POST IMPACTED STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF

FIBRE METAL LAMINATES( REVIEW 3)

C.SETHUMAHADEVAN
M.E (AERO) P.T
2013657013

GUIDE
Dr.B.T.N. Sridhar
Professor & Head
Department of Aerospace Engineering
MIT Campus ,Anna University ,Chennai -44

AIM AND OBJECTIVE

Aircraft structures are more prone to impact damages. Impact damage on aircraft
structures can be caused by low- and high-velocity sources such as runaway
debris, hail, bird strikes, engine debris, collisions between service cars, and cargo.
To overcome the above, this experiments objective is to characterize the impact
properties of the FML used for aircraft structures.

PRACTICAL RELEVANCE
Weight reduction and improved damage tolerance characteristics were the
prime drivers to develop new family of materials for the aerospace/aeronautical
industry. Aiming this objective, a new lightweight Fiber/Metal Laminate (FML) has
been developed. The combination of metal and polymer composite laminates can
create a synergistic effect on many properties. The mechanical properties of FML
shows improvements over the properties of both aluminum alloys and composite
materials individually. Due to their excellent properties, FML are being used as
fuselage skin structures of the next generation commercial aircrafts

Cont..
The moisture absorption in FML composites is slower when compared with
polymer composites, even under the relatively harsh conditions, due to the barrier
of the aluminum outer layers. Due to this favorable atmosphere, recently big
companies such as EMBRAER, Aerospatiale, Boeing, Airbus, and so one, starting
to work with this kind of materials as an alternative to save money and to guarantee
the security of their aircrafts.

RESULTS PLOT
IMPACT
Load Vs Time
Energy Vs Time
Deformation Vs Time

FLEXURAL(3 Point Bending)

Stress Vs Strain

FACILITIES AVAILABLE

oven
UTM (Instron 3367)
IIT (Instrument Impact Test )

OVEN

Maximum Temperature :400C

Volume: 500 ltr
Resolution : 5 c

UNIVERSAL TESTING MACHINE

Instron Model : 3367
Load Capacity :30 KN
Test type
Tensile
Flexural :3 point -4 point

INSTRUMENT IMPACT TEST

Drop height Range (mm)

30 to 1100

Mass Range (kg)

2 to 70

Speed range (m/s)

0.75 to 4.6

Maximum speed with

additional system (option)
(m/s)

24

Energy Range (J)

0.6 to 775

Maximum energy with

additional energy system
(option) (J)

1800

Test Temperature

RT to 150 C

SELECTION OF LAMINATE
Fibre Metal laminates

GLARE
(GLAss Reinfored Epoxy)

ARALL
(Aramid Fiber /Aluminum)

GLARE Advantage
Better damage tolerance behavior (especially impact and metal fatigue as the
elastic strain is larger than other metal material it can consume more impact
energy. It is dented easier but has a higher penetration resistance )
Better corrosion resistance.
Better fire resistance.
Lower specific weight .

STANDARD GLARE GRADE

FABRICATION OF GLARE

A . Surface pre-treatment of aluminium Sheet .

B. Hand lay-up
C . Cutting the Specimen as per ASTM Standard

SURFACE TREAMENT

Types of surface treatments

1. Mechanical
2. Chemical
3. Electromechanical
4. Coupling agent
5. Dry surface treatment

SURFACE PRE-TREATMENT OF ALUMINIUM

As per ASTM D 2651 Surface Prepartaion of metal surface for Adhesive Bonding
Aluminium Alloy
1.
Sulfuric acid
Sodium Dichromate
2. Etch (sulfuric Acid/Sulfate)
Sulfuric Acid
Ferric sulfate

SULPHURIC ACID SODIUM DICHROMATE

SOLUTION COMPOSITION:
Distilled water (70% by weight of total solution)
Concentrated Sulphuric acid (H2SO4) lab grade (27 % by weight of total solution)
Sodium dichromate Na2Cr2O7 -(3% by weight of total solution)
1. Clean the sheets using with banyan cloth.
2. Emery the bonding surface of the sheet using 100 grit size emery sheets to get mat
finishing.
3. Ensure the surface is free from contamination and dust particles.
4. Pour the distilled water (70% by weight of total solution) into the tray.

Cont
5. Ensure the level of water is maintained 10mm above the skin sheet.
6. Mix the sodium dichromate (3% by weight of total solution) thoroughly with the distilled
water.
7. Slowly pour the Concentrated Sulphuric Acid (27% by weight of total solution) inside the
tray uniformly over the total surface of the solution.
8. Place the thermometer at one corner of the tray to monitor the temperature of the
solution.
9. Record the time at which the bath reaches 70C.
10. Place the aluminum skin sheets slowly one by one inside the bath and keep it for
305min.

Cont

1. Clean another tray with IPA.

2. Fill the tray with distilled water for cleaning the etched sheets.
3. Take out the etched sheets after 305 min from the bath one by one and place them
inside the cleaning tray.
4. Clean the skin surface using banyan cloth.
5. Shift the skin sheets to another cleaning tray filled with distilled water for further
cleaning.
6. cleaned sheets in hot distilled running water (temp.705C).

FIBRE ORIENATION&HAND LAYUP

1. Cross ply (0 /90)
2. Araldite AW 106 with hardener 956 by 1:1 ratio (adhesive)
3. EPOXY LY 556 with hardener araldite it 951 by the ratio of
10:1.(resin)

CROSS PLY
90
Al 2024-T3

0
6 layer Fibre

Al 2024 T3

FIBRE METAL LAMINATE

250 X250 mm

FLEXURAL TEST (3 POINT BENDING)

As per ASTM Standard D790

Span length: 110mm
Width : 25 mm
Thickness : 3 mm
Cross Head moment : 1 mm/min

Maxi
Load (KN)

Max
Displacement (mm)

Max
Strain

Modules
(Mpa)

0.1586

20.29

144.2

27990

TENSILE TEST

ASTM D 3039
Gauge length :120 mm
Grip distance :80mm
Cross head moment : 0.5 mm/min
Max Load (KN)

Max
Displacement
(mm)

Max Strain

Modules (Mpa)

7.200

3.359

0.031

7953

IMPACT TEST
Standard followed ASTM D 5628 FD
Striker Velocity
: 6 m/s
Total mass
:1.92kg
Tup Diameter (mm)
: 12.7 Hemispherical

Peak Force (N)

Total Energy (J)

Total Deformation (mm)

3177.555

27.159

17.570

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Thank you