University of San Carlos

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

EE421NL-EE Machines 1 Lab
7:30-10:30, Monday, 2nd Semester AY2015-16
Open Circuit Test of Transformer
Rafael D. Seva, Jr.

METHODOLOGY
Connect the circuit as shown in Figure1. Connect the
220 volt AC source to the variable autotransformer so
as to vary the input voltage in the circuit. Starting
from zero, gradually increase the input voltage stepby-step up to ten per cent above the rated voltage of
the transformer which is in this case equal to 220volts. For each of the voltage variation, record the
input current, input power and voltage.
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The circuit diagram is reconnected for a 220/440
volts configuration. As before, the input voltage...
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ABSTRACT:
One of the tests performed in transformer is the opencircuit test. This test is necessary in the determination
of the core loss of the transformer........
INTRODUCTION:
When one side of a transformer is left open-circuited
and the other side is connected to an AC source
whose voltage is the rated value, the current will be
extremely low, about 2 to 10% of the rated load
current. This no-load current or the exciting current
Io has two components, one producing the normal
mutual flux, and the other taking care of the
hysteresis and eddy-current losses in the core. Since
the current is very low, the copper loss will be
negligible. For all practical purposes, therefore, the
power measured by the instrument under condition of
the open circuit will register the core loss.

DATA and RESULTS

Table1: Tabulated results on the
Transformer with 220:220 configuration
Voltage
Input
Vin

OBJECTIVES:

Current
Input
IO

Power
Input
PC

Wattful
Current
Ih+e

OCT

of

Wattless
Current
Im

To determine the amount of power lost in hysteresis

and eddy-current in the iron core of the single-phase
transformer.
MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT USED:
Transformer, Digital Power Meter, Variac, MultiTester, Connecting Wires

Table2: Tabulated results on the

Transformer with 220:440 configuration

OCT

of

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Voltage
Input
Vin

Current
Input
IO

Power
Input
PC

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Wattful
Current
Ih+e

Wattless
Current
Im

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS:

CONCLUSION:

[1] Ih+e = Pc/Vin

[Must be based upon (1) Objective, (2) Graphs]

2
[2] Im = Io2 Ih+e

REFERENCES:
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[ Books, Articles, PDF files, internet web-site, etc]

REFLECTION:

ANSWERS to QUESTIONS:

[ How the experiment/lab activity affected you

personally in preparation for your career, etc....
Maximum of 5 sentences only .]

1. Plot, with applied voltage as abscissa, the values

of the input watts, and total current Io. Taking the
magnetizing current Im versus the input voltage.
2. Draw a typical vector diagram of the transformer
on open-circuit test showing the phase
relationship between flux, primary voltage, noload current, and the wattful and wattless
components of the current Io.
3. Explain the primary and secondary winding
connection.

CERTIFICATION:
I hereby certify that this report is ........

________________________
Rafael D. Seva, Jr.
[ Signature above name ]

GRAPHS

Figure1: Graph of Vin and Iin

It can be seen from Figure1 that when the input
voltage is varied, the input current varies
exponentially. It could be deduced that when the
voltage is increased beyond its rated value, the
increase in the input current is very dramatic. This is
an indication that a transformer should not be
operated beyond its rated voltage because by doing
so the ........
[There should be an analysis of every graphs
presented]
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