Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TRANING
Prepared
By
Kumar Gautam
(11M168)
CONTENTS
01.Acknowledgements.
02.Introduction of NTPC project.
03.Salient Data And Design Specification Of NTPC BARH
04.Working principle of the thermal power plant.
05.Boiler and Auxiliary.
Boilerdrum&internal......................................................
Superheater circuit..........................................................
Re-heater circuit..............................................................
Economiser......................................................................
Furnace............................................................................
PA fans.............................................................................
FD fans.............................................................................
ID fans..............................................................................
Air Heater.........................................................................
Pulveriser Plant.................................................................
06.Turbine.
07.General Description of The A 210mw (KWU) Steam Turbine.
08.Regenerative feed heating system.
09.Coal & coal handling system.
10.Conclusion.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am grateful to Mr. ANURAG SINGH for his kind cooperation and helping me
in gaining better practical knowledge about the way how steam produced and used
to generate power.
I would like to pay my sincere gratitude to all the employee and staff members of
NTPC BARH for their valuable help and technical support.
Finally, I would like to thank the Staff and Management of NTPC,BARH for
helping me in my industrial training and their kind cooperation for gaining better
practical knowledge.
Barh Super thermal power project details Capacity 3300 MV first stage (3600)
and second stage (2660) Estimated cost of the Project 16034 cr. (approx.) Land
required Main plant and township 1268 acres, ash dyke and other 1906 acres
Requirement of Coal 17.72 metric ton per year Source of Coal is Amrapali block
north karnpura coalfield and Source of Water is Ganga River (180 qc ) Benefices
State Bihar and Other States/ North and West union territories
NTPC generates power from Coal and Gas. With an installed capacity of 30,644
MW, NTPC is the largest power generating major in the country. It has also
diversified into hydro power, coal mining, power equipment manufacturing, oil &
gas exploration, power trading & distribution.
Capacity
Project cost
Steam generator (boiler and aux.)
Coal consumption
Cooling water
Transportation of the coal
DESIGN PARAMETERS:
BOILER:
REHEAT STEAM:
Flow
Steam pressure
Steam temperature
1900T/hr.
37.6 to 36.1
1500
FEED WATER:
242C
180
655T/hr.
FUEL:
3750kcal/kg
28% to 21%
11% to 15%
33% to 40%
55
1350C to 1150C
1400C
6 nos.
Pulveriser XRP
803
Rate output
Speed
Pressure of the steam at inlet to ESV
Temperature of the steam at inlet to ESV
Condenser area
Circulating water flow
Condenser vacuum
horizontal
tendem
2 10000kW
3000rpm
150
535C
11495
27000
-0.89
PRESSURE
( )
FLOW
T/hr.
LPH 1
84.4%dry
0.2135
3.545
LPH 2
100.0
0.8107
29.40
LPH3
199.0
2.4500
28.40
HPH5
432.2
16.100
33.36
HPH6
336.6
36.560
57.40
4.8 to 5.8
3.0 to 3.5
2.5 to 2.8
1.0 mho/cm
The actual vapour power cycle differs from the ideal Rankine cycle, as
illustrated in fig. as a result of the irreversibility in various components.
Fluid friction and heat loss to the surrounding are two common sources of the
irreversibility.
In the Thermal Power Plant modified form of the Rankine Cycle is use.
Modification
By using of reheat
By using of regenerate
By using both regenerate and reheat
Regeneration is not only improving cycle efficiency but also provide a convenient
means of desecrating the feed water to prevent corrosion in the Boiler .
REHEATING RANKINE CYCLE
In reheating cycle, in between two Turbines we reheat the steam and then supply
for the next Turbine. There are two major advantages,
Average temperature at which heat is increase, thus increase in the cycle efficiency.
Reheat is a practical solution to the excessive moisture problem in the Turbine.
BOILER:
A boiler, also called steam generator, is designed so that heat transfer takes place between
boiler tube bundles (also called U bundles) and boiler water in the boiling area. If the U
bundles are not completely submerged, the heat transfer area, hence heat transfer rate, hence
heat sink capability decreases.
BOILER PARTS AND AUXILIARY
DRUM AND DRUM INTERNAL:
The functions of the boiler drum are.
A) Separation of the saturated steam from the steam-water mixture produced by
evaporating tubes.
B) Mixing feed water from economiser and water separated from steam water mixture,
and recirculation through the tubes.
C) Carrying out blow down for reduction of the boiler water salt concentration.
D) Treatment of the boiler water by chemical.
STEAM SEPARATOR:
In recirculation type of the boiler the evaporating tube supply only a steam-water mixture to
the drum. From this, the steam of high purity acceptable to the super heater and turbine is to
be separated. This separation is to be done in the limited space in the drum. Numbers of the
factors influence the separation of the water from the steam in drum; important among them
are:
Over heating
Corrosion
Erosion
FURNACE: Principle at which furnace work is to convert chemical energy of the fuel into
heat energy and this heat transfer to the evaporators. This is the most important part of the
boiler. Principle parts of the furnace are,
Burner,oil gun,air damper,shoot blower,wind box
air heaters recover the waste heat from the outgoing flue gases of the boiler and
transfer the same to combustion air.
Air heater improves the boiler efficiency by 2.5%.
Air heater may be also be used for heating the air to dry the coal in
the pulveriser plant.
Type of the air heater: There are two main type of the air heater.
a) Tubular air heater
b) Plate type air heater
PULVERISER PLANT:
Of the three commercial fuels- coal, petroleum, natural gas, and coal is the basic
fuel used in the boiler for the power generation due to its distribution and
availability. Though coal can be burnt in a boiler in many ways such a hand
firing, stoking firing, pulverised coal firing, cyclone furnace etc, and pulverised
coal firing is favoured over other methods of burning coal because of many
advantages. About 80% of the coals for the generation of electricity are burnt in the
pulverised form.
FUNDAMENTAL REQUIREMENT OF A PULVERISED PLANT:
Supply of coal in the pulverised form to the boiler furnace can be accomplished
by using different type of equipment and systems. The use of a particular type of
equipment is decided on the type of coal used, boiler requirements, user preference
etc.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
SPEED
01.Bowl mill
02.Ball mill
03.Impact or hammer mill
04.Bearer wheel mill
05.Drum mill/ tube mill
50-100rpm
below 50rpm
above 225rpm
above 225rpm
below 50rpm
BOWL MILL:
Bowl mill is a vertical spindle medium speed mill. In a bowl mill the coal is
pulverised between a disc called bowl rotated by the drive assembly and rollers kept
above the disc loaded by spring loading device.
Raymond mill mostly use in Indian Thermal Power Station. Vertically this
mill is divided into four major sections;
I. Mill base or gear box
II. Mill side assembly
III. Separator body
IV. Separator body top.
Coal from the raw coal feeder is fed at the centre of the bowl through a raw coal inlet
chute inserted at the centre of the separator body top. Due to centrifugal force the
coal moves towards the periphery. The three rolls exert the required grinding
pressure through the springs. The primary air supplied to the mill side moves up
through the vanes around the bowl. By the deflector liners air is deflected towards the
centre of the mill which causes recirculation of coal throughout the grinding area.
The airs moving upwards picks fine coal and inter the classifier through the vanes.
The vanes introduces spin and as a result course particles get separated from the
stream and return through the annulus between the centre of the feed pipe and
classifier cone to the bowl for further grinding. Fine coal moves out with air
through the multiport assembly at the outlet of the classifier.
FACTORS AFFECTING MILL PERFORMANCE:
the performance of the mill plant especially the pulveriser output is affected by
number of factor mainly associated with the properties of coal being ground.
Important of these factors are
01.Grindability index of coal
02.Fineness of milled product
03.Moisture content
04.Size of the row coal
05.Mill wear
TURBINE:
Steam turbine is a rotating machine which converts heat energy of the steam to
mechanical energy.
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF THE STEAM TURBINE:
When the steam is allowed to expand through a narrow orifice, its assumes kinetic
energy at the expense of its enthalpy. This kinetic energy changes to mechanical
energy through the impact (impulse) or reaction of the steam against the blades.
It should be realised that the blade of the turbine obtains no motion force from the
static pressure of the steam or from any impact of the steam jet. The blades are
designed in such way, that steam will guide on or off the blade without any
tendency to strike it.
TURBINE TYPE: Basically there are two broad classifications of the steam
turbines,
IMPULSE TURBINE: In the impulse turbine, the steam is expanding in the fixed
nozzles. The high velocity steam from the nozzles does work on the moving blades
which cause to rotate the shaft. The essential feature of an impulse turbine is that
all pressure drops occur in nozzle only and there is no pressure drop in moving
blad
REACTION TURBINE: in this type, pressure is reduced in both fixed and
moving blade. Both fixed and moving blades act like nozzles and are of the same
shape. Work is done by the impulse affect due to the reversal of the direction of
the high
velocity steam plus a reaction affect due to the expansion of the steam through the
moving blades.
KWU Turbine
One Deaerator
Three Low Pressure Heater
Two High Pressure Heater
One Gland Steam Cooler
One Drain Cooler
Two Main Ejector
DEAERATOR: The pressure of the curtain gases like oxygen, carbon dioxide,
nitrogen, dissolved in water is harmful because of their corrosive attacks on the
metal, particularly at elevated, temperature. Thus in the modern high pressure
boiler, to prevent internal corrosion, the feed water should be free, as far as
practicable, of all dissolved gases, especially oxygen. This is achieved by
embodying into the freed system a deaerating unit. Apart from this, a deaerator also
servers the following function;
Heating incoming feed water
To act as a reservoir to provide a sudden or instant demand
LOW PRESSURE HEATER: LPH are of the surface types. They are designed
for vertical mounting and are welded mild steel construction with U-shaped Adm.
Brass tubes, with their ends rolled in steel tube plates. Water flow inside the tube in
four paths and the heat steam washes the tube system from outside. The tubes are
designed for the full pressure developed by the main condensate extraction pump.
The tubes are supported by partition which shall prevent the vibration and also
insure the even distribution of the steam.
Water box
Tube next
Shell
Water level gauge
Lever switch
Steam side relief valve
Water side relief valve
Pressure gauge
Dial thermometer
FITTING;
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
Anthracite
Bituminous
Lignite
Pit
5600 6200
4940 5600
4200 4940
3660 4200
2400 3660
1300 2400
Ash
Volatility
Moisture
Calorific value
28%
25.5%
10%
4750kcal/kg
CONCLUSION
On the completing of my vocational training at Thermal Power Station
BARH, I have come to know about how the very necessity of our life
nowadays i.e. Electricity is Generated. What all the processes are needed to
generate and run the power plant on 24X7 basis.
Water and air are the most precious in the world so we have to save these
things by recycling water or decreasing pollution.