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Context
APPLIED MECHANICS

Mechanics: Studyofbodiessubjecttoforces

Statics

Statics BodiesatRest
RigidBodies

by
Dr.T.Sivakumar

D
Dynamics
i BodiesinMotion(Vehicles)
B di i M ti (V hi l )
SolidMechanics(MartialProperties)

DeformableBodies

Fluids

FluidMechanics(Air&Water)

Level1
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Background

MoreBackground

NewtonsLaws

Units
SISystem
USCustomary

1st

Law:Bodyatresttendstostayatrest
2nd Law:Unbalancedforcecausesacceleration
(F=ma)
3rd Law:Foreveryactionthereisanequaland
oppositereaction

DimensionalHomogeneity
VectorandScalarQuantities

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TL 1050

Vectors

VectorManipulation

Vector Magnitude andDirection

Components

Ex. Forces,Velocities,Accelerations
Representation:
B

Addition/Subtraction

Ay

rAB

Manipulation

A =A
Ax i +A
+ Ayj

Ax

ScalarProduct
Components

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Addition

ScalarMultiplicationcA =cA i +cA j

A+B =(Ax+Bx)i +(Ay+By)j

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ComponentExample

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FundamentalEquations

Apersonexertsa60lbforceFtopushacrateontoatruck.
ExpressF intermsofcomponents.

Staticsimpliesequilibrium
NoAcceleration F=ma=0
SumofForcesinalldirectionsisZERO!
Fx =0
Fy =0
Fz =0

NoRotation M=0
SumofMomentsinalldirectionsisZERO!

Fx =60*cos(20)Fy =60*sin(20)

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ForceTerminology

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MoreForceTerminology
CenterofMass

Gravity

Termstobefamiliarwith

W=m*g
G=9.81m/s2 =32.2ft/s2

LineofAction(c)
ConcurrentForces(a)
Concurrent Forces (a)

BodyForce
Body Force

ParallelForces(b)

SurfaceForce

Ex:Gravity
NormalForce(N)
FrictionalForce(f)

CoplanarForces

(c)
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TL 1050

FreeBodyDiagrams
Mostimportantanalysistool
Aidsinidentificationofexternalforces
Procedure
Identifytheobjecttobeisolated
Identify the object to be isolated
Drawtheobjectisolated(withrelevant
dimensions)
Drawvectorstorepresentallexternalforces

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FreeBodyDiagrams
Internal/ExternalForce
Dependsonchoiceofobject
Person+Chair

PersonOnly

WT

RF

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RC

WP RC

RC

RF

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TL 1050

ExampleProblem

ExampleProblem
1.ThesumoftheforcesFA +FB +FC =0.Ifthe
magnitudeof|FA|=100Nandtheangle.
Determine|F
= 60o B|and|FC|.

2.Azoologistestimatesthatthejawofapredatoris
subjectedtoaforcePaslargeas800N.WhatforcesT
andMmustbeexertedbythetemporalisandmasseter
muscles to support this value of P?
musclestosupportthisvalueofP?

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ExampleProblem

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ExampleProblem

3.Theinclinedsurfaceissmooth.Thetwospringsare
identical,withunstretchedlengthsof250mmand
springconstantsk=1200N/mm.Whatarethemasses

4.TheforceF=5i(kN)actsonpointAwherethecablesAB,
AC,andADarejoined.Determinethetensionsinthethree
cables.

of blocks A and B?
ofblocksAandB?

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Moment(Torque)Concept
Arotationcausingforce
Vectorwithdirectionperpendiculartoplane(righthandrule)

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VectorRepresentation
Mp =rxF
risvectorfrompointofinterestto
any pointalonglineofactionofF
This method is more convenient for
Thismethodismoreconvenientfor
3Dproblems

MP =D*F
Units:NmorlbF

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ComputingtheCrossProduct

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ExampleProblem

NOT Commutative(OrderMATTERS!)
UxV=(Uxi+Uyj)x(Vxi+Vyj)

=UxVx(ixi)+UxVy(ixj)+UyVx(jxi)+UyVy(jxj)

5.Twoforcesofequalmagnitudeareappliedtothewrenchas
shown.Ifa50Nmmomentisrequiredtoloosenthenut,
whatisthenecessaryvalueofF?

(+)

()()()

(+)(+)(+)

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TL 1050

ExampleProblem

ExampleProblem

6.ThemomentexertedaboutpointEbytheweightis299lb
in.WhatmomentdoestheweightexertaboutpointS?

7.TheforceFpointsinthedirectionoftheunitvectore=2/3i
2/3j +1/3k.ThesupportatOwillsafelysupportamoment
of560Nmmagnitude.Basedonthiscriterion,whatisthe
largestsafemagnitudeofF?

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ObjectsinEquilibrium
F=0

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Supports

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Whendrawingfreebodydiagram
Ifyouremoveasupport,youmustreplaceitwithappropriatereaction
forces
Think:Whatmovementsdoesthesupportrestrict?

2D x,y 2Equations,2Unknowns
3D x,y,z 3Equations,3Unknowns

M=0(aboutanypoint)
Rigidbodyassumption

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ExampleProblem

ExampleProblem

8.TheironingboardhassupportsatAandBthatcanbe
modeledasrollersupports.Drawafreebodydiagramofthe
ironingboardanddeterminethereactionsatAandB.

9.Thepersondoingpushupspausesinthepositionshown.
Hismassis80kg.Assumethathisweight,W,actsatthepoint
shown.Thedimensionsshownarea=250mm,b=740mm,
andc=300mm.Findthenormalforceexertedbythefloor
oneachhandandeachfoot.

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Department of Transport & Logistics Management

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MoreFreeBodyDiagrams
FramesandMachines

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