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df(yk ) dQk
=
dyk
dyk
because Qn is constant. Hence, assuming manning roughness is constant,
2
df
1 1
3
= So 2 A k R k
dy
n
-1
2
1 1 2A R 3 dR
dA
= So 2
+R 3
n
3
dy
dy
k
2 2 dR
1 1
1 dA
= So 2 A k R k 3
+
n
3R dy A dy k
2 dR
df
1 dA
+
= Qk
A dy k
dy k
3R dy
in which the subscript k out side the bracket indicates that the
quantities in the bracket computed for y = yk.
In Newton's method,
given a choice of yk , yk+1 is chosen to satisfy
0- f (y)k
df
=
dy k yk + yk+1
This yk+1 is the value of yk ,
f (yk )
yk+1 = yk ( df / dy ) k
Hydraulics
Which is the fundamental equation of the Newton's method. Iterations are continued
until there is no significant change in yn; this will happen when the error is nearly zero or
an acceptable prescribed tolerance.
Thus for manning equation it may be written as
y k+1 = y k -
1 - Q / Qk
2 dR 1 dA
+
3R dy A dy k
( )
d
d
(R ) = A P
dy
dy
1 dA A dP
=
P dy P 2 dy
T R dP
=
P P dy
consider
2 dR 1 dA
+
3R dy A dy
2 P T R dP T
+
3 A P P dy A
dP T
21
T R +
dy A
3 A
2 T 2 R dP T
+
3 A 3 A dy A
5 T 2 1 dP
3 A 3 P dy
2
3 bo y 3 ( bo + 2 y )
51 4
1
3 y 3 ( bo + 2 y )
5 ( bo + 2 y ) 12 y
3 y ( bo + 2 y )
5bo + 10 y 4 y
3 y ( bo + 2 y )
5bo + 6 y
3 y ( bo + 2 y )
y k+1 = y k -
1 - Q /Qk
5 bo + 6 y k
3y b + 2 y
k
k o
Similarly the channel shape function ( 2/3R )( dR/dy ) + ( 1/A ) (dA/dy)
Hydraulics
(1 + m2 ) + 4my 2 (1 + m2 )
3y ( bo + my ) bo + 2 y (1 + m 2 )
( bo + 2my ) + 6 y
Trapezoided Channel
8
3y
Triangular Channel
Circular Conduit
4 ( 2sin + 3 5 cos )
3do ( )( sin ) sin
2
in which
= 2 cos 1 1
2y
do
Example:
Compute the flow depth in a 0.6 m wide rectangular channel having n= 0.015, S0 =
0.025, and Q = 0.25 m3s-1.
B
Solution:
1
Q = AR 3 S 2
n
2
3
byk
1
Q = bo y
S 2
+
2
n
b
y
k
bo
A
=
p bo + 2 y
Hydraulics
1
by
(
)
1
k 3
Q=
S 2
2
n
( b + 2 yk ) 3
5
1
1
( 0.6 yk ) 3
0.025
Qk =
2
(
)
2
0.015
( 0.6 + 2 yk ) 3
5
53
53
0.6 3 y
4.4993 y
k
k
=
Qk = 10.5409*
23
23
0.6 + 2 yk
0.6 + 2 yk
Shape function =
=
(1)
5bo + 6 yk
3 yk ( b + 2 yk )
5 ( 0.6 ) + 6 yk
3 yk ( 0.6 + 2 yk )
3 + 6 yk
1 + 2 yk
=
3 yk ( 0.6 + 2 yk ) yk ( 0.6 + 2 yk )
0.25
1
yk ( 0.6 + 2 yk )
Qk
y k+1 = yk
(1 + 2 yk )
(2)
Iteration (k)
yk ( m )
1
0.100
2
0.1815
3
0.1727
Q(m3s -1 )
0.1125
0.2684
0.2488
Froude number F =
F=
( 9.81*0.1727 )
Q/ A
V
=
gy
gy
= 1.844