Survey on optical deflectometry to evaluate the topography of

three-dimensional surfaces
1,

Rigoberto Juarez-Salazar , W. Fermin Guerrero Sanchez , Carlos I. Robledo Sanchez , Cesar

1
1
1
Alejandro Lopez Ortiz , Jorge Gonzalez Garcia and Agustin Santiago Alvarado
1
Instituto de Fsica y Matemticas, Universidad Tecnolgica de la Mixteca
2
Facultad de Ciencias Fsico-Matemticas, Benemrita Universidad Autnoma de Puebla

rjuarezsalazar@gmail.com

Abstract

Direct reflection problem

Inverse reflection problem

Optical deflectometry has a great interest in evaluation

of surfaces because of its high sensitivity. In this work,
we present a survey on optical deflectometry to evaluate the topography of three-dimensional surfaces. We
show experimental results obtained from evaluation
of a surface for solar concentration.

Deflectometry is based mainly in the Snells reflection

law. Two conditions must be satisfied:

On the other hand, the deflectometry measurements

can be see in one of the following situations:

1. The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal at the reflection points are coplanar, and

1. From the known output and optical system, to

determine the input object, and

2. The angles formed by the normal-incident ray

and normal-reflected ray are equals.

2. From the known output and input objects, to determine the optical system.

Introduction
Optical deflectometry methods are widely used because of its higher sensitivity, in some applications,
near to interferometric levels [1, 2]. However, unlike
of fringe projection techniques, the topography evaluation is not direct with deflectometry [4]. Moreover,
the measurement depends on the optical arrangement
employed [3].

Input
reference

Known op'cal system

??

Output
object

The so-called ray tracing methods are based on the

above restrictions. This approach offers useful results
to design optical elements and/or to analyze the performance of experimental arrangements.

Known op'cal system

Input
reference

Output
object

Output
object

??

Solutions methods and results

For simplicity purposes, we consider a concave spherical surface and four inverse reflection methods are proposed.
1. By using the inner product and requiring the constraint ra c = rb c, Fig. 1(a).
We present a survey of optical deflectometry to evaluate the topography of 3D surfaces. The relevant items
can be classified into two different problems: the direct
and inverse problems. They were analyzed and some
results analyzing a mirror for solar concentration.

Conclusions
The data processing is hard and computer time. In this
survey, the direct and inverse problems in deflectometry approach where presented. Four methods to reconstruct a concave spherical mirror where suggested. We
show the effectiveness of a proposed method in a numerical simulation and good results where obtained.

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2. Finding the intersection point c0 , then to apply the angle bisector theorem m/n = ||c a||/||c b||, Fig. 1(b).
3. Computing the intersection points a0 and b0 , then the line between them and the radius are forced to be
orthogonal; i.e., (a0 b0 ) c = 0, Fig. 1(c).
4. From the spherical coordinates of vectors c a and c b to compute the angle which satisfies the average:
= (a + b )/2, Fig. 1(d).

(a)

(b)

c'
a m n

a
b
c

(d)

(c)

b
c

b'

a
c

b'
c'

a'

Fig. 1. Four methods to solve the inverse reflection problem in a concave spherical mirror.
The last described method was used in the tree-dimensional reconstruction of a concave spherical mirror. We
show in Fig. 2 the procedure of reconstruction.

References
[1] C. Faber, E. Olesch, R. Krobot, and G. Hdusler. Deflectometry
challenges interferometry: the competition gets tougher! Proc.
SPIE, 8493:84930R84930R15, 2012.
[2] A. Miks, J. Novak, and P. Novak. Method for reconstruction of
shape of specular surfaces using scanning beam deflectometry.
Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 51(7):867 872, 2013.
[3] J. Novak, P. Novak, and A. Miks. Analysis of method of 3d
shape reconstruction using scanning deflectometry, 2013.
[4] G. Sironi, R. Canestrari, G. Pareschi, and C. Pelliciari. Deflectometry for optics evaluation: free form segments of polynomial
mirror, 2014.

Fig. 2. Reconstruction of a concave spherical mirror by using the method in Fig. 1(d). (Left) Computing a point
of from a point on the output image. (Right) All corresponding points sensed on the output image.