Anatomy and Physiology CH 4 To 7 Flash Cards

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What are the 7 principal functions of the

skeletal system?
Support, protection, body movement,

hemopoiesis (blood formation), Mineral
storage, hormone production, fat storage
Compact bone
Outer, dense white osseous tissue,

smooth and solid
Spongy bone
Loosely organized osseous tissue

enclosed by compact bone
Diaphysis
Shaft; surrounds marrow cavity
Epiphysis
Ends of a bone; spongy bone
Epiphysis plate
Region of bone growth in children

(hyaline cartilage)
Epiphysis line
Transparent line in adult bone; left after

bone growth ends
Articular cartilage
Hyaline cartilage that caps epiphysis and

facilitates movement between two bones
Medullary cavity
Space filled with either red or yellow

bone marrow
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Red bone marrow
Hemopoietic bone marrow (youth:

entire marrow; adulthood: only skull,
ribs, vertebrae, sternum, pelvis, head
humerus and femur)
Yellow bone marrow
Stores fat
Periosteum
White, double layered membrane;

covers external surface of bone; has
many bloo vessels and nerves and is a
point of tendon attachment
Endosteum
Delicate connective tissue membrane;

lines medullary cavity, trabeculae, canals
Osteoblast
Bone forming cells
Osteocytes
Maintain healthy bone
Osteoclasts
Bone remodeling cells
Osteon
Unit of one central canal and its lamellae
Lamellae
Layers of matrix arranged around a

central canal
Central canal
Blood and nerve supply for living

osseous tissue
Lacunae
Contain osteocytes
Canaliculi
Connections between lacunae containing

cytoplasmic extensions of osteocytes
Endochondral ossification
Process in which bone develops from a

preexisting cartilaginous model
Bony collar
Perichondrium starts producing

osteoblasts around middle of cartilage
model
Primary ossification center
Enlargement and death of chondrocytes

in middle of cartilage model
Vascular invasion
Blood vessels penetrate bony collar and

invade primary ossification center
Primary marrow cavity
Center of model is hollowed out and

filled with blood and stem cells
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Secondary ossification center
Epiphysis of model is hollowed out and

filled with blood and stem cells
Condyle
A rounded knob
Head
The prominent expanded end of a bone,

sometimes rounded
Crest
A narrow ridge
Epicondyle
A projection superior to a condyle
Line
Slightly raised, elongated ridge
Process
Any bony prominence
Protuberance
A bony out growth or protruding part
Spine
A sharp, slender or narrow process
Trochanter
Two massive processes unique to the

femur
Tubercle
A small, rounded process
Tuberosity
A rough surface
Alveolus
A pit or socket
Fossa
A shallow, broad, or elongated basin
Fovea
A small pit
Sulcus
A groove for a tendon, nerve, or blood

vessel
Canal
A tubular passage or tunnel in a bone
Fissure
A slit through a bone
Foramen
A hole through a bone usually round
Meatus
An opening into a canal
Sinus
An air-filled space in a bone
Cartlilage doesn't contain what?
blood vessels and nerves
What is the name of the dense irregular

connective tissue surrounds cartilage?
Perichondrium
Cartilage contains cells called _____

which live in cavities called _____, and
________
Chondrocytes, lacunae, extracellular

matrix
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What are the three types of Cartilage

and examples of where you would find
it?
Hyaline cartilage (Nose, costal and

larynx cartilage)
Elastic cartilage (Ear and epiglottis)
Fibrocartilage (intervertebral discs and
meniscus)
What is the Axial Skeleton?
Cranium, Rib cage, and Vertebral

column
What is the Appendicular Skeleton?
Upper limbs, Lower Limbs, Pectoral,

Pelvic Girdle
Osteogenic cells
Mitotically active stem cells in

periosteum and endosteum
Osteoblasts
Bone forming cells, reponsible for bone

growth; secrete matrix
Osteocytes
Mature bone cells that maintain and

monitor the bone matrix
Osteoclasts
Giant, multinucleate cells for bone

resorption (break down the bone)
Osteon
Structural unit o compact bone (elongate

cylinder)
Concentric lamellae
Hollow tubes of matrix arranged around

one central canal
Central canal
Runs through ceter of osteon; contains

Perforating canal
Run at right angles to central conal;

conatins blood vessels and nerves
Lacunae
Small cavities that house osteocytes
Canaliculi
Hairlike canals that connect neighboring

lacunae (communication)
Circumferential lamellae
Lamellae that extend around entire

surface of diaphysis
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What is the chemical composistion of

bone?
/Organic components: Cells and

matirx (Flexibility and strength
/Inorganic components:
hydroxyapatites= mineral salts, mainly
calcium phosphate crystals (Hard and
compresssional strength)
Endochondral ossification
process in which bone forms by

replacing hyaline cartilage models
Intermembranous ossification
process in which bone forms from

fibrous membranes
Primary ossification center
region in middle of shaft; endochondral

ossification begins here
Bone collar
forms around diaphysis of hylaline

cartilage model
Secondary ossification center
appear in epiphyses after medullary

cavities have formed in diaphyses
Epihyses ossify
Plates and articular cartilages
Interstitial growth
Bone growth in lngth of long bones at

epiphyseal plates
Appositional growth
bone growth in width of bones

(throughtout life)
What three hormones regulate bone

growth?
Thyroid hormone, Growth hormone and

Testosterone/ Estrogen
What are the two hormones that

regulate blood calcium levels?
Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin
Calcitonin
Lowers blood calcium levels
Wolff's Law
Bone grows or remodels in response to

demands/stress placed on it.
What are the four stages of Bone

Repair?
1. Hematoma forms (mass of clotted

blood)
2. Fibrocartilaginous callus forms
3. Bony callus forms
4. Bone remodeling occurs
The integumentary system is composed

of ___ and its ___, ____ and ____.
Skin, glands, hair and nails
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What are the 6 functions of the skin?
Protection, Body Temperature

Regulation, Making Vitamin D,
Cutaneous Sensation, Blood Reservoir,
and Excretion through sweat.
The two layers of the skin are called ___

and ___.
Epidermis and dermis
Stratified keratinized squamous

epithelium is found in the ___.
Epidermis
Dense irregular and elastic connective

tissue with blood vessels, nerves,
receptors, etc. ____
Dermis
Subcutaneous layer, not actually part of

the skin
Hypodermis
Adipose and loose connective tissue with

Hypodermis
Stratum basale
Lowest layer of the epidermis
The stratum basale is a single layer of

what cuboidal main cell type that is
firmly attached to the dermis?
Keratinocytes
The stratum basale sits on the ___ and

is ___ active
Basement membrane; mitotically
Stratum corneum
Upper layer of the epidermis that

contains up to 20-30 layers of dead,
flattened keratinocytes
Hypodermis
Subcutaneous layer is not part of the

skin and binds the skin to underlying
muscles.
What are the 3 components of the

hypodermis?
loose connective tissue (areolar),

adipose tissue, blood vessels and nerves
What are the 3 main parts of the hair?
Shaft, root and bulb
What supplies blood for nutrition of

cells growing in the bulb region?
hair papilla
What contracts involuntary when you're

scared or cold?
Piloerector muscle
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Nails are ______.
Scaly cells that are heavily keratinized
What is resposible for nail growth?
Nail matrix
What are the 3 types of cutaneous

glands?
Sebaceous, sudiferous, ceruminous
Sebaceous gland
associated with hair follicle; secretes

sebum; lubricates and waterproofs the
stratum corneum (oil)
Eccrine sweat gland
Widely distributed over body; cooling
Apocrine sweat gland
Open via hair follicle; in axillary and

pubic regions; and odoriferous
Ceruminous gland
Found in the external ear; water and

bacteria repellent; secretes cerumen
(wax)
Which stratum consists of several layers

of kerationcytes united by desomes?
Spinosum
Which stratum is thin, about 4 to 6 lyers,

cells accumulate keratin granules and
lamellar granules, which make the skin
water resistant?
Granulosum
Which stratum will you only find in

thick skin, few rows of flat, dead
keratinocytes?
Lucidum
The statum corneum consits essentially

of flat membranous sacs filled with
what?
Protein
Apoptosis
Controlled cellular suicide
What are the cells of the dermis?
Fibroblasts, Macrophages, and

occasionally mast cells and WBC (White
Blood Cells)
The dermis provides what for the

epidermis?
Blood supply
What does the dermis contain?
Nerve fibers and lymphatic vessels
The dermis contains what epidermal

derivatives?
Hair follicles, oil and sweat glands
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What are the two layers of the dermis?
Papillary layer and reticular layer
Papillary layer consists of what?
Loose Areolar connective tissue with

collagen and elastic fibers
The reticular layer is strong and resilient

and is made of what?
Dense irregular connective tissue which

also contains lots of collagen and elastic
fibers.
The papillary layer has dermal papillae

which form the base of what?
Dermal ridges
Skin marrkings include what?
Cleavage lines (Important for surgeons)

and Flexure lines (Hand)
The reticular layer is the leather of the

skin and if its fibers are torn can cause
what?
Scars
What pigments contribute to skin color?
Melanin, Carotene, and Hemoglobin
Blue skin color, due to low _____ of

hemoglobin
Oxygenation
Red skin color, due to fever,

hypertension, _____, allergy
Erythema
White skin color, due to anemia, low BP,

fear, anger
Pallor
Yellow skin color due to _____ disorder
Jaundice
What Epidermal tissue sheath folds

down from epidermis into dermis?
Hair follicles
What type of cutaneous gland contains

the eccrine and apocrine sweat glands?
Sudoriferous gland (Sweat)
Mammary glands
Modified apocrine gland in breast tissue

(secrete milk)
What does a keratinocyte?
A cell that produces keratin, the fibrous

protein that helps give the epidermis its
protective properties.
What is a melanocyte?
A cell that produces the pigment

melanin, protection against UV damage.
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What are the layers of the stratums from

superficial to deep?
Stratum corneum, Stratum lucidum,

Stratum granulosum, Stratum spinosum,
and Stratum basale
The dermal papillae are what?
Indentions in the epidermis that

contain: capillary loops, nerve endings
(pain receptors) and touch receptors.
Meissner's (tactile) corpuscle are what?
Touch receptors
Pacinian (lamellated) corpuscle
Larger receptors for vibration and

pressure.
Eponychium
Nail cuticle
What are the three types of skin cancer?
Basal cell Carcinoma (Most Common),

Squamous cell Carcinoma (2nd Most
Common), and Melanoma (Most
Dangerous
First degree burn
Epidermal damage; red, swollen,

(edema) and pain
Second degree burn
Epidermal and upper dermal damage;

blisters appear
Third degree burn
Entire skin; skin is gray-white, cherry

red, or blackened, not painful (nerve
endings destroyed) or swollen and skin
grafting usually need
How can you estimate loss of fluids due

to burns?
Using the "Rule of Nine"
Histology
The study of tissues
Tissues
Groups of cells of common origin and

function
Epithelial tissue
Cover body surfaces or line a body cavity
Connective tissue
Connect, bind and support
Nervous tissue
Initiate and transmit impulses
Muscular tissue
Contractile tissues
What 3 things compose tissue?
Cells, fibers and ground substance
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Fibers and ground substance are

collectively called what?
Matrix
What three things you do to get a tissue

ready for microscopy?
Fixation, Sectioning, Staining
The layering of epithelial tissue can be

____or ____
Simple, Stratified
The cell shape of epithelial tissue can be

____, ____ or ____.
Squamous, cuboidal or columnar
What is the basement membrane made

of?
Glycoprotein plus collagenous and

reticular fibers
Simple squamous epithelium can be

found ____
In the inner lining of blood vessels,

external lining of organs such as the
lungs
Simple cuboidal epithelium can be

found ____
In the kidney tubules
Simple columnar epithelium can be

found ____
In the epithelium of the small intestines
pseudostratified columnar epithelium

can be found ___
In the trachea and bronchus
Stratified squamous epithelium that is

keratinized can be found ____
In the skin
Stratified squamous epithelium that isn't

keratinized can be found ____
In the esophagus and vagina
Transitional Epithelium can be found

____
Lining of the bladder
What are the 3 types of fibers found in

connective tissue
Elastic, collagenous and reticular fibers
What are the loose fibrous connective

tissues?
Areolar tissue, reticular tissue and

adipose tissue
What are the dense connective tissues?
Dense regular connective tissue, Elastic

connective tissue and dense irregular
conective tissue
Areolar tissue is found ___
In the hypodermis and messentery
Reticular tissue is found ____
In the spleen and lymph nodes
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Adipose tissue is found ___
In the breasts and surrounding organs
Dense regular tissue (white fibers) is

found ___
In tendons and ligaments
Dense regular tissue (yellow fibers) is

found ___
In the vocal cords
Dense irregular tissue is found ___
In the skin (dermis- reticular layer)

perichondrium, periosteum, etc.
Elastic connective tissue can be found

___
The walls of large arteries
What are the Supportive connective

tissues?
Hyaline cartilage and compact bone
Hyaline cartilage is found ___
In the costal cartilage and trachea
Elastic Cartilage can be found ___
On the flexible skeleton of the ear
Fibrocartilage can be found ____
In the intervertebral discs, meniscus
Compact bone is found ___
In the skeleton
What is the fluid connective tissue?
Blood
Blood is found ___
matrix: liquid plasma

cells: formed elements
What special structures are found in

areolar tissue?
Fibroblast, collagenous and elastic fibers

adipose tissue?
Adipose cells, fat storage

dense regular connective tissue (white
fibers)?
Collagenous fibers and fibroblast

(nucleus)

cartilage?
Chondrocyte and Lacuna

bone?
Osteocyte, central canal, lamella and

canaliculi
Gland
Cell or organ that secretes or excretes

substances
Endocrine gland
Gland that has no duct and secretes

hormones directly into blood
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Exocrine gland
Gland that secretes by way of duct to

body surface or organ cavity
Serous gland
Exocrine gland that secretes thin, watery

secretion
Mucous gland
Exocrine gland that secretes thick,

mucus secretion
Mixed gland
Exocrine gland that contains serous and

mucous cells
Where can the endocrine glands be

found?
Thyroid gland and islet cells of pancreas
Where can the exocrine glands be

found?
Sweat gland, mammary glands and acini

of pancreas
Where can the serous glands be found?
Sweat glands and pancreas
Where can the mucous glands be found?
Tongue, roof of mouth and respiratory

passages
Where can the mixed glands be found?
Salivary glands
Merocrine glands
Exocrine glands that secrete by

exocytosis
Holocrine glands
Exocrine glands that accumulate

products and then rupture.
Apocrine glands
Exocrine glands that accumulate

products, but only apex ruptures
What is an example and the functions of

the cutaneous membrane?
Skin; protection

the mucous membrane?
Digestive tract and respiratory passages;

to make protect from chemical and
physical abrasion and make things easier
to move

the serous membrane?
Stomach, peritoneum and pleurae; make

them moist/ secretes serous fluid
What two things are unicellular glands

that secrete mucus
Mucous Cells and Goblet cells
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What are the 3 Stages of tissue repair?
1. Inflammation
2. Organization
3.Regeneration and Fibrosis (Scarring)
axial skeleton (80) & appendicular

skeleton (126)
two divisions of the skeleton
skull bones, auditory ossicles, hyoid

bone, ribs, sternum, and bones of the
vetebral column
the axial skeleton consists of:
upper & lower limbs, and the bones

forming the girdles
the appendicular skeleton consists of:
frontal, parietal (2), occipital, sphenoid,

ethmoid, temporal (2)
name the 8 cranial bones
2 nasal bones, 2 maxillae, 2 zygomatic,

the mandible, 2 lacrimal, 2 palatine, 2
inferior nasal conchae, vomer
name the 14 facial bones
supraorbital margin
superior to the orbits, the frontal bone

thickens and forms:
supraorbital foramen
within the supraorbital margin, slightly

medial to its midpoint is a hole called:
supraorbital notch
if the supraorbital foramen is

incomplete, we refer to this as:
zygomatic process of temporal bone
projects from the temporal bone;

articulates with the temporal process of
the zygomatic bone
zygomatic process of temporal bone &

temporal process of zygomatic bone
two processes that form the zygomatic

arch
temperomandibular joint (TMJ)
the mandibular fossa of the temporal

bone and the articular tubercle
articulate with the mandible to form:
mastoid process
point of attachment for several neck

muscles
styloid process
serves as a point of attachment for

muscles and ligaments of the tongue &
neck
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coratid foramen
a foramen contained in the temporal

bone that the carotid artery passes
jugular foramen
a foramen contained in the temporal

bone that is a passageway for the juglar
vein and cranial nerves
foramen magnum
the inferior part of the bone that is the

opening through which the spinal cord
connects to the lower brain
medulla oblongata
inferior part of the brain that connects

with the spinal cord within the forman
magnum
occipital condyles
oval processes with convex surfaces on

either side of the foramen magnum;
articulate with the depressions on C1 to
form atlanto-occipital joint
alanto-occipital joint
allows your head to nod
hypoglossal foramen
allows the passage pf the hypoglossal

nerve, which innervates the tongue from
beneath; superior to each occipital
condyle
external occipital protuberance
a relatively prominent midline

projection on the posterior surface of
the occiptal bone
superior and inferior nuchal lines
two curved ridges that extend laterally

from the protuberance; allows the
attachment point for muscles
sella turcica
part of the sphenoid bone that is the

cube-like medial portion whose superior
surface is called the;
sella turcica
bony projection that surrounds and

protects the pituitary gland
greater wings
part of the sphenoid bone that projects

laterally from the body of the sphenoid;
and form the antero-lateral body of the
cranium
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lesser wings
part of the sphenoid bone; smaller and

form a ridge of bone anterior
ethmoid bone
major supporting structure of the nasal

cavity
superior & middle nasal conchae
scroll shaped projections on the lateral

walls of the nasal cavity; they increase
vascular & mucus membrane surface
area in the nasal cavities, which aids in
the snese of smell, and warm, moisten
and filter incoming air
nasal bones
paired bones which meet at the midline

of the nose and form the bridge of the
nose
maxillae
unite to form the upper jawbone; they

articulate with every bone of the face
except the mandible
palantine process
a horizonontal projection of the maxilla

that forms the anterior 3/4 of the hard
palate
zygomatic bones
bone that forms the prominences of the

cheek and part of the lateral wall and
floor of each orbit
lacrimal bones
bones that are line and small and form

part of the medial wall of each orbit
lacrimal sac
gathers tears and passes them to the

nasal cavity
lacrimal fossa
a groove that houses the lacrimal sac
vomer
a rougly triangular bone on the floor of

the nasal cavity; it forms the inferior
portion of the nasal septum
sutures
immovable joints found only between

skull bones
fontanels
mesenchyme filled spaces ina pre-born

pr new born infant skull commonly
called "soft spots"
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hyoid bone
a single "u-shaped" bone which is

suspended from the styloid process of
the temporal bone by ligaments and
muscles; it supports the tongue, and
commonly fractured during
strangulation; located in anterior of neck
between the mandible and larynx
33
# of vertebrae during early development
26
# of vertebrae in adults
7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 1 fused

sacral, & 1 fused coccyx
describe the vertebral column
thoracic & sacral
name the 2 convex curves of the

vertebral
cervical and lumbar
name the 2 concave curves of the

vertebral
body of vertebrae
the thick, disc-shaped anterior portion

which is the weight bearing portion
vertebral arch
include the pedicle and laminae; goes

together with the body to surround the
spinal cord
tranverse process
in the thoracic region, the articulation

site for the ribs
spinous process
in the lumbar region, is for muscle

attachment
superior and inferior articular processes
are for connecting the vertebrae

together
thorax
refers to entire chest
thoracic cage
skeletal part of the thorax
sternum, costal cartilages, ribs, and the

bodies of thoracic vertebrae
parts of the thoracic cage
sternum (or breastbone)
flat, narrow bone located in the center of

the anterior thoracic wall; it is composed
of 3 parts: manubrium, body, xiphoid
process
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ribs
12 pairs; gives structural support to the

sides of the thoracic cavity; they increase
in length from 1-7 and then decrease in
length from 7-12
true ribs
the first 7 pair of the ribs; each have a

piece of costal cartilage attaching them
to the sternum
false ribs
the last 5 pairs of ribs
floating ribs
rib 11 & 12 are flase ribs but also have

another name because they do not
attach to the sternum at all
hyaline cartilage
type of cartilage that makes up costal

cartilage
atlas
term for C1 cervical vertebrae
axis
term for C2 cervicle vertebrae
clavicle & scapula
each human has 2 pectoral girdles

consisting of which 2 bones:
clavicle
anterior bone that articulates with the

manubrium
scapula
articulates with the clavicle and with the

humerus; DOES NOT articulate with the
vertebral column
sternal end
rounded medial end of clavicle
acromial end
broad, flat lateral end of clavicle
scapula
large, triangular, flat bone situated in the

superios part of the posterior thorax at
the level of the 2nd and 7th rib
spine
prominent ridge on the posterior side of

the scapula
acromion
the lateral end of the spine; a flattened

process
glenoid cavity
inferior to the acromion; accepts the

head of the humerus
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body
the flattened triangular part of the

scapula bone
medial border
edge of scapula that is closer to the

vertebral column
scapular notch
a prominent indentation along the

superior border of the scapula
30
# of bones in the upper limb
humerus, radius, ulna, 8 carpals, 5

metacarpals, & 14 phalanges
the 30 bones in the upper limb are:
humerus
the longest and largest bone in the upper

limb; articulates proximally with the
scapula and distally at the elbow with 2
bones: ulna & radius
head
the proximal end of the humerus that is

rounded and articulates with the glenoid
cavity
anatomical neck
distal to the head of the humerus;

visable as an oblique groove
greater tubercle
lateral projection distal the anatomical

neck of the humerus
lesser tubercle
projects anteriorly from humerus; distal

to anatomical neck
surgical neck
the place where the bone consticts to

form the shaft; distal to tubercles
capitulum
a rounded knob on the lateral aspect of

the bone that articulates with the head
of the radius
trochlea
located medially to the capitulum and

articulates with the ulna
coronoid fossa
an anterior depression (receives the

head of the radius when forearm is
flexed) ; located on humerus
olecranon fossa
a posterior depression of humerus

(receives the olecranon of the ulna when
the forearm is extended)
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medial and lateral epicondyles
rough projections on either side of the

distal end of the humerus where
tendons of muscles of the forearm attach
ulna
located on the medical aspect of the

forearm (pinky side) and is longer than
the radius
olecranon
at the proximal end of the ulna; forms

the prominence of the elbow
coronoid process
an anterior projection of the ulna that

receives the trochlea of the humerus
trochlear notch
a large curved area between the

olecranon and the coronoid process that
forms part of the elbow
radial notch
on the lateral side of the coronoid

process of the ulna; receives the head of
the radius
ulnar tuberosity
inferior to the coronoid process of the

ulna to which the biceps brachii muscles
attach
styloid process
located on the posterior side of the distal

end of the ulna (attachment of
ligaments)
radius
located on the lateral aspect of the

forearm (thumb side)
head of radius
the proximal end of the radius that

articulates with the capitulum of the
humerus and the radial notch of the
ulna
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Anatomy and Physiology CH 4 To 7 Flash Cards

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Anatomy and Physiology Test 2 (Ch.

4-7) flashcards | Quizlet

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What are the 7 principal functions of the

Support, protection, body movement,

Outer, dense white osseous tissue,

Loosely organized osseous tissue

Shaft; surrounds marrow cavity

Ends of a bone; spongy bone

Region of bone growth in children

Transparent line in adult bone; left after

Hyaline cartilage that caps epiphysis and

Space filled with either red or yellow

Anatomy and Physiology Test 2 (Ch. 4-7) flashcards | Quizlet

Red bone marrow

Hemopoietic bone marrow (youth:

Yellow bone marrow

White, double layered membrane;

Delicate connective tissue membrane;

Bone forming cells

Maintain healthy bone

Bone remodeling cells

Unit of one central canal and its lamellae

Layers of matrix arranged around a

Blood and nerve supply for living

Connections between lacunae containing

Process in which bone develops from a

Perichondrium starts producing

Primary ossification center

Enlargement and death of chondrocytes

Blood vessels penetrate bony collar and

Primary marrow cavity

Center of model is hollowed out and

Anatomy and Physiology Test 2 (Ch. 4-7) flashcards | Quizlet

Secondary ossification center

Epiphysis of model is hollowed out and

The prominent expanded end of a bone,

A projection superior to a condyle

Slightly raised, elongated ridge

Any bony prominence

A bony out growth or protruding part

A sharp, slender or narrow process

Two massive processes unique to the

A small, rounded process

A shallow, broad, or elongated basin

A groove for a tendon, nerve, or blood

A tubular passage or tunnel in a bone

A slit through a bone

A hole through a bone usually round

An opening into a canal

An air-filled space in a bone

Cartlilage doesn't contain what?

blood vessels and nerves

What is the name of the dense irregular

Cartilage contains cells called _____

Chondrocytes, lacunae, extracellular

Anatomy and Physiology Test 2 (Ch. 4-7) flashcards | Quizlet

What are the three types of Cartilage

Hyaline cartilage (Nose, costal and

What is the Axial Skeleton?

Cranium, Rib cage, and Vertebral

What is the Appendicular Skeleton?