern Africa
South Asia
650
500
1990
270
210
2005
220
East Asia/Pacific
150
180
130
Latin America/Caribbean
63
46
CEE/CIS
8
8
Industrialized countries
430
400
World
940
920
Sub-Saharan Africa*
480
450
Developing countries
900
870
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
5.9
Eastern/Southern Africa
Neonatal mortality
3.4
South Asia
1.7
0.7
East Asia/Pacific
0.3
Latin America/Caribbean
0.4
CEE/CIS
0.1
Industrialized countries
0.01
World
1.1
Sub-Saharan Africa*
4.5
Developing countries
1.3
4.2
0
*Sub-Saharan Africa comprises the regions of Eastern/Southern Africa and West/Central Africa.
Source: World Health Organization, United Nations Childrens Fund, United Nations Population
Fund and the World Bank, Maternal Mortality in 2005: Estimates developed by WHO, UNICEF,
UNFPA and the World Bank, WHO, Geneva, 2007, p. 35.
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
Expanded distribution of insecticide-treated mosquito nets to help prevent malaria and rapid scaling up of programmes to prevent and treat
HIV infection are helping to save maternal and newborn lives. An HIV-positive mother and her newborn son under an insecticide-treated
mosquito net are assisted by a nurse in a health centre, Mozambique.
Direct causes
The timing and causes of maternal
and newborn deaths are well known.
Maternal deaths mostly occur from
the third trimester to the first week
after birth (with the exception of
deaths due to complications of abortion). Studies show that mortality
M AT E R N A L A N D N E W B O R N H E A LT H : W H E R E W E S TA N D
Figure 1.4
45
36
Eastern/Southern Africa
South Asia
41
25
East Asia/Pacific
18
Latin America/Caribbean
13
CEE/CIS
16
Industrialized countries
28
World
Sub-Saharan Africa*
41
Developing countries
31
40
10
15
20
25
30
35
*Sub-Saharan Africa comprises the regions of Eastern/Southern Africa and West/Central Africa.
Source: World Health Organization, using vital registration systems and household surveys.
10
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
40
45
50
M AT E R N A L A N D N E W B O R N H E A LT H : W H E R E W E S TA N D
11
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
UNICEF/HQ05-1222/Roger LeMoyne
Neonatal mortality
Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life helps protect newborns and infants
from disease, reduces the risk of mortality and encourages healthy child development.
A woman breastfeeds her newborn at the Uskudar Ana ve Cocuk Sagligi Klinigi, a clinic
operated by the Ministry of Health in Istanbul, Turkey.
M AT E R N A L A N D N E W B O R N H E A LT H : W H E R E W E S TA N D
13
Figure 1.5
Complications of abortion
4%
Obstructed labour
4%
Other causes
30%
Other causes
21%
Anaemia
4%
Haemorrhage
31%
Complications
of abortion
6%
HIV/AIDS
6%
Hypertensive
disorders
9%
Sepsis/
infections
10%
Haemorrhage
34%
Other causes
21%
Complications
of abortion
12%
Obstructed
labour
9%
Sepsis/
infections
12%
Anaemia
13%
Obstructed
labour
13%
Haemorrhage
21%
Sepsis/
infections
8%
Hypertensive
disorders
26%
Hypertensive
disorders
9%
Africa
Asia
Latin America/Caribbean
* Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified. Percentages may not total 100% because of rounding.
Source: Khan, Khalid S., et al., 'WHO Analysis of Causes of Maternal Death: A systematic review', The Lancet, vol. 367, no. 9516, 1 April 2006, p.1069.
14
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
Figure 1.6
Tetanus (7%)
Sepsis/pneumonia (26%)
20
Congenital (7%)
Diarrhoea (3%)
40
Preterm (27%)
60
Asphyxia (23%)
80
Other (7%)
100
M AT E R N A L A N D N E W B O R N H E A LT H : W H E R E W E S TA N D
15
Accelerating progress on
maternal and newborn health
Many of the causal factors responsible for maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality are well known
and interrelated, as illustrated in the
conceptual framework in Figure 1.7.
While there are still many gaps in our
knowledge of the extent and causes
of maternal and newborn deaths, we
16
UNICEF/HQ08-0302/Susan Markisz
Improving maternity services is essential to enhancing maternal and newborn health and
survival. A nurse examines a six-week-old baby during a check-up at a community health
centre, Jamaica.
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
Figure 1.7
Congenital
factors
Lack of education,
health information,
and life skills
Obstetric risks
incl. complications
of abortion
Insufficient
access to
maternity
services
including
emergency
obstetric and
newborn care
Diseases and
infections
Inadequate
maternal and
newborn health
practices and
care seeking
Outcomes
Inadequate
dietary intake
Insufficient access
to nutritious food
and essential
micronutrients
including early
and exclusive
breastfeeding
Poor water/
sanitation
and hygiene,
and inadequate
basic health-care
services
Direct causes
M AT E R N A L A N D N E W B O R N H E A LT H : W H E R E W E S TA N D
17
skilled professionals throughout pregnancy, birth, post-partum and neonatal care, supported by referrals to
adequately staffed facilities equipped
to manage emergencies. The emerging
role of mid-level providers such as
nurses and midwives in broadening
access to emergency obstetric care is
also showing promising potential in
the developing world.
In particular, given that the risks of
maternal and newborn death are
greatest during the first 2448 hours
after birth, post-natal care urgently
needs to be expanded during this
period, and greater emphasis needs
to be placed on follow-up visits for
babies and mothers. Visits shortly
after birth are vital for new mothers,
who may remain at higher risk of
mortality and morbidity for up to a
year after birth. This is usually not
possible, however, as maternal and
newborn services are often sorely
lacking in the poorest countries and
communities where the most deaths
occur. Particularly in sub-Saharan
Africa, factors such as distance,
migration, urbanization, armed conflict, disease and lack of investment
in public health have left severe
shortages of skilled health
professionals.
Women and newborns in fragile
states countries that experience
weak institutional policy, poor governance, political instability and
weak rule of law require particular
attention. Often these states lack the
institutional capacity and adequate
resources to deliver basic social
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
Focus On
M AT E R N A L A N D N E W B O R N H E A LT H : W H E R E W E S TA N D
19
For every newborn baby who dies, another 20 suffer birth injury,
complications arising from preterm birth or other neonatal conditions.
20
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
Focus On
Sri Lanka is a story of success against the odds. A lowermiddle-income country in 2006, Sri Lankas annual gross
national income per capita was less than US$1,500 it has
also experienced a protracted civil conflict and the devastation of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. Yet the countrys
progress in human development, particularly in maternal
and child health and education, has been one of the key
success stories among developing countries in recent
decades. Sri Lankas maternal mortality ratio declined from
340 per 100,000 live births in 1960 to 43 per 100,000 live
births in 2005, and 98 per cent of births now take place in
hospitals. Rates of antenatal care (at least one visit) and
skilled attendance at birth stand at 99 per cent. In 2007, the
country had an overall fertility rate of 1.9 compared to
3.0 for the South Asia region. These results have also had
positive effects on child survival: The under-five mortality
rate has fallen from 32 per 1,000 live births in 1990 to 21
per 1,000 live births in 2007. The latest available data suggest that the neonatal mortality rate has also fallen, to
around 8 per 1,000 births in 2004.
In basic education, too, Sri Lankas performance has been outstanding. According to the latest international estimates, net
primary school enrolment stands at more than 97 per cent
for both girls and boys, while literacy rates among young
people aged 1524 are 97 per cent for males and 98 per cent
for females. Administrative data suggest that the completion rate for primary school is 100 per cent. Given the positive correlation between education and maternal and child
survival, these are the results of sustained investment in all
three areas.
The key to Sri Lankas outstanding improvements in maternal health was the expansion of a synergistic package of
health and social services to reach the poor. The countrys
health system, which dates back to the late 19th century,
first targeted universal provision of improved health care,
sanitation and disease management. It subsequently added
specific interventions to improve the health of women and
children. Over the years, successive governments have followed a prudent approach of prioritizing health-care services to mothers and the poor while spending economic and
human resources judiciously. The resulting improvements
in womens health are supported and strengthened by
measures to empower women socially and politically
through education, employment and social engagement.
M AT E R N A L A N D N E W B O R N H E A LT H : W H E R E W E S TA N D
21
The continents of Africa and Asia* present the largest global challenges to the survival of children and
women. Their progress in such critical areas as child and maternal health, nutrition and education,
among others, is pivotal to achievement of the Millennium Development Goals.
22
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
Asia: 232,000
(43%)
Africa: 276,000
(51%)
Maternal deaths
In 2005, the latest year for which firm estimates are
available, an estimated 536,000 women died from
causes related to pregnancy and childbirth. Almost
all 95 per cent of these maternal deaths occurred
in Africa and Asia.
Africa is the continent with the highest rate of maternal
mortality, estimated at 820 maternal deaths per 100,000
live births in 2005. Asias rate of maternal death is 350
per 100,000 live births.
In Africa, the lifetime risk of maternal death is 1 in 26,
four times higher than in Asia and more than 300 times
higher than in the industrialized countries.
The full burden of maternal and child deaths in Africa and Asia for each continent and for the two combined is
frequently understated due to the lack of continent-wide estimates for key Millennium Development Goal indicators.
This panel presents a snapshot of key child and maternal indicators for Africa and Asia, and in their totality provides a
complementary perspective to the regional breakdown presented in the Statistical Tables, pages 113-157 of this report.
Aggregating the data on children from these two vast continents provides a stark reminder of the overwhelming
importance of making rapid progress across both Africa and Asia if global development goals are to be realized.
In the push to accelerate progress at the continental level, however, the often startling disparities in the status of
women and children and in rates of progress within countries and continents must not be forgotten. The issue
of disparities and inequalities affecting children will be examined in greater detail in future editions of The State
of the Worlds Children.
Africa: 39 million
(27%)
Africa: 49 million
(49%)
Asia: 40 million
(39%)
Asia: 99 million
(67%)
Primary education
In 2007, 148 million children under age five in the developing world were underweight for their age.
Two thirds of these children live in Asia, and just over one
quarter live in Africa.
Together, Africa and Asia account for 93 per cent of all underweight children under age five in the developing world.
* Africa includes all member states of the African Union. Asia includes the countries in the UNICEF regions of East Asia and the Pacific and
South Asia. Numbers may not always add up due to rounding.
M AT E R N A L A N D N E W B O R N H E A LT H : W H E R E W E S TA N D
23
Figure 1.8
350
19982000 = 100
Oils and fats
300
250
Dairy
Cereals
200
Sugar
150
Meat
100
J
2007/2008
* The food commodity price indices displayed above are the weighted averages of
price indices from a basket of basic goods under each commodity group. The
weights are the average export trade shares for 19982000. For examples, the Oils
and Fats Price Index consists of the price indices of 11 different oils (including animal and fish oils) weighted with average export trade shares of each oil product for
19982000. For a fuller explanation of the composition of each food commodity
group index, see Source.
Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Food Price
Indices, <http://www.fao.org/worldfoodsituation/FoodPricesIndex/en>, accessed 1
August 2008.
24
In the face of the food crisis, FAO has urged a rapid supply
response to restore a better balance between food supply
and demand, especially in the countries worst affected. In
addition, while food aid is being supplied to countries, policies must be applied to offset patterns of food distribution
between family members that may result in pregnant and
lactating women consuming less than their minimum requirements. Where food aid is being provided to those most at risk
of shortages and undernutrition, additional food for pregnant
women should be supplied, usually as a take-home ration,
either through the general ration distribution or through supplementary feeding programmes. Pregnant and lactating
women may also require other complementary, nutritionrelated interventions, including food fortification, micronutrient supplementation, additional safe drinking water, malaria
management during pregnancy, prophylaxis for management
of internal parasites, and nutrition education counselling.
Communication and advocacy campaigns concerning food aid
should highlight the special nutritional needs of pregnant and
lactating women and include messages to families and communities explaining why these women are being provided
extra food. The information should stress the importance of
exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of a childs life,
with complementary feeding for older infants. For HIV-positive
mothers, breastfeeding practices may differ, since the virus
can be transmitted through breast milk, depending on the
availability and safety of replacement feeding.
Information and early warning continue to have a crucial role
in ensuring that timely and appropriate action can be taken to
avoid suffering. FAOs Global Information and Early Warning
System is demonstrating its capacity to alert the world to
emerging food shortages. More needs to be done, however,
to create strong response mechanisms to food crises and to
develop national and international policies that prioritize and
safeguard food and nutrition security and take into account
the special nutritional needs of women and young children.
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
Improving maternal and newborn health requires delivering essential services at critical times and
in key locations where they can be readily accessed by women and children. Establishing and
consolidating these continua of care necessitate more than just enhanced primary-health-care
interventions; it also demands a supportive environment for mothers and children that safeguards
and promotes their rights. The second chapter of The State of the Worlds Children 2009 explores the
fundamentals of the supportive environment and the ways in which it strengthens efforts to enhance
primary health care.
26
mothers and children. Other core priorities included disease control, access
to family planning, safe water supplies
and sanitation. Citizens were to be
encouraged to participate in their own
health care, particularly in the provision of preventive care and adoption
of healthy behaviours and practices.1
(See Panel on page 29)
Considerable progress has been
achieved across the developing world
in the 30 years that have ensued, in
controlling several major diseases,
including polio and measles, and in
reducing child mortality particularly
in the post-neonatal period (between
29 days and five years of age). Yet
given the widening inequities in healthcare provision between and within
countries across the developing world,
the Alma-Ata agenda of comprehensive primary health care which
emphasizes the importance of a supportive environment and preventive
and curative interventions in determining health outcomes is perhaps as
pertinent today as it was in 1978.
There is a growing recognition
among health policymakers and
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
Figure 2.1
an
egn
Pr
Neonata
l pe
rio
d
cy
nc
fa
In
Birth
age
du
ro
p
Re
Adole
sce
nc
e
Pregnancy
ol
ho
Adolescence and
before pregnancy
5 years
10 years
Post-natal
(mother)
Birth
Maternal health
Post-natal
(newborn)
Infancy Childhood
B
Appr
Hospitals and health facilities
op
ria
re
te
ferral an
20 years
Childhood
Sc
e
ctiv
Adulthood
rs
1 year
Pr
e
s
c
h
o
ol y
ea
years
Death
Ageing
28 days
w-u
llo
df
Source: Kevbes, Kate J., et. al., 'Continuum of Care for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health: From
slogan to service delivery', The Lancet, vol. 370, no. 9595, 13 October 2007, p.1360.
C R E AT I N G A S U P P O R T I V E E N V I R O N M E N T F O R M AT E R N A L A N D N E W B O R N H E A LT H
27
UNICEF/HQ06-0954/Shehzad Noorani
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
Creating a supportive
environment for women
and children
Improving maternal and newborn
health is not simply a practical matter
of making available better and more
extensive maternity services. It also
involves addressing and reversing the
neglect of womens rights and the
structural discrimination and maltreatment often suffered by girls
and women.
Discrimination on the basis of gender
often passed on from generation to
generation by cultural tradition and
economic, social and political norms
has numerous pernicious effects. It
can deny girls and women access to
education, which research shows
could lower their exposure to the
risks of maternal and infant deaths.5
It may prevent them from receiving,
or from seeking, adequate health care
and vital life skills to protect them
against sexually transmitted infections including HIV inadequate
birth spacing, violence, abuse and
exploitation. It can constrain their
income-earning capacity when they
become women and can force them
into a life of servitude and subservience when they marry often
when they are still children under
18 years of age.
Clear, brief and practical key messages explained recommended actions and offered supplementary information.
One underlying principle of the guide is that communication
involves more than simply providing information. It also
requires presenting the information in an interesting and
accessible way and helping people understand its relevance.
The guide also discusses ways to take action and overcome
bottlenecks and barriers.
Facts for Life has been widely disseminated, with more than
15 million copies in circulation in 215 languages by 2002.
A new edition of the guide is being prepared.
Timing of births
Safe motherhood
Child development and
early learning
Breastfeeding
Nutrition and growth
Immunization
Diarrhoea
Coughs, colds and more
serious illnesses
Hygiene
Malaria
HIV and AIDS
Injury prevention
Disasters and emergencies
C R E AT I N G A S U P P O R T I V E E N V I R O N M E N T F O R M AT E R N A L A N D N E W B O R N H E A LT H
29
Figure 2.2
Although improving, the educational status of young women is still low in several
developing regions
26
West/Central Africa
18
Eastern/Southern Africa
69
43
South Asia
74
52
85
63
East Asia/Pacific
Latin America/Caribbean
66
98
N/A
97
76
CEE/CIS
44
World
85
22
Sub-Saharan Africa*
68
43
Developing countries
84
24
20
99
65
40
60
80
100
percentage, 20002007
* Sub-Saharan Africa comprises the regions of Eastern/Southern Africa and West/Central Africa.
Sources: Female youth literacy rateUNESCO Institute of Statistics. Female net secondary school attendanceDemographic and Health Surveys and Multiple Indicator Cluster
Surveys.
30
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
C R E AT I N G A S U P P O R T I V E E N V I R O N M E N T F O R M AT E R N A L A N D N E W B O R N H E A LT H
31
UNICEF/HQ05-2374/Anita Khemka
Outreach health providers bring vital services to communities and households. A community health worker holds up an infant growth chart during
an education session for young mothers, India.
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
12
Eastern/Southern Africa
10
South Asia
Male
14
Female
10
16
19
World
22
Sub-Saharan Africa*
53
47
21
0
10
20
24
Developing countries
Least developed countries
52
22
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
* Sub-Saharan Africa comprises the regions of Eastern/Southern Africa and West/Central Africa.
Source: Estimates derived by the Statistical Information Section, United Nations Childrens Fund,
using attendance data from household surveys (Demographic and Health Surveys and Multiple
Indicator Cluster Surveys) and UNESCO Institute of Statistics.
C R E AT I N G A S U P P O R T I V E E N V I R O N M E N T F O R M AT E R N A L A N D N E W B O R N H E A LT H
33
Figure 2.4
West/Central Africa
Eastern/Southern Africa
36
49
South Asia
18
19
Latin America/Caribbean
N/A
11
CEE/CIS
Sub-Saharan Africa**
40
Developing countries*
36
49
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Percentage of women aged 2024 years who were married or in union before they were 18 years old, 19982007
* Excludes China. ** Sub-Saharan Africa comprises the regions of Eastern/Southern Africa and West/Central Africa.
Source: Demographic and Health Surveys, Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys and other national surveys.
34
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
Abandoning female genital mutilation and cutting is critical to ensuring safe motherhood and reducing
neonatal deaths. Successful initiatives in Senegal and other countries
where female genital mutilation and
cutting is widespread are based on
the collective abandonment of this
practice through community
empowerment, open dialogue
and a collective consensus.20
C R E AT I N G A S U P P O R T I V E E N V I R O N M E N T F O R M AT E R N A L A N D N E W B O R N H E A LT H
35
UNICEF/HQ06-2778/Bruno Brioni
Enhancing health facilities and strengthening referral systems are effective ways of improving maternal and newborn health. A mother watches
as her infant is weighed by a health care worker at a maternal and child health centre, Cte d'Ivoire.
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
Participation in family,
community, economic, social
and political life
Discrimination on the basis of gender can prevent women the primary caregivers for children in all
societies from fully participating
in the critical decisions and actions
taken in households and communities that can affect maternal and
child health. This issue was examined extensively in The State of the
Worlds Children 2007: The double
dividend of gender equality, which
showed that in a number of countries across sub-Saharan Africa,
South Asia and the Middle East and
North Africa, more than one third
of women surveyed said that their
husbands alone made the decisions
regarding their health care. A considerable percentage of women surveyed in 30 countries across six
Figure 2.5
98
Egypt
Guinea
Sierra Leone
96
96
94
93
Djibouti
Eritrea
Sudan
89
89
85
Mali
Gambia
78
Ethiopia
Burkina Faso
73
Mauritania
72
74
45
Chad
Guinea-Bissau
Cte dIvoire
Kenya
45
36
32
Senegal
28
26
23
19
15
13
Togo
Ghana
Niger
Cameroon
Uganda
Zambia
4
2
1
1
1
20
40
60
80
100
Percentage of girls and women aged 1549 who have been mutilated/cut, 20022007*
* Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Source: Demographic and Health Surveys, Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys and other national surveys.
C R E AT I N G A S U P P O R T I V E E N V I R O N M E N T F O R M AT E R N A L A N D N E W B O R N H E A LT H
37
Figure 2.6
Mothers who received skilled attendance at delivery, by wealth quintile and region
100
80
East Asia and Pacific*
60
40
South Asia*
20
0
Poorest
2nd
3rd
4th
Richest
Wealth quintiles
38
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
Figure 2.7
Women in Mali receiving three or more antenatal care visits, before and after the
implementation of the Accelerated Child Survival and Development (ACSD) initiative
80
70
60
Control group
(2006)
50
ACSD (2001,
pre-implementation)
40
Control group
(2001)
30
20
10
0
Poorest
2nd
3rd
4th
Richest
Wealth quintiles
Source: Johns Hopkins University 2008.
C R E AT I N G A S U P P O R T I V E E N V I R O N M E N T F O R M AT E R N A L A N D N E W B O R N H E A LT H
39
Figure 2.8
75
Burkina Faso
74
Nigeria
73
Malawi
71
Benin
61
Cameroon
58
Nepal
51
Bangladesh
48
Rwanda
48
Zambia
47
Kenya
43
Egypt
United Rep.
of Tanzania
41
39
Uganda
38
Ghana
35
Morocco
33
Mozambique
32
Zimbabwe
32
Haiti
21
Armenia
20
Peru
16
Indonesia
13
Madagascar
12
Jordan
12
Nicaragua
11
Bolivia
10
Turkmenistan
Eritrea
Colombia
Philippines
5
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Percentage of women who say their husbands alone made the decisions regarding their health care, 20002004*
* Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Source: UNICEF calculations based on data derived from Demographic and Health Surveys.
40
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
C R E AT I N G A S U P P O R T I V E E N V I R O N M E N T F O R M AT E R N A L A N D N E W B O R N H E A LT H
41
Focus On
Establishing maternal waiting houses to resolve the difficulty posed by geographic distance from health services.
42
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
Focus On
C R E AT I N G A S U P P O R T I V E E N V I R O N M E N T F O R M AT E R N A L A N D N E W B O R N H E A LT H
43
44
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
UNICEF/HQ06-0567/Shehzad Noorani
An effective continuum of care delivers essential services for mothers and children at critical points in
adolescence, pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, birth, post-natal and neonatal periods and at key locations of
the household and community, through outreach/outpatient interventions and in health facilities where
they can be readily accessed by women and children. Community partnerships in health are essential
components of a continuum of care. Perhaps most vital to reducing maternal and newborn mortality,
however, are quality antenatal care, skilled health personnel attending deliveries and post-natal care for
mothers and newborns. Ensuring that emergency obstetric and newborn care is available to address
birth complications could save many lives currently lost during childbirth and the early neonatal period.
The third chapter of The State of the Worlds Children 2009 examines the key services underpinning the
continuum of care and how these interventions can be expanded and improved.
46
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
UNICEF/DJBA00265/Giacomo Pirozzi
T H E C O N T I N U U M O F C A R E A C R O S S T I M E A N D L O C AT I O N : R I S K S A N D O P P O RT U N I T I E S
47
Figure 3.1
West/Central Africa
81
Eastern/Southern Africa
85
South Asia
77
East Asia/Pacific
Latin America/Caribbean
83
N/A
CEE/CIS
81
World
76
Sub-Saharan Africa*
Developing countries
81
81
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
48
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
90
T H E C O N T I N U U M O F C A R E A C R O S S T I M E A N D L O C AT I O N : R I S K S A N D O P P O RT U N I T I E S
49
Figure 3.2
West/Central Africa
43
South Asia
13
38
East Asia/Pacific
36
Latin America/Caribbean
71
CEE/CIS
33
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Estimated percentage of HIV-positive pregnant women who received antiretrovirals for prevention
of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, 2007
Source: UNICEF, UNAIDS and WHO, Towards Universal Access: Scaling up HIV services for women and children in
the health sector Progress Report 2008, UNICEF, New York, 2008, p.43.
50
11
Eastern/Southern Africa
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
Figure 3.3
71
44
72
Eastern/Southern Africa
40
South Asia
68
34
At least once
72
N/A
East Asia/Pacific
89
66**
Latin America/Caribbean
94
83
90
CEE/CIS
N/A
World
77
47
Sub-Saharan Africa*
72
42
Developing countries
77
46**
64
32
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Percentage of women aged 1549 receiving antenatal care during pregnancy, 20002007
* Sub-Saharan Africa comprises the regions of Eastern/Southern Africa and West/Central Africa. ** Excludes China.
Source: Demographic and Health Surveys, Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys and other national household surveys.
T H E C O N T I N U U M O F C A R E A C R O S S T I M E A N D L O C AT I O N : R I S K S A N D O P P O RT U N I T I E S
51
Figure 3.4
West/Central Africa
33
Eastern/Southern Africa
40
35
South Asia
Institutional**
deliveries
Skilled attendant***
at birth
41
71
81
73
East Asia/Pacific
87
86
85
Latin America/Caribbean
89
CEE/CIS
54
World
40
Sub-Saharan Africa*
32
20
62
45
54
Developing countries
94
61
39
40
60
Percentage, 20002007
80
100
* Sub-Saharan Africa comprises the regions of Eastern/Southern Africa and West/Central Africa.
** Institutional deliveries refers to the proportion of women aged 1549 years who gave birth in the two years preceding the survey and delivered in a health facility.
*** Skilled attendant at birth refers to the percentage of births attended by skilled health personnel (doctors, nurses and midwives).
Source: Demographic and Health Surveys, Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, World Health Organization and UNICEF.
52
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
Calcium supplementation has been shown to be an effective intervention in developing countries where pregnant
women may be calcium deficient, reducing the incidence of
pre-eclampsia by 48 per cent. If this intervention has a similar effect on maternal deaths from hypertensive disorders,
calcium supplementation could prevent some 21,500 maternal deaths. The Magpie Trial, the largest trial for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, conducted in 19982002 in
T H E C O N T I N U U M O F C A R E A C R O S S T I M E A N D L O C AT I O N : R I S K S A N D O P P O RT U N I T I E S
53
West/Central Africa
Eastern/Southern Africa
2
5
South Asia
Middle East/North Africa
12
4
East Asia/Pacific*
Latin America/Caribbean
13
CEE/CIS
World
2
Sub-Saharan Africa**
Developing countries*
2
0
10
12
14
54
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
UNICEF/HQ07-0367/Dan Thomas
life events, the experience of motherhood and infant temperament as critical factors in the onset of depression
during the post-natal year.
While it is estimated that around
1015 per cent of women in industrialized countries may experience
depression during the weeks and
months after delivery, information on
this condition in the developing world
is scarce. Small-scale studies from
Pakistan and Viet Nam indicate that
women who suffer from depression
tend to have underweight infants, and
research from India suggests that children of depressed mothers may face a
higher risk of stunting.21
Healthy practices for
newborn care
Prevention of newborn deaths
requires skilled care more than
technology, and demands flexible
and responsive systems of intervention. The state of the health system,
social context and local practices
matter just as much as epidemiological risks. Neonatal health can be
improved, for example, by practices
that do not have high costs attached,
such as clean delivery conditions
and the promotion of early and
exclusive breastfeeding, and by
ensuring that the mother is healthy
when she gives birth.
Recent progress has been achieved
in providing simple, cost-effective
interventions that have a positive
impact on neonatal health, including
tetanus immunization, the use of
insecticide-treated nets to combat
T H E C O N T I N U U M O F C A R E A C R O S S T I M E A N D L O C AT I O N : R I S K S A N D O P P O RT U N I T I E S
55
UNICEF/HQ05-1795/Giacomo Pirozzi
Skilled health personnel, with access to proper equipment and support, can provide critical life-saving interventions when emergencies
arise during labour and childbirth. A newborn is monitored by a medical worker in a children's hospital, Ukraine.
malaria and micronutrient supplementation. A study tracking coverage of interventions for maternal,
newborn and child survival found
greater improvement in the delivery
of these types of preventive intervention than of curative care. Progress
on actions focusing on behavioural
changes, such as breastfeeding, was
mixed.22
Since the early 1990s, the emphasis
in coping with these manifold threats
to the lives of children has been on a
broad, cross-cutting approach that
recognizes there is normally more
than one contributory cause to any ailment. This approach, introduced by
56
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
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57
UNICEF/HQ07-1494/Anita Khemka
Community partnerships in health care can help expand coverage of essential services and improve practices in health and nutrition.
A community health volunteer who is also a trained birth assistant visits a pregnant woman in a village, Nepal.
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
identifying and coping with childhood or maternal illness. In addition, although in the developing
world as a whole a small majority
(54 per cent) of births take place
in clinics or hospitals, in both subSaharan Africa and South Asia the
regions with the greatest burden of
maternal and neonatal mortality
more than 60 per cent of women
give birth at home.23 Even those
women who give birth in a health
facility are often discharged from
hospitals within 24 hours of delivery, and the main burden of postpartum and neonatal care and
supervision falls on family members
of the mother and newborn.
Community partnerships in
primary health care
Figure 3.6
23
Eastern/Southern Africa
39
44
South Asia
Middle East/North Africa
26
43
East Asia/Pacific*
Latin America/Caribbean
N/A
CEE/CIS
20
World
38
31
Sub-Saharan Africa**
Developing countries*
38
37
0
10
20
30
40
50
Percentage of infants less than six months old that are exclusively breastfed, 20002007
* Excludes China. ** Sub-Saharan Africa comprises the regions of Eastern/Southern Africa and West/Central Africa.
Source: Demographic and Health Surveys, other national household surveys and UNICEF.
T H E C O N T I N U U M O F C A R E A C R O S S T I M E A N D L O C AT I O N : R I S K S A N D O P P O RT U N I T I E S
59
Focus On
Midwifery in Afghanistan
60
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
UNICEF Peru/2005
Addressing cultural, social and geographic barriers to health care helps increase access to health services in rural communities. A mother
and her newborn are attended by a health worker in a health centre, Peru.
voluntary, while others involve payment of some sort. Some operate independently of the national health-care
system, while others are fully integrated within it. Programmes seeking to
use community partnerships as an
approach have to be careful to adapt
to the particular local context.
At their best, community partnerships in health and nutrition not only
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61
62
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
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63
is at high risk of being illiterate, like 24 per cent of adolescent girls and young women aged 1524 in the country.
faces the strong likelihood of being pregnant; the adolescent birth rate for girls aged 1519 stands at 221 per 1,000
the second highest rate in the world.
64
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
T H E C O N T I N U U M O F C A R E A C R O S S T I M E A N D L O C AT I O N : R I S K S A N D O P P O RT U N I T I E S
65
66
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
UNICEF/HQ05-1797/Giacomo Pirozzi
Establishing effective continua of care will involve taking practical steps to strengthen health systems. The
key elements for health systems development deepening the evidence base, expanding and enhancing
the health workforce, upgrading and broadening infrastructure and logistics, providing equitable financing
solutions and stimulating demand for care through social mobilization, ensuring the quality of care and
fostering political commitment and leadership through collaboration are increasingly accepted by national
governments and local and international agencies. Chapter 4 of The State of the Worlds Children 2009
examines each of the first six steps, illustrating their practical application through country examples. The
seventh step political leadership and commitment is addressed in the final chapter of the report.
eeting Millennium
Development Goal
5 will be challenging. As a whole,
the world is far behind on improving maternal health, with little
progress achieved in sub-Saharan
Africa in particular since 1990.
Even within those developing
countries and regions that have
seen more progress, pockets of
poverty and marginalization continue to exclude many from essential maternity and basic healthcare services. (See Chapter 1 for
a full description of trends in
maternal mortality.)
Faster progress and major
improvements in maternal and
newborn survival and health are
possible through packaging and
scaling up proven, affordable
interventions, delivered through
a continuum of care and underpinned by a supportive environment for the rights of women
and children.
Policy recommendations on the
frameworks required to accelerate
68
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
communications technology,
facilities and management
capacity to ensure quality care
and effective referral.
Improving the quality of care
across the health system.
Fostering political commitment
and leadership through stronger
collaboration between partners.
This chapter examines the first six
of these steps, illustrating their practical application through country
examples. The seventh step will be
addressed in Chapter 5.
UNICEF/HQ04-1257/Giacomo Pirozzi
Providing essential care such as immunization and micronutrient supplementation to pregnant women protects them against disease and undernutrition. A health worker provides
consultations that include weight and blood-pressure measurements, tetanus vaccination
and iron supplementation, Papua New Guinea.
S T R E N G T H E N I N G H E A LT H S Y S T E M S T O I M P R O V E M AT E R N A L A N D N E W B O R N H E A LT H
69
Figure 4.1
Emergency obstetric care: United Nations process indicators and recommended levels
UN process indicator
Definition
Recommended level
2. Geographical distribution of
EmOC facilities
Minimum: 15%
5. Caesarean sections as a
percentage of all births
Minimum: 5%
Maximum: 15%
Maximum: 1%
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
Household surveys such as DHS and MICS are providing vital data
on a wide range of outcome and coverage indicators.
Figure 4.2
No national data
35%
Special studies
4%
Census
3%
Disease
surveillance/sample
registration
1%
Reproductive age
mortality studies
2%
Civil registration,
complete, good
attribution of cause
of death
35%
Civil registration,
complete,
uncertain/poor
attribution of cause
of death
4%
Direct sisterhood
estimates
16%
Source: World Health Organization, United Nations Children's Fund, United Nations Population
Fund and the World Bank, Maternal Mortality in 2005: Estimates developed by WHO, UNICEF,
UNFPA and the World Bank, WHO, Geneva, 2007, p. 9.
S T R E N G T H E N I N G H E A LT H S Y S T E M S T O I M P R O V E M AT E R N A L A N D N E W B O R N H E A LT H
71
UNICEF/HQ06-0550/Shehzad Noorani
Increasing the number of births attended by skilled health workers can reduce maternal deaths arising from complications during
childbirth. Two teachers demonstrate proper procedures for holding a baby after delivery during a training session for women at
a midwives training centre, Sudan.
72
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
S T R E N G T H E N I N G H E A LT H S Y S T E M S T O I M P R O V E M AT E R N A L A N D N E W B O R N H E A LT H
73
Figure 4.3
Skilled health workers are in short supply in Africa and South-East Asia in particular
WHO regions
Europe
78
32
The Americas
49
19
Western Pacific
Eastern Mediterranean
10
South-East Asia
physicians
12
Africa
Nurses and
Midwives
20
14
15
11
Country groups
by income level
Global
28
13
High income
87
28
41
21
13
Low income
11
5
0
17
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Skilled health personnel (doctors, nurses or midwives, per 10,000 population), 2005
Source: World Health Organization, World Health Statistics 2008, WHO, Geneva, 2008, pp. 8283.
74
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
100
S T R E N G T H E N I N G H E A LT H S Y S T E M S T O I M P R O V E M AT E R N A L A N D N E W B O R N H E A LT H
75
76
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
UNICEF/HQ07-1307/Anita Khemka
and newborn health. The greatest shortages are in Africa and Asia.
Averting maternal death helps safeguard the survival and health of newborns. A mother lies in bed with her newborn daughter in a
maternity ward after a successful delivery, Pakistan.
workers is uneven, with greater concentration in developed countries compared to developing countries, and in
urban areas relative to their rural
counterparts within countries.
In 2006, research by the World
Health Organization recommended
that countries should have an average
of 2.28 health-care professionals per
1,000 population to achieve adequate
coverage of skilled health personnel
at delivery. Of the 57 countries that
S T R E N G T H E N I N G H E A LT H S Y S T E M S T O I M P R O V E M AT E R N A L A N D N E W B O R N H E A LT H
77
Figure 4.4
International Code of
Marketing of Breast Milk
Substitutes
28
13
2
Yes
Maternity protection in
accordance with ILO*
Convention 183
Partial
20
48
No
N/A
No data
18
Community management
of pneumonia with
antibiotics
11
31
8
34
17
10
7
39
3
21
5
23
14
Specific notification of
maternal deaths
18
13
27
Midwives authorized to
administer a core set of
life-saving interventions
25
5
11
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
78
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
UNICEF/HQ07-1414/Anita Khemka
Figure 4.5
Asia has among the lowest levels of government spending on health care as a share
of overall public expenditure
WHO regions
The Americas
16
Europe
14
Africa
18
2000
15
2005
7
7
Eastern Mediterranean
South-East Asia
4
3
Western Pacific
Country groups
by income level
8
Global
High income
16
18
10
2
2
4
0
5
6
10
12
14
16
18
20
General government spending on health care as share of total government expenditure, 2005
Source: World Health Organization, World Health Statistics 2008, WHO, Geneva, 2008, pp. 9091.
S T R E N G T H E N I N G H E A LT H S Y S T E M S T O I M P R O V E M AT E R N A L A N D N E W B O R N H E A LT H
79
Saving mothers and newborn lives the crucial first days after birth
by Joy Lawn, Senior Research and Policy Advisor, Saving Newborn Lives/Save the Children-US, South Africa
80
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
management of childhood pneumonia. Of the 68 Countdown priority countries, 39 have changed policy to include case management of neonatal sepsis within the Integrated Management of
Childhood Illness framework. The key challenge now is to identify the appropriate providers of such care in each country.
Figure 4.6
Motherfriendly
Providerfriendly
Implementation challenges
***
***
***
**
**
S T R E N G T H E N I N G H E A LT H S Y S T E M S T O I M P R O V E M AT E R N A L A N D N E W B O R N H E A LT H
81
Figure 4.7
Lower-income countries pay most of their private health-care spending out of pocket
WHO regions
90
88
South-East Asia
88
88
Eastern Mediterranean
83
Western Pacific
2000
88
68
69
Europe
48
Africa
31
The Americas
2005
52
34
Country groups
by income level
51
53
Global
36
High Income
39
65
91
91
90
Low income
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Out-of-pocket expenditure on health as a percentage of private expenditure on health, 2005
Source: World Health Organization, World Health Statistics 2008, WHO, Geneva, 2008, pp. 9091.
82
69
85
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
100
S T R E N G T H E N I N G H E A LT H S Y S T E M S T O I M P R O V E M AT E R N A L A N D N E W B O R N H E A LT H
83
Figure 4.8
63
The Americas
24
Western Pacific
33
Eastern Mediterranean
South East Asia
14
N/A
Africa
Country groups
by income level
Global
30
High income
59
42
23
Low income
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
Source: World Health Organization, World Health Statistics 2008, WHO, Geneva, 2008, pp. 8283.
84
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
60
70
S T R E N G T H E N I N G H E A LT H S Y S T E M S T O I M P R O V E M AT E R N A L A N D N E W B O R N H E A LT H
85
UNICEF/HQ08-0043/David Turnley
Strengthening and integrating maternal and neonatal care requires national and international commitment and global health partnerships
among agencies and institutions. A woman holds her toddler and a cup of complementary food, Sierra Leone.
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
S T R E N G T H E N I N G H E A LT H S Y S T E M S T O I M P R O V E M AT E R N A L A N D N E W B O R N H E A LT H
87
to generate demand for specific services among the poor. Cash transfers
have increased antenatal care during
the first trimester among poorer
women in Mexico by 8 per cent
and in Honduras by 1520 per cent.36
India has provided financial incentives for deliveries in facilities for
women from marginalized groups
in priority districts. While these
initiatives have increased access
to health-care services, effective
improvements in maternal health
outcomes may not be realized without
concomitant improvements in quality
of services. Continued monitoring
and evaluation of these financing
innovations are required to inform
appropriate scale-up by policymakers.
Private-sector providers
The private sector has become an
important health-care provider, particularly in Asia, but the evidence
base to measure its effectiveness is
still limited, with most evaluations
measuring short-term changes in
provider behaviour, not health outcomes or other impacts on beneficiaries. The private sector is heterogeneous in nature and encompasses a
variety of providers, including traditional healers and birth attendants,
church-based hospitals, spas and corporate global entities that may operate without regulation and oversight.
In many low-income countries, private providers work in environments
where formal regulatory controls,
whether in the form of professional
associations, legislative enforcement
or government taxation, are weak.37
88
Step 5: Strengthening
infrastructure, transportation,
logistics, supplies and the
referral process
Strengthening health systems to support maternal and newborn care
requires investing in sectors that support essential maternity and basic
health-care services. In addition to
enhancing information systems, it is
also imperative to expand human
resources, foster social mobilization
and establish equitable financing,
and develop infrastructure, supplies,
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
S T R E N G T H E N I N G H E A LT H S Y S T E M S T O I M P R O V E M AT E R N A L A N D N E W B O R N H E A LT H
89
90
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
UNICEF/HQ07-1151/Shehzad Noorani
Improving maternal and newborn health will require collaboration, commitment and creativity. International
and national efforts are becoming increasingly cooperative in meeting the challenges of the Millennium
Development Goals and other internationally agreed objectives. It is time to apply the same determination,
evidence, innovation and resources that enabled swift and sustained gains to be made in many aspects of
child survival to maternal and newborn health. The final chapter of The State of the Worlds Children 2009
examines the collaborative partnerships and programmes that are striving to create supportive environments,
establish continua of care and strengthen health systems to improve maternal and newborn health. It
explores ways of strengthening collaboration, enhancing aid effectiveness and applying resources and
commitment to achieve concrete results.
92
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
Strengthening collaboration
Recent years have seen an expansion
of global health partnerships, spurred
in part by the emphasis on collaboration embodied in MDG 8 which
seeks to develop a global partnership
for development and the 2002
Monterrey Consensus on Financing
for Development. These initiatives
are having a crucial effect in several
areas, particularly research, evaluation and prevention and treatment of
communicable diseases such as AIDS,
tuberculosis, measles and malaria.
UNICEF/HQ07-1314/Anita Khemka
recent years. This has led to the formation of several new collaborations that complement the work of
longstanding partnerships in efforts to
accelerate progress towards MDG 5.
The increase in global health partnerships for maternal, newborn and
child health is not without challenges,
however. Depending on the definition
used, global health partnerships number over 100, and developing countries have sometimes reported difficulties in interacting with the large number of initiatives.3 Further, while there
is a consensus around the imperative
of creating effective continua of care
for mothers, newborns and children,
the challenge remains to complement
vertical flows of aid on disease-specific interventions with a strengthening
of integrated approaches, combined
with health-systems development.
Integrating the work of global
health partnerships in establishing national continua of care is
a key challenge for the coming
years. Several bilateral donors
are already taking steps to
harmonize their collaboration
and improve the effectiveness
of their contributions through
partnerships. These include the
Global Campaign for the Health
Millennium Development Goals,
led by the Government of Norway;
Providing for Health Initiative,
led by Germany and France;
the Catalytic Initiative to Save
a Million Lives, led by Canada;
and GAVIs Health Systems
Strengthening Window.
W O R K I N G T O G E T H E R F O R M AT E R N A L A N D N E W B O R N H E A LT H
93
Focus On
94
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
UNICEF/ALBA000331/Giacomo Pirozzi
Strong public investment in the overall health system and unified national and international action
and commitment will lead to improved maternal and neonatal survival and health. A nurse
attends a newborn at a UNICEF-supported health centre for mothers and children, Albania.
W O R K I N G T O G E T H E R F O R M AT E R N A L A N D N E W B O R N H E A LT H
95
96
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
Figure 5.1
International
Health
Partnership
Global Health
Workforce
Alliance
Catalytic
Initiative to
Save a
Million Lives
Health
Metrics
Network
UN SG
MDG Africa
Initiative
GAVI
Health
Systems
Strengthening
Innovative
ResultsBased
Financing
Global Fund
National
Strategy
Applications
Providing for
Health
Initiative
Deliver Now
for Women
and Children
Harmonization
for Health
in Africa
W O R K I N G T O G E T H E R F O R M AT E R N A L A N D N E W B O R N H E A LT H
97
UNICEF/HQ07-0346/Christine Nesbitt
Deepening global
political commitments
and resources for better
health outcomes
Investing resources at both national and international levels to train and retain skilled staff is vital
to improving maternal and neonatal health. A measuring tape and a traditional fetal stethoscope lie
on an examining table in a maternity ward that offers antenatal and neonatal services, as well as
services to prevent mother-to-child transmission of the HIV virus, Nigeria.
Figure 5.2
3500
2,309
Total:
2,935
3000
Official development
assistance for maternal
and neonatal health
2,035
2500
2000
Total:
2,119
1,415
Total:
2,057
1,509
Official development
assistance for child health
1500
1,173
1000
901
704
548
500
2003
2004
2005
2006
Source: Greco, Giulia, et al., 'Countdown to 2015: Assessment of donor assistance to maternal,
newborn, and child health between 2003 and 2006', The Lancet, vol. 371, 12 April 2008, p. 1269.
98
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
Focus On
W O R K I N G T O G E T H E R F O R M AT E R N A L A N D N E W B O R N H E A LT H
99
UNICEF/HQ07-1493/Anita Khemka
Both community workers and trained medical staff have vital roles in ensuring the continuum
of care that runs from the home and the community right through to the clinic and the hospital. A community health volunteer gives a pregnant woman vitamin A, iron and folic acid supplements, during a home visit, Nepal.
Figure 5.3
Nutrition, PMTCT and child health have seen substantial rises in financing
Total ODA to maternal, newborn and
child-specific health projects, 2006: 1,680 million
PMTCT,
4 million (<1%)
Child health, 41 million (3%)
Nutrition,
113 million
(10%)
IMCI, 16
million (1%) Non-specified MNCH,
49 million (4%)
IMCI, 7 million
(<1%)
Nutrition,
223 million
(13%)
Maternal health/ Immunization,
safe motherhood, 552 million (47%)
417 million (35%)
Maternal health/
safe motherhood,
346 million (21%)
Non-specified MNCH,
467 million (28%)
Immunization,
477 million (28%)
All figures in
US$ (constant 2005)
100
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
Figure 5.4
Financing for maternal, newborn and child health from global health initiatives has
increased sharply in recent years
Total ODA for maternal, newborn and child health, 2003:
US$2,119 million
Global:
172 million
(8%)
Global:
505 million
(15%)
Bilateral:
1,296 million
(61%)
Bilateral:
1,880 million
(54%)
Multilateral:
651 million
(31%)
Multilateral:
1,096 million
(31%)
All figures in
US$ (constant 2005)
Source: Greco, Giulia, et al., 'Countdown to 2015: Assessment of donor assistance to maternal, newborn, and child health between 2003 and 2006',
The Lancet, vol. 371, 12 April 2008, p. 1269.
W O R K I N G T O G E T H E R F O R M AT E R N A L A N D N E W B O R N H E A LT H
101
102
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
Figure 5.5
Focal and partner agencies for each component of the continuum of maternal
and newborn care and related functions
Area
Focal agencies
Partners
Family planning
UNFPA, WHO
Antenatal care
UNICEF, WHO
WHO, UNFPA
UNFPA, UNICEF
WHO, UNFPA
Post-partum care
WHO, UNFPA
Newborn care
WHO, UNICEF
UNFPA
UNICEF
Gender/culture/male involvement
UNFPA, UNICEF
Gender-based violence
UNFPA, UNICEF
WHO
World Bank
UNFPA, UNICEF
Obstetric fistula
UNFPA
WHO
WHO
UNFPA
World Bank
World Bank
WHO
UNFPA, UNICEF
WHO, UNFPA
WHO
WHO
UNFPA, UNICEF
WHO, UNFPA, WB
UNICEF
Source: WHO-UNFPA-UNICEF-World Bank Joint Country Support for Accelerated Implementation of Maternal and Newborn Continuum of Care,
22 July 2008.
W O R K I N G T O G E T H E R F O R M AT E R N A L A N D N E W B O R N H E A LT H
103
104
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
W O R K I N G T O G E T H E R F O R M AT E R N A L A N D N E W B O R N H E A LT H
105
References
CHAPTER 1
1
12
13
14
15
16
Fishman, Steven M., et al., Childhood and maternal underweight, Chapter 2 in Comparative
Quantification of Health Risks: Global and regional
burden of disease attributable to selected major
risk factors, edited by Majid Ezzati et al., World
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Barlett, Linda A. et al., Where Giving Birth is a
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10
11
106
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18
19
20
21
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
CHAPTER 1 PANELS
Challenges in measuring maternal deaths
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Fund, United Nations Population Fund and the World
Bank, Maternal Mortality in 2005: Estimates developed by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, and the World Bank,
WHO, Geneva, 2007, pp. 110.
CHAPTER 2
1
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
10
Ibid., p. 5.
11
12
Ibid.
13
14
15
16
17
18
World Health Organization, Female genital mutilation and obstetric outcome: WHO collaborative
prospective study in six African countries, WHO,
Geneva, 2006, p. 6.
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107
35
36
37
38
CHAPTER 2 PANELS
Primary health care: 30 years since Alma-Ata
Chan, Margaret, Address to the 61st World
Health Assembly, WHO, Geneva, 19 May 2008;
International Declaration of Alma-Ata, 1978; United
Nations, Resolutions adopted by the General
Assembly during its Sixth Special Session, 9
April2 May 1974, Supplement No. 1 (A/9559),
pp. 35; Thieren, Michel, Background paper on
the concept of universal access, prepared for
the Technical Meeting for the Development of
a Framework for Universal Access to HIV/AIDS
Prevention, Treatment and Care in the Health
Sector, WHO, Geneva, 1820 October 2005;
Haines, Andy, Richard Horton and Zulfiqar Bhutta,
Primary Health Care Comes of Age: Looking forward to the 30th anniversary of Alma-Ata A call
for papers, The Lancet, vol. 370, no. 9591, 15
September 2007, pp. 911913.
Addressing the health worker shortage:
A critical action for improving maternal and
newborn health
World Health Organization, World Health Report
2006: Working together for health, WHO, Geneva,
2006, pp. 812, 24, 99101; Koblinsky, Marge, et al.,
Going to scale with professional skilled care, The
Lancet, vol. 368, no. 9544, pp. 13771386; Tawfik,
Linda, The impact of HIV/AIDS on the health workforce in developing countries, background paper for
the World Health Report 2006: Working together for
health, WHO, Geneva, 2006, p. 8; Physicians for
Human Rights, An Action Plan to Prevent Brain Drain:
Building Equitable Health Systems in Africa, PHR,
Boston, 2004; Shisana, Olive, et al., HIV/AIDS
Prevalence Among South African Health Workers,
South African Medical Journal, vol. 94, no. 10, 2004,
pp. 846850, cited in Freedman, Lynn P., et al., Child
Health and Maternal Health: Whos Got the Power?
Transforming health systems for women and
children, Task Force on Child Health and Maternal
Health, UN Millennium Project, UNDP, 2005, p. 122.
108
Ibid., p. 249.
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
CHAPTER 3
1
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Ibid.
31
32
33
CHAPTER 3 PANELS
Eliminating maternal and neonatal tetanus
World Health Organization, Weekly epidemiological
record, WHO, Geneva: nos. 20, 19 May 2006, pp.
198208; 81, 31 March 2006, pp. 120127; 44, 30
October 1987, pp. 332335; 82, 29 June 2007, pp.
237242; and 34, 22 August 2008, pp. 301307;
Roper, Martha H., Jos H. Vandelaer and Franois L.
Gasse, Maternal and neonatal tetanus, The Lancet,
vol. 370, no. 9603, 8 December 2007, pp.
19471959.
Midwifery in Afghanistan
World Health Organization, United Nations Childrens
Fund, United Nations Population Fund and the World
Bank, Maternal Mortality in 2005: Estimates developed by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and The World Bank,
WHO, Geneva, 2007, p. 23; United Nations Childrens
Fund, Progress for Children: A report card on maternal mortality, Number 7, UNICEF, New York,
September 2008, pp. 10, 43; UNICEF Regional Office
for South Asia, Maternal and Neonatal Health Review
in South Asia Region, 25 June 2008, pp. 6768;
Currie, Sheena, Pashtoon Azfar and Rebecca C.
Fowler, A bold new beginning for midwifery in
Afghanistan, Midwifery, vol. 23, no. 3, September
2007, pp. 226234; Afghan Ministry of Public Health,
Maternal Mortality in Afghanistan: Magnitude, causes, risk factors and preventability, Afghan Ministry
of Public Health, Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention and UNICEF, 6 November 2002, p. 4;
and information supplied by UNICEF Afghanistan.
Kangaroo mother care in Ghana
Whitelaw, A., and K. Sleath, Myth of the Marsupial
Mother: Home care of very low birthweight babies
in Bogota, Colombia, The Lancet, vol. 1, no. 8439,
25 May 1985, pp. 12061208; Pattinson, Robert C.,
et al., Implementation of Kangaroo Mother Care: A
randomized trial of two outreach strategies, Acta
Paediatrica, vol. 94, no. 7, 2005, pp. 924927; Bergh,
A.-M., and Robert C. Pattinson, Development of a
Conceptual Tool for the Implementation of Kangaroo
Mother Care, Acta Paediatrica, vol. 92, no. 6,
pp. 709714; and information supplied by
UNICEF Ghana.
HIV/malaria co-infection in pregnancy
Desai, Meghna, et al., Epidemiology and Burden
of Malaria in Pregnancy, The Lancet Infectious
Diseases, vol. 7, no. 2, February 2007, pp. 93104;
Ter Kuile, F.O., et al., The Burden of Co-infection
with HIV Type I and Malaria in Pregnant Women in
Sub-Saharan Africa, American Journal of Tropical
Medicine and Hygiene, vol. 71, supplement 2, 2004,
pp. 4154; World Health Organization, Malaria and
HIV Interactions and their Implications for Public
Health Policy, WHO, Geneva, 2005, pp. 1011;
United Nations Children Fund, Malaria and HIV
Factsheet, UNICEF Technical Note no. 6, February
2003, p. 2; World Health Organization, Technical
Expert Group Meeting on Intermittent Preventive
Treatment in pregnancy (IPTp), Geneva, 2008, p. 4;
World Health Organization, Assessment of the
Safety of Artemisinin Compounds in Pregnancy,
Geneva, 2003, p. 2.
The challenges faced by adolescent girls in
Liberia.
Information supplied by UNICEF Liberia.
CHAPTER 4
1
REFERENCES
109
10
11
12
13
14
110
15
16
Ibid.
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
CHAPTER 4 PANELS
Using critical link methodology in health-care
systems to prevent maternal deaths
Nez Urquiza, Rosa Mara, et al., Ms All de las
Cifras: Deteccin de eslabones crticos en los procesos de atencin para prevenir muertes maternas,
Gnero y Salud en Cifras, vol. 3, nos. 2/3,
MayDecember 2005, pp. 515.
New directions in maternal health
Starrs, Ann M., Delivering for Women, The Lancet,
vol. 370, no. 9595, 13 October 2007, p. 1285; World
Health Organization, United Nations Childrens Fund,
United Nations Population Fund and World Bank,
Maternal Mortality in 2005: Estimates developed by
WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and the World Bank, WHO,
Geneva, 2005; World Health Organization, World
Health Report 2005: Make every mother and child
count, WHO, Geneva, 2005; Braveman, Paula, and
Eleuther Tarimo, Social Inequalities in Health within
Countries: Not only an issue for affluent nations,
Social Science & Medicine, vol. 54, no. 11, 2002, pp.
16211635; Marmot, Michael, Social Determinants
of Health Inequalities, The Lancet, vol. 365, no.
9464, 19 March 2005, pp. 10991104; Hill, Kenneth,
et al., Estimates of Maternal Mortality Worldwide
between 1990 and 2005: An assessment of available
data, Obstetric Anesthesia Digest, vol. 28, no. 2,
June 2008, pp. 9495; Bryce, Jennifer, and J. H.
Requejo, Tracking Progress in Maternal, Newborn &
Child Survival: The 2008 report, Countdown to 2015,
United Nations Childrens Fund, New York, 2008;
Sedgh, Gilda, et al., Induced Abortion: Rates and
trends worldwide, The Lancet, vol. 370, no 9595,
13 October 2007, pp. 13381345; Glmezoglu, A.
Metin, et al., WHO Systematic Review of Maternal
Mortality and Morbidity: Methodological issues and
challenges, BMC Medical Research Methodology,
vol. 4, no. 16, 2004, p. 16; Filippi, V., et al., Health of
Women after Severe Obstetric Complications in
Burkina Faso: A longitudinal study, The Lancet, vol.
370, no. 9595, 13 October 2007, pp. 13291337;
Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., et al., What Works? Interventions
for maternal and child undernutrition and survival, The
Lancet, vol. 371, no. 9610, 2 February 2008, pp.
417440; Shankar, A.H., et al., Effect of Maternal
Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation on Fetal
Loss and Infant Death in Indonesia: A double-blind
cluster-randomized trial, The Lancet, vol. 371, no.
9608, 19 January 2008, pp. 215227; Campbell,
O.M., and W.J. Graham, Strategies for Reducing
Maternal Mortality: Getting on with what works,
The Lancet, vol. 368, no. 9543, 7 October 2006,
pp. 12841299; Villar, J., et al., World Health
Organization randomized trial of calcium supplementation among low calcium intake pregnant women,
American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, vol.
193, no. 6S2, February 2006, pp. 639649; Altman,
D., et al., Do women with pre-eclampsia, and their
babies, benefit from magnesium sulphate? The
Magpie Trial: A randomized placebo-controlled trial,
The Lancet, vol. 359, no. 9321, 1 June 2002, pp.
18771890; Althabe, Fernando, et al., A behavioral
intervention to improve obstetrical care, New
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2008, pp. 19291940; Villar, J., et al., WHO
REFERENCES
111
CHAPTER 5
1
112
10
CHAPTER 5 PANELS
Working together for maternal and newborn
health
World Health Organization: The Health of the People:
The African regional health report 2006, WHO
Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, 2006, p. 19;
The White Ribbon Alliance for Safe Motherhood,
Annual Report 2007; Graham, Wendy J., How Japan
Reduced Maternal Mortality in One Generation, brief
published by the Partnership for Maternal, Newborn
and Child Health, <www.who.int/pmnch/topics/
maternal/japanexample/en/print.html>, accessed 30
September 2008.
Key global partnerships for maternal and
newborn health
Information derived from partnerships websites,
accessed 30 August 2008.
Partnering for mothers and newborns in the
Central African Republic
Information supplied by UNICEF CAR.
UN agencies strengthen their collaboration in
support of maternal and newborn health
World Health Organization, Accelerating Efforts to
Save the Lives of Women and Newborns, joint statement on behalf of UNICEF, United Nations Population
Fund, the World Bank and WHO, 25 September
2008; WHO-UNFPA-UNICEF-World Bank Joint
Country Support for Accelerated Implementation of
Maternal and Newborn Continuum of Care,
<www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2008/
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
who_unfpa_unicef_joint_country_support.pdf>,
accessed 28 October 2008.
Enhancing health systems: The Health Metrics
Network
World Health Organization, Health Metrics Network,
Framework and Standards for Country Health
Information Systems, 2nd edition, WHO, Geneva,
2008, pp. 58; Health Metrics Network website,
<www.who.int/healthmetric/about/en>, accessed
30 September 2008.
STATISTICAL TABLES
Economic and social statistics on the countries and territories of the world, with
particular reference to childrens well-being.
TABLES
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
114
116
117
152
153
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
113
STATISTICAL TABLES
Economic and social statistics on the countries and territories of the world,
with particular reference to childrens well-being.
Mortality estimates
Each year, UNICEF includes in The State of the Worlds
Children mortality estimates, such as the infant mortality
rate, under-five mortality rate and under-five deaths, for at
least two reference years, if possible. These figures represent the best estimates available at the time the report is
produced and are based on the work of the Inter-agency
Group for Child Mortality Estimation, which includes
UNICEF, the World Health Organization (WHO), the World
Bank and the United Nations Population Division. This
group updates these estimates every year, undertaking a
detailed review of all newly available data points. At times,
this review will result in adjustments to previously reported estimates. Therefore, estimates published in consecutive editions of The State of the Worlds Children may
not be comparable and should not be used for analysing
114
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
mortality trends over time. It is important to note that comparable under-five mortality estimates for the periods 1970,
1990 and the latest year are available in Table 10. In addition, the full time series for all countries is published at
<www.childinfo.org> and <www.childmortality.org>, the
website of the Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality
Estimation. This time series is based on the most recent
estimates produced by the Inter-agency Group for Child
Mortality Estimation.
Revisions
The following revisions have been made to indicators included in this years statistical tables.
Table 1. Basic Indicators: Table 1 presents estimates of child
mortality as developed by the Inter-agency Group for Child
Mortality Estimation. Note that the neonatal mortality rates
for the year 2004, as presented in this table, are produced
by WHO and have not been formally assessed by the
Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation. These
S TAT I S T I C A L TA B L E S
115
STATISTICAL TABLES
Economic and social statistics on the countries and territories of the world,
with particular reference to childrens well-being.
Explanation of symbols
Because the aim of these statistical tables is to provide a broad picture of the situation of children and women worldwide,
detailed data qualifications and footnotes are seen as more appropriate for inclusion elsewhere. Sources and years for
specific data points included in the statistical tables are available at <www.childinfo.org>.
Symbols specific to a particular table are included in the table footnotes. The following symbols are common across all tables:
Data refer to years or periods other than those specified in the column heading, differ from the standard definition or
refer to only part of a country. Such data are not included in the calculation of regional and global averages.
Data refer to years or periods other than those specified in the column heading, differ from the standard definition or
refer to only part of a country. Such data are included in the calculation of regional and global averages.
Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified in the column heading.
Includes territories as well as countries within each category or regional group. Countries and territories in each country
category or regional group are listed on page 152.
116
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
262
257
209
206
198
196
191
189
181
180
176
172
170
168
161
158
150
148
142
133
130
127
127
125
123
121
119
119
116
115
114
112
111
109
109
103
100
99
97
91
91
91
90
90
84
84
76
73
72
70
70
70
68
67
66
65
63
61
60
59
57
55
55
54
50
44
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
22
24
25
26
27
27
29
30
31
32
33
34
34
36
37
38
39
40
40
40
43
43
45
45
47
48
49
50
50
50
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
62
64
65
66
Under-5
mortality
rate (2007)
Value Rank
Mongolia
Uzbekistan
Botswana
Micronesia (Federated States of)
Azerbaijan
Guatemala
Dominican Republic
Kyrgyzstan
Algeria
Tuvalu
Egypt
Mexico
Nicaragua
Trinidad and Tobago
Morocco
Vanuatu
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Cape Verde
Kazakhstan
Indonesia
Jamaica
Georgia
Maldives
Nauru
Lebanon
Paraguay
Suriname
Philippines
Occupied Palestinian Territory
Samoa
Belize
Saudi Arabia
Armenia
El Salvador
Honduras
Jordan
Ukraine
Panama
Tonga
Turkey
Brazil
China
Ecuador
Sri Lanka
Tunisia
Colombia
Peru
Grenada
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
Cook Islands
Fiji
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Moldova
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
Syrian Arab Republic
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Argentina
Albania
Mauritius
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Viet Nam
Bosnia and Herzegovina
43
41
40
40
39
39
38
38
37
37
36
35
35
35
34
34
33
32
32
31
31
30
30
30
29
29
29
28
27
27
25
25
24
24
24
24
24
23
23
23
22
22
22
21
21
20
20
19
19
19
18
18
18
18
18
18
17
17
16
15
15
15
15
15
15
14
67
68
69
69
71
71
73
73
75
75
77
78
78
78
81
81
83
84
84
86
86
88
88
88
91
91
91
94
95
95
97
97
99
99
99
99
99
104
104
104
107
107
107
110
110
112
112
114
114
114
117
117
117
117
117
117
123
123
125
126
126
126
126
126
126
132
Under-5
mortality
rate (2007)
Value Rank
Uruguay
Bahamas
Belarus
Seychelles
Barbados
Bulgaria
Oman
Antigua and Barbuda
Costa Rica
Dominica
Kuwait
Malaysia
Bahrain
Montenegro
Palau
Brunei Darussalam
Chile
Latvia
Lithuania
Serbia
Slovakia
United Arab Emirates
United States
Cuba
Hungary
Poland
Thailand
Australia
Canada
Croatia
Estonia
New Zealand
United Kingdom
Belgium
Cyprus
Israel
Republic of Korea
Malta
Netherlands
Switzerland
Austria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Monaco
Norway
Portugal
San Marino
Slovenia
Spain
Andorra
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Luxembourg
Singapore
Sweden
Holy See
Niue
14
13
13
13
12
12
12
11
11
11
11
11
10
10
10
9
9
9
8
8
8
8
8
7
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
S TAT I S T I C A L TA B L E S
132
134
134
134
137
137
137
140
140
140
140
140
145
145
145
148
148
148
151
151
151
151
151
156
156
156
156
160
160
160
160
160
160
166
166
166
166
166
166
166
173
173
173
173
173
173
173
173
173
173
173
173
173
173
173
173
189
189
189
189
189
189
117
Countries and
territories
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei Darussalam
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo
Cook Islands
Costa Rica
Cte dIvoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Democratic Peoples
Republic of Korea
Democratic Republic
of the Congo
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Fiji
Finland
118
Infant
mortality
rate
(under 1)
Annual
no. of
under-5
deaths
(thousands)
2007
2007
Neonatal
mortality
rate
2004
Total
population
(thousands)
2007
Annual
no. of
births
(thousands)
2007
168
37
54
5
150
25
48
8
8
78
22
15
105
15
20
9
35
111
91
89
18
45
49
10
15
112
113
87
85
7
45
113
120
18
36
28
88
67
26
16
104
11
11
9
10
165
13
33
3
116
10
15
22
5
4
34
12
9
47
11
12
4
22
78
56
48
13
33
20
8
10
104
108
70
87
5
24
113
124
8
19
17
49
79
16
10
89
5
5
3
3
60
9
22
2
54
8
10
18
3
3
35
5
4
36
8
3
2
17
36
30
24
10
46
13
4
7
32
41
48
30
3
9
52
42
5
18
13
25
30
10
8
64
5
4
2
2
27145
3190
33858
75
17024
85
39531
3002
20743
8361
8467
331
753
158665
294
9689
10457
288
9033
658
9525
3935
1882
191791
390
7639
14784
8508
14444
18549
32876
530
4343
10781
16635
1328630
46156
839
3768
13
4468
19262
4555
11268
855
10186
1314
52
704
0
810
0
693
37
256
77
134
6
13
3998
3
91
109
7
365
12
263
34
47
3706
8
68
654
399
382
649
340
15
158
492
250
17374
876
28
133
0
80
687
41
118
10
93
338
1
26
0
128
0
11
1
2
0
5
0
0
244
0
1
1
0
45
1
15
0
2
82
0
1
125
72
35
96
2
0
27
103
2
382
18
2
17
0
1
87
0
1
0
0
55
42
42
22
23790
317
17
161
4
127
11
38
22
36
24
206
70
6
119
18
4
127
7
116
14
53
43
68
47
103
88
14
122
19
6
108
4
84
9
31
20
30
21
124
46
4
75
16
3
47
3
45
10
18
13
17
12
47
21
4
41
10
2
62636
5442
833
67
9760
13341
75498
6857
507
4851
1335
83099
839
5277
3118
62
24
0
231
283
1840
158
20
191
14
3201
18
58
502
0
3
0
9
6
66
4
4
13
0
381
0
0
Under-5
mortality
rate
Under-5
mortality
rank
1990
2007
1990
2
126
75
189
16
140
125
99
160
173
71
134
145
58
137
134
166
97
25
45
61
132
69
107
148
137
7
10
40
18
160
84
12
3
148
107
112
55
24
117
140
22
160
156
166
173
260
46
69
6
258
29
56
9
9
98
29
19
151
17
24
10
43
184
148
125
22
57
58
11
18
206
189
119
139
8
60
171
201
21
45
35
120
104
32
18
151
13
13
11
12
257
15
37
3
158
11
16
24
6
4
39
13
10
61
12
13
5
25
123
84
57
14
40
22
9
12
191
180
91
148
6
32
172
209
9
22
20
66
125
18
11
127
6
7
5
4
62
55
15
173
22
140
73
107
77
99
4
50
160
27
117
173
200
9
175
18
66
57
93
60
170
147
18
204
22
7
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
Primary
Total
school net
adult
Life
enrolment/
expectancy literacy
GNI
attendance
rate
at birth
per capita
(%)
(%)
(years)
(US$)
20002007* 20002007*
2007
2007
250x
3290
3620
d
2560
11520
6050
2640
35960
42700
2550
15730x
19350
470
d
4220
40710
3800
570
1770
1260
3580
5840
5910
26930x
4590
430
110
540
1050
39420
2430
380
540
8350
2360
3250
680
1540
5560
910
10460
c
24940
14450
44
76
72
42
75
72
81
80
67
73
76
64
77
69
79
76
56
66
65
75
50
72
77
73
52
49
59
50
81
72
44
51
79
73
73
65
55
79
48
76
78
79
76
28
99
75
67
98
100
99
89
54
100
41
56
90
97
83
91
95
98
29
59
76
68
84
49
26
97
93
94
75
87
96
49
99
100
98
67
140
54910
1090
4250
3550
3080
1580
2850
12860
230
13200
220
3800
44400
46
78
55
72
75
71
72
51
58
71
53
69
79
67
89
93
72
86
87
100
36
% share
of household
income
19952005*
lowest highest
40%
20%
61
94
95
83
58s
99
99s
96
97
73s
88
98
81s
96
89
97
97
67s
70s
78s
91s
84
94
94
92
47
75
90
84s
100
88
59s
36s
99
89
73
86s
74
92
62s
90
97
99
93
21
19
11
21
18x
22
19
21
23
22
19
7
19
9x
9
22
18
15
17
15
20
7x
11
13
10
13
14
22
25
40
43
55
43
41x
38
45
43
37
41
45
63
43
65x
61
38
47
48
50
51
40
65x
60
52
61
53
51
38
36
52s
96
79s
77
78
97
96
94
61s
47
94
45s
91
97
23
12
11
22
10
19
22
24
36
55
58
42
56
43
39
37
TABLE 1
France
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Grenada
Guatemala
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Holy See
Honduras
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Iraq
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Lao Peoples Democratic
Republic
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mexico
Micronesia
(Federated States of)
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Montenegro
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nauru
Primary
Total
school net
adult
Life
enrolment/
expectancy literacy
GNI
attendance
rate
at birth
per capita
(%)
(%)
(years)
(US$)
20002007* 20002007*
2007
2007
% share
of household
income
19952005*
2007
Neonatal
mortality
rate
2004
Total
population
(thousands)
2007
Annual
no. of
births
(thousands)
2007
Annual
no. of
under-5
deaths
(thousands)
2007
7
60
104
41
7
76
9
30
60
137
142
64
105
45
15
5
83
60
54
42
8
10
8
28
5
33
51
64
65
13
62
4
60
82
27
4
73
4
15
29
93
118
45
57
20
6
2
54
25
29
36
4
4
3
26
3
21
28
80
46
9
34
2
31
44
25
3
43
3
11
19
39
47
22
32
17
5
1
39
17
19
63
4
3
3
10
1
16
32
34
25
7
30
61647
1331
1709
4395
82599
23478
11147
106
13354
9370
1695
738
9598
1
7106
10030
301
1169016
231627
71208
28993
4301
6928
58877
2714
127967
5924
15422
37538
95
2851
5317
758
34
60
48
678
703
103
2
449
377
84
13
270
200
93
4
27119
4386
1441
935
67
137
539
55
1070
154
297
1479
0
51
115
3
3
7
1
3
81
0
0
18
57
17
1
21
5
1
0
1953
136
48
41
0
1
2
2
4
4
10
179
0
1
4
38500
6670
320
2120
38860
590
29630
4670
2440
400
200
1300
560
1600
11570
54100
950
1650
3470
2170x
48140
21900
33540
3710
37670
2850
5060
680
1170
31640
590
81
57
59
71
79
60
79
69
70
56
46
66
61
70
73
82
64
70
71
59
79
81
81
72
83
72
67
53
78
66
86
65
97
73
30
65
62
83
99
66
91
85
74
99
86
93
100
74
94
99
99
94s
62
95s
98
72
100
84
94
51s
54s
96s
50s
79s
88
98
83s
96
94
89
95
97
99
97s
100
90
98s
76
97
84
92s
20
14
16
22
16
19
12
18
14x
11
22
19
18
17
20
16
19
15
25x
18
19
16
22
40
53
47
37
47
42
54
46
53x
63
58
39
45
47
45
42
45
42
52
36x
46
42
49
39
70
9
29
84
133
18
3
8
3
112
111
11
30
196
5
54
119
15
35
120
13
32
81
138
35
9
12
8
103
124
16
79
148
10
63
81
21
42
56
7
26
68
93
17
2
7
2
70
71
10
26
117
4
49
75
13
29
30
6
19
52
66
11
5
3
41
26
5
24
54
3
24
40
9
11
5859
2277
4099
2008
3750
6160
35
3390
467
19683
13925
26572
306
12337
407
59
3124
1262
106535
157
21
74
59
189
145
0
30
5
722
573
555
7
595
4
0
102
19
2088
11
0
2
5
25
3
0
0
0
81
64
6
0
117
0
0
12
0
73
580
9930
5770
1000
150
9010
d
9920
75880
320
250
6540
3200
500
15310
3070
840
5450
8340
64
73
72
42
45
74
73
79
59
48
74
68
54
79
64
73
76
73
100
82
56
87
100
71
72
92
97
23
92
56
87
92
84
90
82
85s
40
88
89
97
76s
91
100
97
61
91
66
57s
95
98
20
19
19
13
18
13
16
17
13
43
43
67
43
54
47
54
47
46
55
40
18
4
43
10
34
168
103
68
30
45
30
7
71
14
69
135
91
57
33
16
3
35
9
32
115
74
47
25
11
12
2
18
9
24
35
49
20
14
111
3794
33
2629
598
31224
21397
48798
2074
10
3
43
0
49
8
641
855
891
53
0
0
1
0
2
0
22
144
92
4
0
68
69
67
74
71
42
62
52
99
97
56
44
90
88
92
88
97s
97s
88
60s
84s
91s
60
20
20
17
15
4x
41
41
47
54
79x
Under-5
mortality
rate
Infant
mortality
rate
(under 1)
Under-5
mortality
rank
1990
2007
1990
173
40
34
88
173
30
173
114
71
17
5
59
47
99
156
189
49
86
83
66
173
166
173
86
173
99
84
26
57
140
73
9
92
153
47
9
120
11
37
82
231
240
88
152
58
17
7
117
91
72
53
9
12
10
33
6
40
60
97
88
15
74
4
91
109
30
4
115
4
19
39
150
198
60
76
24
7
3
72
31
33
44
4
5
4
31
4
24
32
121
63
11
38
50
148
91
45
20
117
189
151
189
32
33
140
88
6
166
64
27
126
78
163
17
37
102
205
41
10
16
9
168
209
22
111
250
11
92
130
24
52
69
117
173
67
145
81
14
36
53
88
58
37
9
98
16
89
201
130
87
2470
1260
d
1290
5180
2250
320
220x
3360
lowest highest
40%
20%
S TAT I S T I C A L TA B L E S
119
Under-5
mortality
rank
Nepal
62
Netherlands
166
New Zealand
160
Nicaragua
78
Niger
11
Nigeria
8
Niue
Norway
173
Occupied Palestinian Territory 95
Oman
137
Pakistan
43
Palau
145
Panama
104
Papua New Guinea
56
Paraguay
91
Peru
112
Philippines
94
Poland
156
Portugal
173
Qatar
126
Republic of Korea
166
Romania
126
Russian Federation
126
Rwanda
9
Saint Kitts and Nevis
117
Saint Lucia
117
Saint Vincent
and the Grenadines
114
Samoa
95
San Marino
173
Sao Tome and Principe
38
Saudi Arabia
97
Senegal
31
Serbia
151
Seychelles
134
Sierra Leone
1
Singapore
189
Slovakia
151
Slovenia
173
Solomon Islands
50
Somalia
19
South Africa
60
Spain
173
Sri Lanka
110
Sudan
34
Suriname
91
Swaziland
40
Sweden
189
Switzerland
166
Syrian Arab Republic
123
Tajikistan
54
Thailand
156
The former Yugoslav
Republic of Macedonia
123
Timor-Leste
39
Togo
37
Tonga
104
Trinidad and Tobago
78
Tunisia
110
Turkey
104
Turkmenistan
65
Tuvalu
75
Uganda
21
Ukraine
99
United Arab Emirates
151
120
Under-5
mortality
rate
Infant
mortality
rate
(under 1)
Annual
no. of
births
(thousands)
2007
Annual
no. of
under-5
deaths
(thousands)
2007
Primary
Total
school net
adult
Life
enrolment/
expectancy literacy
GNI
attendance
rate
at birth
per capita
(%)
(%)
(years)
(US$)
20002007* 20002007*
2007
2007
% share
of household
income
19952005*
1990
2007
1990
2007
Neonatal
mortality
rate
2004
142
8
11
68
304
230
9
38
32
132
21
34
94
41
78
62
17
15
26
9
32
27
195
36
21
55
5
6
35
176
189
4
27
12
90
10
23
65
29
20
28
7
4
15
5
15
15
181
18
18
99
7
9
52
143
120
7
33
25
102
18
27
69
34
58
43
15
11
20
8
25
23
117
30
16
43
4
5
28
83
97
3
24
11
73
9
18
50
24
17
23
6
3
12
4
13
13
109
16
14
32
3
3
16
41
47
16
2
5
53
13
11
32
12
11
15
5
3
4
4
10
7
48
11
11
28196
16419
4179
5603
14226
148093
2
4698
4017
2595
163902
20
3343
6331
6127
27903
87960
38082
10623
841
48224
21438
142499
9725
50
165
796
184
57
140
701
5959
0
56
145
58
4446
0
70
190
153
584
2295
360
112
14
448
211
1515
435
1
3
44
1
0
5
123
1126
0
4
1
400
0
2
12
4
12
64
3
0
0
2
3
23
79
0
0
340
45820
28780
980
280
930
76450
1230
11120
870
8210
5510
850
1670
3450
1620
9840
18950
12000x
19690
6150
7560
320
9630
5530
64
80
80
73
57
47
80
73
76
65
75
57
72
71
72
76
78
76
79
72
65
46
74
57
81
30
72
93
84
55
93
58
94
91
93
99
95
90
98
100
65
84s
98
99
90
38s
63
90
98
76
74
56s
96
99
94
96
91
96
98
94
98
93
91
86s
71
98
15
21
18
15
10
15
24
22
9
12
9
11
15
19
17
22
21
17
14
55
39
44
49
53
49
37
41
60
57
62
57
51
43
46
38
40
47
53
22
50
13
101
44
149
19
290
8
15
11
121
203
64
9
32
125
51
96
7
8
37
117
31
19
27
4
99
25
114
8
13
262
3
8
4
70
142
59
4
21
109
29
91
3
5
17
67
7
18
40
12
65
35
72
17
169
6
13
9
86
121
49
7
26
79
41
70
6
7
30
91
26
17
22
4
64
20
59
7
12
155
2
7
3
53
88
46
4
17
69
27
66
3
4
15
57
6
13
14
2
38
11
35
9
7
56
1
4
2
23
49
17
2
8
27
17
40
2
3
7
38
9
120
187
31
158
24735
12379
9858
87
5866
4436
5390
2002
496
8699
48577
44279
19299
38560
458
1141
9119
7484
19929
6736
63884
2
5
0
5
618
439
127
3
268
37
53
18
15
377
1092
476
292
1230
9
33
102
69
535
186
932
0
0
0
0
15
50
1
0
70
0
0
0
1
54
64
2
6
134
0
3
0
0
9
12
7
4210
2430
45130
870
15440
820
4730
8960
260
32470
11730
20960
730
140x
5760
29450
1540
960
4730
2580
46060
59880
1760
460
3400
71
71
65
73
63
74
42
80
75
78
63
48
50
81
72
58
70
40
81
82
74
67
70
99
88
85
43
92
38
94
100
88
97
92
61
90
80
83
100
94
90
90
98
58s
95
99
69s
92
95
62
22s
88
100
98
54s
96
84s
95
89
95
89s
94
17
21
17
14
24
21
10
19
18
13
23
20
20
16
48
38
47
49
35
40
62
42
48
56
37
41
42
49
38
184
150
32
34
52
82
99
53
175
25
15
17
97
100
23
35
21
23
50
37
130
24
8
33
138
89
26
30
41
67
81
42
106
22
13
15
77
65
19
31
18
21
45
30
82
20
7
9
29
39
12
10
13
16
37
21
30
7
4
2038
1155
6585
100
1333
10327
74877
4965
11
30884
46205
4380
22
48
245
3
20
173
1381
109
0
1445
419
71
0
5
25
0
1
4
32
5
0
188
10
1
3460
1510
360
2320
14100
3200
8020
b
340
2550
26210x
74
61
58
73
70
74
72
63
51
68
79
97
53
99
99
78
89
100
74
100
90
92
75s
80
96
98s
96
91
99s
100
82s
97s
88
17
17x
16
15
16
15
23
46
45x
47
50
48
53
37
Total
population
(thousands)
2007
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
lowest highest
40%
20%
TABLE 1
Annual
no. of
births
(thousands)
2007
Annual
no. of
under-5
deaths
(thousands)
2007
Primary
Total
school net
adult
Life
enrolment/
expectancy literacy
GNI
attendance
rate
at birth
per capita
(%)
(%)
(years)
(US$)
20002007* 20002007*
2007
2007
% share
of household
income
19952005*
1990
2007
1990
2007
Neonatal
mortality
rate
2004
160
29
151
132
68
81
9
157
11
25
74
62
6
116
8
14
41
34
8
96
9
21
61
48
5
73
7
12
36
28
3
35
4
7
26
18
60769
40454
305826
3340
27372
226
722
1600
4281
51
623
7
4
186
34
1
26
0
42740
400
46040
6380
730
1840
79
52
78
76
67
70
72
98
97
78
98
73s
92
100
100s
87
18
19
16
14
19
44
42
46
51
45
114
126
48
13
43
32
56
127
163
95
19
15
73
170
90
27
40
90
99
62
17
13
55
103
59
11
12
41
40
36
27657
87375
22389
11922
13349
597
1653
860
473
373
11
25
63
80
34
7320
790
870
800
340
74
74
62
42
43
93
90x
59
68x
91
91
95
75
57s
88
12
18
19
12
13
52
45
45
55
56
148
123
169
46
78
27
26
25
6
74
130
68
109
101
116
58
89
42
44
44
8
71
112
64
89
80
97
36
59
22
22
22
5
51
84
47
41
36
45
25
41
18
13
16
3
31
40
28
767218
378926
388292
389176
1567187
1984273
566646
405992
974913
5432837
804450
6655406
30323
14268
16056
9726
37986
29773
11381
5560
11021
122266
29076
135770
4480
1761
2719
445
2985
799
302
138
66
9109
3775
9216
965
1245
698
3666
889
2742
5628
5686
38579
2405
491
7952
50
50
50
69
64
72
73
68
79
67
55
68
62
65
60
75
63
93
91
97
79
57
81
64
68
60
86
80
97
93
93
96
83
65
85
13
12
16
18
19
16
11
20
20
15
15
19
54
58
48
45
46
46
56
42
40
50
50
42
Under-5
mortality
rank
United Kingdom
United Republic of Tanzania
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela
(Bolivarian Republic of)
Viet Nam
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Under-5
mortality
rate
Infant
mortality
rate
(under 1)
Total
population
(thousands)
2007
lowest highest
40%
20%
SUMMARY INDICATORS
Sub-Saharan Africa
Eastern and Southern Africa
West and Central Africa
Middle East and North Africa
South Asia
East Asia and Pacific
Latin America and Caribbean
CEE/CIS
Industrialized countries
Developing countries
Least developed countries
World
186
165
206
79
125
56
55
53
10
103
179
93
Also includes territories within each country category or regional group. Countries and territories in each country category or regional group are listed on page 152.
Under-five mortality rate Probability of dying between birth and exactly five years of age,
expressed per 1,000 live births.
Infant mortality rate Probability of dying between birth and exactly one year of age, expressed
per 1,000 live births.
Neonatal mortality rate Probability of dying during the first 28 completed days of life, expressed
per 1,000 live births.
GNI per capita Gross national income (GNI) is the sum of value added by all resident producers,
plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output, plus net receipts of
primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. GNI per capita is
gross national income divided by midyear population. GNI per capita in US dollars is converted
using the World Bank Atlas method.
Life expectancy at birth Number of years newborn children would live if subject to the mortality
risks prevailing for the cross section of population at the time of their birth.
Adult literacy rate Number of literate persons aged 15 and above, expressed as a percentage of
the total population in that age group.
Primary school net enrolment/attendance ratios Number of children enrolled in or attending
primary school, expressed as a percentage of the total number of children of primary school age.
The indicator is either the primary school net enrolment ratio or the primary school net attendance
ratio. In general, if both indicators are available, the primary school net enrolment ratio is
preferred unless the data for primary school attendance is considered to be of superior quality.
Definitions for both the primary school net enrolment ratio and the primary school net attendance
ratio are given in Table 5, p. 134.
Income share Percentage of income received by the 20 per cent of households with the highest
income and by the 40 per cent of households with the lowest income.
NOTES
Under-five and infant mortality rates UNICEF, World Health Organization, United Nations
Population Division and United Nations Statistics Division.
Neonatal mortality rate World Health Organization using vital registration systems and
household surveys.
Total population United Nations Population Division.
Births United Nations Population Division.
Under-five deaths UNICEF.
GNI per capita World Bank.
Life expectancy United Nations Population Division.
Adult literacy UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), including the Education for All 2000
Assessment.
School enrolment/attendance UIS, Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) and Demographic
and Health Surveys (DHS).
Household income World Bank.
S TAT I S T I C A L TA B L E S
121
TABLE 2. NUTRITION
% of under-fives (20002007*) suffering from:
% of children (20002007*) who are:
% of infants
with low
birthweight
20002007*
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei Darussalam
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo
Cook Islands
Costa Rica
Cte dIvoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Democratic Peoples
Republic of Korea
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
122
exclusively
breastfed
(< 6 months)
underweight
(WHO
ref. pop.)
breastfed with
complementary
food
(69 months)
still
breastfeeding
(2023 months)
moderate
& severe
underweight
(NCHS/WHO)
moderate
severe
& severe
wasting
(NCHS/
WHO)
stunting
(NCHS/
WHO)
moderate
& severe
moderate
& severe
Vitamin A
supplementation
coverage rate
(659 months)
2007
% of
households
consuming
full
at least one
iodized salt
dose (%) coverage (%) 20002007*
7
6
12
5
7
8
7
7
12
7x
8x
22
14
4
8x
8
15
15x
7
5
10
8
10x
10
16
11
14
11
6
13x
13
22
6
2
9
25
13
3
7
17
5
5
40
7
11
33
12
34x
37
10
43
54
18
34
7
45
60
21
57x
23
2
85k
51
47
21
19
19x
35x
4
23x
26
29
69
39
77
57
44
65x
52
38
72
74
29
57
30x
50
88
82
64
64x
55
77
32
65
34
78
47x
54
47
54
22
22
37
28
15
16
41x
89
27
57
46
10
11
17x
85
54
21
13x
47
65
15
32
45
21
12x
37
16
33y
6
3
26
2y
4
41
18
14x
5
1
11
4
32
35
28
16
24
6
5y
11
16
39y
8
4
31
4y
4
10
9x
46
6
23
19x
8
2
13
5
37
39
36
19
29
37
1y
7
7y
25
14
10x
5x
20
1x
4
12y
1
1
2x
1
5
3x
1
0
2
14
14
7
5
8
14
1y
0x
4
7y
7
3
1y
5
5x
16
1
7
3x
1
3
5
23
7
7
6
10
14
0y
1y
8
7
2x
7
1x
2
54y
22
11
45
4y
13
21
10x
36
18
38
40x
27
7
23
35
53
37
30
38
41
1y
11
12y
44
26
6x
34
1x
5
94
36
95
95
73
48
95
83
76
78
54
93
95
63
92
36
95w
94
73
48
73
83
76
78
54
0
79
28
60
61
35
90x
97
54
84
55
90x
55
96
90
62
66
88
100
34
98
73
49
0x
62
56
100x
94
92x
82
82
92x
84
90x
88
7
12
5
10
9
11
16x
14
7
13
14
4
20
65
36
4
40
38
24
24
52
49
31
82
23
36
77
67
76
43
54
37
64
18
15
23
37
43
62
18y
28
24
6
5
6y
35
33
23y
31
29
5
9
6
10y
19
40
38
8y
9
10
1
1
1
1y
4
12
11
7y
13
21
1
2
4
1y
7
13
11
37y
38
33
7
23
18
19y
39
38
47
95
79
95
87
20
51
88
95
79
94
87w
13
50
86
40
72
19
99x
78
62
33
68
20
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
TABLE 2
% of under-fives (20002007*) suffering from:
% of children (20002007*) who are:
% of infants
with low
birthweight
20002007*
Fiji
Finland
France
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Grenada
Guatemala
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Holy See
Honduras
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Iraq
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Lao Peoples Democratic Republic
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mexico
Micronesia (Federated States of)
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Montenegro
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nauru
10x
4
7x
14
20
5
7x
9
8x
9
12
12
24
13
25
10
9
4
28
9
7x
15
6x
8
6x
12
8
12
6
10
5x
7x
5
14
5
6
13
7x
4
8
17
14
9
22
19
6
12x
14
8
18
6
6
4
15
15
15
14
exclusively
breastfed
(< 6 months)
47x
6
41
11
54
39x
51
27
16
11
41
30
46
40
23
25
15
22
17
13
80x
12x
32
23
27
36
35
67
57
29x
10
38
63x
20
21
38x
60x
46
57
19
31
30
15
24
underweight
(WHO
ref. pop.)
breastfed with
complementary
food
(69 months)
still
breastfeeding
(2023 months)
moderate
& severe
62
44
35
58
67
41
35
42
87
69
57
75
68
51
36
66
39
84
26x
49
10
35
79
70
78
89
85
30
78
36x
18
57
35
66
80
66
72
9
53
20
56
47
71
61
31
35
48
77
59
58
36
24
11
16
57
9x
26
47
11
60
45
23x
64
72
12x
56
57
21x
65
13
15
65
67
28
8
16
2
13
18y
22
15
10
18
43
23
4
16
2
31
23
4x
36
15
27
5
2
9
20
underweight
(NCHS/WHO)
moderate
severe
& severe
12
20
2
18
23y
26
19
12
22
11
46
28
11x
8
4
4
20
13x
10x
3
37
4
20
26
5x
42
21
8
30
32
32
15x
5
15x
4
6
3
10
24
32
24
2
4
0
4y
7
4
2
6
9
2x
1
1
1
4
3x
0
9
4
8
1x
11
4
1
7
10
10
2x
1
1
2
6
7
5
wasting
(NCHS/
WHO)
stunting
(NCHS/
WHO)
moderate
& severe
moderate
& severe
3
6
2
2y
9
7
8
9
19
5x
5
2
4
6
11x
4
7
5
4
6
3x
13
4
13
13
13
14x
2
2
3
9
4
9
9
21
22
10
22
49y
35
41
14
24
25
38
15x
21
9
13
30
24x
14
40
11
38
39
15x
48
46
25
34
35
10x
13
21
5
18
41
32
24
Vitamin A
supplementation
coverage rate
(659 months)
2007
% of
households
consuming
full
at least one
iodized salt
dose (%) coverage (%) 20002007*
90
93
95
33
95
66
53
87
22
95
83
85
85
95
90
62
95
39
95
95
48
94
0
82
77
29
94
64
33
87
15
95
69
38
85
95
90
62
89
39
89
94
42
93
S TAT I S T I C A L TA B L E S
31x
36
7
87
32
40
51
1
80x
51
73
99
28
100x
88
92
91
76
75
92
91
90x
75
50
44
79
2
0x
91
60
83
71
21
54
60
63
123
TABLE 2. NUTRITION
% of under-fives (20002007*) suffering from:
% of children (20002007*) who are:
% of infants
with low
birthweight
20002007*
Nepal
Netherlands
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Niue
Norway
Occupied Palestinian Territory
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Qatar
Republic of Korea
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Samoa
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovakia
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Thailand
The former Yugoslav
Republic of Macedonia
Timor-Leste
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Tuvalu
Uganda
124
exclusively
breastfed
(< 6 months)
underweight
(WHO
ref. pop.)
breastfed with
complementary
food
(69 months)
still
breastfeeding
(2023 months)
moderate
& severe
underweight
(NCHS/WHO)
moderate
severe
& severe
wasting
(NCHS/
WHO)
stunting
(NCHS/
WHO)
moderate
& severe
moderate
& severe
Vitamin A
supplementation
coverage rate
(659 months)
2007
% of
households
consuming
full
at least one
iodized salt
dose (%) coverage (%) 20002007*
21
6
12
27
14
0
5
7
9
19x
9x
10
11x
9
10
20
6
8
10x
4
8
6
6
9
11
8
4x
8
11x
19
5
24
8
7
6
13x
15x
6x
22
31x
13
9
4x
6x
9
10
9
53
31
9
17
27
37
59x
25x
59x
22
63
34
12x
16
88
56x
60
31x
34
15
65
9
7
53
16
9
32
29
25
5
75
83
73
64
91
36
38x
74x
60
82
58
48x
41
69
60
60x
61
39
52
15
46
47
25
77
37
15
43
95
43
34
73
55
21x
66x
47
32
21x
77
18
30x
42
8
57
35
73
40
11
31
16
34
19
39
39
24
13x
31
6x
3
6
21
18
14
1
25
3
16x
32
10x
23y
7
5
9
14
7
45
7
44
29
3
18x
38
8x
4
5
28
6x
3
3x
23
9
14x
17
2
30
3
21x
36
12x
29y
41
10
7
10
17
9
10
1
15
9
0
1x
13
1x
0
1x
4
1
3x
3
0
8
0
12
2x
15
1
2
4
0
12
1
10
9
1
7x
13
1x
1
1
6
2x
2
4x
4
8
11x
8
3
9
2
11
3x
14y
16
5
2
9
7
4
43
17
50
38
10
10x
37
18x
14
30
30
8x
10
13x
45
23
20x
16
6
40
2
38
25x
14y
43
8
24
22
27
12
95
95
95
77
95
83
89
55
94
95
89
90
92
95
95
55
95
83
76
48
94
86
90
92
63
83x
97
46
97
86
61x
17
95x
94
91
45
74
35
88
100
37
41
73
45
1
62x
94
1
80
79
46
47
6
12
12
3
19
7
16x
4
5
14
37x
31
28
62x
13
47
21
11
60
8x
82
35
43
38
54
80
10x
35
44
22
22
24
37
54
22
16
2
49
26
6
4
4
11
20
0
15
7
1
1
1
2
2
25
14
4
2
1
6
9
54
24
4
12
12
15
32
57
95
64
50
64
94
60
25
28
97
64
87
96
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
TABLE 2
% of under-fives (20002007*) suffering from:
% of children (20002007*) who are:
% of infants
with low
birthweight
20002007*
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United Republic of Tanzania
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
Viet Nam
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
4
15x
8
10
8
8
5
6
9
7
32x
12
11
underweight
(WHO
ref. pop.)
underweight
(NCHS/WHO)
moderate
severe
& severe
wasting
(NCHS/
WHO)
stunting
(NCHS/
WHO)
moderate
& severe
moderate
& severe
Vitamin A
supplementation
coverage rate
(659 months)
2007
% of
households
consuming
full
at least one
iodized salt
dose (%) coverage (%) 20002007*
breastfed with
complementary
food
(69 months)
still
breastfeeding
(2023 months)
moderate
& severe
6
34x
41
54
26
50x
7x
17
61
22
49
52x
91
32
45
50x
70
93
79
11
29x
55
31
38
31x
23
42
17
1y
42
15
12
1y
14x
22
2y
5
5
5
20
46
19
17
0y
3x
4
0y
1
1
5
15
3
3
0y
15x
3
0y
2
3
4
8
12
5
6
3y
17x
38
1y
11
15
12
36
53
39
29
93
84
95
47
95
83
93
84
95w
47w
95
83
18
43
53
90x
93
30
77
91
31
40
23
26
44
43
20
39
37
38
68
71
65
57
53
45
41
55
64
55
51
56
47
36
75
27
23
51
64
50
24
23
24
11
41
11
5
24
30
23
28
28
28
17
45
14
6
5
26
34
25
8
7
9
5
9
7
10
8
18
2
2
11
11
11
38
40
36
26
38
16
16
12
30
40
28
77
73
81
64
86
72
84
72
67
68
67
50
86**
62**
82
62**
64
56
72
60
51
86
83
50
70
55
68
exclusively
breastfed
(< 6 months)
SUMMARY INDICATORS
Sub-Saharan Africa
Eastern and Southern Africa
West and Central Africa
Middle East and North Africa
South Asia
East Asia and Pacific
Latin America and Caribbean
CEE/CIS
Industrialized countries
Developing countries
Least developed countries
World
15
14
15
12
27
6
9
6
7
15
17
14
Also includes territories within each country category or regional group. Countries and territories in each country category or regional group are listed on page 152.
NOTES
The percentage of children reached with two doses in 2007 is reported as the lower percentage of two coverage points. 0 (zero) indicates that only one dose was delivered in 2007.
* Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified in the column heading.
** Excludes China.
S TAT I S T I C A L TA B L E S
125
TABLE 3. HEALTH
% of population
using improved
drinking-water
sources
2006
% of population
using improved
sanitation facilities
2006
% of routine
EPI
vaccines
financed by
government
2007
total
% underfives with
suspected % underpneumonia fives with
%
1-year-old children immunized against:
taken to an suspected
newappropriate pneumonia
TB
DPT
Polio Measles HepB Hib
borns
health-care receiving
protected provider antibiotics
corresponding vaccines:
against
20002007*
BCG DPT1 DPT3 polio3 measles HepB3 Hib3 tetanus
20002007*
%
underfives
sleeping
under a
mosquito
net
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei Darussalam
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo
Cook Islands
Costa Rica
Cte dIvoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Democratic Peoples
Republic of Korea
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Fiji
Finland
22
97
85
100
51
96
98
100
100
78
80
100
100
65
81
86
99
96
91
99
72
71
65
70
100
66
48
95
88
93
85
71
95
98
81
99
91
100
100
37
97
87
100
62
95
98
99
100
100
95
98
100
85
100
100
100
100
78
98
96
100
100
97
100
97
84
80
88
100
90
71
98
98
99
91
95
98
99
98
100
95
100
100
30
97
94
100
50
91
91
100
100
80
100
36
99
93
30
52
43
95
47
77
99
13
41
28
51
100
31
9
94
65
78
35
20
100
96
24
99
98
100
99
25
97
87
100
16
83
81
100
100
70
100
32
100
97
11
50
22
92
30
37
96
6
41
19
42
99
25
4
74
59
58
26
21
100
95
12
98
95
100
98
0
100
100
18
33
88
72
100
100
60
100
100
11
0
100
95
100
100
23
17
40
90
1
80
100
0
100
100
31
100
99
36
100
77
98
99
88
99
94
98
97
98
99
88
94
93
98
99
99
96
98
99
84
90
81
86
74
40
98
94
93
77
86
99
91
94
99
99
99
93
98
98
98
99
99
94
96
97
95
97
99
97
97
93
99
99
98
84
92
94
96
98
98
99
96
99
86
87
90
97
83
65
45
95
94
97
79
80
99
90
93
98
97
99
98
83
98
95
96
83
99
96
88
92
85
95
95
97
90
93
95
99
96
67
95
81
95
97
98
99
95
99
74
82
82
94
81
54
20
94
93
93
75
80
99
89
76
96
93
97
99
83
99
95
96
83
98
94
90
92
85
97
95
97
96
93
90
99
97
64
93
79
95
97
99
99
95
99
64
82
81
90
81
47
36
94
94
93
75
80
99
89
75
96
99
97
99
70
97
92
94
88
99
99
92
94
79
97
96
99
88
75
99
92
96
61
95
81
96
90
99
97
96
94
75
79
74
94
74
62
23
91
94
95
65
67
98
90
67
96
99
87
97
83
98
90
91
83
97
92
85
94
85
97
93
97
90
93
91
94
96
67
95
81
94
85
95
99
95
99
74
82
82
14
79
94
92
93
75
80
99
89
76
95
93
93
99
95
83
99
96
94
85
95
97
93
98
96
67
81
95
98
99
99
74
94
94
93
88
96
97
90
99
73
87
70
81
93
66
91
85
93
86
71
78
93
65
80
78
87
81
77
54
60
78
89
90
76
28
45
53
58
36
36
30
90
71
36
52
91
14
46x
39
38
48
35
51
32
12
62
49
48
35
38
59
11
22
67
44
73
15x
15
26
38
39
19
48
50
24
32
59
45
49
54
42
54
53
7
28x
42
23
50
22
47
27
39
31
39
45
21
12x
47
18
13
88
27
33
27x
24x
36x
68
17
18
1x
20
10
8
4
13
15
1x
9x
6
29
1x
54
48
30
0
58
57
53x
63x
48
36
100
46
100
92
95
95
98
84
43
60
100
42
47
100
100 100
82 29
100 100
98 54
100
97 91
98 91
99 98
94 68
45 42
74 57
100 99
96 31
43 51
100 100
31 42 25
100 100 100
67 76 11
79 81 74
84 91 72
66 85 52
86 90 80
51 60 46
5 14
3
95 96 94
11 27
8
71 87 55
100 100 100
0
100
0
100
100
100
100
100
0
100
100
96
94
90
90
92
99
98
93
73
99
98
72
90
97
93
95
97
92
93
87
99
98
98
65
99
98
81
82
99
92
87
75
88
96
79
99
98
96
33
97
95
73
83
99
99
87
75
88
93
83
99
98
96
39
96
95
71
84
97
99
79
89
74
96
96
99
97
98
51
95
96
65
81
98
92
87
25
93
70
99
98
96
97
95
73
84
75
25
93
59
99
96
95
73
83
97
91
81
77
85
67
85
87
62
80
85
94
93
42
62
64
63
62
44
19
43
17
33
42
27
36
54
15
19
15x
12x
35
1x
4x
33
30
10
49x
4x
10
126
17
97
81
100
39
80
96
100
100
59
78
100
99
57
79
69
98
90
58
97
66
70
61
47
99
51
40
72
81
77
81
35
88
96
66
98
78
100
100
45
98
98
100
79
98
92
96
100
100
90
100
100
48
99
91
59
71
54
99
60
84
100
41
44
62
58
100
40
23
97
74
85
49
19
100
96
38
99
99
100
100
Immunization 2007
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
% underfives with
diarrhoea
receiving
oral rehydration and
continued
feeding
Malaria 20032007*
% under- % underfives fives with
sleeping
fever
under a receiving
treated
antimosquito malarial
net
drugs
TABLE 3
France
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Grenada
Guatemala
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Holy See
Honduras
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Iraq
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Lao Peoples Democratic Republic
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mexico
Micronesia (Federated States of)
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Montenegro
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nauru
% of population
using improved
drinking-water
sources
2006
% of population
using improved
sanitation facilities
2006
% of routine
EPI
vaccines
financed by
government
2007
total
% underfives with
suspected % underpneumonia fives with
%
1-year-old children immunized against:
taken to an suspected
newappropriate pneumonia
TB
DPT
Polio Measles HepB Hib
borns
health-care receiving
protected provider antibiotics
corresponding vaccines:
against
20002007*
BCG DPT1 DPT3 polio3 measles HepB3 Hib3 tetanus
100
87
86
99
100
80
100
96
70
57
93
58
84
100
100
89
80
77
100
93
100
98
96
57
65
89
60
99
100
78
64
100
47
76
99
83
60
100
60
100
95
94
90
72
98
83
42
80
93
36
52
93
100
10
98
97
84
19
33
81
19
66
100
100
28
52
76
83
100
85
97
42
33
93
48
78
36
32
97
100
12
60
94
59
45
24
94
81
25
79
50
91
72
31
82
35
10
100
8
43
54
100
70
0
100
0
100
100
100
92
100
100
100
100
100
50
13
100
100
1
1
100
100
100
26
33
100
100
80
3
100
100
19
100
100
100
100
84
89
95
96
99
88
97
91
89
97
75
91
99
85
91
99
92
93
87
90
99
92
90
98
56
99
96
86
99
99
94
95
99
99
77
92
92
98
99
82
98
90
99
98
96
87
89
95
99
100
95
91
100
100
90
100
97
99
91
82
98
70
95
100
100
96
89
99
88
100
100
100
97
100
99
99
85
77
99
86
100
100
93
72
100
76
96
100
98
86
100
70
100
98
95
96
100
90
100
100
71
80
99
100
47
81
97
100
71
99
94
59
47
91
51
74
100
100
86
71
56
100
88
100
91
91
49
53
83
53
96
100
74
52
100
36
72
96
76
48
100
54
100
85
94
85
48
96
58
26
80
90
37
50
94
100
15
99
96
90
33
48
85
29
78
100
100
52
67
80
100
82
100
88
97
19
46
94
87
82
100
43
49
97
100
18
51
95
100
59
100
44
95
91
61
85
100
64
96
85
53
85
66
30
55
92
100
6
97
97
79
12
26
80
12
55
100
100
18
37
69
84
100
71
98
48
20
93
38
71
34
7
96
100
10
62
93
42
39
10
94
48
14
73
31
86
54
19
81
18
Immunization 2007
98
69
90
99
98
96
96
91
94
96
83
96
83
95
99
97
81
91
99
84
97
98
98
85
99
99
97
89
99
99
98
59
98
90
95
99
98
99
99
92
96
88
99
83
84
99
92
97
99
92
95
99
95
98
98
88
89
88
99
98
38
90
98
97
94
88
99
82
75
63
94
53
86
99
97
62
75
99
62
92
96
96
85
98
98
93
81
94
99
94
50
98
74
83
88
98
95
99
82
87
96
98
68
74
93
75
97
98
79
92
99
95
92
95
72
86
86
99
98
31
85
88
97
94
87
99
82
62
64
94
52
86
99
97
62
83
98
66
92
95
96
85
95
98
94
76
93
99
94
46
98
74
80
84
98
95
99
81
88
96
98
62
76
91
75
96
98
79
94
99
99
92
95
70
84
81
99
87
55
85
97
94
95
88
98
93
71
76
96
58
89
99
95
67
80
97
69
87
97
87
76
98
95
99
80
93
99
99
40
97
53
85
95
98
97
96
81
83
90
97
68
79
94
67
98
96
92
96
99
98
90
95
77
81
69
99
29
38
90
94
87
94
88
99
82
83
94
86
6
74
97
58
99
96
85
98
94
81
96
99
94
50
97
74
85
98
96
87
82
87
87
98
68
82
93
74
97
98
90
95
99
98
90
95
72
85
99
87
90
94
94
88
99
82
94
86
99
97
92
95
95
85
98
81
99
97
74
56
95
99
87
89
44
72
83
96
98
79
99
78
89
90
67
90
88
80
95
92
91
43
94
86
83
83
69
54
87
74
83
47
76
89
72
86
89
94
89
60
86
87
85
82
91
82
48
69
74
34
64
42
57
64
31
56
69
61
93
82
75
75
71
49
62
36
74
59
70
48
52
22
38
45
60
63
89
38
55
66
72
61
56
33
42
20
3
54
13
82
52
87
32
45
30
24
71
57
14
% underfives with
diarrhoea
receiving
oral rehydration and
continued
feeding
Malaria 20032007*
20002007*
%
underfives
sleeping
under a
mosquito
net
44
38
37
29
22x
38
25
40
43
49
33
56
64
39
44
48
33
22
37
53
47
27
38
48
47
64
46
47
65
39
63
33
6x
12
73
32x
7x
15
82x
30x
31
41
43
10
12
49
22
1x
1
39
0x
0x
18x
0x
25
27
11
S TAT I S T I C A L TA B L E S
63
61
44
46
8
1x
1x
27
9x
59
34x
25
32
21
15
10
127
TABLE 3. HEALTH
Nepal
Netherlands
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Niue
Norway
Occupied Palestinian Territory
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Qatar
Republic of Korea
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Samoa
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovakia
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Thailand
The former Yugoslav
Republic of Macedonia
Timor-Leste
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Tuvalu
Uganda
128
% of population
using improved
drinking-water
sources
2006
% of population
using improved
sanitation facilities
2006
% of routine
EPI
vaccines
financed by
government
2007
total
% underfives with
suspected % underpneumonia fives with
%
1-year-old children immunized against:
taken to an suspected
newappropriate pneumonia
TB
DPT
Polio Measles HepB Hib
borns
health-care receiving
protected provider antibiotics
corresponding vaccines:
against
20002007*
BCG DPT1 DPT3 polio3 measles HepB3 Hib3 tetanus
20002007*
%
underfives
sleeping
under a
mosquito
net
89
100
79
42
47
100
100
89
90
89
92
40
77
84
93
99
100
88
97
65
99
98
88
86
77
99
53
100
70
29
93
100
82
70
92
60
100
100
89
67
98
88
100
63
32
30
100
100
88
87
94
81
32
52
63
88
100
100
76
88
61
99
98
87
83
65
98
32
100
65
10
82
100
79
64
79
51
100
100
83
58
97
27
100
48
7
30
100
80
58
67
74
45
70
72
78
99
100
72
87
23
96
100
24
28
92
11
100
32
23
59
100
86
35
82
50
100
100
92
92
96
45
100
57
27
35
100
84
97
90
96
78
67
89
85
81
99
100
88
93
34
96
100
29
100
54
96
20
100
100
98
51
66
100
89
50
89
64
100
100
96
95
95
24
100
34
3
25
100
69
40
52
63
41
42
36
72
98
100
54
70
20
96
96
100
18
9
88
100
5
99
18
7
49
100
86
24
60
46
100
100
88
91
96
29
100
49
0
60
31
0
100
100
24
100
100
50
100
31
100
100
0
100
60
0
100
100
31
0
100
100
5
100
10
89
99
64
69
99
99
99
89
99
67
68
97
90
93
98
96
96
99
96
89
97
99
99
91
98
96
99
98
99
82
98
98
84
52
99
99
83
99
18
99
83
99
85
98
91
94
58
72
99
97
99
99
90
99
99
76
86
95
90
99
94
96
95
98
98
96
99
99
99
85
92
99
97
99
97
99
77
97
99
98
84
58
99
98
99
95
96
97
99
97
99
88
99
82
96
88
87
39
54
99
93
99
99
83
94
88
60
66
80
87
99
97
94
91
97
98
97
99
99
99
71
92
97
96
94
94
99
64
96
99
97
79
39
97
96
98
84
84
95
99
93
99
86
98
82
96
88
88
55
61
99
93
99
97
83
94
88
61
65
95
87
99
96
97
91
96
99
98
99
99
99
71
92
98
96
93
93
99
64
96
99
98
77
39
97
96
98
84
84
95
99
94
99
85
98
81
96
79
99
47
62
99
92
99
97
80
91
89
58
80
99
92
98
95
92
92
97
99
99
99
94
99
63
92
86
96
84
95
99
67
95
99
96
78
34
83
97
98
79
85
91
96
86
98
85
96
82
88
87
41
99
99
99
83
91
88
59
66
80
88
98
97
94
91
99
98
97
99
99
99
69
92
99
96
94
99
99
64
95
99
79
97
96
98
78
84
95
4
98
84
96
96
78
87
99
95
99
99
95
88
66
80
88
97
94
96
99
99
99
92
96
94
89
64
99
98
97
96
84
99
92
99
83
94
72
53
95
81
60
81
82
65
82
86
94
84
68
72
91
72
93
86
92
89
43
57
47
33
65
69
75x
51x
67
55
28
47
47
93
48
13
75x
58
57
74
73
77
64
84
25
50
29x
57
21
32
37
24
71
41
65
37
49
34
28
37
57
76
24
63
43
71
31
7
37x
38
28
22
34
22
46
15
6
16
53
28
20
18
62
23x
7
1
13
42
16
11
3
0x
2x
33
34
12
25
22
52
0
50x
100 100 99
62 77 56
59 86 40
100 100 100
94 97 93
94 99 84
97 98 95
93 94 92
64 90 60
89
41
12
96
92
85
88
89
33
92
64
24
98
92
96
96
93
29
81
32
3
96
92
64
72
84
34
100
97
56
100
100
77
10
15
95
74
91
99
99
94
99
99
90
98
76
94
99
90
99
98
99
99
90
95
70
88
99
88
98
96
98
97
64
96
70
78
99
90
98
96
98
97
59
96
63
80
99
91
98
96
99
95
68
96
99
89
98
96
98
97
68
99
88
76
68
59
82
96
69
85
93
24
23
74
43
41
83
73
74
26
34
50
47
45
22
32
19x
25
39
48x
41
22
8x
38
10
47x
48
61
94
100
100
90
91
65
100
100
90
95
79
96
88
94
92
96
100
99
100
97
99
100
82
99
98
90
88
97
93
99
100
83
100
100
94
63
100
100
98
78
97
87
100
100
95
93
99
Immunization 2007
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
% underfives with
diarrhoea
receiving
oral rehydration and
continued
feeding
Malaria 20032007*
% under- % underfives fives with
sleeping
fever
under a receiving
treated
antimosquito malarial
net
drugs
TABLE 3
% of population
using improved
drinking-water
sources
2006
% of population
using improved
sanitation facilities
2006
% of routine
EPI
vaccines
financed by
government
2007
total
% underfives with
suspected % underpneumonia fives with
%
1-year-old children immunized against:
taken to an suspected
newappropriate pneumonia
TB
DPT
Polio Measles HepB Hib
borns
health-care receiving
protected provider antibiotics
corresponding vaccines:
against
20002007*
BCG DPT1 DPT3 polio3 measles HepB3 Hib3 tetanus
20002007*
%
underfives
sleeping
under a
mosquito
net
93 97
97 98
33 31
100 100
100 100
96 97
65 88
46 88
52 55
46 63
83
95
34
99
99
95
56
30
51
37
100
75
100
64
100
87
31
24
0
97
98
89
99
99
82
83
94
64
92
76
98
97
97
89
99
98
94
79
78
92
94
92
77
98
92
92
83
96
94
96
76
71
92
87
80
62
99
94
92
88
92
94
98
76
73
92
87
77
66
98
92
86
90
93
96
99
65
55
83
74
85
66
96
92
83
92
94
98
76
71
67
87
80
62
11
92
92
94
94
71
87
80
88
88
51
86
52
89
78
59
68
72
83
68
25
56
55
38
53
28
51
65
48
48
47
31
95
34
7
16
29
3
58
38
5
30 42
34 48
27 37
73 87
33 57
66 75
79 86
89 94
100 100
53 71
33 49
62 79
24
28
20
53
23
59
52
81
99
39
27
45
31
32
30
81
83
81
70
28
71
83
86
80
92
87
93
96
96
89
85
89
85
88
82
96
84
93
95
97
98
89
89
90
73
78
69
91
69
89
92
96
96
80
79
81
74
77
71
92
69
91
93
97
94
81
79
82
73
77
69
89
71
90
93
97
93
81
76
82
67
77
58
89
29
87
89
96
65
65
75
65
34
55
16
32
2
90
23
84
21
28
26
76
81
71
77
85
83
81
81
81
40
45
37
68
63
65**
57
57**
42
57**
18
31
33
29
39
35
61**
38**
37
38**
21
24
18
12
19
8
34
29
38
Ukraine
97 97 97
United Arab Emirates
100 100 100
United Kingdom
100 100 100
United Republic of Tanzania
55 81 46
United States
99 100 94
Uruguay
100 100 100
Uzbekistan
88 98 82
Vanuatu
Viet Nam
92 98 90
Yemen
66 68 65
Zambia
58 90 41
Zimbabwe
81 98 72
Immunization 2007
% underfives with
diarrhoea
receiving
oral rehydration and
continued
feeding
Malaria 20032007*
% under- % underfives fives with
sleeping
fever
under a receiving
treated
antimosquito malarial
net
drugs
SUMMARY INDICATORS
Sub-Saharan Africa
Eastern and Southern Africa
West and Central Africa
Middle East and North Africa
South Asia
East Asia and Pacific
Latin America and Caribbean
CEE/CIS
Industrialized countries
Developing countries
Least developed countries
World
58 81
59 88
56 77
87 94
87 94
88 96
92 97
94 99
100 100
84 94
62 81
87 96
45
48
41
78
84
81
73
86
98
76
55
78
Also includes territories within each country category or regional group. Countries and territories in each country category or regional group are listed on page 152.
NOTES
*
**
S TAT I S T I C A L TA B L E S
129
TABLE 4. HIV/AIDS
Prevention among young people
Orphans
Paediatric
infections
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei Darussalam
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo
Cook Islands
Costa Rica
Cte dIvoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Democratic Peoples
Republic of Korea
Democratic Republic
of the Congo
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Fiji
Finland
130
0.1
2.1
0.5
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
3.0
1.2
0.2
0.2
2.1
1.2
0.1
0.2
<0.1
23.9
0.6
1.6
2.0
0.8
5.1
0.4
6.3
3.5
0.3
0.1
0.6
<0.1
3.5
0.4
3.9
<0.1
0.1
21
190
120
2.4
18
9.8
7.8
6.2
12
2.2
13
15
3.6
64
<0.5
8.1
<0.5
300
730
130
110
75
540
73
160
200
31
700
170
<0.2
79
9.7
480
<0.5
6.2
1.5
0.2
3.1
1.1
0.3
0.8
3.4
1.3
1.3
2.1
0.1
0.1
4.8
16
62
26
9.2
35
11
38
9.9
980
2.4
<1.0
1143
150240
90150
1.83.5
1136
7.613
4.716
4.08.7
7.719
1.53.2
1019
8.929
2.25.3
5873
<1.0
6.511
<1.0
280310
600890
110160
78130
6784
430640
43110
150170
130240
2339
4501000
110230
<1.0
6594
6.115
400550
<1.0
3.612
<1.02.8
<0.1
400500
3.76.9
1219
5271
1540
7.213
2472
8.214
2558
5.419
8801100
<0.5
1.44.4
Mother-to-child
transmission
Estimated number of
women (aged 15+)
living with HIV, 2007
(thousands)
Estimated
number of
children
(aged 014)
living with
HIV, 2007
(thousands)
HIV prevalence
among young
people
(aged 1524),
2007
% who
have
comprehensive
knowledge
of HIV,
20022007*
male
female
6.0
110
32
<1.0
1.2
2.9
1.3
1.6
2.0
<1.0
3.9
4.1
2.0
37
<0.1
2.2
170
240
61
53
20
300
20
91
110
8.7
200
47
<0.1
43
2.7
250
1.8
<0.5
17
<0.2
<0.2
5.4
15
10
15
4.4
45
14
19
6.6
52
0.1
0.2
0.6
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
3.2
1.3
0.3
0.2
0.5
0.3
0.1
0.2
5.1
1.0
0.5
0.4
0.8
1.2
0.4
1.1
2.0
0.3
0.1
0.7
0.1
0.8
0.4
0.8
0.1
<0.1
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.1
<0.1
0.1
0.1
1.5
0.6
0.1
0.1
1.5
0.9
<0.1
0.1
15.3
0.6
0.9
1.3
0.3
4.3
0.2
5.5
2.8
0.2
0.1
0.3
<0.1
2.3
0.2
2.4
0.1
1.1
8.7
30
7.1
2.6
9.7
5.9
21
2.4
530
<1.0
1.1
2.7
<1.0
3.1
92
0.2
0.7
0.3
0.4
0.9
0.8
0.3
1.6
0.5
0.1
0.1
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
% who
used
condom
at last
higher-risk
sex,
20022007*
Orphan
school
attendance
ratio
estimate
(thousands)
20022007*
estimate
(thousands)
15
35
18
33x
15
45
36
27
20
35
28
6
13
23
16
34
40
16
15
48
40x
17
19
30
50
32
36
17
8
10x
26
18
52
86
31
45
37
88x
71
70
84
79
25
36
53
28
20
71
75x
58
57
64
25
62
56
41
17
36
16
39
2100
570
50
1200
610
50
140
52
190
5000
190
78
6
29
340
22
300
95
130
3200
95
100
690
120
600
600
300
1100
180
72
280
85
540
160
17000
790
<0.1
27
69
210
36
420
1200
99
94
90x
84
90
74p
99x
61p
85
83
91
96
105
85
88
83
530
0.1
2.1
0.6
0.2
0.5
2.5
0.9
0.7
1.5
<0.1
21
34
33
15
18
41
4y
4x
37
20
26
51
70
50
17
26
44
28
5
18
650
4500
53
42
170
200
1400
130
32
280
20
5000
22
48
77
96
95x
83
90
TABLE 4
Prevention among young people
Orphans
Paediatric
infections
Estimated Estimated number of people
adult HIV
(all ages) living with HIV,
prevalence
2007 (thousands)
rate
(aged 1549),
low
high
2007
estimate estimate estimate
France
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Grenada
Guatemala
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Holy See
Honduras
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Iraq
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Lao Peoples
Democratic Republic
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mexico
Micronesia
(Federated States of)
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Montenegro
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nauru
Nepal
Netherlands
Mother-to-child
transmission
Estimated number of
women (aged 15+)
living with HIV, 2007
(thousands)
Estimated
number of
children
(aged 014)
living with
HIV, 2007
(thousands)
HIV prevalence
among young
people
(aged 1524),
2007
% who
have
comprehensive
knowledge
of HIV,
20022007*
male
female
% who
used
condom
at last
higher-risk
sex,
20022007*
Orphan
school
attendance
ratio
estimate
(thousands)
20022007*
0.4
5.9
0.9
0.1
0.1
1.9
0.2
0.8
1.6
1.8
2.5
2.2
0.7
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.4
1.6
0.1
0.1
140
49
8.2
2.7
53
260
11
59
87
16
13
120
28
3.3
<0.5
2400
270
86
5.5
5.1
150
27
9.6
<1.0
12
<1.0
4.2
78240
3768
3.713
1.56.1
3197
230290
6.119
4184
73110
1123
7.618
100140
1844
2.05.9
<1.0
18003200
190400
68110
4.17.7
2.512
110210
1936
7.910
<2.0
7.029
15002000
<2.0
2.37.7
38
27
4.5
<1.0
15
150
3.0
52
48
8.7
7.1
58
7.4
<1.0
<0.2
880
54
24
1.5
2.9
41
7.6
2.3
3.3
1.1
2.3
<1.0
17
6.3
1.5
<1.0
6.8
1.6
0.4
1.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
<0.1
0.4
1.7
0.2
0.2
0.2
3.9
0.6
0.1
0.1
1.3
0.1
1.5
1.2
1.2
1.7
1.4
0.4
<0.1
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.9
0.1
0.1
22x
33
23
40
36
0y
47
24x
39
15
25
17
18
50
34
30
20
1
60
3y
22
34
20
48x
56
37
68
43
37
65x
47
33x
54
42
26
39
62
29
24
22
32x
25
56
18
3
160
25
6
0.2
0.8
0.1
23.2
1.7
0.1
0.2
0.1
11.9
0.5
1.5
0.1
0.8
1.7
0.3
5.5
10
3.0
270
35
2.2
14
930
80
100
<0.5
14
13
200
3.313
7.415
1.77.2
260290
2941
1.24.6
<1.0
9.123
8601000
52120
<0.1
88120
<1.0
8.326
7.528
150310
1.3
2.7
<1.0
150
19
<1.0
<0.2
3.4
490
21
56
3.9
3.8
57
12
3.1
<0.5
91
9.4
<0.5
<0.1
0.2
0.9
0.1
5.9
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.2
2.4
0.6
0.4
0.1
0.9
1.8
0.3
0.1
0.5
0.1
14.9
1.3
0.1
0.1
0.1
8.4
0.3
1.1
0.1
0.5
1.0
0.2
18
27
16
42
22
39
26
21
19
42
18
27
53
22
12
58
36
53
14
5
40
17
0.4
0.1
0.1
12.5
0.7
15.3
0.5
0.2
8.9
<1.0
21
1500
240
200
70
18
6.015
1.5
1531
13001700
160370
160230
5099
1032
2.6
<0.2
5.9
810
100
110
17
4.9
100
14
0.4
0.1
0.1
2.9
0.7
3.4
0.5
0.2
0.2
0.1
8.5
0.6
10.3
0.3
0.1
54y
33
62
44
42y
35
30
12
20
65
28
63
33
81
78
44
66
29
64
estimate
(thousands)
420
67
48
72
540
1100
73
360
380
110
23
380
170
130
2
25000
4400
1300
38
44
320
53
520
470
2500
140
98x
87
104p
73
97
86
108
72
82y
84
95
110
15
3
550
44
3
<0.5
210
33
71
160
270
51
4
840
1100
410
9
550
3
83
21
1400
95
75
97
87
400
66
74
64
630
1400
1600
110
990
110
96p
80
100
S TAT I S T I C A L TA B L E S
131
TABLE 4. HIV/AIDS
Prevention among young people
Orphans
Paediatric
infections
Estimated Estimated number of people
adult HIV
(all ages) living with HIV,
prevalence
2007 (thousands)
rate
(aged 1549),
low
high
2007
estimate estimate estimate
New Zealand
0.1
Nicaragua
0.2
Niger
0.8
Nigeria
3.1
Niue
Norway
0.1
Occupied Palestinian Territory
Oman
Pakistan
0.1
Palau
Panama
1.0
Papua New Guinea
1.5
Paraguay
0.6
Peru
0.5
Philippines
Poland
0.1
Portugal
0.5
Qatar
Republic of Korea
<0.1
Romania
0.1
Russian Federation
1.1
Rwanda
2.8
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
Samoa
San Marino
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
1.0
Serbia
0.1
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
1.7
Singapore
0.2
Slovakia
<0.1
Slovenia
<0.1
Solomon Islands
Somalia
0.5
South Africa
18.1
Spain
0.5
Sri Lanka
Sudan
1.4
Suriname
2.4
Swaziland
26.1
Sweden
0.1
Switzerland
0.6
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
0.3
Thailand
1.4
The former Yugoslav
Republic of Macedonia
<0.1
Timor-Leste
Togo
3.3
Tonga
Turkmenistan
<0.1
Tuvalu
Uganda
5.4
Ukraine
1.6
United Arab Emirates
132
Mother-to-child
transmission
Estimated number of
women (aged 15+)
living with HIV, 2007
(thousands)
Estimated
number of
children
(aged 014)
living with
HIV, 2007
(thousands)
HIV prevalence
among young
people
(aged 1524),
2007
% who
have
comprehensive
knowledge
of HIV,
20022007*
male
female
% who
used
condom
at last
higher-risk
sex,
20022007*
Orphan
school
attendance
ratio
estimate
(thousands)
estimate
(thousands)
20022007*
1.4
7.7
60
2600
3.0
96
20
54
21
76
8.3
20
34
13
15
940
150
<1.02.6
5.315
4485
20003200
1.75.0
69150
1626
5355
1238
5797
6.011
1134
2063
7.542
1216
6301300
130170
<0.5
2.1
17
1400
<1.0
27
5.5
21
5.8
21
2.2
5.5
9.4
3.6
7.0
240
78
3.2
220
1.1
5.2
19
0.1
0.3
0.9
0.8
0.1
0.1
1.1
0.6
0.7
0.5
0.1
0.5
<0.1
0.2
1.3
0.5
0.1
0.5
2.3
0.1
0.1
0.6
0.7
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.3
<0.1
0.2
0.6
1.4
16
21
18
1y
54
22x
13
18
19
12
3y
51
37y
46
25
40
17x
18y
24
32
11
26
25
1200
220
34
110
570
9700
37
3900
48
330
130
570
1800
440
82
360
300
4000
860
106x
67
64p
85x
82
67
6.4
55
4.2
<0.5
<0.5
24
5700
140
3.8
320
6.8
190
6.2
25
10
610
4796
3.912
4276
2.67.3
<1.0
<1.0
1345
49006600
80230
2.85.1
220440
4.212
180200
3.511
1443
5.023
410880
38
1.8
30
1.2
6.7
3200
28
1.4
170
1.9
100
2.9
9.2
2.1
250
3.1
4.0
<1.0
280
25
<0.2
15
<0.1
14
0.3
0.1
0.4
0.2
0.6
4.0
0.6
<0.1
0.3
2.7
5.8
0.1
0.4
0.4
1.2
0.8
0.1
1.3
0.1
0.3
12.7
0.2
1.0
1.4
22.6
0.1
0.5
0.1
1.2
24
52
44
19
42
17
41
52
7
2
46
52
70
56
36
74
20
49
54
16
9
1400
56
350
130
350
24
590
2500
210
330
1800
9
96
66
39
210
1300
83
83
78
96x
97
93
<0.5
130
14
3.7
<2.0
<0.5
940
440
<1.0
110150
9.519
2.75.4
<5.0
<1.0
8701000
340540
69
7.7
1.0
480
190
10
130
5.1
0.8
0.3
0.1
1.3
1.5
2.4
1.0
<0.1
3.9
1.5
38
43
27
28
54
32
42
55
70
50
51
38
68
1200
48
260
20
130
2500
1000
94
96
98
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
TABLE 4
Prevention among young people
Orphans
Paediatric
infections
Estimated Estimated number of people
adult HIV
(all ages) living with HIV,
prevalence
2007 (thousands)
rate
(aged 1549),
low
high
2007
estimate estimate estimate
United Kingdom
0.2
United Republic of Tanzania 6.2
United States
0.6
Uruguay
0.6
Uzbekistan
0.1
Vanuatu
Venezuela
(Bolivarian Republic of)
Viet Nam
0.5
Yemen
Zambia
15.2
Zimbabwe
15.3
Mother-to-child
transmission
Estimated number of
women (aged 15+)
living with HIV, 2007
(thousands)
Estimated
number of
children
(aged 014)
living with
HIV, 2007
(thousands)
HIV prevalence
among young
people
(aged 1524),
2007
% who
have
comprehensive
knowledge
of HIV,
20022007*
male
female
% who
used
condom
at last
higher-risk
sex,
20022007*
Orphan
school
attendance
ratio
estimate
(thousands)
20022007*
estimate
(thousands)
77
1400
1200
10
16
37160
13001500
6901900
5.919
8.145
22
760
230
2.8
4.6
140
<0.2
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.6
0.1
0.1
0.9
0.3
0.3
0.1
40
45
31
46
34
61
970
520
2600
2800
46
690
102
290
1100
1300
180470
10001200
12001400
76
560
680
95
120
0.6
3.6
2.9
0.3
11.3
7.7
37
46
44
34
44
68
48
68
38
42
600
1000
430
1500
1100
1300
103y
95
22000
16400
5600
480
2600
2400
1900
1500
2000
29500
10000
33000
2050023600
1530017600
48006300
370620
20003400
19003000
17002400
11001900
14002900
2730032100
950011000
3000036000
1800
1300
480
28
110
41
55
11
5.8
2000
900
2000
1.1
1.5
0.7
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.5
0.8
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.4
3.2
4.5
1.9
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.4
0.5
0.2
0.7
1.4
0.6
44
47
42
38
45
29
30
29
22
29
SUMMARY INDICATORS
Sub-Saharan Africa
Eastern and Southern Africa
West and Central Africa
Middle East and North Africa
South Asia
East Asia and Pacific
Latin America and Caribbean
CEE/CIS
Industrialized countries
Developing countries
Least developed countries
World
5.0
7.8
2.6
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.6
0.8
0.3
0.9
2.2
0.8
12000
8970
3000
220
930
750
660
460
460
14600
5300
15500
30 24
38 31
23 19
36 18
7** 18**
30** 19**
32 23
11600 47500
8700 24900
3000 22700
5900
37400
30100
9400
7600
7200
130000
40400
15000 145000
83
92
76
73
77
86
Also includes territories within each country category or regional group. Countries and territories in each country category or regional group are listed on page 152.
NOTES
S TAT I S T I C A L TA B L E S
133
TABLE 5. EDUCATION
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei Darussalam
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo
Cook Islands
Costa Rica
Cte dIvoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Democratic Peoples
Republic of Korea
Democratic Republic of
the Congo
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Fiji
Finland
134
net
Primary school
attendance
ratio
20002007*
net
male
female
male
female
male
49
99
94
84
99
100
100
100
71
100
63
83
99
100
93
97
100
98
47
77
90
72
97
70
56
99
99
98
92
99
98
100
100
100
18
100
91
63
99
100
100
100
73
100
89
41
73
98
100
95
99
100
97
33
70
83
59
98
47
23
99
99
98
87
98
99
40
100
100
100
8
60
63
97
14
134
81
97
113
39
77
123
13
88
61
93
44
12
10
31
48
47
53
79
108
7
3
12
19
58
21
3
5
76
35
64
5
19
33
22
96
1
103
122
2
15
7
56
1
64
21
6
52
51
10
34
28
0
93
56
47
11
1
4
6
24
5
23
42
47
1
1
0
2
77
6
0
1
25
10
14
3
2
27
28
2
37
2
42
35
126
106
114
90
69x
113
96
105
102
98
98
120
101
104
97
102
125
105
103
109
108
141
107
101
66
108
127
117
100
108
72
90
107
112
117
91
113
79
112
79
99
102
103
100
75
105
106
90
59x
112
100
105
101
95
98
119
105
102
95
102
121
87
101
109
106
133
106
100
54
98
118
98
99
103
49
61
102
111
115
80
102
80
111
62
99
100
102
100
74
94
96
83
99
80
96
97
86
87
98
87
97
90
97
97
87
79
95
83
94
94
93
52
76
91
99
88
53
71
99
89
75
58
73
91
61
91
96
99
91
46
93
94
83
98
84
97
98
83
89
98
91
96
89
98
97
73
79
95
85
95
94
92
42
73
89
100
87
38
50
99
88
71
52
75
93
49
90
97
99
94
66
92
97
58
99
74
86
79
93
95
72
74
78
92
83
95x
49
72
84
86
97x
64
41
90
31
86
87
66
40
92
96
59
98
72
87
84
94
95
62
67
77
89
86
95x
44
70
86
81
96x
54
31
92
31
87
89
57
78
95
96
90
95
95
85
100
62
63
48
97
97
82
96
95
70
100
39
7
107
5
51
63
24
55
27
1
125
1
108
0
58
1
37
16
12
8
10
2
2
55
0
9
56
68
99
49
85
101
117
108
116
125
69
100
97
101
98
54
99
40
87
96
117
102
112
119
56
98
85
99
98
95
42
75
77
96
98
94
91
50
95
74
91
97
96
34
80
79
97
94
94
83
43
94
69
91
97
55
80
84
96
61
69
45
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
Survival rate to
last primary grade (%)
20002007*
net
Secondary school
attendance
ratio
20002007*
net
survey data
male
female
male
female
male
female
90
91
87
99
99
97
81
99
65
97
99
94
92
65
84
82
75
81
98
95
64
78
49
59
89
39
26
98
82
72
55
91
86
100
97
99
100
90
100
83
100
99
99
94
100
89
41
100
88
90
74
92
95
65
94
89
19
93
90
28
78
80
83
19
80
88
154
104
85
91
100
43
100
95
112
77
41
51
84
75
101
96
108
17
16
43
27
119
75
23
90
75
78
40
47
71
83
32
90
93
96
96
9
75
86
87
16
89
91
146
100
81
91
104
45
104
97
108
81
23
46
81
78
111
100
104
12
12
34
21
116
86
8
92
76
87
30
39
74
89
18
93
94
97
97
74
65
73
75
84
87
79
83
91
40
88
87
89
64
23
38
72
52
75
88
90
14
33
56
13
16
62
15
62
58
25
86
86
93
72
68
75
82
88
88
76
85
96
42
89
89
85
70
11
39
70
60
83
92
88
10
28
63
9
5
69
15
68
64
14
88
88
95
18
79
57
22
93
82
77
36
95
58
40
57
89
36
42x
17
8
29
45
16
13
64
10
39
59
32
6
77
65
20
95
80
85
41
97
60
27
56
89
44
50x
15
6
26
42
10
7
72
11
40
65
22
49
78
88
94
60
64
45
92
88
61
76
97
67
33
74
96
58
81
99
49
81
98
84
28
118
27
107
63
67
91
63
41
39
99
37
80
109
16
121
18
105
75
68
85
66
23
23
101
24
88
114
88
26
77
47
57
82
53
30
90
29
76
96
90
17
85
57
58
78
56
20
92
19
83
96
18
50
27
72
23
23
30
15
42
39
67
22
21
23
TABLE 5
Number per 100
population
Youth (1524 years)
2006
literacy rate
20002007*
Internet
male
female phones users
France
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Grenada
Guatemala
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Holy See
Honduras
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Iraq
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Lao Peoples Democratic
Republic
98
63
80
99
88
59
94
76
88
98
87
99
98
89
100
91
99
100
80
100
100
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mexico
Micronesia
(Federated States of)
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Montenegro
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nauru
net
Primary school
attendance
ratio
20002007*
net
Survival rate to
last primary grade (%)
20002007*
net
male
female
male
female
male
survey data
male
female
male
female
male
female
50
6
5
7
47
3
18
21
10
1
2
23
8
0
5
35
65
11
5
26
0
34
28
53
49
68
14
9
8
2
29
12
110
153
71
94
103
98
102
94
118
96
84
125
119
98
98
114
116
104
109
104
109
104
95
100
96
105
107
112
97
97
109
152
77
97
103
97
102
91
109
81
56
124
118
96
97
109
112
132
90
103
111
103
95
100
98
106
104
114
96
96
98
88
59
88
98
73
100
84
96
77
53
96
89
98
90
97
91
95
95
96
99
90
100
89
90
75
96
84
86
99
88
64
91
98
71
99
83
92
66
37
97
88
97
87
94
100
82
95
98
98
90
100
91
90
76
98
83
85
94
60
94
75
80x
55
54
96
48
77
85
94
94
91
97
99
99
79
91
94
62
95
75
76x
48
53
96
52
80
81
95
91
80
98
99
98
79
93
98x
56
100
99
60
98
83
63
76
59
81
98
99
73
80
88
70
100
100
87
96
100
84
81
96
99
95
98
96
81
96
85
95
83
100
90
99
114
53
47
83
102
52
104
99
56
45
23
106
66
96
108
59
64
83
54
108
93
101
86
101
88
93
52
82
87
86
114
46
43
86
100
46
102
102
51
24
13
104
86
95
111
49
64
78
36
116
92
100
89
102
90
92
49
94
91
87
98
40
77
47
92
78
40
35
11
90
89
59
79
45
85
88
93
77
99
81
86
43
65
75
80
100
37
81
43
93
80
37
20
6
90
91
59
75
32
90
89
94
80
99
83
86
42
72
79
81
34
39
89
45
23x
27
8
66
18
29
59
54
46
88
85
97
12
90
36
34
88
45
24x
17
7
73
21
36
49
56
34
92
89
97
13
92
17
123
109
86
81
81
77
62
93
49
38
38
32
40
33
95
31
20
8
66
82
138
117
5
5
75
88
11
86
34
62
53
47
26
3
0
4
64
32
72
1
0
54
9
1
34
1
25
19
96
96
115
96
113
106
95
102
142
117
101
118
90
101
94
99
102
114
93
93
114
87
108
107
94
103
137
121
100
114
71
99
92
104
102
111
89
82
71
40
87
90
96
96
88
100
97
68
92
67
78
94
98
92
82
74
39
89
89
98
96
94
100
97
54
91
66
82
96
97
97
82
74
86
45
56
97
97
88
77
88
33
59
97
98
87
62
97
88
36
36
99
73
99
45
99
92
93
84
93
71
90
98
78
33
37
86
120
99
94
24
32
66
80
35
99
66
27
89
86
99
85
42
27
101
104
99
98
23
27
72
86
21
100
67
23
88
88
70
19
22
62
92
82
17
25
66
65
84
43
16
81
71
77
29
13
69
93
86
18
23
72
70
90
47
15
82
70
61
16
17
27
15
21
68
27
21
26
11
17
19
14
109
111
80
86
32
52
29
107
52
12
0
30
17
56
12
44
20
1
0
4
97
99
112
113
114
107
78
96
102
100
97
115
107
80
88
90
91
79
99
74
88
93
85
73
100
79
84
96
98
91
63
83
91
85
98
97
87
57
84
91
97
91
74
40
72
77
25
100
97
97
68
100
90
87
84
53
18
49
53
42
91
95
45
13
49
61
50
80
77
37
4
46
30
83
87
32
4
46
40
82
85
90
39
8
51
40
85
91
92
36
7
48
53
96
41
99
76
99
83
34
87
87
93
99
77
99
97
81
100
98
99
100
81
100
100
85
64
26
38
104
23
99
45
56
10
14
0
30
99
109
15
28
24
32
113
123
135
94
79
74
53
21
91
24
85
80
100
75
68
100
100
73
84
98
98
36
96
70
95
98
100
91
76
98
100
68
82
98
98
23
99
63
97
98
100
94
84
58
97
91
100
97
93
67
48
96
94
gross
Secondary school
attendance
ratio
20002007*
net
S TAT I S T I C A L TA B L E S
135
TABLE 5. EDUCATION
Number per 100
population
Youth (1524 years)
2006
literacy rate
20002007*
Internet
male
female phones users
net
Primary school
attendance
ratio
20002007*
net
male
female
male
female
male
129
108
102
117
58
105
107
98
82
82
94
108
113
60
113
116
110
98
118
105
107
105
96
138
86
122
123
105
102
115
43
87
102
98
83
83
74
101
110
50
110
117
109
97
112
104
103
104
96
142
103
114
91
99
99
90
56
68
98
76
73
74
98
99
94
96
91
96
98
93
100
93
91
76
64
99
87
97
99
90
40
59
98
76
75
57
95
98
95
97
93
96
98
94
93
93
91
81
78
97
86
77
44
66
91
60
95
94
88
84
Survival rate to
last primary grade (%)
20002007*
net
survey data
male
female
95
56
88
96
94
90
76
46
119
117
62
14
36
96
113
91
90
34
96
67
66
93
79
100
94
103
100
86
85
14
110
80
41
117
123
70
9
29
102
113
97
87
26
105
73
67
96
88
99
102
100
95
86
83
13
100
95
male
female
88
91
40
12
28
91x
96
87
78
33
61
56
72
55
93
78
91
99
74
70
65
89
93
47
7
23
96x
97
92
77
26
68
59
72
66
94
86
90
93
73
61
80
male
female
46
35
13
38
23
81
70
55
38
47
9
33
18
80
70
70
73
92
26
85
99
98
60
96
65
97
97
95
99
100
98
98
100
77
4
106
94
33
3
24
108
22
70
22
0
66
51
31
51
95
116
110
84
80
106
3
1
86
79
3
0
6
82
7
11
8
0
15
2
4
23
6
37
30
35
71
52
18
1
32
62
74
29
94
100
93
88
64
67
83
57
71
Samoa
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovakia
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Thailand
The former Yugoslav
Republic of Macedonia
Timor-Leste
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
99
95
98
59
99
64
100
100
95
100
97
85
96
87
95
100
98
100
96
96
44
96
99
44
100
100
24
96
100
98
71
95
90
92
100
98
25
64
12
78
25
63
87
109
91
93
6
83
106
26
12
71
24
106
99
24
63
4
57
14
19
5
13
36
0
59
42
64
2
1
8
43
2
9
8
4
77
58
8
13
100
128
81
97
126
155
101
101
102
108
106
108
71
121
110
96
98
129
103
108
100
127
79
97
125
139
99
100
98
103
104
108
61
121
102
95
97
123
98
108
90
97
71
95
99
92
96
62
88
100
98
45
95
78
95
89
97
99
95
91
98
70
95
100
92
95
62
88
99
97
37
98
79
95
89
92
95
94
94
58
98
69
24
80x
56
94
83
97
89
98
95
59
98
69
20
83x
52
93
86
96
88
98
96x
61
54
99
97
99
77
100
100
74
71
92
99
83
93
100
91
85
56
80
80
100
76
44
27
87
105
38
94
96
33
92
115
86
35
66
47
104
95
72
90
75
86
47
21
89
119
26
95
95
27
98
122
88
33
90
47
103
90
68
75
82
62
31
23
94
27
90
29
59
92
57
29
99
84
64
87
68
71
34
18
100
19
91
25
66
96
79
35
99
80
61
74
75
39
20
90
21
8
41x
17
55
31
64
89
77
41
16
93
17
4
48x
22
66
41
65
74
84
99
84
100
100
97
98
100
99
64
100
100
94
94
100
70
5
11
29
69
72
71
4
13
0
5
3
22
13
18
1
98
103
110
116
96
110
96
98
95
95
110
94
107
92
92
70
86
98
85
96
93
92
67
75
94
85
97
89
97
76
82
98
95
91
99
93
74
76
98
93
87
99
98
68
91
84
94
94
84
97
95
100
85
53
54
92
75
81
86
83
54
27
96
78
89
71
82
30
54
64
61
74
80
14
68
67
68
64
79
45
84
52
84
78
32
90
43
84
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
81
98
50
53
63
100
98
99
70
85
84
85
70
98
89
99
94
99
31
78
96
gross
Secondary school
attendance
ratio
20002007*
net
Nepal
85
Netherlands
New Zealand
Nicaragua
85
Niger
53
Nigeria
89
Niue
Norway
Panama
97
Papua New Guinea
63
Paraguay
96
Peru
99
Philippines
94
Poland
100
Portugal
100
Qatar
97
Republic of Korea
Romania
97
Russian Federation
100
Rwanda
79
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
136
82
84
31
58
92
51
96
94
89
87
TABLE 5
Number per 100
population
Youth (1524 years)
2006
literacy rate
20002007*
Internet
male
female phones users
Tuvalu
Uganda
88
Ukraine
100
United Arab Emirates
99
United Kingdom
Uruguay
98
Uzbekistan
99
Vanuatu
92
Venezuela
(Bolivarian Republic of)
96
Viet Nam
95
Yemen
93
Zambia
73x
Zimbabwe
98
net
Primary school
attendance
ratio
20002007*
net
male
female
male
female
male
15
7
107
119
117
15
80
67
9
19
5
20
37
63
1
70
24
4
106
116
102
104
105
113
98
117
97
110
105
117
102
103
106
111
99
113
94
106
90
88
98
98
91
100
88
90
88
99
97
93
100
86
83
96
71
100
98
94
67
66x
99
69
18
14
14
6
15
17
1
4
9
106
109
100
118
102
103
103
74
116
101
91
85
90
87
91
65
94
88
91
94
68x
55
91
68
69
66
85
74
98
97
99
84
65
85
18
19
18
37
15
36
54
81
93
30
9
42
3
3
3
13
9
12
19
20
59
11
1
18
101
110
93
102
111
111
120
98
101
109
101
108
90
104
77
97
104
110
116
96
101
103
91
103
75
83
67
86
88
98
94
92
95
89
79
90
70
81
58
81
83
97
95
90
96
86
74
87
64
66
63
88
81
92**
90
93
80**
65
80**
84
100
97
76
99
99
92
Survival rate to
last primary grade (%)
20002007*
gross
female
male
male
female
63
25
98
99
83
96
92
99
69x
72
100
91
100
87
20
94
89
97
7x
94
94
103
43
81
16
93
91
99
6x
94
109
102
37
16
83
78
91
22
88
41
14
84
80
94
20
88
35
16
90
91
15
93
90
93
94
41x
58
93
90
92
60
76
62
82
98
80
79
73
68
61
33
42
82
62
30
27
39
62
49
31
38
71
26
25
36
30
77
35x
17
46
43
78
13x
19
43
61
66
56
85
77
92**
91
91
77**
63
77**
61
60
62
83
72
80**
84
96
97
74**
60
76**
84
82
86
94
97
90
82
90
36
39
33
73
54
73
87
89
102
62
35
67
29
34
24
67
45
73
94
85
101
58
29
63
28
30
26
67
60**
69
79
91
51**
30
58**
24
27
20
62
62**
74
75
92
49**
26
57**
26
20
31
54
51
60**
79
48**
26
48**
22
18
26
52
43
63**
76
43**
24
44**
82
98
75
100
survey data
male
net
female
Secondary school
attendance
ratio
20002007*
net
SUMMARY INDICATORS
Sub-Saharan Africa
Eastern and Southern Africa
West and Central Africa
Middle East and North Africa
South Asia
East Asia and Pacific
Latin America and Caribbean
CEE/CIS
Industrialized countries
Developing countries
Least developed countries
World
77
78
77
93
84
98
97
99
90
75
90
Also includes territories within each country category or regional group. Countries and territories in each country category or regional group are listed on page 152.
NOTES
S TAT I S T I C A L TA B L E S
137
under
5
Afghanistan
14526
Albania
986
Algeria
11780
Andorra
14
Angola
9022
Antigua and Barbuda
28
Argentina
12279
Armenia
760
Australia
4802
Austria
1573
Azerbaijan
2536
Bahamas
106
Bahrain
227
Bangladesh
64486
Barbados
66
Belarus
1870
Belgium
2128
Belize
124
Benin
4553
Bhutan
248
Bolivia
4167
Bosnia and Herzegovina
825
Botswana
783
Brazil
62565
Brunei Darussalam
132
Bulgaria
1298
Burkina Faso
7778
Burundi
4383
Cambodia
6247
Cameroon
8908
Canada
6909
Cape Verde
242
Central African Republic
2137
Chad
5690
Chile
4848
China
341820
Colombia
16196
Comoros
403
Congo
1825
Cook Islands
5
Costa Rica
1482
Cte dIvoire
9271
Croatia
846
Cuba
2571
Cyprus
200
Czech Republic
1822
Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea 6656
Democratic Republic of the Congo
33784
Denmark
1210
Djibouti
369
Dominica
22
Dominican Republic
3788
Ecuador
5060
Egypt
29422
El Salvador
2696
Equatorial Guinea
247
Eritrea
2402
Estonia
254
Ethiopia
42124
5002
250
3271
4
3162
8
3364
167
1272
393
564
28
65
18900
17
454
558
36
1525
60
1245
189
218
18110
41
341
2670
1541
1708
2866
1720
74
674
1989
1234
84062
4388
130
595
1
394
2872
204
632
50
469
1562
12268
318
107
6
1113
1403
8719
772
82
837
68
13651
138
Population
annual
growth rate
(%)
Crude
death rate
19701990 19902007
0.3
2.2
3.0
3.9
2.7
-0.6
1.5
1.7
1.4
0.2
1.7
2.0
4.0
2.4
0.6
0.6
0.2
2.1
3.0
3.0
2.3
0.9
3.3
2.2
3.4
0.2
2.4
2.4
1.7
2.9
1.2
1.4
2.4
2.5
1.6
1.6
2.2
3.3
3.0
-0.9
2.6
4.4
0.4
1.0
0.5
0.2
1.7
3.1
0.2
6.2
0.3
2.3
2.7
2.2
1.8
0.8
2.7
0.7
2.7
4.5
-0.2
1.7
2.0
2.8
1.9
1.1
-1.0
1.2
0.5
0.9
1.5
2.5
2.0
0.5
-0.3
0.3
2.6
3.3
1.1
2.1
-0.5
1.9
1.5
2.5
-0.8
3.0
2.4
2.3
2.4
1.0
2.4
2.2
3.3
1.4
0.9
1.6
2.7
2.6
-1.7
2.2
2.4
0.0
0.4
1.3
-0.1
1.0
2.9
0.3
2.3
-0.1
1.7
1.5
1.8
1.7
2.4
2.5
-0.9
2.9
29
8
16
27
9
5
9
13
7
7
9
20
9
7
12
8
22
23
20
7
13
10
7
9
24
20
20
19
7
12
22
21
10
8
9
18
14
7
18
10
7
10
12
7
20
10
21
11
12
17
12
25
21
11
21
23
6
7
24
8
8
7
11
7
6
4
12
8
11
11
5
15
14
11
7
7
7
3
12
17
19
12
13
7
8
16
16
6
7
6
11
11
4
13
11
7
8
12
6
18
12
14
6
6
9
7
19
16
13
18
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
Life
expectancy
Crude
birth rate
20
6
5
21
8
10
7
9
7
6
3
8
7
15
10
4
11
7
8
9
15
6
3
15
15
16
9
15
7
5
18
15
5
7
6
7
12
4
16
12
8
7
11
10
18
10
11
6
5
6
6
15
9
14
13
52
33
49
52
23
23
20
15
29
31
40
45
22
16
14
40
47
47
46
23
45
35
36
16
51
44
42
45
17
40
42
46
29
33
38
50
44
33
51
15
29
19
16
35
48
16
49
42
42
41
44
41
47
15
49
52
24
32
53
22
21
15
12
27
24
29
35
16
14
12
35
47
38
36
15
35
24
28
12
49
48
44
42
14
39
42
48
23
21
27
41
39
27
45
12
17
19
12
21
49
12
42
29
29
32
30
42
41
14
47
48
16
21
48
18
12
12
9
16
17
17
25
11
9
10
25
40
19
28
9
25
19
22
9
44
47
26
35
10
29
36
46
15
13
19
34
35
18
36
9
11
12
9
13
50
11
29
24
21
24
23
39
40
11
38
35
67
53
37
66
70
71
70
65
66
62
44
69
71
71
66
46
41
46
66
55
59
67
71
42
44
44
46
73
56
42
45
62
62
61
48
54
67
49
69
70
71
70
62
45
73
43
58
58
50
57
40
43
71
43
41
72
67
40
71
68
77
76
66
70
72
54
75
71
76
72
53
52
59
72
64
66
74
71
50
46
55
55
77
65
50
52
73
68
68
56
57
75
54
72
74
76
72
71
47
75
51
67
68
62
65
47
48
69
47
44
76
72
42
75
72
81
80
67
73
76
64
77
69
79
76
56
66
65
75
50
72
77
73
52
49
59
50
81
72
44
51
79
73
73
65
55
79
48
76
78
79
76
67
46
78
55
72
75
71
72
51
58
71
53
Total
fertility
rate
2007
% of
population
urbanized
2007
7.1
2.1
2.4
6.5
2.3
1.4
1.8
1.4
1.8
2.0
2.3
2.9
1.5
1.2
1.6
3.0
5.5
2.2
3.5
1.2
2.9
2.3
2.3
1.3
6.0
6.8
3.2
4.4
1.5
3.4
4.6
6.2
1.9
1.7
2.2
4.4
4.5
2.1
4.5
1.3
1.5
1.6
1.2
1.9
6.7
1.8
4.0
2.8
2.6
2.9
2.7
5.4
5.1
1.5
5.3
24
47
65
91
55
38
90
64
89
66
52
91
97
26
54
73
97
49
41
12
65
47
59
85
74
71
19
11
21
56
80
59
38
26
88
42
73
38
61
73
63
46
57
75
70
73
62
33
86
87
73
68
64
43
60
39
20
69
16
Average
annual
growth rate
of urban
population (%)
19701990 19902007
2.9
2.9
4.4
3.8
7.3
-0.3
2.0
2.3
1.4
0.2
2.0
3.1
4.3
7.2
1.0
2.7
0.3
1.7
6.7
6.1
4.0
2.8
11.8
3.7
3.7
1.4
6.8
7.3
2.0
6.4
1.3
5.5
3.9
5.5
2.1
3.9
3.2
5.1
4.7
-0.5
4.0
6.1
1.9
2.0
3.0
2.1
2.1
2.6
0.5
7.3
2.1
3.9
4.4
2.4
2.9
2.0
3.8
1.1
4.6
6.4
1.4
3.2
2.0
5.4
2.5
1.5
-1.4
1.5
0.5
0.7
2.2
3.2
3.8
1.7
0.2
0.4
2.9
4.5
4.2
3.2
0.5
4.1
2.4
3.4
-0.5
5.2
5.8
5.7
4.6
1.4
4.3
2.5
5.0
1.8
3.6
2.2
4.8
3.5
-0.3
3.7
3.5
0.4
0.5
1.7
-0.2
1.4
4.3
0.4
3.3
0.3
3.1
2.5
1.9
3.1
3.3
4.2
-1.2
4.7
TABLE 6
Population
(thousands)
2007
under
18
Fiji
Finland
France
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Grenada
Guatemala
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Holy See
Honduras
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Iraq
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Lao Peoples Democratic Republic
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mexico
Micronesia (Federated States of)
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Montenegro
Morocco
under
5
320
88
1093
287
13573
3828
555
159
803
264
1006
233
14286
3499
10553
3216
1906
514
42
10
6588
2093
4656
1566
918
333
267
70
4211
1250
3257
948
1903
471
78
21
446646 126808
76805 21630
24229
6472
13847
4217
1063
323
2262
683
9882
2734
1007
273
21206
5549
2500
731
4558
1316
18593
6359
35
10
785
242
1945
514
2681
720
411
103
1365
362
953
271
2017
725
2183
688
7
2
688
150
102
27
9829
3190
7479
2461
9663
2756
121
31
6721
2321
84
20
22
6
1443
462
358
94
37772 10342
50
14
932
211
6
2
898
232
142
38
11075
3005
Population
annual
growth rate
(%)
Crude
death rate
19701990 19902007
1.6
0.4
0.6
2.8
3.5
0.7
0.1
2.7
0.7
0.1
2.5
2.3
2.8
0.1
2.1
3.0
0.0
1.1
2.2
2.1
3.4
3.0
0.9
2.2
0.3
1.2
0.8
3.5
1.2
3.7
2.5
5.3
2.0
2.3
0.6
1.0
2.2
2.2
3.9
1.5
0.8
0.6
2.8
3.7
2.6
2.9
2.3
0.9
4.2
2.6
1.2
2.4
2.2
1.0
1.2
2.8
0.6
2.4
0.9
0.3
0.5
2.2
3.4
-1.3
0.2
2.4
0.5
0.6
2.4
2.6
3.0
0.1
1.8
2.2
-0.2
1.0
1.8
1.4
1.3
2.6
1.2
2.5
0.2
0.8
0.2
3.5
-0.4
2.8
1.6
1.7
1.1
2.1
-0.9
1.9
1.3
3.3
2.0
1.1
-0.5
1.2
2.9
2.3
2.3
2.0
2.8
0.7
1.3
2.8
1.0
1.4
0.8
-0.9
0.5
1.0
0.1
1.4
8
10
11
20
28
9
12
16
8
9
15
27
29
11
18
15
11
7
16
17
14
12
11
7
10
8
7
16
9
15
6
11
19
11
9
17
22
16
9
12
21
24
9
17
26
9
18
7
10
9
10
14
3
17
6
10
9
11
15
9
11
11
9
10
9
19
23
9
13
7
14
7
10
9
7
8
9
6
10
7
7
6
9
10
2
8
13
13
7
11
21
5
11
11
15
18
5
9
20
8
11
6
5
7
10
9
5
8
Life
expectancy
Crude
birth rate
7
10
9
12
10
12
11
9
10
8
6
12
19
8
9
6
13
6
8
6
5
9
7
5
10
7
9
4
10
12
2
8
7
14
7
19
18
4
12
9
10
15
4
6
15
8
8
7
5
6
12
7
10
6
34
14
17
34
50
19
14
45
17
28
44
50
49
38
39
47
15
21
38
41
43
46
22
27
17
35
19
52
26
51
48
31
44
14
33
43
49
49
17
13
47
56
37
40
52
17
45
28
44
41
18
42
10
47
29
13
13
36
43
16
11
40
10
28
39
47
50
25
37
38
12
17
32
26
35
39
15
22
10
25
10
36
23
42
24
31
43
14
26
36
50
26
15
13
44
50
30
40
52
15
40
20
28
34
19
33
11
30
21
11
12
26
35
11
8
30
9
18
34
40
50
17
28
28
9
14
23
19
20
32
16
20
9
20
8
26
19
39
18
22
27
9
18
29
50
24
9
11
37
41
21
23
48
10
33
15
20
26
11
19
14
20
60
70
72
47
37
67
71
49
72
64
52
38
36
60
47
52
69
74
49
48
54
56
71
71
72
68
72
54
62
52
66
60
46
70
65
49
42
51
71
70
44
41
61
50
39
70
47
62
61
62
65
53
69
52
67
75
77
61
51
71
75
57
77
66
62
47
42
62
54
66
69
78
59
61
64
63
75
76
77
72
79
67
67
60
75
66
54
69
69
59
43
68
71
75
51
49
70
60
47
76
57
69
70
66
68
61
75
64
69
79
81
57
59
71
79
60
79
69
70
56
46
66
61
70
73
82
64
70
71
59
79
81
81
72
83
72
67
53
78
66
64
73
72
42
45
74
73
79
59
48
74
68
54
79
64
73
76
68
69
67
74
71
Total
fertility
rate
2007
% of
population
urbanized
2007
2.8
1.8
1.9
3.1
4.8
1.4
1.4
3.9
1.3
2.3
4.2
5.5
7.1
2.3
3.6
3.3
1.3
2.0
2.8
2.2
2.0
4.3
2.0
2.8
1.4
2.5
1.3
3.1
2.3
5.0
2.2
2.5
3.2
1.3
2.2
3.4
6.8
2.8
1.3
1.7
4.8
5.6
2.6
2.6
6.5
1.4
4.4
1.9
2.2
3.8
1.4
1.9
1.8
2.4
52
61
77
85
56
52
75
49
59
31
48
34
30
28
40
47
67
93
29
50
68
67
61
92
68
54
66
83
58
21
50
98
36
21
68
87
19
60
85
22
66
83
27
18
69
31
32
96
67
41
42
77
22
47
100
57
60
Average
annual
growth rate
of urban
population (%)
19701990 19902007
2.5
1.4
0.8
6.6
6.8
1.5
0.1
3.9
1.3
0.1
3.2
5.1
5.9
0.2
4.1
4.6
0.5
1.4
3.5
5.0
4.9
4.1
1.3
2.6
0.4
2.1
1.7
4.8
1.7
6.5
4.0
6.0
2.0
4.7
1.3
2.7
5.7
4.9
6.7
1.6
2.4
1.0
5.3
7.0
4.5
6.8
4.7
0.9
4.3
7.6
1.4
3.4
2.4
2.9
1.2
4.0
4.1
S TAT I S T I C A L TA B L E S
2.3
0.3
0.8
3.6
5.9
-1.7
0.4
4.5
0.6
0.3
3.5
3.9
3.5
-0.2
3.8
3.4
-0.1
1.2
2.8
4.6
2.6
2.5
1.7
2.8
0.3
1.4
0.5
4.6
-0.3
3.9
4.1
1.8
0.9
4.3
-1.1
2.3
2.1
5.2
2.7
1.6
-0.7
1.4
4.0
5.2
4.5
3.2
4.9
1.1
1.6
3.1
0.9
1.8
0.0
-0.9
0.5
1.1
2.8
139
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nauru
Nepal
Netherlands
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Niue
Norway
Occupied Palestinian Territory
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Qatar
Republic of Korea
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Samoa
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovakia
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Thailand
The former Yugoslav
Republic of Macedonia
Timor-Leste
Togo
Tonga
140
Population
annual
growth rate
(%)
Crude
death rate
19701990 19902007
Life
expectancy
Crude
birth rate
Total
fertility
rate
2007
% of
population
urbanized
2007
Average
annual
growth rate
of urban
population (%)
under
18
under
5
10909
15617
939
4
12606
3576
1064
2441
7724
75065
1
1092
2095
1013
70609
8
1181
2941
2537
10273
36804
7471
1996
208
10418
4154
27044
4921
17
54
42
88
6
76
9781
5998
2204
44
2889
994
1087
343
229
4389
18385
7742
5504
17961
158
534
1912
1488
8424
3081
16430
3700
4132
248
1
3651
969
285
673
2797
24823
0
284
685
271
19333
2
344
894
734
2817
11095
1767
558
65
2319
1051
7302
1685
5
15
12
24
2
23
2921
1942
610
15
1019
200
260
89
71
1539
5235
2321
1464
5528
44
147
505
358
2544
857
4518
1.8
2.1
3.0
1.7
2.3
0.7
1.0
2.7
3.1
2.8
0.4
3.4
4.5
3.2
1.4
2.4
2.4
2.7
2.5
2.6
0.8
0.7
7.2
1.5
0.7
0.7
3.3
-0.5
1.4
0.9
0.6
1.2
2.3
5.2
2.9
0.8
1.6
2.1
1.9
0.7
0.7
3.3
3.1
2.4
0.7
1.6
2.9
0.4
3.2
0.3
0.5
3.5
2.9
1.9
2.7
1.1
2.2
0.6
2.3
0.6
1.2
1.8
3.5
2.6
0.6
3.7
2.0
2.2
1.8
1.9
2.5
2.2
1.5
2.1
0.0
0.4
3.5
0.7
-0.5
-0.2
1.7
1.3
1.1
0.6
0.9
1.5
1.8
2.5
2.6
0.2
1.1
2.1
2.3
0.1
0.2
2.7
1.5
1.7
0.8
0.7
2.3
0.8
1.6
0.4
0.5
2.6
1.4
1.0
25
15
15
21
8
9
13
26
22
10
19
17
16
8
19
7
14
11
8
11
13
9
9
9
20
8
11
10
13
18
21
9
29
5
10
10
10
24
14
9
8
20
8
18
10
9
13
10
10
20
11
9
13
9
8
7
22
18
11
7
4
11
5
11
6
7
7
10
10
3
6
11
12
33
7
7
7
10
5
12
10
26
5
10
10
12
22
8
8
7
14
6
10
11
9
5
8
7
20
10
13
8
9
7
5
14
17
9
4
3
7
5
10
6
6
5
10
11
2
6
12
16
17
7
7
5
8
4
9
12
22
5
10
10
7
17
17
9
7
10
7
21
10
8
3
6
9
48
40
43
42
17
22
47
58
47
17
49
50
43
38
42
37
42
40
17
21
34
31
21
14
53
41
40
39
47
48
48
18
47
23
19
17
46
51
38
20
31
47
37
50
14
16
47
40
37
43
27
42
39
13
17
37
56
47
14
46
38
42
26
37
33
30
33
15
12
23
16
14
14
49
25
25
34
38
36
43
15
48
18
15
11
40
46
29
10
21
41
24
41
14
12
37
39
19
40
18
26
28
11
14
25
49
40
12
36
22
27
21
30
25
21
26
9
11
16
9
10
11
44
19
20
25
33
25
35
13
46
8
10
9
31
43
23
11
15
32
20
29
11
9
27
27
15
39
51
53
43
74
71
54
40
42
74
54
49
51
65
43
65
53
57
70
67
60
60
68
69
44
64
61
55
55
52
45
68
35
69
70
69
54
40
53
72
65
44
63
48
74
73
55
60
59
43
59
62
54
77
75
64
46
47
77
68
70
60
72
54
68
65
65
71
74
69
71
69
68
33
71
69
65
62
68
57
71
39
75
72
73
57
42
62
77
70
53
68
59
78
78
68
63
67
42
62
52
64
80
80
73
57
47
80
73
76
65
75
57
72
71
72
76
78
76
79
72
65
46
74
71
71
65
73
63
74
42
80
75
78
63
48
50
81
72
58
70
40
81
82
74
67
70
5.2
2.1
3.2
3.3
1.7
2.0
2.8
7.2
5.4
1.8
5.2
3.0
3.5
2.6
3.8
3.1
2.5
3.3
1.2
1.5
2.7
1.2
1.3
1.3
5.9
2.2
2.2
4.0
3.9
3.4
4.7
1.8
6.5
1.3
1.2
1.3
3.9
6.1
2.7
1.4
1.9
4.3
2.4
3.5
1.8
1.4
3.1
3.4
1.8
36
32
36
100
17
81
86
60
17
50
37
78
72
72
36
68
73
14
60
73
64
62
59
96
81
54
73
21
32
28
47
23
89
60
81
42
50
42
100
56
51
18
36
60
77
15
43
75
25
84
76
51
24
33
8.3
2.5
4.1
1.7
6.3
1.2
1.2
3.3
5.9
5.3
0.9
4.5
9.3
4.2
2.2
3.0
3.9
4.0
3.4
4.5
1.6
1.8
7.4
4.5
2.2
1.5
5.9
-0.4
2.4
3.0
0.8
3.1
4.2
7.5
4.2
4.8
4.8
1.9
2.3
2.3
5.5
4.5
2.9
1.4
1.0
5.3
2.4
7.5
0.4
1.6
4.1
2.2
3.6
6.2
2.8
4.1
0.6
6.4
1.6
1.4
2.6
4.4
5.0
1.1
4.2
2.7
3.3
1.8
3.9
2.9
3.6
1.9
4.0
0.1
1.7
3.9
1.3
-0.5
-0.3
10.3
0.8
0.8
1.5
1.4
1.4
3.9
3.0
3.3
1.2
4.4
2.4
0.1
0.4
4.4
2.8
2.7
0.9
-0.1
5.4
1.4
2.2
0.5
1.2
3.1
-0.1
1.7
476
590
3260
44
115
199
1061
12
1.0
1.0
3.1
-0.2
0.4
2.6
3.0
0.3
8
22
18
6
8
18
12
6
9
9
10
6
24
46
48
37
17
43
44
30
11
42
37
25
66
40
48
65
71
46
58
70
74
61
58
73
1.4
6.6
4.9
3.8
70
27
42
24
2.0
3.4
4.9
0.4
1.6
4.5
5.2
0.8
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
19701990 19902007
TABLE 6
Population
annual
growth rate
(%)
Crude
death rate
19701990 19902007
Population
(thousands)
2007
Life
expectancy
Crude
birth rate
Total
fertility
rate
2007
% of
population
urbanized
2007
Average
annual
growth rate
of urban
population (%)
under
18
under
5
357
3178
24623
1845
4
17349
8389
1006
13100
20630
75992
938
10593
103
10089
30263
11729
6270
6175
94
830
6646
494
1
6028
2025
327
3503
7050
20957
252
2879
31
2896
8109
3740
2030
1706
1.2
2.4
2.3
2.6
1.3
3.2
0.4
10.6
0.1
3.1
1.0
0.5
2.7
2.8
3.0
2.2
3.3
3.2
3.5
0.5
1.3
1.6
1.8
0.7
3.2
-0.6
5.0
0.4
2.7
1.0
0.4
1.7
2.4
2.0
1.6
3.5
2.3
1.4
7
14
12
11
16
9
11
12
18
9
10
10
14
7
18
27
17
13
7
6
8
8
15
13
3
11
15
9
10
7
7
5
8
13
16
8
8
6
6
8
14
16
1
10
13
8
9
7
5
5
5
8
19
19
27
39
39
37
49
15
36
16
48
16
21
36
43
37
41
56
49
48
21
27
26
35
50
13
27
14
44
16
18
35
37
29
31
51
44
37
15
17
18
22
47
9
16
12
40
14
15
23
29
22
19
38
40
28
66
54
56
58
50
71
61
72
47
71
69
63
53
65
49
38
49
55
70
69
65
63
51
70
73
76
51
75
72
67
64
71
65
54
49
63
70
74
72
63
51
68
79
79
52
78
76
67
70
74
74
62
42
43
1.6
1.9
2.1
2.5
6.5
1.2
2.3
1.8
5.2
2.1
2.1
2.5
3.8
2.6
2.2
5.5
5.2
3.2
13
66
68
47
57
13
68
77
90
25
81
92
37
24
94
27
28
35
37
-0.5
3.8
4.5
2.3
4.6
5.7
1.4
10.5
0.8
7.5
1.1
0.9
3.1
4.9
3.8
2.7
5.5
4.5
6.1
3.1
2.1
2.6
2.1
2.8
4.4
-0.5
5.1
0.5
4.6
1.6
0.7
1.2
4.2
2.8
3.6
5.6
1.7
3.0
127624
61296
66328
44789
175250
144441
55622
26458
54922
562128
124237
629106
2.9
2.9
2.9
3.0
2.3
1.8
2.2
1.0
0.7
2.2
2.5
1.8
2.6
2.5
2.7
2.0
1.9
1.0
1.5
0.2
0.6
1.6
2.5
1.4
20
19
22
16
17
10
10
9
10
13
21
12
16
15
17
8
11
7
7
11
9
9
16
9
15
15
16
6
8
7
6
12
9
8
12
9
48
47
48
45
39
35
37
20
17
38
47
32
45
43
47
35
33
22
27
18
13
29
42
26
39
38
41
25
24
15
20
14
11
22
36
20
45
46
43
51
49
59
60
67
71
55
44
59
50
51
49
63
59
67
68
68
76
63
51
65
50
50
50
69
64
72
73
68
79
67
55
68
5.2
4.9
5.5
3.0
3.0
1.9
2.4
1.7
1.7
2.8
4.7
2.6
36
29
43
58
29
44
78
62
76
44
28
49
4.7
4.7
4.8
4.4
3.8
3.9
3.3
2.0
1.0
3.8
4.9
2.7
4.3
3.9
4.6
2.9
3.0
3.5
2.2
0.3
0.9
3.1
4.4
2.3
19701990 19902007
SUMMARY INDICATORS
Sub-Saharan Africa
Eastern and Southern Africa
West and Central Africa
Middle East and North Africa
South Asia
East Asia and Pacific
Latin America and Caribbean
CEE/CIS
Industrialized countries
Developing countries
Least developed countries
World
383988
186875
197113
153178
614747
559872
197226
100110
204334
1962419
383853
2213456
Also includes territories within each country category or regional group. Countries and territories in each country category or regional group are listed on page 152.
Urban population Percentage of population living in urban areas as defined according to the
national definition used in the most recent population census.
NOTES
S TAT I S T I C A L TA B L E S
141
19701990
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei Darussalam
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo
Cook Islands
Costa Rica
Cte dIvoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Fiji
Finland
250x
3290
3620
d
2560
11520
6050
2640
35960
42700
2550
15730x
19350
470
d
4220
40710
3800
570
1770
1260
3580
5840
5910
26930x
4590
430
110
540
1050
39420
2430
380
540
8350
2360
3250
680
1540
5560
910
10460
c
24940
14450
a
140
54910
1090
4250
3550
3080
1580
2850
12860
230
13200
220
3800
44400
-0.7x
1.6
0.4x
8.3x
-0.7
1.5
2.4
1.8
-1.3x
0.6
1.5
2.2
2.9
0
6.8x
-1.1
8.2
2.3
-2.2x
3.4x
1.3
1.1
3.3
2
-1.3
-1
1.5
6.6
2
0.1x
3.2
0.7
-1.9
5.9x
-2.4
2
4.7x
2.1
1.3
4.3
-1.8
1.5x
0.6x
2.8
142
Average
annual
rate of
inflation
(%)
19902007 19902007
GNI per
capita
(US$)
2007
5.2
1.4
2.9
1.7
1.5
5.8
2.4
1.8
2.8
0.4x
2.4x
3.1
1.3x
3.4
1.8
2.4
1.3
5.2
1.3
10.8x
4.2
1.2
-0.3x
2.3
2.5
-2.7
6.2x
0.6
2.2
3.3
-0.8
2.4
3.7
8.9
1
-0.4
-0.2
2.5
-0.7
3
3.6x
2.2
2.4
-4.3
1.9
-2.1
2.4
3.8
1.2
2.5
1.8
21.1
-0.3x
5.2
2.2
1.5x
2.8
%
of population
below
international
% of central government
poverty line
expenditure (19972006*)
of US$1.25
allocated to:
per day
2005
defence
health
education
18
13
319
2
6
69
2
2
71
3x
2x
4
3x
162
2
1
6
7
7
5x
8
72
4x
51
3
12
3x
4
2
4
3
7
6
5
14
4
8
13
6
33
4x
4
7
335
2
3
1
11
5
7
4
13
12x
24
5
4x
2
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
1
7
54
5
11
50y
47
26
20
0
31
8y
0
57
81
40
33
21
62
62
1
16y
15
46
54
2
23
0
59
19
5
10
2
14
0
39
4
17
34x
6
2
12
3
14
10
4
3
5x
17x
8x
3
6
14x
23
10
6
7
12
13
10
0
4x
4
4
4
18
5
4
13x
9
3
5
17
6x
4
4
4
6x
15
14
1
16
8
7
3
16
8x
6x
9
10
5x
6
11
7x
2
3
9
8x
15
0
9
21
4x
13
23x
6
16
0
1
10
11x
3
14
16
1
9x
3
2
24
15x
10
10
4
20
15
17
4
3
20x
31x
13
22
26x
6
5
17x
15
12
3
8x
17
2
20
22
21x
8
10x
12
10
0
12
13
18x
15
14
7
5
18x
10
ODA inflow
in millions
US$
2006
ODA inflow
as a % of
recipient
GNI
2006
3000
321
209
171
3
114
213
206
57x
1223
-1
73
8
375
94
581
494
65
82
871
415
529
1684
138
134
284
83
1245
988
30
254
32
24
251
200
78
55
2056
117
19
53
189
873
157
27
129
1947
56
37
3
0
1
0
0
4
1x
2
0
0
1
8
10
6
4
1
0
14
52
8
9
13
9
6
0
0
1
7
7
0
0
2
0
0
0
27
14
7
0
0
1
1
1
15
15
2
Debt service
as a % of
exports of
goods and services
1990
2006
4x
62
30
17
5
7
31
4
19
19
6
41
0x
18
5
8
2
20
10
39
2
32
21
26
4x
4
7
27
18
14
2
33
12
13
13
6
16
6x
8
7
1
36
10
40
1
15x
19
2
31
2x
4
0
33
6
13x
8
23
5
12
7
1
TABLE 7
France
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Grenada
Guatemala
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Holy See
Honduras
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Iraq
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Lao Peoples Democratic Republic
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mexico
Micronesia (Federated States of)
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Montenegro
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nauru
Average
annual
rate of
inflation
(%)
19902007 19902007
GNI per
capita
(US$)
2007
19701990
38500
6670
320
2120
38860
590
29630
4670
2440
400
200
1300
560
1600
11570
54100
950
1650
3470
2170x
48140
21900
33540
3710
37670
2850
5060
680
1170
31640
590
580
9930
5770
1000
150
9010
d
9920
75880
320
250
6540
3200
500
15310
3070
840
5450
8340
2470
1260
d
1290
5180
2250
320
220x
3360
2.2
0.3
0.9
3.2
2.3x
-2.1
1.3
4.9
0.2
0.3x
-0.2
-1.5
-0.3
0.8
3
3.2
2.1
4.7
-2.3
2.8
1.9
2.8
-1.3
3
2.5x
1.2
-5.3
-6.8x
3.4
3.1
-4.2
-4.9x
2.7
-2.4
-0.1
4
-0.3
6.5
-0.9
5.1x
1.6
1.8x
2
-1x
1.5
-2.3x
1.6
-0.7
0.2
1.8
1.4
2.1
2.7
2.5
1.4
1.3
-2.6
3.1
-2.1
1.5
3.3
2.4
4.5
2.3
2.5
5.8
1.7
1.2
0.8
0.9
2
3.2
0
1.8
1.1x
-0.5
4.2
4.7
2.5
1.8
1.9
3
3.2
-0.4
0.3
3.2
5.5x
2.2
2.7x
-2
0.6
3.7
1.6
-0.2
-1.3
2.2
3.4x
2
4.1
6.8x
1.8
1
6
8
102
1
24
6
2
7
8
16
8
18
15
13
4
6
15
23
4
6
3
15
-1
2
75
11
2
4x
46
25
21
8
8
42
29
2
14
30
4
1x
5
3
5
8
6
14
2
52
30
3
20
24x
9
%
of population
below
international
% of central government
poverty line
expenditure (19972006*)
of US$1.25
allocated to:
per day
2005
defence
health
education
5
34
13
30
12
70
49
8
55
22
0
42y
21y
1
0
3
20
22
44
0
43
84
68
74
1
51
21
22
3
75
49
6x
4x
23
4
5x
8
11x
29x
4x
7x
3
0
14
7
14
3
19
3
2
4x
19
6
6
14
7
5
11
5
9x
5
1
5
5x
11
5
8x
2
1
3
13
35x
23
7x
16x
7x
7
19
7x
7
10x
11x
3x
1x
10x
6
27
2
1
6
16
12
3
7
2x
10
5
7
6
12
12
2
6
5x
12
13
8
7x
6
8
2x
14
4x
9
5
13
3
5x
3
10x
7x
12x
11
1
22x
11
17x
17x
11x
3x
19x
5
11
4
4
7
14
15
10
15
6x
16
6
26
12
11
6
7
25
11x
7
10
13
12x
23
14
9x
13
23x
15
25
18
10x
13
22x
ODA inflow
in millions
US$
2006
ODA inflow
as a % of
recipient
GNI
2006
31
74
361
1176
27
487
164
82
173
581
587
1379
1405
121
8661
37
580
172
943
-45
311
364
707
72
269
37
754
669
240
39
825
11x
55
188
19
247
109
228
203
1586
1046
1611
147
145
17
0
15
5
10
6
1
4
27
20
14
0
0
0
0
4
0
5
-36
12
13
3
4
57
0
14
30
0
4
13
0x
28
8
0
0
41
6
9
68
2
23
0
2
0
Debt service
as a % of
exports of
goods and services
1990
2006
4
18
21
2
11
18
21
20x
4
30
30
25
31
1
20
18
26
8
0x
32
23
12
4
8
24
6
16
17x
18
21
17
5x
11
7
5x
4
17x
35x
3
3
5
32
7
9
11
5
33
6
29
19
4
0
21
5x
4
5
4
6
19
10
12
2
1
S TAT I S T I C A L TA B L E S
143
Nepal
Netherlands
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Niue
Norway
Occupied Palestinian Territory
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Qatar
Republic of Korea
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Samoa
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovakia
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Thailand
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Timor-Leste
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Tuvalu
Uganda
144
Average
annual
rate of
inflation
(%)
19902007 19902007
GNI per
capita
(US$)
2007
19701990
340
45820
28780
980
280
930
76450
1230
11120
870
8210
5510
850
1670
3450
1620
9840
18950
12000x
19690
6150
7560
320
9630
5530
4210
2430
45130
870
15440
820
4730
8960
260
32470
11730
20960
730
140x
5760
29450
1540
960
4730
2580
46060
59880
1760
460
3400
3460
1510
360
2320
14100
3200
8020
b
340
1.2
1.5
0.8
-3.7
-2.2
-1.4
3.2
3.3
3
0.3
-0.7
2.8
-0.6
0.8
2.6
6.2
0.9x
1.1
6.3x
5.3x
3.3
-1.5
-0.7
2.9
-0.4
5.6
3.4
-0.9
0.1
1.9
3
0.1
-2.4x
3.1
1.8
1.2
2
-0.6
0.5
2.5
1.9
1.9
2.1
2
1.9
-0.6
1.2
2.6
-2.9x
2.2x
1.6
2.6
-0.6
-0.3
2.7
1.7
4.4
1.9
4.4
2.3
1.2
1.1
2.8
1.3
3
2.6
0.3
1.1
2.6x
1.4
-0.4
3.8
3.3
3.5
-1.6
1
2.4
3.9
3.6
1.8
-0.3
2.2
0.7
1.5
-2.2
2.9
0.5
-0.2
2
5.1
3.4
2.2
-6.8x
3.1
%
of population
below
international
% of central government
poverty line
expenditure (19972006*)
of US$1.25
allocated to:
per day
2005
defence
health
education
7
2
2
21
4
23
4
4x
2x
10
3x
2
8
11
13
7
13
4
4
57
71
9
3
2
2
6
4
4
3
19
1
8
15
7
8
4
9
38
54
12
2
1
7
99
3
30
4
4
5
4
52
408x
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
55
16
66
64
23
9
36
9
8
23
0
1
0
77
21
34
53
0
0
26
14
16
63
21
0
0
53
39
4
3
3
25
52
11
4
3
6x
3x
33
18
4
11x
5
4
3
10
5
12
36x
7
3
10x
31
5
3
38x
4
18
28
8
5
5
24
9
6
11x
2
5
8
26x
5
10
16
13x
1x
16
7
1
18
7
7x
13
2
11
16
0
14
8
5x
12
18
6x
3
9
10x
6
19
15
1x
15
6
1
8
3
0
2
2
9
5x
7x
9
5
3
2x
18
11
19
15x
3x
15
2
16
22
22x
7
19
12
16
14
5
4
26x
16
14x
14
8
13x
22
4
13
2x
2
10
8
20
6
5
9
4
20
20x
13x
17
20
10
15x
ODA inflow
in millions
US$
2006
514
733
401
11434
9
1449
35
2147
37
30
279
56
468
562
585
5
18
5
47
22
25
825
96
14
364
53x
205
392
718
796
2058
64
35
27
240
-216
200
210
79
21
13
432
570
26
15
1551
ODA inflow
as a % of
recipient
GNI
2006
14
11
12
0
33
0
2
23
0
6
1
1
0
25
1
2
1
11
17
0
9
0
2
27
0x
62
0
0
3
7
4
1
0
9
0
3
24
4
10
0
1
0
0
0
17
Debt service
as a % of
exports of
goods and services
1990
2006
12
2
12
22
12
16
3
37
12
6
23
4
9
3
2
3
5
28
14
7
8
10
25x
10
4
20
14
8
2
22
27
47
4
5x
16x
1
8
25
9x
6
12
18
24
16
13
9
22x
6x
11x
6
37
10x
18
8
7
4
1
5
9
15
0x
3
13
25
TABLE 7
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United Republic of Tanzania
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
Viet Nam
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Average
annual
rate of
inflation
(%)
19902007 19902007
%
of population
below
international
% of central government
poverty line
expenditure (19972006*)
of US$1.25
allocated to:
per day
2005
defence
health
education
GNI per
capita
(US$)
2007
19701990
2550
26210x
42740
400
46040
6380
730
1840
7320
790
870
800
340
-4.8x
2
2.2
0.9
1.1x
-1.6
-2.3
-0.4
-0.7
-0.3x
2.4
1.8
2
1.5
1.2
-0.4
-0.2
6
1.6
0.1
-2.1x
93
3x
3
15
2
18
106
3
35
10
17
34
62x
88
0
46
18
21
18
64
3
30
7
16x
20
4
19
4
7
3
7
15
6x
25
7
8
4
4
13
8
965
1245
698
3666
889
2742
5628
5686
38579
2405
491
7952
-0.1
-0.6
-0.1
2.1
5.7
1.4
2.3
2.4
-0.2
2.3
1.3
1.4
1.3
1.6
4.1
6.8
1.5
1.6
1.9
4
2.5
2.4
35
40
26
11
6
5
35
67
2
18
60
8
51
49
53
4
40
17
8
4
25
54
15
14
11
4
9
12
10
14
11
5
2
1
7
7
18
3
5
14
Debt service
as a % of
exports of
goods and services
ODA inflow
in millions
US$
2006
ODA inflow
as a % of
recipient
GNI
2006
1990
2006
6
17
4
8x
3
8
21
14
22
14
24
484
1825
21
149
49
58
1846
284
1425
280
14
0
1
13
0
3
2
19
6
25
31
2
22
4
13
19
16
43
1
13
2
2
3
14
5
7
14
6
4
9
14
6
35799
13793
22006
16660
9191
7477
5989
5928
77364
28181
81045
6
3
11
1
1
0
0
0
1
9
0
17
14
19
21
21
16
20
19
12
18
7
7
8
7
4
21
17
10
6
11
SUMMARY INDICATORS
Sub-Saharan Africa
Eastern and Southern Africa
West and Central Africa
Middle East and North Africa
South Asia
East Asia and Pacific
Latin America and Caribbean
CEE/CIS
Industrialized countries
Developing countries
Least developed countries
World
Also includes territories within each country category or regional group. Countries and territories in each country category or regional group are listed on page 152.
GNI per capita Gross national income (GNI) is the sum of value added by all resident producers
plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of
primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. GNI per capita is
gross national income divided by midyear population. GNI per capita in US dollars is converted
using the World Bank Atlas method.
GDP per capita Gross domestic product (GDP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers
plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output. GDP per capita is
gross domestic product divided by midyear population. Growth is calculated from constant price
GDP data in local currency.
% of population below international poverty line of US$1.25 per day Percentage of
population living on less than US$1.25 per day at 2005 prices, adjusted for purchasing power
parity. The new poverty threshold reflects revisions to purchasing power parity exchange rates
based on the results of the 2005 International Comparison Program. The revisions reveal that the
cost of living is higher across the developing world than previously estimated. As a result of these
revisions, poverty rates for individual countries cannot be compared with poverty rates reported in
previous editions. More detailed information on the definition, methodology and sources of the
data presented is available at <www.worldbank.org>.
NOTES
S TAT I S T I C A L TA B L E S
145
TABLE 8. WOMEN
Maternal mortality ratio
Countries and
territories
Life
expectancy:
females as a
% of males
2007
Adult
literacy rate:
females as a
% of males
20002007*
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei Darussalam
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo
Cook Islands
Costa Rica
Cte dIvoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
100
109
104
108
111
110
106
107
112
108
104
103
107
119
108
108
104
105
107
107
100
111
106
110
106
106
109
102
106
109
106
105
108
105
111
107
105
106
104
110
105
107
108
29
99
79
65
100
100
99
96
82
100
53
63
90
95
100
101
96
99
59
78
79
78
88
52
31
100
93
100
87
89
101
63
98
100
98
63
99
98
101
99
105
101
101
97
103
100
104
99
98
100
101
84
100
101
103
102
100
99
82
97
98
100
99
72
70
100
100
95
90
103
102
80
99
101
100
103
Democratic Peoples
Republic of Korea
106
Democratic Republic
of the Congo
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Fiji
Finland
France
Gabon
106
106
105
109
108
107
109
105
109
117
105
107
108
109
101
67
101
98
73
94
86
100
46
91
101
82
106
103
101
96
100
90
87
99
92
100
100
100
99
89
97
104
97
98
93
101
100
146
60
100
99
102
99
98
100
106
101
100
87
91
99
97
103
100x
90
97
102
94
100x
84
76
102
100
101
102
87
98
106
103
110
104
102
96
102
105
104
101
102
96
108
50
101
98
114
111
105
98
72
85
113
71
33
111
101
110
110
57
102
103
102
Antenatal care
coverage (%)
20002007*
At least
once
At least
four times
Delivery care
coverage (%)
20002007*
Skilled
attendant Institutional
at birth
delivery
2005
20002007*
reported
Adjusted
Lifetime
risk of
maternal
death. 1 in:
33
97
112
90
102
98
111
114
102
103
66
98
100
122
119x
91
79
90
93
64
51
111
103
104
110
69
10
60
61
6
53
53
51x
51
62x
56
55x
73
78x
34
17
35y
58
36
48
77x
86x
17
9
40
29
75x
61
19
3
58y
85
78
26
21
44
96
13
77
69x
16
97
89
80
100
99
93
100x
100x
77
98
97x
51
100
99
94
84
88
79
99
97
97
100x
85
92
69
82
98
69
39
95x
90
94
75
86
92
85
100
99x
89y
71
45
21
76x
61
58
87
18
27
60
64x
40x
18
83
52x
75
45
97x
14
100
95
47
100
99
98
100x
100x
88
99
98x
18
100
100
96
74
56
67
100
94
88x
99x
99
54
34
44
63
98
78
53
14
100
98
96
62
83
98
99
57
100
100
100
13
98
95
46
99
97
78
98x
15
100
88
78
55
57
100
80x
97
51
29
22
61
78
51
13
100
88
92
43x
82
94
54
1600
20
120x
0
48
27
29
46x
320
0x
12
42
400
260
230
9
330x
53
0x
7
480x
620
470
670
15
540
1100
20
41
73
380
780
6x
36
540
10
21
0x
8
1800
92
180
1400
77
76
4
4
82
16
32
570
16
18
8
52
840
440
290
3
380
110
13
11
700
1100
540
1000
7
210
980
1500
16
45
130
400
740
30
810
7
45
10
4
8
490
220
12
530
980
13300
21500
670
2700
1300
51
4400
4800
7800
560
20
55
89
29000
130
370
2900
7400
22
16
48
24
11000
120
25
11
3200
1300
290
52
22
1400
27
10500
1400
6400
18100
62x
97
110x
370
140
103
66
110
122
102
94
105
67
102
65
110
100
102
81
84
145
93
95
92
77
106
31
18
50x
73
73
59
67
8
70
15
44
75x
33
85
92
100
99
84
70
86
86
70
28
100x
99x
94
95
58
59
71
41
12
63
74
61
99
98
99x
74
92
65
28
100
6
99
100x
99x
86
70
74
98
74
65
69
26
100
85
1300
10x
74x
0
160
110
84
71
1000x
7
670
34
6x
10x
520
1100
3
650
150
210
130
170
680
450
25
720
210
7
8
520
13
17800
35
230
170
230
190
28
44
2900
27
160
8500
6900
53
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
TABLE 8
Maternal mortality ratio
Countries and
territories
Life
expectancy:
females as a
% of males
2007
Gambia
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Grenada
Guatemala
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Holy See
Honduras
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Iraq
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
103
112
107
101
106
105
111
106
107
109
106
110
112
104
105
106
105
107
106
105
108
108
109
105
118
104
105
113
Lao Peoples
Democratic Republic
Adult
literacy rate:
females as a
% of males
20002007*
81
98
86
42
72
106
102
100
71
93
88
76
99
113
93
100
90
97
100
Antenatal care
coverage (%)
20002007*
At least
once
At least
four times
109
103
100
97
100
99
96
86
71
102
99
99
96
97
110
86
101
101
99
100
100
102
100
102
101
99
99
103
101
100
94x
87
97
100
107
104
96
101
97
88
100
100
99
100
103
94
105
91
101
102
92
57
55
100
102
100
94
70
106
100
101
105
100
103
100
97
111
105
102
87
98
99
103x
66
88
110
117
123
83
104
75
105
104
100
114
103
18
47
75x
17
54y
43
9
10
34
32
65
77x
56
61
79
50
60x
69
56
57
51
39
21x
50x
48
98
94
92
100
84
82
78
81
85
92
74
93
77x
84
91
99
100
88
88x
95x
97
75
69
49
54
81
37
81
94y
87x
94
70x
52
81x
Delivery care
coverage (%)
20002007*
Skilled
attendant Institutional
at birth
delivery
2005
20002007*
reported
Lifetime
risk of
maternal
death. 1 in:
Adjusted
57
98
50
100
41
38
39
83
26
67
100
47
72
97
89
100
97
100x
99
100
42
85x
98x
98
55
96
49
42
31
36
83
25
67
39
40
96
63
100
94
99
100
40
98x
97
730
23
8x
210x
1x
0
130
980
410
120
630
110x
8
300
310
25
84
6x
5x
7x
95
8x
41x
70
410
56
5x
100
690
66
4
560
3
290
910
1100
470
670
280
6
4
450
420
140
300
1
4
3
170
6
62
140
560
4
150
32
1100
19200
45
25900
71
19
13
90
44
93
13300
12700
70
97
300
72
47600
7800
26600
240
11600
450
360
39
9600
240
104
83
94
95
86
84
38
27
19
410
660
33
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mexico
Micronesia
(Federated States of)
116
106
99
104
107
116
108
106
101
107
102
109
105
106
110
107
100
123
85
83
100
85
82
95
100
51
104
76
94
96
103
99
104
97
103
99
101
100
106
100
100
79
99
99
105
102
99
99
108
104
102
74
105
100
110
154
58
111
101
105
104
93
110
109
107
108
90
102
99
113
171
125
96
68
82
48x
58
37
11
45x
47x
27
42
55x
39
8
34
8
76
71
96
90
85
81x
80
92
79
81
70
64
86x
70
40
57
35
16
100
98x
55
51
94x
100
100
51
54
98
84
45
98x
95x
57
98
93
52
37
32
54
98
45
49
98
86
9
100x
760x
580x
77x
13
0x
470
810
28
140
460
74
750
22
62
10
150
960
1200
97
11
12
510
1100
62
120
970
8
820
15
60
8500
290
45
12
350
7800
5000
38
18
560
200
15
8300
22
3300
670
102
270x
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Montenegro
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nauru
111
110
106
106
102
111
101
99
101
63
58
92
99
100
102
94
93
101
106
102
102
99
95
90
102
101
104
113
84
91
100
132
103
106
101
93
80
94
132
45x
88
68
66
39
63
17
34
55
98
99
97
68
85
76
95
89
31
53
70
100
99
99
63
48
57
81
99
99
100
61
48
16
81
16
90
23
230
410
320
270
22
46
240
520
380
210
3700
840
150
45
110
170
S TAT I S T I C A L TA B L E S
147
TABLE 8. WOMEN
Maternal mortality ratio
Countries and
territories
Life
expectancy:
females as a
% of males
2007
Adult
literacy rate:
females as a
% of males
20002007*
83
132
65
87
48
79x
75x
72
11
13
Antenatal care
coverage (%)
20002007*
Delivery care
coverage (%)
20002007*
Skilled
attendant Institutional
at birth
delivery
At least
once
At least
four times
44
95x
90
46
58
29
78
15
47
19
100x
100x
74
33
35
100
18
66
17
33
2005
20002007*
reported
Nepal
Netherlands
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Niue
Norway
102
106
105
109
97
102
106
62
102
37
80
96
99
100
100
71
86
101
95
108
70
88
101
103
116
63
84
105x
101
280
15x
87
650
6x
Occupied Palestinian
Territory
104
92
100
101
106
50
99
99
97
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Qatar
Republic of Korea
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
104
101
107
111
106
107
106
112
108
102
110
110
123
107
105
87
59
99
86
99
90
101
99
97
100
99
100
84
102
78
96
99
101
102
102
101
99
101
93
100
100
107
122
98
85
100
101
102
103
99
77
111
106
100
121
102
110
98
94
98
87
124
78
99
100
127
88
32
30
17
26x
73
71
51
49x
43x
81x
70
17
54y
47x
100
61
72x
78x
94
91
88
94
94
100
99
83y
28
79
87
70
76
13
98
39
100
91
41
77
71
60
100
100
99x
100x
98
100
39
100
100
98
34
92
74
72
38
98x
98
28
13
530x
0x
66
370x
120
190
160
3
8x
10x
20x
15
24
750
0
0
830
6
9
170
1800
1100
31
10200
5900
150
7
18
7700
64
320
130
470
150
240
230
8
11
12
14
24
28
1300
420
74
270
55
170
140
140
10600
6400
2700
6100
3200
2700
16
18
980
2100
14
6
6
220
1400
400
4
58
450
72
390
3
5
130
170
110
1400
21
8
6200
13800
14200
100
12
110
16400
850
53
530
120
17400
13800
210
160
500
106
96
124
48y
95
100
Samoa
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovakia
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Thailand
The former Yugoslav
Republic of Macedonia
109
106
106
107
106
108
105
111
110
103
105
103
108
111
105
110
100
106
107
105
108
113
99
89
89
61
101
54
94
100
98
98
96
73
95
97
85
100
97
100
101
98
100
101
101
100
99
100
99
100
83
103
101
100
99
95
96
99
101
102
100
101
82
104x
93
99
103
100
99
100
114
111
76
106
71
101
87
112
103
138
121
100
95
95
84
111
105
78
103
79
51
117x
133
121
132
101
83
109
43x
30
32x
12
41
5
62x
74x
74x
7
15
60
81x
68
7
46
51
82x
58
38
77
97
90x
87
98
81
98x
26
92
99
60
90
85
84
77
98
40
6
73x
79
100x
81
91x
52
99
43
100x
100
100
85x
33
92
99
87
90
69
93
83
97
78
91x
62
99
19
98
88
74
70
62
97
107
97
100
96
98
99
94
99
99
10
6500
Timor-Leste
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
103
106
103
106
106
107
114
56
100
99
80
84
100
96
87
97
100
101
96
98
93
100
98
96
100
48
125
104
110
86
70
107
83
100
20
17
33
43
66
71
48
61
84
96
92
81
99
30
46x
54
83
18
62
95
98
90
83
100
10
63
97
89
78
98
480x
78
45x
69x
29
14
380
510
45
100
44
130
35
38
1400
500
880
290
148
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
Adjusted
Lifetime
risk of
maternal
death. 1 in:
29
150
400
13
57
1800
6x
4
17
140x
1000
170
6x
43
550x
150
590
5x
5x
65
97
12
TABLE 8
Maternal mortality ratio
Life
expectancy:
females as a
% of males
2007
Countries and
territories
Tuvalu
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United Republic of
Tanzania
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Adult
literacy rate:
females as a
% of males
20002007*
Antenatal care
coverage (%)
20002007*
At least
once
At least
four times
Delivery care
coverage (%)
20002007*
Skilled
attendant Institutional
at birth
delivery
2005
20002007*
reported
Adjusted
Lifetime
risk of
maternal
death. 1 in:
103
119
106
106
80
100
98
100
100
101
99
102
90
101
102
104
94
102
32
24
67
28x
84
94
99
97x
47
100
42
99
99x
99x
41
99
99x
440
17
3x
7x
550
18
37
8
25
5200
1000
8200
104
107
110
110
106
83
101
98
95
99
102
100
99
106
100
90
100
87
108
98
26
76x
84
65
28
78
94x
99
62
97
79x
43
99x
100x
100
88x
47
97
580
8x
35
28
68x
950
11
20
24
24
4800
2100
1400
Venezuela (Bolivarian
Republic of)
108
99
100
102
114
147
77x
94
95
95
61
57
610
Viet Nam
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
105
105
101
97
93x
53
78x
94
76
104
101
100
60x
105
102
53
80
96
102
37x
112
93
76
28
34
60
91
41
93
94
29
11x
72
71
88
36
43
69
64
24
44
68
160
370
730
560
150
430
830
880
280
39
27
43
93
95
84
87
23
72
42
45
40
920
22
SUMMARY INDICATORS
Sub-Saharan Africa
104
Eastern and
Southern Africa
104
79
98
101
90
92
30
72
40
40
33
760
29
72
86
89
77
84
17
71
44
49
46
1100
17
75
105
78
94
96
92
97
56
72
81
71
210
140
104
106
71
93
94
99
95
101**
103**
85
105**
53
78
68
89
34
66**
41
87
35
73
500
150
59
350
109
115
108
105
104
106
99
97
86
72
88
100
98
101
96
94
97
101
98
96**
97
96**
107
95
101
97**
86
98**
96
91**
94
91**
69
64
72
60
29
62
94
90
77
64
77
83
46**
32
47**
85
94
61
39
62
86
89
54
32
54
130
46
8
450
870
400
280
1300
8000
76
24
92
Also includes territories within each country category or regional group. Countries and territories in each country category or regional group are listed on page 152.
NOTES
x
y
*
**
The maternal mortality data in the column headed reported are those reported
by national authorities. Periodically, UNICEF, WHO, UNFPA and the World Bank
evaluate these data and make adjustments to account for the well-documented
problems of under-reporting and misclassification of maternal deaths and to
develop estimates for countries with no data. The column with adjusted
estimates for the year 2005 reflects the most recent of these reviews.
S TAT I S T I C A L TA B L E S
149
Attitude
towards
domestic
violence
20012007*
total
urban
rural
total
total
total
total
13
73
26
45
36
93
96
89
74
78
96
45
32
85
72
2
19
76
21
47
34
93
92
86
69
72
94
39
21
81
60
2
28
15
71
29
44
39
96
98
91
76
83
96
48
36
87
84
2
14
25
7
21
49
28y
63
38
64
57
35
21
69
66
1
10
30
68
22
49
12
47
71
55
56
76
65
50
81
74
7
47
86
52
18
29
16
54
25
59
6
90
10
68
38
28
28
70
75
21
20
11
35
23
17
70
65
16
1y
12y
21
44
10
33
1y
48
3y
2y
3y
5y
8y
30
21
2y
21
24
30
26
14
49
86
75
83
68
36
83
92
88
90
70
83
92
84
66
89
80
74
84
87
52
51
79
61
95
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
Angola
Argentina
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Belarus
Belize
Benin
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo
Costa Rica
Cte dIvoire
Cuba
Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Djibouti
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Ghana
Guatemala
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
India
Indonesia
Iraq
Jamaica
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kyrgyzstan
Lao Peoples Democratic Republic
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Maldives
Mali
Mauritania
Mexico
Moldova
Mongolia
Montenegro
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Occupied Palestinian Territory
Pakistan
Panama
Paraguay
150
total
male
female
30
12
5
24
7y
4y
7y
5
13
5
40
46
19y
22
5
6y
47y
19
45y
31
3y
47
53
3
5
27
25
5
35
32
8
10
12
7
6y
28
53
25
18
34
29
25
39
19
21
16
12
4y
11
6
2
26
4
25
7
23
32
29
34
4y
16y
32
18
10
11y
13y
31y
15
43
13y
3
15
28
14
6
22
8y
8y
6
18
6
39
47
16y
22
7
7y
46y
19
45y
31
4y
44
54
3
6
26
24
6
36
29
8
12
12
8
9y
28
59
20
20
34
25
26
41
21
22
16
12
5y
12
7
2
27
4
24
8
25
36
28
35
5y
15y
32
19
12
13y
15y
30y
18
43
5
17
33
9
4
25
5y
5y
3
8
4
42
45
22y
22
4
4y
48y
19
45y
30
3y
49
51
2
4
28
25
3
34
34
8
7
13
5
4y
28
46
29
17
34
32
24
37
17
19
15
12
4y
9
5
2
25
3
26
6
21
28
29
33
3y
16y
33
17
8
9y
12y
33y
11
43
2
12
Child marriage
19982007*
Birth registration
20002007*
43
8
2
10
12
64
7
34
26
6
10x
24x
48
18
23
36
61
72
23
30x
31
35
5
40
22
17
27
47
49
34
36
17
22
34
63
24
20
30
39
47
24
17
9
10
7
25
10
11
23
40
39
50
71
35
28x
19
9
5
16
56
9
51
43
75
43
19
32x
24x
7
2
58
6
19
22
2
13x
22x
29
14
18
23
57
65
19
23x
24
27
5
38
31
27
30
24
12
15
25
45
14
15
27
33
29
15
16
7
6
19
7
13
29
38
60
27
31x
16
7
5
12
41
41
36
42
27
21x
18x
8
2
16
69
10
47
37
7
9x
30x
61
18
25
57
64
73
38
33x
40
43
13
47
22
60
55
49
45
23
28
44
75
32
22
33
46
56
33
19
11
9
27
14
26
42
53
77
44
21x
22
12
5
21
66
54
55
84
52
37x
32x
6
98
99
29
91y
96
94
10
94
60
74
100
58
89y
64
60
66
70
49
9
95y
90
83
81y
55
100y
99
34
89
78
85
99
32
7
89
55
92
51
43
39
93
81
94
41
55
95
89
99
48y
94
59
26
75
73
53
56
98
98
98
85
65y
67
35
81
32
33y
96y
12
4
97
98
99
99
34
19
97
95
96
92
13
9
92
97
68
56
76
72
99 100
66
52
86
58
62
60
71
66
86
58
72
36
36
3
97
77
87
83
88y 75y
79
41
100y 100y
99
99
30
36
90
82
82
70
85
85
99
99
43
24
29
5
90
87
57
54
97
87
69
42
78
33
53
33
96
92
87
78
95
93
59
35
69
43
95
96
88
89
99
99
64y 44y
96
93
71
56
39
24
87
72
75
45
75
42
98
98
98
99
98
99
92
80
88y 59y
83
59
42
34
90
73
71
25
52y 25y
97y 96y
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
Child
disability
19992007*
Child
discipline
20052007*
TABLE 9
daughters
Attitude
towards
domestic
violence
20012007*
Child
disability
19992007*
Child
discipline
20052007*
total
total
Child marriage
19982007*
Birth registration
20002007*
male
female
20
13
4y
1
36
8
24
5
49
45
9
14
9
5
9
8
7
4
29
1
37
8
37
8y
2
9
15
11y
11y
12y
19
11
3y
1
35
7
21
4
48
54
7
12
9
3
11
8
5
4
30
1
36
7
34
8y
2
6
16
12y
12y
14y
18
14
13
33
39
6
56
45
8
12y
34
19
5
13
13
20
4
24
8
10x
18
7
46
6
41
10
32
42
34
13
10
9
31
23
4
34
35
5
24
14
1
15
13
12
3
15
7x
17
9
27
6
23
3
28
32
20
31
22
14
37
55
8
66
52
12
40
33
6
12
13
23
4
36
14x
22
6
52
10
49
13
35
49
44
36n
38
34n
10
13
11**
11
5
17***
31
34n
33
35n
8
12
10**
10
5
15***
28
40
36
44
18
49
19**
11
36**
49
25
20
28
12
32
12**
11
22**
37
48
43
55
23
58
25**
13
46**
55
Peru
19
Philippines
12
Portugal
3y
Romania
1
Rwanda
35
Sao Tome and Principe
8
Senegal
22
Serbia
4
Sierra Leone
48
Somalia
49
South Africa
Sri Lanka
8
Sudan
13
Suriname
Swaziland
9
Syrian Arab Republic
4
Tajikistan
10
Thailand
8
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 6
Timor-Leste
4
Togo
29
Trinidad and Tobago
1
Tunisia
Turkey
5
Turkmenistan
Uganda
36
Ukraine
7
United Republic of Tanzania
36
Uruguay
8y
Uzbekistan
2
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
8
Viet Nam
16
Yemen
11y
Zambia
12y
Zimbabwe
13y
93
83
82
69
55
99
48
3
78y
33
97
30
95
88
99
94
53y
78
96
84
96
21
100
8
100
92
88
22
10
74
95
87
79
70
75
99
62
6
53
98
38
96
85
100
95
93
87
96
24
100
22
100
94
38
16
83
90
78
83
67
44
99
44
2
22
95
28
95
90
99
93
69
79
95
21
100
4
100
86
16
6
71
total
total
total
28
94
98
89
15
23x
1
22
86
97
88
26x
1
34
97
98
90
18
22x
1
20
35
46
43y
20x
24
48
32
65
6
85
76y
13
38
74y
21
53
8
39
38y
70
5
60
70
64
85
48
2y
29
14
34
39
15
21
11y
4y
29
73
92
84
87
74
69
90
75
70
93
94
34
43
28
30
36
28
37
46
29
19
28
14
65
65
64
53
34**
32
51**
89
total
urban
rural
SUMMARY INDICATORS
Sub-Saharan Africa
Eastern and Southern Africa
West and Central Africa
Middle East and North Africa
South Asia
East Asia and Pacific
Latin America and Caribbean
CEE/CIS
Industrialized countries
Developing countries
Least developed countries
World
35n
36
35n
9
13
10**
11
5
16***
30
37
32
41
75
36
72**
89
92
50**
29
52
41
57
86
52
81**
92
93
65**
42
30
24
35
67
30
67**
82
92
39**
25
Also includes territories within each country category or regional group. Countries and territories in each country category or regional group are listed on page 152.
NOTES
x
y
n
*
**
***
S TAT I S T I C A L TA B L E S
151
Summary indicators
Averages given at the end of each table are
calculated using data from the countries and
territories as grouped below.
Sub-Saharan Africa
Angola; Benin; Botswana; Burkina Faso;
Burundi; Cameroon; Cape Verde; Central
African Republic; Chad; Comoros; Congo;
Cte dIvoire; Democratic Republic of the
Congo; Equatorial Guinea; Eritrea; Ethiopia;
Gabon; Gambia; Ghana; Guinea; GuineaBissau; Kenya; Lesotho; Liberia; Madagascar;
Malawi; Mali; Mauritania; Mauritius;
Mozambique; Namibia; Niger; Nigeria;
Rwanda; Sao Tome and Principe; Senegal;
Seychelles; Sierra Leone; Somalia; South
Africa; Swaziland; Togo; Uganda; United
Republic of Tanzania; Zambia; Zimbabwe
Middle East and North Africa
Algeria; Bahrain; Djibouti; Egypt; Iran
(Islamic Republic of); Iraq; Jordan; Kuwait;
Lebanon; Libyan Arab Jamahiriya; Morocco;
Occupied Palestinian Territory; Oman; Qatar;
Saudi Arabia; Sudan; Syrian Arab Republic;
Tunisia; United Arab Emirates; Yemen
South Asia
Afghanistan; Bangladesh; Bhutan; India;
Maldives; Nepal; Pakistan; Sri Lanka
East Asia and Pacific
Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; China; Cook
Islands; Democratic Peoples Republic of
Korea; Fiji; Indonesia; Kiribati; Lao Peoples
Democratic Republic; Malaysia; Marshall
Islands; Micronesia (Federated States of);
Mongolia; Myanmar; Nauru; Niue; Palau;
Papua New Guinea; Philippines; Republic of
Korea; Samoa; Singapore; Solomon Islands;
Thailand; Timor-Leste; Tonga; Tuvalu;
Vanuatu; Viet Nam
Latin America and Caribbean
Antigua and Barbuda; Argentina; Bahamas;
Barbados; Belize; Bolivia; Brazil; Chile;
152
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
S TAT I S T I C A L TA B L E S
153
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei Darussalam
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo
Cook Islands
Costa Rica
Cte dIvoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Democratic Peoples
Republic of Korea
Democratic Republic
of the Congo
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Fiji
Finland
154
Under-5
mortality
rate
Average annual
rate of reduction (%)
Under-5
mortality
rank
1970
1990
2007
2
126
75
189
16
140
125
99
160
173
71
134
145
58
137
134
166
97
25
45
61
132
69
107
148
137
7
10
40
18
160
84
12
3
148
107
112
55
24
117
140
22
160
156
166
173
320
107
220
68
21
29
49
82
238
54
24
256
288
243
82
144
134
78
33
281
219
215
22
232
98
118
105
215
142
83
236
42
39
31
24
260
46
69
6
258
29
56
9
9
98
29
19
151
17
24
10
43
184
148
125
22
57
58
11
18
206
189
119
139
8
60
171
201
21
45
35
120
104
32
18
151
13
13
11
12
257
15
37
3
158
11
16
24
6
4
39
13
10
61
12
13
5
25
123
84
57
14
40
22
9
12
191
180
91
148
6
32
172
209
9
22
20
66
125
18
11
127
6
7
5
4
1.0
4.2
5.8
4.3
4.2
5.9
2.6
7.3
2.3
5.8
4.4
1.7
3.3
3.3
6.6
4.6
4.2
9.8
3.0
1.6
0.7
2.2
5.1
1.5
7.7
4.8
5.5
2.9
1.6
7.6
2.2
5.9
5.5
5.2
3.5
0.1
6.6
3.7
4.1
2.9
3.5
5.0
2.4
4.8
5.4
4.7
3.8
5.3
2.0
3.6
4.1
3.2
2.4
3.3
4.6
2.7
2.1
5.7
1.2
2.4
0.4
0.3
1.6
-0.4
1.7
3.7
0.0
-0.2
5.0
4.2
3.3
3.5
-1.1
3.4
2.9
1.0
4.5
3.6
4.6
6.5
1
67
46
50
39
45
57
33
56
60
55
47
60
29
46
50
42
33
43
54
36
30
62
18
33
7
5
24
-6
25
47
-1
-4
57
51
43
45
-20
44
39
16
54
46
55
67
62
70
55
55
1.2
0.0
15
173
22
140
73
107
77
99
4
50
160
27
117
173
235
16
60
131
140
236
162
237
20
241
16
200
9
175
18
66
57
93
60
170
147
18
204
22
7
161
4
127
11
38
22
36
24
206
70
6
119
18
4
0.8
2.9
6.0
3.4
4.5
4.7
5.0
2.4
0.5
0.8
4.1
1.3
4.8
1.9
2.9
3.2
5.6
5.6
5.4
-1.1
4.4
6.5
3.2
1.2
3.3
20
56
27
39
42
61
61
60
-21
52
67
42
18
43
19701990 19902007
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
Reduction
since 1990
(%)
-0.7x
1.6
0.4x
8.3x
-0.7
1.5
2.4
1.8
-1.3x
0.6
1.5
2.2
2.9
0
6.8x
-1.1
8.2
2.3
-2.2x
3.4x
1.3
1.1
3.3
2
-1.3
-1
1.5
6.6
2
0.1x
3.2
0.7
-1.9
5.9x
-2.4
2
4.7x
2.1
1.3
4.3
-1.8
1.5x
0.6x
2.8
5.2
1.4
2.9
1.7
1.5
5.8
2.4
1.8
2.8
0.4x
2.4x
3.1
1.3x
3.4
1.8
2.4
1.3
5.2
1.3
10.8x
4.2
1.2
-0.3x
2.3
2.5
-2.7
6.2x
0.6
2.2
3.3
-0.8
2.4
3.7
8.9
1
-0.4
-0.2
2.5
-0.7
3
3.6x
2.2
2.4
-4.3
1.9
-2.1
2.4
3.8
1.2
2.5
1.8
21.1
-0.3x
5.2
2.2
1.5x
2.8
Total
fertility rate
Average annual
rate of reduction (%)
1970
1990
2007
7.7
4.9
7.4
7.3
3.1
3.2
2.7
2.3
4.6
3.6
6.5
6.4
3.1
2.3
2.2
6.3
7.0
6.7
6.6
2.9
6.6
5.0
5.7
2.2
7.6
6.8
5.9
6.2
2.2
7.0
5.7
6.5
4.0
5.6
5.6
7.1
6.3
5.0
7.4
2.0
4.0
2.6
2.0
8.0
2.9
4.7
7.2
3.0
2.5
1.9
1.5
3.0
2.6
3.7
4.4
1.7
1.9
1.6
4.5
6.8
5.9
4.9
1.7
4.7
2.8
3.2
1.7
7.3
6.8
5.8
5.9
1.7
5.5
5.7
6.7
2.6
2.2
3.0
6.1
5.4
3.2
6.6
1.7
1.8
2.4
1.8
7.1
2.1
2.4
6.5
2.3
1.4
1.8
1.4
1.8
2.0
2.3
2.9
1.5
1.2
1.6
3.0
5.5
2.2
3.5
1.2
2.9
2.3
2.3
1.3
6.0
6.8
3.2
4.4
1.5
3.4
4.6
6.2
1.9
1.7
2.2
4.4
4.5
2.1
4.5
1.3
1.5
1.6
1.2
19701990 19902007
-0.2
2.6
2.3
0.1
0.1
1.2
1.9
2.3
2.2
1.6
2.8
1.9
3.1
1.0
1.7
1.7
0.2
0.6
1.5
2.6
1.7
2.9
2.8
1.2
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.2
1.5
1.2
0.0
-0.1
2.1
4.7
3.1
0.7
0.8
2.3
0.5
0.9
4.2
0.4
0.5
0.7
2.0
4.0
0.6
1.7
3.7
0.3
0.2
3.1
1.5
2.8
2.5
0.6
2.6
-0.2
2.5
1.3
5.7
1.9
2.0
2.8
1.3
2.0
1.6
1.1
0.0
3.5
1.8
0.5
2.8
1.2
0.4
1.8
1.4
1.8
2.0
1.0
2.4
2.2
1.3
0.9
2.5
2.3
4.0
2.4
1.9
2.6
1.5
6.4
2.1
7.4
6.2
6.3
6.2
6.4
5.7
6.6
2.1
6.8
4.5
1.9
6.7
1.7
6.2
3.3
3.7
4.4
3.7
5.9
6.2
1.9
6.8
3.4
1.7
6.7
1.8
4.0
2.8
2.6
2.9
2.7
5.4
5.1
1.5
5.3
2.8
1.8
-0.3
1.2
0.9
3.1
2.7
1.7
2.7
-0.2
0.3
0.4
0.0
1.5
0.3
0.0
-0.5
2.5
0.9
2.0
2.4
1.8
0.5
1.2
1.6
1.4
1.2
-0.2
TABLE 10
France
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Grenada
Guatemala
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Holy See
Honduras
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Iraq
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Lao Peoples
Democratic Republic
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mexico
Micronesia
(Federated States of)
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Montenegro
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nauru
Under-5
mortality
rate
Average annual
rate of reduction (%)
Total
fertility rate
Average annual
rate of reduction (%)
Under-5
mortality
rank
1970
1990
2007
1970
1990
2007
173
40
34
88
173
30
173
114
71
17
5
59
47
99
156
189
49
86
83
66
173
166
173
86
173
99
84
26
57
140
73
18
311
26
183
32
168
326
222
169
40
16
190
172
191
125
23
29
33
62
17
107
88
156
59
9
92
153
47
9
120
11
37
82
231
240
88
152
58
17
7
117
91
72
53
9
12
10
33
6
40
60
97
88
15
74
4
91
109
30
4
115
4
19
39
150
198
60
76
24
7
3
72
31
33
44
4
5
4
31
4
24
32
121
63
11
38
3.5
3.5
5.3
2.1
5.3
3.6
1.7
1.9
5.3
4.3
4.1
2.4
3.2
4.9
4.3
4.7
4.4
6.0
3.2
5.2
4.9
1.9
2.4
6.8
4.8
0.1
2.0
2.6
4.8
0.3
6.0
3.9
4.4
2.5
1.1
2.3
4.1
5.2
5.2
5.0
2.9
6.3
4.6
1.1
4.8
5.1
5.4
0.4
2.4
3.0
3.7
-1.3
2.0
1.8
3.9
56
1
29
36
56
4
64
49
52
35
18
32
50
59
59
57
38
66
54
17
56
58
60
6
33
40
47
-25
28
27
49
2.2
0.3
0.9
3.2
2.3x
-2.1
1.3
4.9
0.2
0.3x
-0.2
-1.5
-0.3
0.8
3
3.2
2.1
4.7
-2.3
2.8
1.9
2.8
-1.3
3
2.5x
1.2
-5.3
-6.8x
1.6
-0.7
0.2
1.8
1.4
2.1
2.7
2.5
1.4
1.3
-2.6
3.1
-2.1
1.5
3.3
2.4
4.5
2.3
2.5
5.8
1.7
1.2
0.8
0.9
2
3.2
0
1.8
1.1x
-0.5
2.5
4.8
6.7
2.6
2.0
6.7
2.4
4.6
6.2
7.0
6.8
5.6
5.8
7.3
2.0
3.0
5.4
5.5
6.6
7.2
3.9
3.8
2.4
5.5
2.1
7.9
3.5
8.1
7.2
4.9
1.8
4.8
6.0
2.1
1.4
5.8
1.4
3.7
5.6
6.7
7.1
2.6
5.4
5.1
1.8
2.2
4.0
3.1
5.0
5.9
2.1
3.0
1.3
2.9
1.6
5.5
2.8
5.9
3.5
3.9
1.9
3.1
4.8
1.4
1.4
3.9
1.3
2.3
4.2
5.5
7.1
2.3
3.6
3.3
1.3
2.0
2.8
2.2
2.0
4.3
2.0
2.8
1.4
2.5
1.3
3.1
2.3
5.0
2.2
2.5
1.7
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.9
0.7
2.5
1.1
0.6
0.2
-0.2
3.8
0.3
1.7
0.6
1.6
1.5
2.8
1.3
1.0
3.1
1.2
3.1
3.1
1.3
1.8
1.1
1.6
3.6
1.2
-0.5
2.6
1.4
2.4
0.0
2.3
0.5
2.8
1.7
1.2
0.0
0.6
2.5
2.5
2.0
0.3
2.0
2.1
5.3
1.9
0.4
0.4
-0.3
1.1
1.3
3.3
1.3
1.0
2.8
2.7
50
148
91
45
20
117
189
151
189
32
33
140
88
6
166
64
27
126
78
218
20
54
171
284
160
22
23
180
334
70
372
28
233
86
111
163
17
37
102
205
41
10
16
9
168
209
22
111
250
11
92
130
24
52
70
9
29
84
133
18
3
8
3
112
111
11
30
196
5
54
119
15
35
1.5
0.8
1.9
2.6
1.6
6.8
1.6
4.7
0.3
2.3
5.8
2.0
4.7
2.9
6.4
3.8
5.0
3.7
1.4
1.1
2.5
4.8
7.1
4.1
6.5
2.4
3.7
4.1
7.7
1.4
4.6
3.1
0.5
2.8
2.3
57
47
22
18
35
56
70
50
67
33
47
50
73
22
55
41
8
38
33
3.4
3.1
-4.2
-4.9x
2.7
-2.4
-0.1
4
-0.3
6.5
-0.9
5.1x
1.6
4.2
4.7
2.5
1.8
1.9
3
3.2
-0.4
0.3
3.2
5.5x
2.2
2.7x
-2
0.6
3.7
1.6
6.4
1.9
5.1
5.8
6.9
7.6
2.3
2.0
6.8
7.3
5.6
7.0
7.5
2.1
6.6
3.7
6.7
6.2
1.9
3.1
4.9
6.9
4.8
2.0
1.6
6.2
7.0
3.7
6.2
7.4
2.0
5.8
2.2
3.4
3.2
1.3
2.2
3.4
6.8
2.8
1.3
1.7
4.8
5.6
2.6
2.6
6.5
1.4
4.4
1.9
2.2
0.2
0.0
2.4
0.8
0.0
2.3
0.7
1.1
0.4
0.2
2.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.6
2.5
3.4
3.9
2.3
2.1
2.2
0.1
3.3
2.7
-0.3
1.5
1.2
2.1
5.1
0.8
2.4
1.6
1.1
2.5
69
117
173
67
145
81
14
36
53
88
65
184
277
179
126
58
37
9
98
16
89
201
130
87
40
18
4
43
10
34
168
103
68
30
2.8
3.6
1.6
1.6
1.9
2.2
4.2
4.8
4.8
2.8
5.7
1.1
1.4
1.4
31
51
56
56
38
62
16
21
22
1.8x
2
-1x
1.5
-2.3x
-0.2
-1.3
2.2
3.4x
2
4.1
6.8x
1.8
6.9
2.6
7.5
2.4
7.1
6.6
6.1
6.5
5.0
2.4
4.1
2.0
4.0
6.2
3.4
5.8
3.8
1.4
1.9
1.8
2.4
5.2
2.1
3.2
1.7
0.3
3.0
0.9
2.8
0.3
2.8
0.5
1.6
3.2
4.6
0.6
3.1
1.1
3.0
3.5
19701990 19902007
Reduction
since 1990
(%)
19701990 19902007
19701990 19902007
S TAT I S T I C A L TA B L E S
155
Nepal
Netherlands
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Niue
Norway
Occupied Palestinian Territory
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Qatar
Republic of Korea
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent
and the Grenadines
Samoa
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovakia
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Thailand
The former Yugoslav
Republic of Macedonia
Timor-Leste
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
156
Under-5
mortality
rate
Average annual
rate of reduction (%)
Total
fertility rate
Average annual
rate of reduction (%)
Under-5
mortality
rank
1970
1990
2007
1970
1990
2007
62
166
160
78
11
8
173
95
137
43
145
104
56
91
112
94
156
173
126
166
126
126
9
117
117
237
16
21
165
318
265
16
200
184
68
156
75
170
89
35
66
51
54
52
40
223
66
142
8
11
68
304
230
9
38
32
132
21
34
94
41
78
62
17
15
26
9
32
27
195
36
21
55
5
6
35
176
189
4
27
12
90
10
23
65
29
20
28
7
4
15
5
15
15
181
18
18
2.6
3.5
3.2
4.4
0.2
0.7
2.9
9.2
1.7
3.5
2.5
3.0
3.9
1.8
3.6
7.4
3.4
9.0
2.4
2.0
0.7
5.7
5.6
2.8
3.6
3.9
3.2
1.2
4.8
2.0
5.8
2.3
4.4
2.3
2.2
2.0
8.0
4.7
5.2
7.8
3.2
3.5
4.5
3.5
0.4
4.1
0.9
61
38
45
49
42
18
56
29
63
32
52
32
31
29
74
55
59
73
42
44
53
44
7
50
14
1.2
1.5
0.8
-3.7
-2.2
-1.4
3.2
3.3
3
0.3
-0.7
2.8
-0.6
0.8
2.6
6.2
0.9x
1.1
6.3x
5.3x
1.9
2.1
2
1.9
-0.6
1.2
2.6
-2.9x
2.2x
1.6
2.6
-0.6
-0.3
2.7
1.7
4.4
1.9
4.4
2.3
1.2
1.1
2.8
1.3
5.9
2.4
3.1
6.9
8.1
6.9
2.5
7.9
7.2
6.6
5.3
6.2
5.7
6.3
6.3
2.2
2.8
6.9
4.5
2.9
2.0
8.2
6.1
5.2
1.6
2.1
4.8
7.9
6.8
1.9
6.4
6.6
6.3
3.0
4.8
4.5
3.9
4.3
2.0
1.5
4.4
1.6
1.9
1.9
7.6
3.3
3.3
1.7
2.0
2.8
7.2
5.4
1.8
5.2
3.0
3.5
2.6
3.8
3.1
2.5
3.3
1.2
1.5
2.7
1.2
1.3
1.3
5.9
2.2
0.6
2.2
2.0
1.9
0.1
0.1
1.5
1.0
0.4
0.2
2.8
1.2
1.2
2.4
1.8
0.4
3.0
2.3
5.2
2.0
0.3
0.4
3.0
2.6
-0.6
0.2
3.2
0.5
1.3
0.1
1.3
4.6
3.4
0.9
1.3
2.2
2.6
1.7
3.0
0.3
2.9
1.7
2.3
2.0
1.5
2.5
114
95
173
38
97
31
151
134
1
189
151
173
50
19
60
173
110
34
91
40
189
166
123
54
156
72
101
104
185
276
59
371
27
31
29
113
25
100
168
199
13
18
128
138
103
22
50
13
101
44
149
19
290
8
15
11
121
203
64
9
32
125
51
96
7
8
37
117
31
19
27
4
99
25
114
8
13
262
3
8
4
70
142
59
4
21
109
29
91
3
5
17
67
7
5.9
3.5
0.1
7.2
3.1
5.7
1.2
6.1
3.6
4.8
2.8
5.1
5.7
1.5
3.6
3.1
4.1
6.2
0.8
6.0
0.9
3.6
6.9
0.1
3.3
1.6
2.2
0.6
5.8
3.7
6.0
3.2
2.1
0.5
4.8
2.5
0.8
3.3
0.3
5.0
2.8
4.6
3.3
8.8
14
46
69
2
43
23
32
10
63
47
64
42
30
8
56
34
13
43
5
57
38
54
43
77
3.3
-1.5
-0.7
2.9
-0.4
5.6
3.4
-0.9
0.1
1.9
3
0.1
-2.4x
3.1
1.8
1.2
2
3
2.6
0.3
1.1
2.6x
1.4
-0.4
3.8
3.3
3.5
-1.6
1
2.4
3.9
3.6
1.8
-0.3
2.2
0.7
1.5
-2.2
2.9
6.0
6.1
6.5
7.3
7.0
2.4
6.5
3.0
2.5
2.3
6.9
7.3
5.6
2.9
4.4
6.6
5.7
6.9
2.0
2.0
7.6
6.9
5.5
3.0
4.8
5.4
5.8
6.6
2.1
6.5
1.8
2.0
1.5
5.9
6.8
3.6
1.3
2.5
6.0
2.7
5.7
2.0
1.5
5.5
5.2
2.1
2.2
4.0
3.9
3.4
4.7
1.8
6.5
1.3
1.2
1.3
3.9
6.1
2.7
1.4
1.9
4.3
2.4
3.5
1.8
1.4
3.1
3.4
1.8
3.5
1.2
0.9
1.1
0.3
0.6
0.0
2.7
1.0
2.0
0.8
0.3
2.2
3.9
2.7
0.5
3.6
0.9
0.1
1.4
1.6
1.4
4.8
1.8
1.0
1.9
3.2
1.9
1.0
0.0
1.9
2.9
1.0
2.4
0.6
1.7
-0.2
1.7
1.9
0.7
2.9
0.7
0.5
3.4
2.5
0.8
123
39
37
104
78
110
104
65
119
219
50
54
201
201
38
184
150
32
34
52
82
99
17
97
100
23
35
21
23
50
5.7
1.9
2.2
2.3
6.8
4.5
4.7
3.8
2.4
1.9
-0.2
5.3
7.5
4.0
55
47
33
28
-3
60
72
49
-0.6
0.5
2.5
1.9
0.5
-0.2
2
5.1
3.4
2.2
-6.8x
3.2
6.3
7.0
5.9
3.5
6.6
5.5
6.3
1.9
5.3
6.4
4.6
2.4
3.6
3.0
4.3
1.4
6.6
4.9
3.8
1.6
1.9
2.1
2.5
2.4
0.8
0.5
1.3
1.8
3.0
3.0
1.9
1.8
-1.2
1.6
1.2
2.4
3.7
2.1
3.2
19701990 19902007
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
Reduction
since 1990
(%)
19701990 19902007
19701990 19902007
TABLE 10
Tuvalu
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United Republic of Tanzania
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela
(Bolivarian Republic of)
Viet Nam
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Under-5
mortality
rate
Average annual
rate of reduction (%)
Total
fertility rate
Average annual
rate of reduction (%)
Under-5
mortality
rank
1970
1990
2007
1970
1990
2007
75
21
99
151
160
29
151
132
68
81
195
36
84
21
217
23
60
155
53
175
25
15
9
157
11
25
74
62
37
130
24
8
6
116
8
14
41
34
0.5
1.8
8.6
4.2
1.6
3.7
4.4
4.6
2.1
1.7
0.2
3.7
2.4
1.8
1.9
3.4
3.5
3.5
30
26
4
47
33
26
27
44
45
45
-4.8x
2
2.2
0.9
1.1x
3.1
-0.7
-0.3x
2.4
1.8
2
1.5
1.2
-0.4
7.1
2.1
6.6
2.3
6.8
2.2
2.9
6.5
6.3
7.1
1.9
4.4
1.8
6.1
2.0
2.5
4.2
4.9
6.5
1.2
2.3
1.8
5.2
2.1
2.1
2.5
3.8
0.0
0.6
2.1
1.2
0.5
0.6
0.7
2.2
1.2
0.5
2.6
3.8
0.0
0.9
-0.2
1.0
3.0
1.6
114
126
48
13
43
62
85
309
179
131
32
56
127
163
95
19
15
73
170
90
3.3
2.1
4.4
0.5
1.6
3.1
7.7
3.3
-0.2
0.3
41
73
43
-4
5
-1.6
-2.3
-0.4
-0.2
6
1.6
0.1
-2.1x
5.4
7.0
8.6
7.4
7.4
3.4
3.7
8.1
6.5
5.2
2.6
2.2
5.5
5.2
3.2
2.2
3.2
0.3
0.7
1.8
1.7
3.2
2.2
1.2
2.8
232
202
260
195
197
121
122
91
24
162
241
143
186
165
206
79
125
56
55
53
10
103
179
93
148
123
169
46
78
27
26
25
6
74
130
68
1.1
1.0
1.2
4.5
2.3
3.9
4.0
2.7
4.4
2.3
1.5
2.2
1.3
1.7
1.2
3.2
2.8
4.3
4.4
4.4
3.0
1.9
1.9
1.8
20
25
18
42
38
52
53
53
40
28
27
27
-0.1
-0.6
-0.1
2.1
5.7
1.4
2.3
2.4
-0.2
2.3
1.3
1.4
1.3
1.6
4.1
6.8
1.5
1.6
1.9
4
2.5
2.4
6.8
6.8
6.8
6.8
5.7
5.6
5.3
2.8
2.3
5.8
6.7
4.7
6.3
6.0
6.6
5.0
4.3
2.5
3.2
2.3
1.7
3.6
5.8
3.2
5.2
4.9
5.5
3.0
3.0
1.9
2.4
1.7
1.7
2.8
4.7
2.6
0.4
0.6
0.1
1.5
1.4
4.1
2.5
0.9
1.3
2.3
0.7
1.9
1.1
1.2
1.1
3.0
2.2
1.6
1.8
1.9
0.2
1.6
1.3
1.3
19701990 19902007
Reduction
since 1990
(%)
19701990 19902007
19701990 19902007
SUMMARY INDICATORS
Sub-Saharan Africa
Eastern and Southern Africa
West and Central Africa
Middle East and North Africa
South Asia
East Asia and Pacific
Latin America and Caribbean
CEE/CIS
Industrialized countries
Developing countries
Least developed countries
World
Also includes territories within each country category or regional group. Countries and territories in each country category or regional group are listed on page 152.
Under-five mortality rate Probability of dying between birth and exactly five years of age,
expressed per 1,000 live births.
Under-five mortality rate UNICEF, United Nations Population Division and United Nations
Statistics Division.
Reduction since 1990 (%) Percentage reduction in the under-five mortality rate (U5MR) from
1990 to 2007. The United Nations Millennium Declaration in 2000 established a goal of a twothirds (67 per cent) reduction in U5MR from 1990 to 2015. This indicator provides a current
assessment of progress towards this goal.
GDP per capita Gross domestic product (GDP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers
plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output. GDP per capita is
gross domestic product divided by midyear population. Growth is calculated from constant price
GDP data in local currency.
Total fertility rate Number of children who would be born per woman if she lived to the end of
her childbearing years and bore children at each age in accordance with prevailing age-specific
fertility rates.
NOTES
S TAT I S T I C A L TA B L E S
157
Acronyms
ACSD
MICS
AIDS
OECD
EmOC
PMTCT
FGM/C
GDP
UN SG
HIV
UNAIDS
HMN
UNESCO
IMCI
Integrated Management of
Childhood Illness
UNFPA
UNICEF
WHO
IMNCH
Integrated Management of
Newborn and Child Health
MDG
158
T H E S TAT E O F T H E W O R L D S C H I L D R E N 2 0 0 9
UNICEF Offices
UNICEF Headquarters
UNICEF House
3 United Nations Plaza
New York, NY 10017, USA
UNICEF Regional Office for Europe
Palais des Nations
CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland
UNICEF Central and Eastern Europe/
Commonwealth of Independent
States Regional Office
Palais des Nations
CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland
UNICEF Eastern and Southern Africa
Regional Office
United Nations Complex Gigiri
P.O. Box 44145-00100
Nairobi, Kenya
UNICEF West and Central Africa
Regional Office
P.O. Box 29720 Yoff
Dakar, Senegal