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Listed below are Altair HyperWorks applications. Copyright Altair Engineering Inc., All Rights Reserved for:
HyperMesh 1990-2011; HyperCrash 2001-2011; OptiStruct 1996-2011; RADIOSS 1986-2011; HyperView
1999-2011; HyperView Player 2001-2011; HyperStudy 1999-2011; HyperGraph 1995-2011; MotionView 1993
2011; MotionSolve 2002-2011; HyperForm 1998-2011; HyperXtrude 1999-2011; Process Manager 2003-2011;
Templex 1990-2011; Data Manager 2005-2011; MediaView 1999-2011; BatchMesher 2003-2011;
TextView 1996-2011; HyperMath 2007-2011; ScriptView 2007-2011; Manufacturing Solutions 2005-2011;
HyperWeld 2009-2011; HyperMold 2009-2011; solidThinking 1993-2011; solidThinking Inspired 2009-2011;
Durability Director 2009-2011; Suspension Director 2009-2011; AcuSolve 1997-2011; and AcuConsole
2006-2011.
In addition to HyperWorks trademarks noted above, GridWorks, PBS Gridworks, PBS Professional,
PBS and Portable Batch System are trademarks of ALTAIR ENGINEERING INC., as is patent # 6,859,792. All
are protected under U.S. and international laws and treaties. All other marks are the property of their respective
owners.
HyperForm
........................................................................................................................................... 1
Introduction...................................................................................................................................
to HyperForm
3
Introduction...................................................................................................................................
to HF Macros - HF-0010
5
Introduction
to
HyperBlank
Macros
HF-0010
................................................................................................................................... 11
HF-0100: ...................................................................................................................................
General Introduction
13
Radioss One
Step
...................................................................................................................................
33
HF-0150:
........................................................................................................................................
Quick Setup
35
HF-0200:
........................................................................................................................................
Geometry Cleanup
49
HF-0300:
........................................................................................................................................
Automeshing
65
HF-0400:
........................................................................................................................................
Mesh Quality
81
HF-0500:
........................................................................................................................................
Model Preparation - Undercut Check and Autotipping
89
HF-1000:
........................................................................................................................................
One-Step Stamping Simulation
95
........................................................................................................................................
HF-1010:
Increasing Blankholder Pressures
105
........................................................................................................................................
HF-1020:
Applying Drawbeads and Performing Circle Grid Analysis
109
........................................................................................................................................
HF-1030:
Transferring Forming Results to Crash Analysis
115
........................................................................................................................................
HF-1040:
Laser Weld
123
........................................................................................................................................
HF-1050:
Trim Line Layout
127
Incremental
Analysis
................................................................................................................................... 133
........................................................................................................................................
HF-3000:
Introduction to Incremental_Radioss and Incremental_Dyna
135
........................................................................................................................................
HF-3001:
Auto Process
143
........................................................................................................................................
HF-3002:
User Process
159
........................................................................................................................................
HF-3003:
Setting Up a Multi Stage Simulation from the User Process
175
........................................................................................................................................
HF-3010:
Simple Draw Forming
181
........................................................................................................................................
HF-3020:
Combined Binderwrap and Draw Forming Analysis
191
........................................................................................................................................
HF-3030:
Drawbead
203
........................................................................................................................................
HF-3040:
Springback
213
........................................................................................................................................
HF-3050:
Trimming
219
........................................................................................................................................
HF-3060:
Gravity
225
........................................................................................................................................
HF-3070:
Redraw
227
........................................................................................................................................
HF-3080:
Multi-stage Manager
237
........................................................................................................................................
HF-3090:
Tube Bending
247
........................................................................................................................................
HF-3100:
HydroForming
255
........................................................................................................................................
HF-3110:
Blank Optimizer
265
Die Module
................................................................................................................................... 273
........................................................................................................................................
HF-2005:
Basic Addendum Creation Using Die Process
275
........................................................................................................................................
HF-2010:
Basic Addendum Creation
281
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........................................................................................................................................
HF-2020:
Designing a Parametric Addendum
287
........................................................................................................................................
HF-2030:
Modifying a Parametric Addendum
307
HF-2040: Parameterization of External Binder and Addendum Section Using Section Editor
........................................................................................................................................
317
Optimization
................................................................................................................................... 327
........................................................................................................................................
HF-4010:
Mesh Morphing
329
........................................................................................................................................
HF-4020:
Optimization 1-Step
337
Result Mapping
................................................................................................................................... 347
........................................................................................................................................
HF-5000:
Using Result Mapper in HyperCrash
349
........................................................................................................................................
HF-5100:
Result Mapping Using Process Manager
357
HF-6000:...................................................................................................................................
Die Structure Optimization
367
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HyperForm
Introduction
HF-0010: Introduction to HF Macros
HF-0100: General Introduction
Incremental Analysis
HF-3000: Introduction to Incremental
HF-3001: Auto Process
HF-3002: User Process
HF-3003: Setting Up a Multi Stage Simulation from the User Process
HF-3010: Simple Draw Forming
HF-3020: Combined Binderwrap and Draw Forming Analysis
HF-3030: Drawbead
HF-3040: Springback
HF-3050: Trimming
HF-3060: Gravity
HF-3070: Redraw
HF-3080: Multi-stage Manager
HF-3090: Tube Bending
HF-3100: HydroForming
HF-3110: Blank Optimizer
Die Module
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Optimization Study
HF-4010: Mesh Morphing
HF-4020: Optimization 1-Step
Result Mapping
HF-5000: Using Result Mapper in HyperCrash
HF-5100: Result Mapping Using Process Manager
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Introduction to HyperForm
The following introductory tutorials are available:
Incremental Analysis
HF-3001: Auto Process
HF-3002: User Process
HF-3010: Simple Draw Forming
HF-3020: Combined Binderwrap and Draw Forming Analysis
HF-3030: Drawbead
HF-3040: Springback
HF-3050: Trimming
HF-3060: Gravity
HF-3070: Redraw
HF-3080: Multiple Stage Manager
HF-3090: Tube Bending
HF-3100: HydroForming
HF-3110: Blank Optimizer
Die Design
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Optimization Study
HF-4010: Mesh Morphing
HF-4020: Optimization 1-Step
Result Mapping
HF-5000: Result Mapper Using HyperCrash
HF-5100: Result Mapping Using Process Manager
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All the Radioss One Step macros are located on the 1Step page of the Utility Menu. These macros allow
you to quickly set up an analysis for one step simulation. The Radioss One Step macros are divided into the
following three sections.
Model
Setup
Allows you to setup the model for simulation using Radioss One Step.
Results
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All of the macros are located in the Radioss page of the macro area. The incremental process macros allow
you to more easily setup different application types. The following application types are available under
Application.
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All the macros are located on the Utility Menu. These macros allow you to quickly set up an analysis for
one step simulation. The macros are divided into the following three sections.
Model
Setup
Results
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User Profiles
Graphics Area
Main menu
Utility Menu
Menu items
Entity selector
Direction selector
Input fields
Pop-up menus
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Function buttons
Exercises:
Three exercises are provided in this chapter:
Exercise 1: Opening a database file and using the tool bar
Exercise 2: Understanding Collectors and using online help
Exercise 3: Translating elements
User profiles
The HyperForm user interface includes the following analysis configurations:
Radioss One Step: Setup, run, and review of a one-step analysis
Incremental_Radioss: Setup and run an incremental analysis using RADIOSS Solver
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In the Applications: field, select Manufacturing Solutions and then select one of the modules - Radioss
One Step, Incremental_Radioss, Incremental_LsDyna, or Die Module - before performing any further
operations.
The selected configuration can include loading a specific template, loading a specific Utility Menu, renaming
panels, removing unused panels or subpanels, and removing, moving, or renaming panel options. The
selected configuration can change the appearance of a panel, but they do not affect the internal behavior of
each function.
Graphics Area
The graphics area displays geometry, models, and XY plots.
Status Bar
The status bar is located at the bottom of the HyperForm window, just below the user profile switches on the
Utility Menu. It displays the name of the current panel and user profile, and model status information.
Messages also appear on the message bar, temporarily overriding the title and status information.
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Toolbars
Collectors toolbar
Visualization toolbar:
Display toolbar:
The toolbars enable you to manipulate the view of the model, control which collectors are displayed in the
graphics area, set global modeling parameters, and edit solver-specific data.
The functions of some of the toolbar menu icons are described below:
Panel
16
Icon
Description
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Files
Card edit
Wireframe
Elements
Shaded
Elements &
Mesh Lines
Wireframe
geometry
Shaded
Geometry &
Surface Edges
Visualization
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Icon
Description
Plot Refresh
Previous View
Fit View
Resizes the model view to fit the model to the graphics area
Modal Zoom
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Rotate Mode
Pan modes
Rotate (left/
right)
Click the left mouse button to rotate the model leftward, and the
right button to rotate it rightward
Rotate (up/
down)
Click the left mouse button to rotate the model upward, and the
right button to rotate it downward
Spherical
clipping
User View /
True view
True View
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Start HyperMesh.
2.
3.
For Application, select Manufacturing Solutions. Verify that HyperForm and Radioss One Step are
selected.
4.
Click OK.
2.
In the Open File dialog, change the Files of type: field to All files.
3.
Navigate to the 1Step folder, click on the file Die_Mesh.hm and click Open.
In the Model Browser, expand the Master Model folder, and then Component folder.
2.
Right-click on the Binder component and select Hide. Notice the Binder mesh is no longer displayed in
the graphics area. Right-click on it again and select Show.
3.
From the toolbar, click the Shaded Elements & Mesh Lines icon
shaded mode.
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4.
5.
Notice that the Binder and Addendum components become a gray color. This indicates the two
components share the same material.
6.
7.
8.
The graphics area is displayed as a gradient color. You can change both the lighter and darker colors.
Click the color box next to Background 1 and Background 2 and select other color options. This
changes the background color to your selection.
9.
12. Move the mouse cursor to graphics area, keep on holding the right mouse button and pan the model
graphically.
Move the mouse cursor back to toolbar menu to release the panning action.
Note: Pan action can also be achieved by holding Ctrl keyboard + right mouse button.
13. From the toolbar, left click Rotate Mode icon
14. Click and drag in the graphics area to rotate the model.
15. From the toolbar, left click Incremental Zoom icon
16. From the toolbar, click Fit View icon
17. From the toolbar, left click User View / True view icon
18. Click the left button to review the model from the XZ plane.
Main Menu
From the main menu you can access to a variety of panels grouped by the selected user profile.
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The main menu w ith the Radioss One Step user profile loaded
Utility Menu
The Utility Menu is located on the left side of the graphics region and can be relocated by clicking on View
and selecting Tab Area. When Manufacturing Solutions and HyperForm working environments are loaded,
the Utility Menu is automatically switched to the HyperForm working environment. It provides tools for
defining/reviewing/editing a model. The Model tab option enables the Model Browser functionality
The user profile selection buttons are at the bottom of the menu.
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1Step
Quick access/switch to the Radioss One Step user profile
Radioss
Quick access/switch to the Incremental_Radioss user profile
Die
Quick access/switch to the Die Module user profile
Disp
Tools for visualization purpose
Util
Utilities to perform operations at geometry level.
User
User-created macros only
Dyna
Quick access/switch to Incremental_LsDyna user profile
To hide the Utility Menu:
From the View pull-down menu, uncheck the Utility Menu.
To display the Utility menu:
From the View pull-down menu, check the Utility Menu.
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HyperForm environment.
When the HyperForm environment is loaded, the menu bar also enables you to access to the fundamental
menus regardless of the customization of the HyperForm interface.
2.
Click any panel from the main menu, for example, the Sections panel, and stay in the selected panel.
2.
From the keyboard, click the H key. This directly enters the help function for the selected panel.
The information for the Sections panel is displayed on screen.
2.
3.
Click on the Index or Find tab, and type in the desired keyword(s).
A list of related topics is displayed.
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File - Open/
Saves and retrieves HyperForm binary database files.
Save/ Save As
There are no restrictions placed on HyperForm database file extension names other
than those imposed by the operating system.
To load a HyperForm database file on top of another HyperForm database file (*.hf
), use the import option.
File - Import
File - Export
Load
Load a the template file used to format the HyperForm database for a specific
analysis code, or load a Results file, or a Macro file
Run
2.
Click the Mesh icon to turn the mesh display back on.
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3.
Similarly, click the Geometry icon next to the various components to turn their display on and off. When
finished, right click on the Components folder and click Show to display all of the components
completely.
In steps 4 though 11, you will review card images, assign a new material to the Part component, and
use the online help.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. Click update. Notice the associated material is now changed to CRDQ Steel.
11. Press the H key to start the online help.
The online help is launched, displaying the help topic for the panel. Review information for the
Components panel. Return to the main menu when finished.
Menu Items
The menu items on each panel allow you to specify settings and enter information that is needed to perform
the panels function. Panels can contain subpanels, function buttons, toggles, switches, entity selectors,
direction selectors, data entry fields, input fields, and pop-up menus.
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In the following discussion of menu items, you will be using the Translate panel. Access it from the
Geometry menu.
Entity Selector
The entity selector allows you to choose the type of entity to be modified when performing a function. The
entity selector may or may not have a switch
; some panels perform a function on only one type of entity.
The entity selector button is yellow; when it is surrounded by a blue box, the collector is active and ready for
you to select or pick the entities to be processed. You can click on the switch to change the entity selector
type.
Direction Selector
The direction selector allows you to define a plane or vector by using the global x, y, or z axis, or by
selecting a vector, or by selecting nodes in the database.
Use a pre-existing vector entity (something you can create using the vector panel) to
define a direction.
N1, N2, N3
Create a user-defined direction. Selecting two nodes, N1 and N2, allows you to define
a vector direction with base point at N1 toward N2. Selecting three nodes, N1, N2, and
N3, allows you to define a plane with base point at N1 (unless otherwise specified).
The vector is normal to the plane and its direction is determined by the right hand rule.
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Reset
Input Fields
Input fields are used to enter text or numerical values. A description of the type of input precedes the field.
For numeric input fields, you can use the keyboard to enter the value or double-click the input field and use
the pop-up calculator to enter the value.
Pop-up Menus
Pop-up menus display when there are several options from which to choose.
For example, the extended entity selection menu (shown below) allows you to specify alternate methods for
selecting entities of the current data type. To use the extended entity selection menu, click the yellow data
type button of the entity selector. The menu automatically closes when you have made your selection.
Notice the grayed-out options within the pop-up menu indicates that the function is disabled in the selected
entity selection menu.
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Function Buttons
The color of the menu button corresponds to its purpose:
Green
Red
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All selections under the Translate option are displayed. SHIFT + F4 is the hot key for the Translate
function.
2.
A pop-up menu is displayed, listing all the entity types that can be modified with the Translate panel.
The mouse cursor is located at the center of the pop-up menu.
2.
Select elems to specify "elements" as the entity type you want to translate.
After you select elems, the pop-up menu automatically closes. The yellow entity selector button
displays "elems" and the button has a blue border to indicate that it is active.
3.
Click elems.
The extended entity selection menu displays, with the mouse cursor in the center.
4.
Select by collector to indicate you want to select the elements by component collector.
After you select by collector, a list of component collectors is displayed.
5.
In the graphics area, pick a cyan element by clicking near its element handle (the dot in the center of the
element). Selecting this element also selects the component collector containing the element, Part in
this case.
The element picked is momentarily highlighted white. The check box preceding Part has a white check
mark in it.
6.
Click select to select all the elements in the component collector, Part, as the elements to be modified
when you use the translate function.
The Translate panel again displays and all of the elements in the Part component are highlighted.
2.
3.
Click N1.
The blue border around N1 indicates it is active. The selected elements in the graphics area are now gray
because the entity selector is not active.
4.
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5.
6.
In the graphics area, right click the blue circle to deselect the node N2.
The blue node N2 is not displayed in the graphics area. The N2 button now has a blue border.
7.
In the graphics area, pick a different node. This new node is the new N2 node.
A blue circle displays in the graphics area at the node you specified.
Double-click magnitude =.
The calculator pop-up menu appears.
2.
Input 50.0, click enter and click exit to leave the calculator.
3.
Click translate +.
The highlighted elements move 50 units in the positive N1-N2 vector direction with N1 being the vectors
base node and the vector passing through N2.
4.
5.
Click f on the permanent menu. The model is resized to fit the screen.
configuration file
command file
hm.cfg
The hm.cfg file is a default configuration file read on start-up. The hm.cfg file controls many aspects of
how HyperForm runs at your particular site. You can edit the commands in the hm.cfg file to your own
preferences.
command.cmf
The command.cmf file is a standard ASCII file that HyperForm reads and writes. Command files allow you
to retrieve a work session in case of a system crash or program a series of procedures. You can use a
command file in applications that contain repetitive steps or you can create demonstrations.
All commands executed by the HyperForm command processor are written to this file. This file is
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automatically created in the directory in which you started HyperForm. If the file already exists, new
commands are appended to the existing file.
For more information about the command.cmf file, please see the HyperForm online help topic HyperForm
Commands.
hmmenu.set
The hmmenu.set file is a binary file that HyperForm updates when you exit HyperForm. Your personal
hmmenu.set file stores many global parameters and is located in the directory from which you started
HyperForm. If the file already exists, it is overwritten after you run a new session. The most recent global
parameter values in the current HyperForm session are written to this file when you exit. The next time you
start HyperForm, it has the values recorded in the hmmenu.set file. If the file does not exist when
HyperForm is invoked, the global parameter values are default values.
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2.
3.
Defining symmetry
4.
Defining blankholders
5.
Defining drawbeads
6.
Setting the stamping direction either by tipping the part or by using the existing part orientation as the
forming axis
7.
8.
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2.
3.
4.
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In the OneStep tab, right-click on Parts > New > Pick... as shown in the image below:
Note: The component name is recognized automatically as Part once the model is loaded into the
session.
2.
3.
Click on proceed.
Note: The material CRDQ steel and a thickness of 1 mm is assigned to the part by default.
4.
Right-click on the part lvl1 and select Geometry > Remove Holes.
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5.
6.
Click on the yellow surfs button to highlight it. Click again and select displayed from the extended entity
selection menu. This selects all the entities on the screen.
7.
8.
9.
2.
3.
Click on Mesh....
4.
Click surfs and select displayed from the extended entity selection menu. This selects all the surfaces
displayed on the screen.
5.
Click proceed.
6.
Click Close.
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2.
When finished viewing/changing the material selection, click Close to close the dialog.
3.
Highlight Thickness:1 by clicking on it once. Double-click on the digit 1 to make it editable and change
the value to 1.5.
2.
Click on the yellow nodes button and select on plane from the extended entity selection menu.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Click update.
9.
Click return.
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1.
In the Autotip panel, use the vector selector switch to assign a direction. If the stamping direction of
the part is not one of the principal axes, use N1, N2, N3 option and select 2 nodes on the model to
define a direction.
Click set.
The pressure level is proportional to the area of blank under the blankholder as well as thickness.
A pressure level of 2MPa, 5MPa and 10MPa for a 1mm blank has been chosen as a reference for
Low, Medium, and High (based on practical experience). The tonnage (metric ton unit) is equivalent
to the pressure times the blankholder area normalized/scaled by the thickness (1 metric ton =
9810N).
1.
In the OneStep tab, right click on Blankholders > New. If desired, you can double click on
Blankholder1 to change the name.
2.
3.
4.
Select z-axis and pick a node on the binder (flat region) for B (base node).
5.
Click proceed.
6.
Friction, Tonnage and Pressure level appears below Blankholder1. Double click on the values for
Friction and Tonnage to change the values.
7.
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Use the calculate subpanel to determine the closure and restraining force based on drawbead dimensions.
The restraining force is the value of the force (per unit length) applied by the bead in the plane of the blank
surface. The closure force is the force (per unit length) required in the perpendicular direction to keep the
drawbead closed.
1.
From the OneStep tab, right-click on Drawbeads > New > Restrain.
2.
Pick two nodes on the part as indicated in the image below to define the drawbeads.
3.
Click create.
Notice a message shows "The drawbead set has been created." A line representing drawbeads is
created.
4.
Notice that Drawbead1 is created with a default Restraint Force and Pressure Level. Double click
Drawbead1 to rename it.
5.
Right click on Pressure Level > Medium. Notice that Restraint Force changes based on the Pressure
Level selection.
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Step 6: Tipping
1.
Right click on the OneStep tab anywhere in the red box as shown below and select Autotip.
2.
3.
Verify the entity selector is set to comps and select the lvl1 component.
4.
Verify the toggle is set to full model and keep the rest of the options as default.
5.
6.
Click autotip.
7.
This action will tilt the part by an angle calculated by HyperForm to reduce draw depth during forming.
8.
Click return.
42
Right click on the OneStep tab anywhere in the red box as shown above and select Undercut Check.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
Click return.
Right click on the OneStep tab anywhere in the red box as shown above and select Check Model. A
message is displayed on the message bar, stating Model checked.
2.
3.
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Right click and select the desired result type for post processing.
Right click on the OneStep tab anywhere in the white space and select Blank Shape.
2.
Under Blank Shape Profile: click on the Initial radio button. Notice that the initial blank shape is
displayed on the screen, as shown below.
3.
Click on export to write out an iges boundary of the predicted blank shape to the folder where feasibility
analysis was run. The file will be named as <filename>_blank.iges.
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From the Tools menu, click on Blank Fit. This will bring up the blank fit utility, as shown below:
2.
Use the Part drop down menu to select the component on which the one step analysis was run.
3.
Keep the default values for Density and Cost per Kg.
4.
Under PLOT OPTIONS, click on the checkbox next to %Thinning and Formability. Notice that %
Thinning and Formability buttons becomes active.
5.
Rotate the model to a desired direction and click on %Thinning. This contours the model with %
Thinning result type.
6.
Left click to capture the image to include it in the report. A right click will abort the function and return to
the Blank Fit macro. This is indicated by the image on the right hand bottom corner of the graphics area
.
7.
8.
9.
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2.
Click on elems and select displayed from the extended entity selector menu.
3.
Click on the nesting button. A new window called Blank Nesting opens which allows you to nest the
blank in different configurations.
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4.
Right click any where on the blank shape and select Duplicate. This will create a duplicate of the
existing blank shape.
5.
Right click anywhere on the blue screen and select Auto nesting from the menu. This will make the
best fit of the 2 shapes of the blank on a sheet.
6.
7.
Enter a name and click on Save. This saves an .iges boundary of the nested sheet.
8.
Click Tools > Report Generator. The Report Generator opens up as shown below:
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2.
Click on the Result File: file browser icon and select <filename>.res in the folder where you have
run the feasibility analysis.
Note: You must run feasibility analysis in a separate folder with no spaces in the path and in the folder
name.
3.
Click on the Report Name: file browser icon and type a name for the report.
Note: The folder and report name must not have any spaces in the folder name or file name.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Click on Generate. This creates a report in the folder selected in the Report Name field. It includes a
folder called <filename>_data_dir and <filename>.hml.
8.
Open the folder that was selected for Report Name. Open the file <filename>.html in Internet
Explorer or Firefox. This opens a html page with hyperlinks to the selected result types and the
corresponding image with contour, as shown below:
9.
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Tools
Auto Cleanup panel
The Auto Cleanup panel performs automatic geometry cleanup
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49
2.
3.
Click Open.
Click View > Toolbars > Visualization to display the Visualization toolbar. The Visualization toolbar will
need the panels displayed also in the View menu.
2.
Notice the color of the model is changed and topology definitions are displayed on screen.
3.
The model comes in with several geometric problems after importing. You will first review the problems to
have a better understanding of the nature of the model.
In Topology color mode, each color represents different topological modes:
Free edge (Red color): The edge is owned by one surface. On a clean model, free edges appear only
along the outer perimeter of the part and internal holes. Free edges that appear between two adjacent
surfaces indicate the existence of a gap between the two surfaces.
Shared edge (Green color): The edge is owned by two adjacent surfaces. When the edges between
two adjacent surfaces are shared (green), there is no gap or overlap between the two surfaces, and they
are geometrically continuous. The automesh utility always places seed nodes along their length and will
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produce a continuous mesh without any gaps along that edge. The automesh utility will not construct
any individual elements that cross over a shared edge.
Suppressed edge (Blue color): The edge is owned and shared by two adjacent surfaces but it is ignored
by the automesh utility. They are blue dotted lines by default. Like a shared edge, a suppressed edge
indicates geometric continuity between two surfaces but, unlike a shared edge, the automesh utility will
mesh across a suppressed edge as if were not even there. The automesh utility does not place seed
nodes along their length and, consequently, individual elements will span across it. By suppressing
undesirable edges you are effectively combining surfaces into larger logical meshable regions.
Non-manifold edge (Yellow color): The edge is owned by three or more surfaces. They typically occur
at "T" intersections between surfaces or when 2 or more duplicate surfaces exist. The automesh utility
always places seed nodes along their length and will produce a continuous mesh without any gaps along
that edge. The automesh utility will not construct any individual elements that cross over a nonmanifold
edge. These edges cannot be suppressed and can sometimes be indication for duplicated geometry.
2.
.
and clear the Shared, Suppressed and
4.
Press T on your keyboard and input thetax = -101.154, thetay = -59.845 and thetaz = 109.363.
5.
6.
Notice the biggest pinhole as indicated in the left side of the image is considered as a part of the feature
and will be kept. The smaller holes on the flange area are considered removable.
7.
8.
Hold the Ctrl key and middle mouse button to draw a circle to zoom in the center bigger pinhole on the
flange as indicated in the image below.
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9.
In the Distance panel, select the two nodes option. Notice a halo is surrounding N1.
10. Hold the left mouse button and move the mouse cursor to the N1 location on top of the hole (location A
in the image) until the hole is highlighted. Release the left mouse button and click again to create a temp
green node created on top of the hole.
11. Repeat the same procedure for N2 to create a second blue temp node as shown as location B in the
image.
12. Notice the diameter of the hole (value next to distance = ) is about 3.2.
The approximate diameter of the largest hole is about 3.2. Remember this value so you can apply it
when you remove pinholes later.
13. Press F on the keyboard to fit the model to the screen.
14. Click return to close the panel.
2.
Notice several red lines as shown as in the image below. An example can be found as indicated where
an arrow is pointing.
Free edges that appear between two adjacent surfaces indicate the existence of a gap between the two
surfaces.
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3.
4.
5.
6.
.
and check Shared, Suppressed and Non-
2.
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You will use the Automesh panel to verify the quality of the surface in the following procedures.
3.
4.
Click surfs and select only the surface with dark shadow.
Notice two surfaces are selected as shown in the image below. This is a first indication of distorted
surface.
5.
6.
Click mesh.
Notice the mesh pattern has poor quality and higher node density at the center area (along the center
shared edge). This is a second indication of the distorted surface.
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7.
8.
2.
3.
Click Geometry > Defeature and then select the duplicates subpanel.
4.
5.
Click find.
Notice the two surfaces are highlighted and identified.
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2.
2.
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1.
2.
Click edit parameters to launch the Parameters File editor to modify Auto Cleanup settings.
3.
In the Parameters File editor, clear all settings under Other options:
4.
Click the
5.
Repeat the steps above and disable all options EXCEPT Geometry cleanup and Surface hole
recognition.
6.
Click
7.
In the first row under Surface hole recognition, input 4.0 under R< and check the Remove option. The
final result should look like the image below. Since the largest diameter of the holes on the flange is
about 3.2, using the value 4.0 can make sure all the holes on the flange will be removed.
8.
next to Other options and change to . This disables the other options.
(Delete line) to delete the second row under Surface hole recognition.
The target element size is the desired mesh size after geometry cleanup.
9.
10. Click surfs and select all from the pop-up window.
11. Click autocleanup.
Notice the cleanup process is launched. A message is displayed "There is a conflict between the user
requested element size of 3 and the quality criteria ideal element size 0.5 used in the optimization, How
do you wish to proceed?"
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Step 11: Fix the missing surface using the Quick Edit panel
In this step, you will manually clean up geometry using Quick edit panel.
1.
2.
From the toolbar, click the Shaded Geometry & Surface edges icon
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click any red edge of the missing rectangular surface. A surface is created to fill the missing surface.
Notice the previous four free edges are now changed to a green shared edge.
8.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
Click surfs and select the distorted surface (the surface with dark shadow) from the screen.
6.
7.
From the menu bar, click Geometry > Create > Surfaces > Ruled.
8.
If necessary, click the switch to set the selection to line list. Click the upper line list selector and
select the three red edges as shown in the image below.
9.
Click the lower line list selector and select the one red edge as shown in the image below.
Notice a new surface is created at the same location. The new surface has three shared (green) edges
and one free (red) edge as indicated in the image below.
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13. Press the F11 key to open the quick edit panel.
14. Click the line(s) button right next to toggle edge:.
15. Change the tolerance to be 0.1. This is the geometric cleanup tolerance.
16. Use the left mouse button to click the red free edge to turn it into a shared green edge.
17. Click return to close the panel.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click find. Notice two duplicated surfaces are highlighted and identified.
6.
7.
8.
From the Visualization tab, select the Topology icon and uncheck Shared, Suppressed and Nonmanifold to turn off the display of all definitions EXCEPT free edge (red line).
9.
Notice a red circular line indicating free edge. Since there is no hole existing, it indicates a problem with
redundant surface.
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10. From the toolbar, click the Shaded Geometry & Surface edges icon
to shade surfaces.
16. Check Shared, Suppressed and Non-manifold to turn on the display of all definitions.
2.
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3.
4.
Click the points panel right next to replace points:. The function is activated.
5.
Click points and click the fixed point B as shown in the image below
6.
Click retain and click the fixed point A as shown in the image below.
Notice the two fixed points are now merged. Point B is moved to point A.
7.
Repeat steps 5 and 6 to merge point C and point D by moving point D to the location of point C.
2.
3.
4.
Notice the fixed point is released and some free edges are generated.
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5.
2.
Click line under moved edge : and select the line shown as B in the image.
3.
Click line under retained edge : and select the line shown as A in the image.
4.
5.
Click replace. Notice the gap is closed and a new share edge is generated.
Step 17: Toggle the remaining red edges into shared edges and un-suppress two
blue edges
You are still in the edit surface edges panel.
1.
2.
With a blue halo surrounding the edge button, click the two free edges as indicated in the image below.
3.
Notice the two red free edges are now converted into shared edges.
4.
Press the t key and input thetax = 145.968, thetay = -79.495 and thetaz = 30.150.
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5.
6.
7.
With the edge button activated, right-click the two suppressed edges to change them to green shared
edges.
2.
3.
Click save.
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HF-0300: Automeshing
In this tutorial, you are introduced to the meshing capabilities provided in HyperForm.
Several meshing tools are available:
BatchMesher
AutoMesh
R-Mesh (available in Radioss One Step, Incremental_LsDyna and Incremental_Radioss user profiles)
B-Mesh (only available in the Incremental_Radioss and Incremental_LsDyna user profiles)
The BatchMesher is an external tool that can perform geometry feature recognition, cleanup and automatic
meshing (in batch mode) for given CAD files without user interaction. Detail of the BatchMesher will not be
discussed in this tutorial. Refer to the HyperWorks online help for more information about BatchMesher. In
this tutorial, you will be introduced to the three meshing modules: AutoMesh, R-Mesh and B-Mesh.
In HyperForm, most of the element creation panels use the AutoMesh module, which supplies as much
automated assistance as possible. AutoMesh allow you to adjust mesh interactively with a wide variety of
parameters and choose from a suite of algorithms. You can interactively control the number of elements on
each edge or side and you can immediately determine the nodes that are used to create the mesh. You can
adjust the node biasing on each edge to force more elements to be created near one end than near the other,
which allows you to see immediately the locations of the new nodes. The new elements can be specified as
quads, trias, or mixed and can be first or second order elements. The created mesh can be previewed, which
allows you to evaluate it for element quality before choosing to store it in the HyperMesh database. While
you are in the meshing module, you can use any of viewing tools on the visual options menu to simplify the
visualization of complex structures in your model. You can also re-mesh existing meshing interactively or
automatically on surfaces or groups of elements. You will learn to use a variety of AutoMesh features later in
this tutorial.
R-Mesh (Rigid tool surface mesh) allows you to quickly mesh a rigid tool surface by specifying the max
length of element, minimum length of element, chordal deviation, and fillet angle.
B-Mesh (Blank surface mesh) allows you to quickly mesh a blank component. You can specify an average
edge length and mesh selected surfaces. B-mesh is discussed in incremental analysis tutorials.
Tools
The tools in this tutorial can be found in the Radioss One Step user profile.
Midsurface
The Midsurface panel allows you to extract the midsurface representation of a solid part.
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AutoMesh
The AutoMesh panel allows you to create meshes or re-mesh existing meshing.
R-mesh macro
Rapidly generates a quad/tria shell mesh ideal for representing rigid tool surfaces.
2.
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3.
Click Open.
From the visualization toolbar, select the Geometry Color Mode icon
Notice the color of the model is changed and topology definitions are displayed on screen.
2.
The model is a pre-cleanup geometric model with thickness. In reality, it is common to have CAD data
with thickness. You will learn how to extract midsurface in the next steps.
3.
4.
Verify that the auto midsurface subpanel is selected. The default toggle is set to closed solid.
5.
6.
Input max thickness ratio = 2.0 and toggle extract by component to cross components.
7.
Click return to exit the extraction options panel and return to the Midsurface panel.
8.
9.
Click extract.
Midsurface extraction takes about one to four minutes depending on system performance. Notice that
once the operation is finished, a new component named Middle Surface is created that contains the
extracted midsurface. By default, HyperForm applies the transparent view to the generated midsurface.
Using the Model Browser, expand the Components folder and hide all geometry EXCEPT Middle
Surface.
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2.
Right-click on automesh. In the menu that appears, select Make Current. This sets the automesh
component as default working component.
3.
From the File menu, select Save As... and enter the file name as automesh_ready.hf.
4.
Click Save.
2.
3.
4.
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5.
Click mesh.
Notice a mesh is displayed in the graphics area. You have entered the automeshing secondary panel
(inactive mesh module), which allows you to manually adjust mesh before it is finalized.
6.
With the density subpanel selected and the adjust: edge option activated, move the mouse cursor onto
any edge density number in the graphics area, and left-click to increase edge density.
7.
After the edge density number is modified, click mesh again to preview the modified mesh.
Refer to the following images:
Notes:
adjust: edge allows you to interactively increase/decrease mesh edge density by right/left-click.
calculate: edge allows you to interactively modify individual edge or all edges based on desired element
size.
set: allows you to interactively modify individual edges or all edges based on a specified value.
8.
9.
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Notice all the element type symbols are changed to tria. Refer to the image below.
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2.
Browse to select the previously saved automesh_ready.hf file and click Open.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
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Note: It is recommended that you follow these guidelines for better accuracy:
Warpage should be less than 25
Chordal Deviation should be small. 0.9 is a good threshold value to start with.
Larger Jacobian values are better. Eliminate negative Jacobian values to prevent solver crashes. 0.4
is a good threshold value.
Chordal Deviation should be selected, with a small value (0.9)
8.
9.
You are still in the QI optimize subpanel. Uncheck smooth across common edges with.
This step disables the smoothing operation of mesh across minor changes in surface angles.
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2.
3.
4.
Select the edge deviation subpanel and set the following options:
min elem size = 0.5
max elem size = 15.0
max deviation = 0.1 (Defines the maximum allowable distance between an edge of the surface
being meshed and an element edge)
max angle = 15.0 (Defines the maximum allowable angle between two element edges).
mesh type = mixed
first order toggle is set
5.
6.
Click mesh.
7.
8.
Graphically review the mesh. Notice large element size occurs at planar surfaces and smaller element
size is applied to capture curved surfaces.
9.
Click File > Save As... and enter the file name as automesh_edge_deviation.hf.
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2.
3.
4.
The fillet angle field is used to specify a maximum angle across which elements can be
maintained. If at any time two adjacent elements normals would exceed this angle, HyperForm
creates a new set of nodes between them to maintain clean feature lines. Using a higher value
would result in nodes spanning along the feature line.
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5.
Click Mesh
6.
7.
Click proceed.
8.
9.
From the File menu, select Save As... and enter the file name as automesh_R_mesh.hf.
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Check refine and click select. Notice that a set of elements are highlighted.
7.
Input element size = 1.0 and make sure break connectivity is selected.
Also verify that all the settings are as shown in the image below:
8.
Click mesh to refine a local region and click return. Review the result as shown in the image below.
You are still in the mesh panel.
In the next few procedures, you will rebuild the meshs transitional region by re-meshing elements with
applied anchor nodes.
9.
Click elems and graphically select elements as shown in remesh region in the image below.
10. Click nodes and graphically select nodes as shown in anchor nodes in the image below.
11. Toggle break connectivity back to keep connectivity.
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12. Click mesh and click return. Notice the mesh transition is re-built as shown in the image below.
2.
3.
Click select.
4.
Input tolerance = 0.2. (This specifies the minimum coordinate distance between two nodes.)
5.
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6.
7.
8.
9.
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Tools
The tutorial uses the Element Quality Report module and the following menu options:
Mesh > Check pull-down menu:
o
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2.
3.
Click Open.
2.
3.
4.
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Click Check.
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5.
Length <0.1
2.
Ensure the comps button is highlighted and graphically pick any element to select the component.
3.
4.
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5.
Using the Model Browser, expand the Component folder and uncheck all geometry except the
^edges component.
You should see only the red lines for the free mesh boundary. In the next step, you will find elements
attached to the ^edges elements to visually verify this.
6.
7.
Click Shift + F5 to open the Find Attached Entities panel. Select the find attached subpanel.
8.
9.
Click find. Repeat steps 8 and 9 again to find 2 layers of elements attached to the edge elements.
Note:
Two layers of elements attached to ^edges elements are displayed back on screen. You can
click Find Attached more times to find more layers of elements. Any missing holes or elements
can be indication of connectivity problems. This method can be used to localize the
disconnecting areas.
10. In the Model Browser, right-click on the Component folder and select Hide to turn off the display of all
components.
11. Right-click again and select Show to display all components back on screen.
12. Click return to go back to the main menu.
13. In the Model Browser, right-click on the ^edges component and select Delete.
14. Click Yes to confirm the action.
From the toolbar, click the Shaded Elements and Mesh Lines
.
2.
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region and randomly rotate the model for reviewing. Notice two shaded areas as indicated in the image
below. Those areas are indications of elements with poor quality. (You can also use the User Views
icon and retrieve the saved views view1 and view2 view to review them.)
Shaded areas
3.
From the toolbar, click the Shaded Elements and Feature Lines
Elements and Mesh Lines
4.
Visually review the two areas again with the mesh line displayed. Notice the mesh quality problem.
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1.
2.
3.
Select the split subpanel and change the selector from displayed elems to elems.
4.
With elems activated, graphically select the element as indicated in the image below.
5.
Under Splitting line:, click points to draw a line passing through two nodes (two black circles in the
image) of the selected element. Refer to the image below.
6.
2.
With 2-d selected, click duplicates to check if there are any duplicated elements.
Notice that the message bar displays "0 duplicate elements were found". If any duplicate element is
identified, it will be highlighted.
3.
Click length.
Notice the minimum length is larger than 0.0 from the message bar. Any element with length equal to or
less than 0.0 must be fixed.
4.
Click jacobian.
Notice the minimum length is larger than 0.0 from the message bar. Any element with Jacobian value
equal to or less than 0.0 must be fixed.
5.
6.
Click the warpage button. Notice that the message bar displays "25 of 4668 (1%) failed. The maximum
warpage is 176.01."
7.
Click the save failed button to store the failed elements (warpage > 30.0) into a user mark.
Notice message bar displays "The highlighted elements have been placed in the user mark".
8.
9.
In the Model Browser, right-click on the Component folder and select Hide.
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11. Open the find entities subpanel. Click elems and select retrieve to retrieve elements from the user
mark.
Notice the message bar displays "25 elements added by retrieve. Total selected 25".
12. Click find to display the 25 elements on the screen.
Elements with warpage >30.0 are displayed on the screen.
13. Press the F key to fit the model to the screen.
14. Click return to close the panel.
2.
In the plate elements subpanel, click the selector to change from split all sides to divide quads.
3.
4.
Click split. The displayed quad elements are divided into trias elements.
5.
In the Model Browser, right-click on the Component folder and select Show.
2.
Under pg1 (page 1), uncheck max size, aspect ratio and skew.
3.
4.
Click
5.
Notice elements with color on screen indicate they fail to satisfy the activated quality check.
Quality Index function allows element's quality to be improved by node optimize method and element
optimize method.
-
For node optimize method, click node optimize and select a node on the screen. HyperForm
repositions the node on the inferred surface to obtain the best possible quality for all elements
attached to that node.
For element optimize method, click element optimize and select an element on the screen. The
locations of all its nodes move on the inferred surface to obtain the best possible quality for that
element and its neighbors.
7.
Click node optimize and graphically pick the node as indicated in the image below.
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Notice the selected node is relocated and element quality is improved. The associated element is also
changed to transparent mode.
8.
Click return.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click Check.
6.
7.
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Tools
The tools used in this tutorial can be found in the Radioss One Step user profile.
Autotipping
Allows you to set the user defined stamping direction for the part. It can also help you to tip (orient) the
part in the formable position along the user defined stamping direction.
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2.
3.
Click Open.
2.
3.
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In One-Step analysis, minor undercut problems occurring at non-critical areas are unavoidable and
acceptable. When significant undercut is detected, Local bending/Unbending in the Advanced panel
is automatically disabled for better result accuracy.
In this exercise, the undercut problem is not severe and therefore you will leave the model as it is.
4.
Click return.
2.
3.
Verify the entity selector is set to comps and select the mesh component.
4.
Verify the toggle is set to full model and keep the rest of the options as default.
5.
6.
Click autotip.
This action will tilt the part by an angle calculated by HyperForm to avoid the die lock situation during
forming. The default tipping direction would be +Z. Click F to fit the model to the screen if the display is
not desirable.
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2.
3.
Click on any 3 nodes as shown below along the tail of the part and click on set.
4.
5.
Verify the entity selector is set to comps and select the mesh component.
6.
Verify the toggle is set to full model and keep the rest of the options as default.
7.
8.
Click autotip.
Note: Similarly the tool tipping can performed as per the user specific requirements.
N1 N2 N3 node selections
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Tools
This tutorial uses the following panels available in the Radioss One Step user profile:
Remove Holes panel
Mesh panel
Component panel
Constraints panel
Blankholder panel
Blank Shape panel
Formability panel
The model comes in clean after importing. There are no free edges for this model. All of the edges are
stitched. However, there are many small surfaces in the part. You will minimize the number of surfaces in the
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following steps.
2.
3.
4.
2.
3.
Click Save.
This saves the file as a database file, in the current working directory. The Save asoption can be used
to save the file at the desired location.
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2.
For the components lvl1 and lvl7, click on the colored box to select a color of your choice.
Notice the color of the components has changed.
2.
3.
Click suppress.
This suppresses all of the internal edges that are shared by the surfaces and converts the model into one
big surface.
Stay in the same panel for the next step.
Click lines again, and select the suppressed lines as shown in the image below.
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2.
Click unsuppress.
The selected blue lines become green lines to define the corner of the fillets. (Green lines can be noticed
when toggled to By Topo.) Later when you are meshing, node seeding can be generated along the green
lines for better mesh quality control.
3.
Click return.
Click Geometry > Defeature. Make sure the pinholes subpanel is selected.
2.
With the yellow surfs button active, choose the flat surface.
3.
4.
5.
Click find.
6.
Notice the xP display on screen indicating a pin hole has been identified with a diameter less than 40.
7.
Click delete.
8.
Click return.
2.
Click surfs.
3.
Select displayed.
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4.
5.
Click mesh.
6.
2.
Verify that CRDQ steel is loaded under Materials in memory. If not, click >> and load CRDQ steel
under Materials in memory.
3.
Click return.
Note:
The default material for one-step solver is located at [HyperWorks installation] /hm/
scripts/hyperform/hf.mat. You can edit this file and store user-defined material data into
this library.
2.
3.
4.
If you created an FLD curve, click FLD curve and select the curve. Otherwise, leave it blank, and
HyperForm will automatically create an FLD curve.
5.
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6.
Select a color.
7.
8.
Click elems and select all elements to be defined in the part component.
9.
Click move.
Switch to shaded mode by clicking on this button from the header bar:
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click B.
6.
7.
8.
9.
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The pressure level is proportional to the area of blank under the blankholder as well as thickness. A
pressure level of 2MPa, 5MPa and 10MPa for a 1mm blank has been chosen as a reference for
Low, Medium, and High (based on practical experience). The tonnage (metric ton unit) is equivalent
to the pressure times the blankholder area normalized/scaled by the thickness (1 metric ton =
9810N).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Toggle the switch to z-axis and pick a node on the binder (flat region) for B (base node).
7.
8.
9.
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You can see the corresponding tonnage force in the tonnage= field.
11. Click return.
2.
3.
Click Save.
This saves the file in the current working directory. The Save asoption can be used to save the file at
the desired location.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
2.
3.
Press D on the keyboard and click the toggle switch to loadcols. Click on None to turn off the display of
constraints.
4.
In the Model Browser, expand Components and click on the Geometry icon
to turn off the geometry display.
5.
6.
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2.
3.
4.
Click return.
2.
3.
4.
Pick a point on the curve (which represents a corresponding element on the model) or pick an element
on the model. The corresponding major (y) and minor (x) strain are displayed in the header bar.
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Tools
This tutorial uses the following panels, which are available in the Radioss One Step user profile:
Blankholder panel
Blank Shape panel
Formability panel
2.
3.
Click Open.
2.
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3.
4.
Click update.
5.
Click return.
6.
7.
8.
Click Save.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click return.
2.
3.
Note:
4.
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Pick a point on the curve (which represents a corresponding element on the model) or pick an
element on the model. The corresponding major (y) and minor (x) strain are displayed in the
header bar. The corresponding element ID is also displayed in the Formability panel.
Click return.
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Click Contour.
3.
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This tutorial uses the Drawbeads panel, Run Analysis macro, and the Circle Grid panel.
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2.
3.
Click Open.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
With the halo surrounding node list, pick two nodes on the blank as indicated in the image below to
define the drawbeads.
7.
Click create.
Notice a message shows "The drawbead set has been created". A line is created representing
drawbeads.
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1.
2.
Click material: and select the current blank material (CRDQ steel).
3.
Verify that the drawbead height, shoulder radius, and drawbead radius are set to 6.25.
4.
Click calculate. Notice output restraint force, closure force and necking result are calculated
accordingly.
5.
6.
Click update.
7.
Click return.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Click return.
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2.
3.
2.
3.
4.
Click return.
2.
3.
4.
Select Deformed Circle to show the final deformed status of the blank.
5.
Set the switch to cir & dir, cir only, or dir only to show the circles and/or major and minor deformed
direction.
6.
Click draw.
The circle grid is displayed. If you change the display method, click draw again to refresh the screen.
7.
8.
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2.
3.
Select 1- to view the text in graphics area. Scroll down toward the bottom. The estimated press tonnage
output can be seen as shown in the figure below.
4.
When finished, click Close to close the report, and click return to close the panel.
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Step 1: Load the model file and change the model orientation
1.
2.
3.
Click Open.
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The structure part (bumper_car_coordinates.hf) is not oriented with respect to the stamping
direction (z-axis). Prior to running the forming simulation and transferring the forming to the part in a
crash simulation, it must be re-oriented with respect to the z-axis. Refer to the image below.
2.
3.
4.
Click select.
5.
6.
7.
Click autotip.
8.
Click the F key on the keyboard to fit the model to the screen.
9.
2.
3.
Click the green check undercut button. Notice no elements get highlighted on the screen. The model
passes the undercut check and no problems are detected.
Note: A set is created when perform undercut checking. You will delete the set before solving the
problem in One-Step analysis.
4.
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5.
In the Model Browser, expand the Set folder and right-click on the hf_undercut_set set.
6.
In this step, you will request output format in LS-DYNA and Nastran solver formats for forming analysis.
This allows HyperForm to write out a results file that can be directly used to initialize a structural
analysis model. The names for the output files are:
[filename]_thk.nas and [filename]_dyna.k corresponding to Nastran and LS-DYNA
solvers, respectively.
[filename]_thk.nas contains the mesh data along with the nodal thickness.
[filename]_dyna.k contains the mesh and the nodal thickness, followed by the stress tensor
and plastic strain at each integration point within an element.
2.
3.
Click Radioss/Dyna/Nastran output. This option will take you to another panel.
4.
Toggle the option to w/o stress (zero stress will be written to the dynain file).
5.
Click comps.
6.
7.
Click select.
8.
2.
2.
3.
4.
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Step 7: Delete the current session and load the resultant DYNAIN file with the
forming result
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Click Import to import the file and Close to close the dialog.
The output file bumper_car_co_ordinates_complete_dyna.k has the identical format as the LSDYNA DYNAIN file. During the import of the *_dyna.k (dynain) file, only the node and element
definitions are read into HyperForm. The initial stress and plastic strain quantities are automatically
placed into a new file with an .hmx extension (i.e. filename_dyna.k.hmx) and HyperForm
automatically activates an INCLUDE control card to retain the information. More detail regarding DYNAIN
file will be discussed in HyperForm incremental analysis.
Notice the warning message "No renumbering or rotation is allowed. Stress and strain history will get
written to a .hmx file. Continue?"
10. Click Yes.
If the *_dyna.k (dynain) file contains stress quantities, no rotations of the component are allowed. The
stress tensors are written with respect to a global coordinate system, and would require a suitable
transformation. In this exercise, because the file contains zero stress, rotations of the component are
allowed.
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In this step, you need to orient the model *_dyna.k file (dynain file) which has the information from the
One-Step forming run, back to the car co-ordinate system model for crash analysis. You will first import the
original bumper_car_coordinates.hf and re-position forming result in z-axis (*_dyna.k (dynain) file )
back to the original vehicle coordinate.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click Import.
6.
Click the F key on the keyboard to fit the model to the screen.
7.
8.
9.
Click comps.
. In the file browser dialog, switch the Files of Type field to All Files.
10. Check the 1 component (import from *_dyna.k file) and click select.
11. Click from: N1, N2, and N3 and select three nodes on the part in forming coordinates (part in gray color)
as shown below.
12. Click To: N1, N2, and N3 and select three nodes on the part in car coordinates (part in blue color) as
shown below.
Note:
The locations and selection sequence of N1, N2 and N3 nodes in "from" will need to exactly
match the corresponding N1, N2 and N3 nodes in "To". This ensures the transformation
(consisting of translations and rotations) that maps the differences between the two sets of
nodes is applied to the selected entities until they are relocated.
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13. Click position to reorient the stamped part back to car coordinate position.
Notice two models are overlapped with each other.
14. Click F2 and jump to the Delete panel.
15. Change the selector to comps.
16. Click comps again and select the bump_car_co-ord component.
17. Click select.
18. Click delete entity. The original part in vehicle is deleted.
19. Click return twice to go back to the main menu.
2.
3.
4.
Step 10: Review the LS-DYNA input file and the *.hmx file
1.
120
Open any text editor and load the bumper_crash_input.key file for reviewing.
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Notice:
A. The dyna input file contains the thickness distribution from the One-Step analysis.
*ELEMENT_SHELL_THICKNESS
$
EID
PID
N1
N2
N3
N4
13
12
21
23
14
1.00013
14
1.00026
21
1.00026
15
22
1.0004
24
1.00045
14
1.00036
23
1.0004
1.00036
23
1.00038
25
1.0004
16
1.00073
1.00097
D. Forming related control cards need to be deleted/modified accordingly before running the crash
analysis
*CONTROL_SHELL
*CONTROL_HOURGLASS
*CONTROL_BULK_VISCOSITY
*CONTROL_CONTACT
*CONTROL_PARALLEL
*CONTROL_ENERGY
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*CONTROL_ACCURACY
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Tools
This tutorial uses the following panels:
FLD Curves panel
Component panel
Save panel
Run panel
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2.
3.
Click Open.
2.
3.
On the left-hand side of the panel, under Curves in file, the name of the curve (FLD Curve) should
appear.
4.
Click
Click Mesh > Organize > Elements > To Component and select the collectors subpanel.
2.
3.
Draw a window on the graphics area to include the top half of the elements of the entire model. Refer to
the image below.
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4.
Click select entities. Notice the elements within the window are highlighted.
5.
6.
Click move. All selected elements are moved and stored in the comp1 component.
7.
Repeat steps 1-6 and relocate lower elements into the comp2 component.
8.
Click return.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click update.
Notice the message bar shows "The component has been updated." You have associated the comp1
component with the CRDQ steel material and a thickness of 1.0.
6.
Repeat steps 1- 5 and re-associate the comp2 component as shown in the table below:
Component 1
Component 2
Name : comp1
Name : comp2
Material : Steel 1
Thickness : 1.0
Thickness : 2.0
Note:
comp1 is assigned the Default_FLC curve (blank) and comp2 is assigned the user defined FLD
curve
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7.
Click return.
2.
Browse for a user defined location and name the file as laser_weld_complete.hf.and click Save.
3.
4.
5.
6.
From the Utility Menu, under Results, use all the functionalities for reviewing results.
7.
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2.
3.
Click Open.
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2.
Browse for a user defined location and name the file as part_blanktrimline_complete.hf.and
click Save.
3.
4.
5.
6.
From the main panel area, select the Line Mapping panel and the part to blank subpanel.
2.
Click line and select the line on the final part shape as shown in the figure.
Note:
This line is the one that will be mapped on to the flat blank.
3.
4.
Click initial to display the original points with respect to the undeformed blank.
5.
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Note:
Exercise 2: Map the trim line from the final part to the
intermediate part
This exercise uses the model file part_parttrimline.hf
The purpose of the part-to-part line mapping is to allow you to map a line (or node list) between a final part
and an intermediate part. This method can be useful for predicting where a part should be trimmed prior to a
flanging operation.
For example, if you have a part that is made using three operations (1st draw, trim, and 2nd draw), and you
want to predict where the flange line should be trimmed prior to the 2nd draw, you can use the line mapping
(part to part) feature. To do this, you will need to model the part shape at the end of the 1st draw
(intermediate shape) and at the end of the 2nd draw (final shape). Both of these parts should be modeled in
the same HyperForm file. After performing the 1Step analysis and loading the results file, the line mapping
function can be used. The flange line should be defined on the final shape and trim part elements should
belong to the intermediate part.
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2.
3.
Click Open.
2.
You have two components that represent the intermediate and the final part.
(optional) Click the letter D to open the Display panel. Change the entity selection to loadcols to see
how the parts have been constrained.
Note:
This prevents the parts from moving with respect to each other.
2.
Browse for a user defined location and name the file part_parttrimline_complete.hf.and click
Save.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click return.
From the main panel area, select the Line Mapping panel and select the part to part option.
2.
Pick the nodes or line you want to map as your flange line.
You can select the line in the ^feature component.
3.
4.
5.
Click map.
Notice a mapped line is generated and stored in the ^Mapping_line component.
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Incremental Analysis
The following tutorials are available:
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Tools
The table below lists the tools used in Incremental_Radioss and Incremental_LsDyna analysis:
Tool
Function
Sections panel
Materials panel
Components panel
Loadcols panel
Curves panel
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Contacts panel
Penetration panel
Advanced panel
Allows you to automatically create the input file and interactively submit
the job for a Radioss/Ls-Dyna analysis. A summary sheet can be invoked
which will show a brief overview of the input data. A preview animation of
the tool motion is possible from this panel. An option to write out a sta/
dynain file with the mesh and adaptivity data as well as thickness,
stresses and plastic strain can be toggled from this panel.
Auto Process
Multi-stage Manager
HyperMorph
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HyperStudy
Process Manager
This section introduces the HyperForm Incremental Interface for setting up an incremental metalforming
analysis using Radioss / Dyna.
The HyperForm Incremental_Radioss user profile provides a customized interface to set up an incremental
metal forming analysis using RADIOSS,and the Incremental_LsDyna profile provides a customized interface
to set up an incremental metal forming analysis using LS-DYNA.
You can accurately model forming processes. Instead of modeling just the final part shape, as in One-Step
metal forming analysis, this uses a more rigorous modeling approach. As the name implies, small solution
steps or increments are taken to solve the problem. In this way, the incremental method allows you to
accurately model important metal forming processes (for example: binderwrap, single or multi-stage forming,
trimming, and springback). Solving a problem incrementally allows you to detect the stage at which the
process defects (for example: wrinkles, thinning or tears) occur in the blank. You can then take corrective
action to eliminate these defects by modifying the process in various ways (for example: changing tool loads,
tool motion, or tool shape). The Incremental method allows you to represent all tool surfaces, prescribe the
tool motions, apply tool loads, define material properties of the blank, and model the contact interaction
between the tools and the blank.
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Incremental_Radioss panel
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Application
All the incremental macros are located on the Radioss & Dyna page of the macro area (lower-right-hand side
of the HyperForm window). These macros allow you to more easily setup different application types, such
as:
Form 1st forming operation setup
Multi 2nd or nth forming operation setup
Trim Trimming operation setup
Coarse Coarsening of blank mesh setup
Sprbk Springback setup
Grav Gravity setup
Bend Tube bending setup
Hydro Hydro forming operation setup
Blank Optimizer Generate a new blank shape based on the applied deviation represented by a
reference trim line
Model
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Macro panels are used to load model, remove holes and mesh tool (R-Mesh) and blank (B-Mesh)
Setup
The setup process will change according to the application type chosen. The sequence of tasks starts from
the top and guides you through each step included in the specific application type. Further explanation of
each application type will be provided in later chapters
Results
Allows users to generate a report in selected types and styles. Advance report can allow user to interactively
zoom in, animate, rotate and contour plot a model in Microsoft PowerPoint.
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The first step is to select the analysis type, and specify the essential input parameters for the
analysis in the fields that are available in the dialog. The blank and tools of the forming process
have fields to fill in the different values for each of these. After you have provided the required
data, you can click the Auto Position button to automatically adjust the position of the tools.
The Apply button saves the current tool and blank settings, generate load curves and create the
input files for Radioss solver. After the process is defined, you can verify that the tool motion is
correctly defined by reviewing animation control.
Details
This tutorial assumes that you are familiar with basic HyperMesh functionality such as geometry cleanup,
meshing, and mesh editing. If you need help on these topics, please refer to the corresponding HyperMesh
tutorials in the online help.
This tutorial includes the following exercises:
Exercise 1: Set Up the Model for an Incremental Analysis
Exercise 2: Review Process Setup Details
Exercise 3: Run the Analysis
Tools
This tutorial uses the Auto Process macro, which is available in the Incremental_Radioss and
Incremental_LsDyna user profiles. This macro appears in the Tools menu.
Note:
You can choose to set up the simulation either in Radioss or Dyna. However you should not switch
between Radioss and Dyna in the middle of the set up.
To setup an analysis for Dyna, the methodology is similar to the one described below. You will
need to use the Incremental_LsDyna user profile.
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2.
3.
Click Open.
The Autoprocess macro with the default settings is displayed, as shown below.
Note:
The current forming process type is set to Double Action Draw, which is the default. This setting can
be changed according to your needs inside the macro.
Components are recognized if the names are identical (or have common letters) to the tool
nomenclature in the macro. (Blank, Die, Punch and Binder).
The colors of the components are picked up by the schematic of Single Action Draw inside of Auto
Process.
Parts that are not recognized appear with dashed lines within the Auto Process image.
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Check to ensure that the Process field is set to Single Action Draw.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Verify that the file type in the Source column next to Blank1, Die, Punch and Binder is HF. (You have
two options: HF and Geometry file. For Blank1, in addition, you have the STATE file. )
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7.
8.
9.
In the warning dialog that appears, click Proceed and then click Apply to use the tool travel values
calculated by the utility.
To use values that are user-defined, click Cancel. Click on the tool names under the Name column to
activate the column headings for the selected tool and enter the desired values in the travel fields. Click
Apply.
2.
Define material and thickness for the blank with the following:
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4.
Note that:
Travel distances are calculated and the respective boxes are populated accordingly.
All tools are moved to appropriate locations so that they just touch the blank, as shown in the image
below.
Note:
In order to use your own values for tool travel and velocity, simply edit the values in the respective
boxes and click the Apply button without clicking Autoposition.
Travel 1: The distance the die travels towards the binder (mm)
Velocity 1: The velocity at which the die travels towards the binder. The suggested velocity is 4000
mm/s.
Travel 2: The distance the die travels towards the punch (mm). Enter 70.0.
Velocity 2: The velocity at which the die travels towards the punch. The suggested velocity is 10000
mm/s.
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Clearance: The distance between the punch and the blank at the initial configuration. Leave it set
at 0.0.
Select the type as Force, and in the Force field, type 100000.
148
Click on the Blank1 line again. Click on the open folder icon
database, as shown below:
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2.
3.
(Optional) Use any text editor to open and review CRDQ material data in the library.
<HyperWorks>\hm\scripts\hyperform\automation\materialdb\materials\steel\CRD
Q.rad
#RADIOSS STARTER
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##==================================================================
##
## Radioss Input Deck Generated by HyperMesh Version
: 10.0
Time: 17:56:28
##
##==================================================================
/BEGIN
CRDQ.rad
51
##
##
/UNIT/MASS/1.0
/UNIT/LENGTH/1.0
/UNIT/TIME/1.0
##-----------------------------------------------------------------## Material Law No 43 HILL ORTHOTROPIC (Plasticity defined by a user function)
##-----------------------------------------------------------------/MAT/HILL_TAB/1
CRDQ
7.80000000000000E-09
210000.0
0.3
1.6
1.6
1.6
0.0
1
##-----------------------------------------------------------------## Functions
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##-----------------------------------------------------------------##HWCOLOR curves 1 11
/FUNCT/1
crdq_stress_strain
0.0
185.0
0.05
293.188135
0.1
339.127251
4.
Within the Auto Process macro, next to Draw beads:, select Yes, which will create the Draw Beads
row in the table.
2.
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Function
In the drop-down menu, select Both to display both the drawbeads and lines
in the model representation, Drawbeads to display only the drawbeads in the
model representation, or Lines to display only the lines in the model
representation.
Create a drawbead by clicking points to define the line. When the points are
in place, right-click to set the line and create a corresponding drawbead
based on the line.
Click to add a drawbead to the table. Then complete the fields for the row in
the table to define the drawbead.
Click lines to select them. Lines appear as blue dashes. When they are
selected, they become yellow.
Click to add a drawbead for each line.
Click to delete the active drawbead from the table. The active drawbead in the
table has a gray arrow next to it.
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Zoom feature. Click once to fit the model in the window. Click and drag to
draw a rectangle to zoom in on that selection area.
Click and drag to move the viewing area when the model is zoomed in.
4.
5.
Graphically draw a blue line on simplified graphical representation of the model in the top area of the
Drawbeads Editor, as shown below.
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6.
After selecting the points, click the create button to complete the first line. Notice the color is changed
to yellow and the drawbead table displayed.
7.
Repeat the same steps to create DB2 and DB3 as shown below.
8.
Click on the space left next to DB1. Notice the corresponding drawbead line is changed from green to
yellow in graphics region.
9.
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In the Model Browser, expand the Component folder. You will find three components: ^db_line
for DB1, ^db_line for Db2 and ^db_line for DB3. These components are generated
automatically, and correspond to the three drawbeads.
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1.
Click
2.
4.
In the die attribute tree, review the Velocity Curve as shown in the image below.
5.
The curve is displayed on the right hand side and the values are editable. Click the Preview button to
preview the new curve after editing and then click on the Apply button to accept the new curve.
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6.
7.
8.
9.
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next to Animation:.
2.
When the Save as window appears, save the file name as forming_autoprocess_complete.
Note: This will write out a D00 and D01 file and launch the Radioss solver.
3.
4.
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Click on
and browse the directories to find the file:
<installation_directory>\tutorials\mfs\hf\incremental\forming_autoprocess.
hf.
2.
2.
3.
Double click on Animation: Count and change the Count: value to 15.
4.
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5.
6.
7.
Under the Tools header, right click on Sheet, select Switch type and select Blank as shown in figure
below. This will make the sheet component appear below Blanks in the User Process tab.
2.
Under the Blanks heading, right-click on Material and select Database. The Material Database
dialog will display.
3.
Notes:
You can maintain a custom material database. To do so, create the data in Radioss keyword format and
copy it to:
<HyperWorks>\hm\scripts\hyperform\automation\materialdb\materials\steel
To define a user material library for incremental runs, define the following cards:
/BEGIN, /UNIT, /MAT, /FUNCT and /END
(Optional) Use any text editor to open and review CRDQ material data in the library.
<HyperWorks>\hm\scripts\hyperform\automation\materialdb\materials\steel\CRD
Q.rad
#RADIOSS STARTER
##
## Radioss Input Deck Generated by HyperMesh Version
: 8.0SR1
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## Date: 08-07-2007
Time: 17:56:28
##
##==================================================================
/BEGIN
CRDQ.rad
51
##
##
/UNIT/MASS/1.0
/UNIT/LENGTH/1.0
/UNIT/TIME/1.0
##-----------------------------------------------------------------## Material Law No 43 HILL ORTHOTROPIC (Plasticity defined by a user function)
##-----------------------------------------------------------------/MAT/HILL_TAB/1
CRDQ
7.80000000000000E-09
210000.0
0.3
1.6
1.6
1.6
0.0
1
##-----------------------------------------------------------------## Functions
##-----------------------------------------------------------------##HWCOLOR curves 1 11
/FUNCT/1
crdq_stress_strain
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0.0
185.0
0.05
293.188135
0.1
339.127251
Note:
4.
An easy way to create your own material would be to substitute your data into an existing
material and save it under a new name
In the User Process tab, double click on Thickness: 1.0 and change the value to 1.5.
Use the switch option to ensure this component is set as tool type.
2.
Under the component Top, right-click Contacts, select New Contact and sheet as shown in figure
below. This will create a contact between the blank and the tool named Top.
3.
Right click on the Position and select Above as shown in the figure below:
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4.
5.
6.
Right click on Mating Part and select Binder as shown in the figure below.
7.
Right click on Loads: and select New Motion. Double click on Motion: Motion1 to make it editable.
Rename it as Punch_Motion2.
8.
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10. Select options as shown below in the Details tab of Properties dialog and click OK.
11. Right-click on the component name Binder and make sure that Switch type is set as Tool.
12. Under the component Binder, right-click Contacts and select New Contact and select sheet. This will
create a contact between the blank and the Binder.
13. Right click on Position and select Below.
14. Right click on Loads: and select New Motion. Double click on Motion: Motion1 to make it editable.
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Rename it as Binder_Motion.
15. Right click on Binder_Motion and select Properties.
16. Select options as shown below in the Details tab of Properties dialog that pops up and click OK.
17. Right-click on the component name Punch and make sure that the Switch type is set to Tool.
18. Under the component Punch, right-click Contacts and select New Contact and select sheet. This will
create a contact between the blank and the Punch component.
19. Right-click on Position and select Below.
From the User Process tab, right-click on Drawbeads and select Edit Drawbeads....
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Function
In the drop-down menu, select Both to display both the drawbeads and lines
in the model representation, Drawbeads to display only the drawbeads in
the model representation, or Lines to display only the lines in the model
representation.
Create a drawbead by clicking points to define the line. When the points are
in place, click Create to set the line and create a corresponding drawbead
based on the line.
Click to add a drawbead to the table. Then complete the fields for the row in
the table to define the drawbead.
Click lines to select them. Lines appear as blue dashes. When they are
selected, they become yellow.
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Zoom feature. Click once to fit the model in the window. Click and drag to
draw a rectangle to zoom in on that selection area.
Click and drag to move the viewing area when the model is zoomed in.
2.
3.
Graphically draw a blue line on simplified graphical representation of the model in the top area of the
Drawbeads Editor, as shown below.
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4.
After selecting the points, click the create button to complete the first line. Notice the color is changed
to yellow and the drawbead table is displayed.
5.
6.
Click on the space left of DB1 under the Name column. Notice that an arrow appears and the
corresponding drawbead line is changed from green to yellow in graphics region.
7.
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8.
9.
Click Back.
Notice calculated restraining force and normal force are automatically filled in.
10. In the Drawbeads Editor, follow the same steps for DB2 and DB3 to input values for all drawbeads.
11. Click the Update button to create the force curves for the drawbeads.
12. Click the Back button to return to close the Drawbeads Editor.
Note:
In the Model Browser, expand the Components folder. You will find three components: ^db_line
for DB1, ^db_line for Db2 and ^db_line for DB3. These components are generated
automatically, and correspond to the three drawbeads.
Right click anywhere inside the red boundary and select Autoposition as shown below:
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The status of auto positioning is shown and updated at the left hand bottom corner of the window. Done
indicates that tools have been successfully positioned with respect to blank.
2.
Right click any where in the red boundary as shown in the above figure and select Create Input. This will
create a Radioss input deck which consists of 2 files:
<file name>_0000.rad and <file name>_0001.rad
3.
Under Binder, and under Loads, double-click on the Distance: field to make it editable. Enter -70 as a
new value.
4.
Right click any where in the red boundary as shown in the above figure and select Check Model. This
will check the model for any errors. This option also brings up a box which has
The Sequence tab will show the tool kinematics sequence
The Messages tab will show errors in the setup, if any.
Preview animation of the tool kinematics
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5.
Click on the Binder motion curve block to highlight the border with thick black line.
6.
Click and drag the thick black border line to change the tool motion interactively.
7.
In the figure below, the Binder motion curve block is dragged to start at a different time. Notice the
change in the end time from the original 0.00928 to 0.0105 as shown in the red box on the right hand
bottom corner in the picture below.
8.
After modifying the curve, use the Create input option as explained in step 2 to update the curves in the
input file.
9.
Right click any where in the red boundary as shown in the figure under point 1 and select Export to
export the D00 <file name>_0000.rad and <file name>_0001.radD01 file. Run will
generate <file name>_0000.rad, <file name>_0001.rad D00 D01 files and run Radioss.
10. Right click on Process and select the Save As Process option as shown below:
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Click on File and select Save As to save the existing file in the session
2.
3.
4.
5.
Browse for the file User_Process.up and double-click the file. A dialogue box appears as shown
below. Click OK to bring the process file into HyperForm session.
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Notice that the process tree gets populated as per the settings of the imported process file.
Step 2: Set up a second stamping model using the retrieved process file
The model and the retrieved process in the session look as below:
1.
2.
Right click on the component name Sheet and select Component and select Part.
3.
Right click on the component named Top and select Component and select Die.
4.
Right click on the component named Die and select Component and select Binder.
5.
Right click on the component named Punch and select Component and select Punch.
6.
Follow points 1 through 6 of step 5 from Exercise 1 to Autoposition, create input, export and run the
model.
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Step 1: Set the root directory and enable the Multi Step option
1.
In the User Process tab, right click on Process: Default Process and select MultiStep > Enable as
shown below:
2.
Right-click on Base Directory: and select set to select the directory where you want to store the results
of forming sequence.
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A new tab named Stage 1 with a default forming template appears below the User Process tab, as
shown below. The options under this tab are similar to the User Process single stage forming setup.
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Right click on Process Type: and select Gravity from the menu. This will load the gravity options in the
User Process tree.
2.
3.
4.
in the toolbar.
This will open the Auto Process function with the Gravity template loaded.
5.
In the table, in the Component column, click on the drop down arrow in the Tooling row and select Die
from the list
6.
Review the default settings. Click on Autoposition, and then click on Apply.
Notice that the set up is captured by populating the options in the User Process tree.
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9.
10. Right click on Process: multistage_double_action_draw_radioss.hf and select Load Process from the
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menu.
This will take you to a location in the installation where templates for common forming operations are
available
11. Select the file dad.up and click Open.
This populates the User Process tree with typical double action draw settings.
12. Right click on blank under Blanks and select Component > Stage 1 > Blank.
This is to tell the process to look for the blank from the previous stage.
Trim:
13. Right click on the Stages and select Add Stage.
14. Right click on Stage 3: Forming and select Activate.
15. Right click on Process type: Forming and select Trimming from the list.
16. Click on File > Import > Geometry to import the file multistage_trim_line.iges from
<install_directory>/tutorials/mfs/hf/Incr/.
17. Right click on blank under Blanks and select Component > Stage 1 > Blank.
18. Right click on Trim Lines and select Trim Outside as shown below
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Tools
The following options are used in this tutorial can be accessed from the Setup menu:
Sections panel
Materials panel
Components panel
Tool Build panel
Tool Motion panel
Tool Loads panel
Save panel
Run panel
Click on
and browse the directories to find the file
<installation_directory>\tutorials\mfs\hf\incremental\forming.hf.
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2.
Click Open.
2.
3.
4.
Click card image: and select the respective card image from the list.
Note:
5.
Click create.
6.
Click return.
2.
3.
Click card image:, and select the respective card image from the list:
Note:
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Click create.
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Step 4: Assign section and material properties for the blank component
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
By default a maximum of two levels of adaptivity are enabled and the initial value is
set to 0. If the starting element size in the blank is, for example, approximately 8
mm, the smallest element after maximum refinement will be approximately 2 mm.
The adaptive levels can be changed by using the Control Cards panel, and editing
the AdaptiveGlobalMesh card. The parameter to edit is LevelMax. Refer to the
RADIOSS Starter Manual for more detailed information.
For Dyna:
By default a maximum three levels of adaptivity are enabled. In Dyna, the initial level
is considered as level 1. If the starting element size in the blank is, for example,
approximately 8 mm, the smallest element after maximum refinement will be
approximately 2 mm. The adaptive levels can be changed by using the Control
Cards panel, and editing the Adaptive card. The parameter to edit is MAXLVL.
Refer to the Dyna manual for more detailed information.
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6.
Click update.
7.
Click return.
2.
3.
Right-click on the die component and select Show. The die component appears on the screen.
2.
Select the Build and setup tool from DIE surface subpanel.
3.
4.
Click on the yellow Elements button in the Binder Source: field. The element selector panel appears.
5.
6.
If necessary, click the switch to the N1, N2, N3 and B option. Pick four nodes on the binder for N1, N2,
N3 and B as shown below.
7.
8.
Click Build. This will extract the punch and binder surface from the die cavity.
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9.
Click Close.
Note:
Note after execution, binder and punch components are generated. The punch offset amount is set
using the blank thickness value. The punch offset is calculated to be thickness plus 20% (Default
tolerance). In this case, it is 1.1*2.0 mm = 1.2 mm.
This Tool Build macro creates blank and tool sections and tool materials. In case these are already
created, it will be updated.
It also creates 3 contacts viz between blank-die, blank-punch and blank-binder
In the Model Browser, for each component, click on the mesh icon to turn the mesh display off in the
model for all components except blank.
2.
3.
Click top.
icon.
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2.
3.
Click create.
4.
The node selector panel appears. Pick a node on the symmetric plane of the blank (right-hand edge).
5.
Click proceed.
6.
Click Close.
2.
Click iso 1.
3.
Using the Model Browser, click on the mesh icons on the components to turn their display back on.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
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Click update.
Notice timestep is changed to 4.000e-7. The following message appears: "history was updated
successfully."
Click motion.
Click update.
8.
Click return.
2.
3.
Drag the tabs all the way to the bottom as shown in red box in the image below:
4.
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5.
6.
Click return.
2.
3.
4.
Under setup option: make sure both load curve and CLOAD_Collector are checked.
5.
Click setup.
6.
Click return.
For Dyna:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click setup. The following message appears: "Tool load was set up successfully."
Note:
188
A force of 100kN is applied to the binder. A rigid body stopper limits the maximum velocity of
the binder in order to minimize inertial effects. For more information about rigid body stopper,
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Click return.
In the Model Browser, under the Groups folder, right click on binder_to_blank and select Card Edit.
2.
Drag the tabs all the way to the bottom of their respective sections.
3.
4.
5.
Click return.
2.
3.
Click Save.
2.
3.
At the end of the computation, Radioss will write out a file called "sta". This file contains all the
thickness, stress and strain information necessary to perform subsequent operations. This file is
essential for performing multi-stage setups.
Click animation.
Note:
4.
Animation feature enables you to review and correct the tool motion.
For Dyna:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Click select.
5.
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6.
At the end of the computation, Dyna will write out a file called "dynain". This file contains all the
thickness, stress and strain information necessary to perform subsequent operations. This file
can be read directly by HyperForm and is essential for performing multi-stage setups.
7.
Click return.
8.
Click animation.
Note:
9.
This animation feature enables you to review and correct the tool motion.
10. Click run. A Dyna input file named forming_complete.bdf is generated. The file can be submitted
to Dyna.
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Tools
The following options used in this tutorial can be accessed from the Setup menu:
Sections panel
Materials panel
Comps panel
Tool Build panel
Tool Motion panel
Tool Loads panel
Save panel
Run panel
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Click on
and browse the directories to find the file
<installation_directory>\tutorials\mfs\hf\incremental\bwrap_form_Radioss.hf
file for Incremental_Radioss and
<installation_directory>\tutorials\mfs\hf\incremental/bwrap_form_.hf file for
Incremental_LsDyna
2.
2.
3.
Note:
4.
Import brings the file into the current session without erasing the existing file. Load model brings
the model into the current session and will erase the existing file.
2.
3.
4.
Click card image= and select the respective card image from the list.
For Radioss, select SH_ORTH as the card image.
For Dyna, select SectShll as the card image.
5.
Click create.
6.
Click return.
2.
3.
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5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Click create.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click update.
7.
Click return.
Note:
By default, two levels of adaptivity are enabled. If the starting element size in the blank is, for
example, approximately 8 mm, the smallest element after maximum refinement will be
approximately 1 mm. The adaptive levels can be changed by using the Control Cards panel, and
editing the AdaptiveGlobalMesh card. The parameter to edit is LevelMax. Refer to the
RADIOSS Starter Manual for more detailed information.
Click on the Model tab to display the Model Browser. If it is not available, click on View and select
Model Browser to display it.
2.
3.
Click on the mesh icon as shown in the figure below to turn off the blank mesh.
4.
2.
3.
Click return.
Note:
Changing the feature angle to 2.0 will make element selection on the binder area easier.
4.
5.
Select the Build and setup tool from DIE surface subpanel.
6.
7.
In the Binder Source: field, click Elements. The element selection panel is displayed.
8.
Select one element on the binder area of the die as shown below.
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9.
Click elems and select by face option from the extended entity selection. This highlights all the
elements on the binder area of the die as shown below.
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Note:
Notice after executing the build, the binder and punch components are generated. The punch offset
amount is set using the blank thickness value. The punch offset is calculated to be thickness plus
10%. In this case, it is 1.1*1.0 mm = 1.1 mm.
The Tool Build macro creates tool sections and tool materials. If these were already created, they
are updated.
This macro also creates 3 contacts viz between Blank-Die, Blank-Punch and Blank-Binder
2.
3.
4.
The total travel of the binder is the distance the binder has to travel rest on the die holding the
blank. This value is the distance between the binder and die, minus the blank thickness and a
tolerance (typically 10-20%). This distance between the binder and die are calculated using the
Distance (F4) panel. (Try to select identical nodes on the die and binder).
Total travel - Distance Binder to Die - (Blank thickness + 20% Blank Thickness)
Total travel = 6.9 - (1.0 + 0.2) = 5.7
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
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2.
3.
Scroll all the way to the bottom of the sections as shown in red box in the image below:
4.
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5.
6.
Click return.
2.
3.
The total travel is distance the punch travels to close in on the die. This value is the distance
between the punch and the die, minus the blank thickness and a tolerance (typically 10-20%).
This distance between the punch and die are calculated using the Distance (F4) panel. (Try to
select identical nodes on the die and punch.)
Total Travel = Distance Punch to Die - (Blank thickness + 20% Blank Thickness)
Total Travel = 77.2 - (1.0 + 0.2) = 76.0
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
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In the Model Browser, under the Groups folder, right click on punch_to_blank and select Card Edit.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click return.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click setup.
6.
7.
Select the curve CLOAD_curve-binder and enter 4.450e-03 as the first entry of the X axis as shown
below:
4.450e-03
0.0
1.0
0.0
8.
Click on Update.
9.
Click on Close.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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6.
Click setup.
A force of 200kN is applied to the binder. A rigid body stopper limits the maximum velocity of the binder
in order to minimize inertial effects. This rigid body stopper is defined to be active (note birth time) only
after the prescribed motion of the binder has been killed. For more information about rigid body stopper,
refer to the FAQs in the HyperForm online help.
7.
Click return.
In the Model Browser, under the Groups folder, right click on binder_to_blank and select Card Edit.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click return.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click update.
2.
3.
Click save.
2.
Click animation.
Note: Notice the kinematics of the tool motion. This animation feature enables you to review and correct
the tool motion.
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3.
For LS-DYNA:. An LS-DYNA input file named bwrap_form1_complete.bdf is generated. The file can be
submitted to LS-DYNA for solver analysis.
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HF-3030: Drawbead
In this tutorial, you will learn:
How to apply analytical drawbeads in a simple box forming process
How to define tool motion
About birth and death time concepts in tool motion definition
How to define tool load
Tools
The following panels are used in this tutorial and can be accessed from the Setup menu:
Sections panel
Materials panel
Comps panel
Tool Build panel
Tool Motion panel
Tool Loads panel
Save panel
Run panel
HyperForm provides two methods by which to setup analytical drawbeads:
The drawbead function, from the Setup menu of the Incremental_Radioss/Incremental_LsDyna
user profiles.
The Drawbeads Editor module, from the Setup menu of the Incremental_Radioss/
Incremental_LsDyna user profiles
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Click the
icon and browse the directories to select the file
<installation_directory>\tutorials\mfs\hf\incremental\drawbeads_radioss.hf
for Incremental_Radioss and <installation_directory>\tutorials\mfs\hf\incremental\
drawbeads.hf file for Incremental_LsDyna.
2.
Click Open.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click translate +.
6.
Click return.
Note:
The binder is translated in the z-direction to account for the addition of analytical drawbeads of
height 6.0 mm.
2.
3.
4.
Click Open to select the file, then click Import to import the file.
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5.
Step 4: Display only the die component and change the visualization to wire frame
mode
1.
2.
Click on the mesh icon as shown in the figure below to turn off the mesh display for all components
except the blank mesh.
3.
2.
3.
4.
Click line and select the line for DB1 as shown in the figure below.
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5.
6.
7.
8.
Click calculate.
Notice that restraint force and closure force are automatically calculated.
9.
2.
3.
Click line and select the line for DB2 as shown in figure 1.
4.
5.
Click create.
6.
Click the field beside drawbead = and enter the name db3.
7.
8.
Click line and select the line for db3 as shown in the figure.
9.
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Three components are created for drawbeads with the names ^db_line for [user input
name]. /INTER / TYPE 8/INTER ID Radioss cards are created and stored in those
components.
For Dyna:
Three components are created for drawbeads with the names ^db_line for [user input
name]. *Contact_Drawbead_Title DYNA cards are created and stored in those
components
In the Model Browser, click on the mesh icon as shown in the figure below to turn off the blank mesh.
2.
3.
Click Iso1.
4.
In the Model Browser, right click on the Component folder and select Show.
icon.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Verify that all options (at right-hand side) are set to:
translation
velocity
linear
termination, load curve and loadcol are also checked.
6.
Click setup.
7.
8.
9.
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10. For Radioss, click Tstop field and type 0.005. For Dyna, click DEATH field and type 0.005.
This stop/death time will ensure that the prescribed motion of the binder is stopped before a force load is
applied.
11. Click return.
Stay in the Tool Motion panel for the next step.
2.
3.
Scroll all the way to the bottom of the sections as shown in red box in the image below:
4.
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5.
6.
Click return.
2.
3.
Click update.
4.
5.
Click return.
In the Model Browser, under, the Groups folder, right click on punch_to_blank and select Card Edit.
2.
3.
4.
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5.
Click return.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click setup.
6.
Click return.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click setup.
7.
8.
9.
Click return.
This ensures the rigid body stopper becomes active as soon as the prescribed motion of the binder is
killed.
In the Model Browser, under the Groups folder, right click on binder_to_blank and select Card Edit.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click return.
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2.
Use the file browser to save the file as drawbead_Radioss_complete.hf for Radioss and
drawbead_complete.hf for Dyna.
3.
Click Save.
2.
3.
Click animation
Note:
4.
Notice the kinematics of the tool motion. This animation feature enables you to review and correct
the tool motion.
For Incremental_Dyna:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Click select.
5.
6.
Click setup.
7.
Click return.
8.
Click animation.
Notice the kinematics of the tool motion.
9.
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HF-3040: Springback
During forming process, elasto-plastic stress gradients across the surface builds up and results in an
accumulation of residual stresses. The residual stresses cause the material to bounce back after forming.
The resultant deviations from the profile often require manual adjustment before the component is considered
acceptable for assembly. Components that do not fit in the final assembly usually need additional shimming
and assembly time.
In this tutorial, you will learn the setup procedure for performing a springback analysis for Radioss and
LsDyna. The part shape and stress and strain states at the end of a simple draw forming operation are the
inputs to setup. Appropriate material and section properties are assigned to the blank component. Fixture
constraints are applied to the part to eliminate rigid body modes.
In this tutorial, you will learn:
How to load an .hf model, including an additional *.hmx file
Section definition
Material definition
Setting up a springback analysis
Tools
The following options are used in this tutorial and can be accessed from the Setup menu:
Sections panel
Materials panel
Components panel
Advanced panel (for Radioss)
Sprbk Setup panel (for Dyna)
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2.
Click Open.
3.
From the View menu, select Eroded Mesh to enable a clear view with only the adapted elements
displayed.
Note:
A file containing the forming results, <filename>_STA.hmx for Radioss and dynain.hmx for
Dyna, must be included in the springback analysis.To set the Include file, first copy the file
sta_for_springback.hmx from the installation directory
\tutorials\mfs\hf\incremental to the current working directory, and then follow either of
the two methods described below.
Method 1:
1.
In the Model Browser, under Master Model, right-click on the *.sta.hmx file and select Include
File Options
The Include File Options dialog appears, showing the current path of the Include file. (The current
path points towards the installation directory \tutorials\mfs\hf\Incremental)
2.
Browse for the new path and click Set. The new path is the location of the current working directory,
where the *.sta.hmx file is saved.
Method 2:
1.
Edit the D00 file, after the complete setup, and insert the card - #include <filename>
Here <filename> is sta_for_springback.hmx
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1.
2.
3.
4.
Click card image= and select the respective card image from the list:
For Radioss, select SH_ORTH as the card image
For Dyna, select SectShll as the card image
5.
Click create.
6.
Click return.
2.
3.
Click card image: and select the respective card image from the list:
For Radioss, select HillOrthotropicTabulated as the card image
For LsDyna, select TransAnsioElasticPlastic as the card image.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Click create.
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Select a color.
7.
Click update.
8.
Click return.
2.
Click top.
Select Setup and select Advanced. Make sure you are in the springback subpanel.
For the Incremental_LsDyna user profile, from the Utility Menu, choose Sprbk and click Sprbk Setup
. Ensure that the option using dynain is set.
2.
Click constraints: nodes and select node A as shown in the figure below.
3.
4.
Click setup.
5.
Repeat the above procedures and create a total of three constraints as shown in image below.
6.
7.
Click return.
Constraint nodes are chosen to eliminate rigid body modes. Artificial stabilization is used to gradually
unload stress in the part.
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2.
3.
Click save.
2.
3.
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HF-3050: Trimming
This tutorial illustrates the setup procedure for performing a trimming operation. This example uses a simple
box form. The part shape, stress, and strain state at the end of a simple draw forming operation are the
inputs for this analysis. Appropriate material and section properties are assigned to the blank component. A
trim line is imported from a file and the trimming operation is set up.
Note:
Tools
The following options used in this tutorial can be accessed from the Setup menu. For LsDyna, the Trim
application needs to be selected.
Sections panel
Materials panel
Components panel
Advanced panel
Run Analysis panel
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2.
3.
Set the File type field to RADIOSS (Block) and browse to the file
<installation_directory>\tutorials\mfs\hf\incremental\radioss_trimming.sta
(for Radioss) and <installation_directory>\tutorials\mfs\hf\incremental/
dynain_trimming (for Dyna).
4.
Click Open to select the file, and then click Import to import the file into HyperForm.
Note:
When the STA/DYNAIN file imports, only the node and element definitions are read into
HyperForm. The adaptive constraints, initial stress and initial strain quantities are
automatically placed into a new file called Radioss_trimming.sta.hmx/dynain.hmx.
This extra information is automatically included in the new setup by use of the *INCLUDE card
for Radioss and *INCLUDE card for Dyna. The sta.hmx file and the dynain.hmx file will be
created in the working directory.
If, for some reason, you wish to change the path of the INCLUDE card, use the following
steps. Ensure that the *sta.hmx/Dynain.hmx file is copied to the changed location.
Method 1:
1.
2.
Browse for the new path and click Set. The new path is the location of the current
working directory, where the *.sta.hmx/Dynain.hmx file is saved
Method 2:
1.
For Radioss, edit the D00 file after the complete setup, and insert the card #include
<filename>. For Dyna open the BDF file and insert the card *INCLUDE
redraw_dynain.hmx.
Here <filename> is cup_draw_0001.sta.hmx/redraw_dynain.hmx
Warning: No renumbering or rotations of the imported STA component is allowed. The stress and strain
tensors are written with respect to a global coordinate system and require a suitable
transformation. Currently, HyperForm does not support transforming these stress and strain
tensors. The STA file should be imported prior to importing other tooling models to prevent
node or element renumbering by HyperForm.
2.
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3.
2.
3.
4.
Click card image= and select the respective card image from the list:
For Radioss, select SH_ORTH as the card image.
For LsDyna, select SectShll as the card image.
5.
Click create.
6.
Click return.
2.
3.
Click card image:, and select the respective card image from the list:
For Radioss, select HillOrthotropicTabulated.
For LsDyna, select TransAnsioElasticPlastic.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Click create.
Step 5: Assign section and material properties for the blank component
1.
2.
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3.
4.
5.
Select a color.
6.
Click update.
7.
Click return.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Step 7: Activate geometry handles for easier graphics area line selection
1.
2.
Select the graphics subpanel, and check the geom handle option.
Notice the geometry handles appear on top of all lines.
3.
Click return.
2.
Click 1st lines and select the 1st line as shown in the image.
3.
Click 2nd line and select the 2nd line as shown in the image.
Notice two selected lines will be combined into a new line.
4.
Repeat this selection process in a clockwise direction using the new line and the next adjacent line until
all lines have been combined into a single line.
5.
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From the Setup menu, click Advanced and choose the trimming subpanel.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click trim.
Note: Trimming inside Radioss is done in the pre-processor.
7.
After the trimming calculation is done, from the View menu, click Trimmed Mesh. This will switch on
the trimmed mesh.
For Incremental_Dyna:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click setup.
7.
Click return.
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2.
3.
Click save.
2.
3.
4.
Click select.
5.
6.
Click setup.
7.
Click return.
8.
9.
Click run. A dyna input file trimming_complete.bdf is generated. The file can be submitted to LSDYNA for solver analysis.
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HF-3060: Gravity
This tutorial illustrates the setup procedure for performing a gravity analysis. A setup file containing the blank
and die mesh provides the starting point. The Auto Process utility is used to position the blank with
reference to the die, and assign the appropriate material and section properties to the tool and blank.
Tools
This tutorial uses the Gravity process available under the Auto Process utility:
2.
Click Open.
2.
Under the component column, ensure that blank is selected for row Blank1 and tool_source is
selected for the Tooling row.
. This opens the Auto process utility with the gravity template loaded in it.
The primary purpose of simulating gravity is to compute the shape of the deformed sheet due to a gravity
load. This can help to reduce the simulated tool travel distance, and eliminates some of the low
frequency dynamic oscillation that occurs when the tools first contact the blank.
Select the implicit option (LsDyna user profile only).
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3.
Click Autoposition.
This automatically positions the blank with reference to the tool without user intervention. Avoiding initial
penetration/intersections would be considered while autopositioning.
4.
Click Apply.
5.
Click Run. Specify the file name of the input deck as gravity_complete.
<filename>_0000.rad and <file name>_0001.rad files are written and automatically
launches the RADIOSS solver.
Radioss: <filename>_0000.rad and <filename>_0001.rad files are written and
automatically launches the RADIOSS solver.
Dyna: Writes a .bdf file. This file can later be submitted into LS-DYNA.
Note:
Radioss writes a STA file and Dyna writes a dynain file, which can be used as include files for
subsequent analysis.
2.
3.
Click Save.
4.
Click return.
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HF-3070: Redraw
This exercise illustrates a second stage setup procedure of a forming analysis. A setup file containing the
tool meshes provides the starting point. The blank shape at the end of the binderwrap and draw forming
exercise is used in this analysis. Appropriate material and section properties are assigned to each
component.
This tutorial assumes that you are familiar with functionalities such as creating components, geometry
cleanup, and meshing. Information about these topics can be found in the online help.
Tools
The following options used in this tutorial can be accessed from the Setup menu:
Import STA/Dynain
Rename
Sections
Materials
Tool Motion
Tool Load
2.
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3.
4.
Click Open to select the file, and then click Import to import the file into HyperForm.
The Import Process Messages dialog appears. You can choose to show the .hmx file, save the file with
a different name, delete the message file, or simply close the dialog. Click Close to close the dialog.
Note:
When the STA/DYNAIN file imports, only the node and element definitions are read into
HyperForm. The adaptive constraints, initial stress and initial strain quantities are
automatically placed into a new file called sta.hmx/dynain.hmx. This extra information is
automatically included in the new setup by use of the *INCLUDE card for Radioss and
*INCLUDE card for Dyna. The sta.hmx file and the dynain.hmx file will be created in the
working directory.
Warning: No renumbering or rotations of the imported dynain component is allowed. The STA/DYNAIN
file should be imported prior to import other tooling models to prevent node or element
renumbering by HyperForm.
If, for some reason, you wish to change the path of the INCLUDE card, use the following
steps. Ensure that the *sta.hmx/Dynain.hmx file is copied to the changed location.
Method 1:
1.
2.
Browse for the new path and click Set. The new path is the location of the current
working directory, where the *.sta.hmx/Dynain.hmx file is saved
Method 2:
1.
For Radioss, edit the D00 file after the complete setup, and insert the card #include
<filename>. For Dyna open the BDF file and insert the card *INCLUDE
redraw_dynain.hmx.
Here <filename> is cup_draw_0001.sta.hmx/redraw_dynain.hmx.
Warning: No renumbering or rotations of the imported STA component is allowed. The stress and strain
tensors are written with respect to a global coordinate system and require a suitable
transformation. Currently, HyperForm does not support transforming these stress and strain
tensors. The STA file should be imported prior to importing other tooling models to prevent
node or element renumbering by HyperForm.
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2.
3.
Click Open to select the file, and then click Import to import the file into HyperForm.
4.
Note:
Importing a HyperForm file allows this model to be added on to the previously-loaded STA/DYNAIN
model without numbering any existing IDs in the HyperForm database.
2.
3.
From the Setup menu, click Sections. The Section definition panel is displayed.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click create.
6.
Click return.
From the Setup menu, click Materials. The Material definition panel displays.
2.
3.
Click card image and select the respective card image from the list:
For Dyna, select TransAnisoElasticPlastic
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5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Click create.
2.
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3.
4.
5.
6.
Click update.
7.
Click return.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Click adjust. This operation takes few seconds depending on the complexity of the setup.
From the Setup menu, click Tool Motion. The Tool Motion panel is displayed.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
After auto-position, the distance between die and punch is about 36.0 mm. Final distance
between punch and die = = 39.2 approximate blank thickness * 1.2 = 39.2 (1.0 * 1.2) = 38.0
mm.
The blank section property defined in step 4 will be overwritten by the actual thickness carried
from previous forming result within the STA/DYNAIN file. The STA/DYNAIN file contains nodal
thickness results.
6.
Click return.
2.
3.
4.
For Incremental_Dyna only: Click max velocity and enter 5500 (mm/s). keep all the other default
options.
Click return.
Step 10: Setup contacts between the blank and the tools
1.
2.
3.
Next to master: field, click on comps and select Binder, Die and Punch.
4.
5.
Click create.
6.
Click return.
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1.
2.
3.
4.
Click return.
5.
Click return.
ADPSIZE defines the minimum element size to be adapted. To maintain the adaptive levels in the blank,
this parameter should be set to an element size which is slightly less than twice the size of the smallest
element in your adapted blank (ADPSIZE = 1.95*smallest characteristic length). During each adaptive
cycle, LS-DYNA checks to see if any elements have a characteristic length greater than ADPSIZE, if so,
then those elements can potentially adapt. Conversely, the elements smaller than ADPSIZE are not
allowed to adapt.
For this example, the smallest characteristic length in the blank after 3 levels is
ADPSIZE = 5.76*1.95 = 11.2 mm.
5.76 mm so the
2.
3.
Scroll to the bottom of the sections as shown in red box in the image below:
4.
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5.
6.
Click return.
In the Model Browser, right click on Binder_to_blank and select Card Edit.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click return.
2.
3.
Click save.
2.
Click animation.
Note: Notice the kinematics of the tool motion. This animation feature enables you to review and correct
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For Incremental_Dyna:
1.
From the Utility Menu, under Setup, click the Run button. This brings up the incremental analysis
panel.
2.
Make sure that the path to the LS-DYNA executable is set. To do this, edit the lsdyna.bat file in the
<installation_directory>/hm/scripts/hyperform/automation/ directory.
3.
Click return.
4.
Click run.
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Tools
The Multi-stage Manager is available in the Tools menu, under Multiple Stage Manager when the
Incremental_Radioss or Incremental_Dyna user profile is loaded.
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Click on
and browse the directories to find the file
<installation_directory>\tutorials\mfs\hf\incremental\multistage_gravity_ra
dioss.hf.
2.
Click Open.
From the Tools menu, select Multi Stage Manager The Multi Stage Manager dialog opens, as
shown below.
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currently-selected process stage. Two tabs, Setup and Details, appear in the left side of the dialog on
which you can specify all the details of the analysis and review the settings.
File: Create, open and save a new project.
You can simulate complex, multi-stage processes in the Multi Stage Manager by following four simple
steps listed below:
Select process stages to add them to the process sequence
Specify a source file for each stage
Specify setup parameters for each stage
Run the process
2.
3.
4.
Notice the Gravity icon appears under Sequence. This indicates a gravity forming analysis is the first
incremental forming analysis in the entire project.
5.
Click on the Gravity icon. Notice a red line is surrounding the icon indicating that the gravity sequence is
currently selected.
6.
Click on
in front of the Source file field and browse to locate the file
<installation_directory>\tutorials\mfs\hf\incremental\multistage_gravity_ra
dioss.hf for Radioss and
<installation_directory>\tutorials\mfs\hf\incremental\multistage_gravity.
hf for Dyna.
7.
Click Open. The selected .hf file is assigned to the gravity process as a source file.
8.
Double-click Double Action Draw. Notice the Double Action Draw icon appears under the Sequence
list.
9.
10. Repeat the above steps to make Trim active in the Sequence list and assign the
multistage_trim_line.hf file.
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2.
Click on the Process tab at the top of the window and select Setup. This brings up the process setup for
gravity analysis.
3.
4.
5.
Under the Name column, click on the space left to Blank1. Notice an arrow (
6.
7.
With blank1 selected, under the Component column, verify Blank is selected.
8.
With blank1 selected, under Material, click the open folder icon
Materials window.
240
) appears.
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9.
12. With Tooling selected, verify HF under Source and select Die under Component.
Notice the pink die component color is shown as a solid line in the Multiple Stage Manager image.
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1.
Under Sequence, click the Double Action Draw icon. Notice that the source file for Double Action
Draw displays in the graphics area.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
For Blank1, verify the name under Source is set to State file.
Note:
At the end of the first stage gravity analysis, a STA file for Radioss and a Dynain file for Dyna is
generated and imported into second stage double action draw forming as the initial blank. This
file contains the shape of the blank in additional to the stress and strain output after the gravity
stage.
7.
Verify that the remaining Source column values are set to HF.
8.
For Die, Punch and Binder names, verify Component column is set to Die, Punch and Binder
respectively.
9.
Travel1 + Travel2 distance is the total travel of the punch. If you wish to specify values for
Travel 1 and Travel 2, you need to turn off autopositioning in the settings.dat file.
10. Click on Binder and change the Type to Gap. Enter the values as shown below:
Gap: 0.0 (default)
The meaning of different motion controls for the tools is enumerated below
Travel: type a value for the distance the binder travels toward the die.
Velocity: type a value for the velocity at which the binder travels toward the die. The suggested velocity
is 2000 mm/s.
Type: select Gap or Force for the binder. If you choose Force, type a value (in Newtons) in the Force
column that appears to the right. If you choose Gap, type a value in the Gap column that appears to the
right. Gap is defined as the actual physical distance between the binder and die that is maintained after
the binder closure until the draw is completed, minus the blank thickness + 20% of blank thickness.
Note:
When gap value is specified, travel distance is automatically calculated and assigned. If you wish
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to specify values for Travel, you need to turn off autopositioning in the settings.dat file.
2.
Under the Name column, click on the space left to Trim. Notice an arrow (
3.
4.
) appears.
Within the Multiple Stage Manager, from the Files menu, select Save Process. Notice a message
appears at the bottom of the Multiple Stage Manager window showing the path of the saved process
file.
2.
For Incremental_Dyna:
To make the solver launch automatically as outlined about for Radioss, complete the following.
HyperForm incremental forming analysis uses LS-DYNA as the solver. In order for HyperForm to launch the
solver directly, you must specify the solver environment by performing the following steps:
1.
2.
Remove any lines above "REM Remove the lines above and point the line below to lsdyna-executable".
3.
4.
Upon completion of the Radioss/Dyna run, review the result files in the following directories.
stage_1: contains the input deck and result files for Gravity run
stage_2: contains the input deck and result files for Double draw action run
Stage_3: contains the input deck and result files for Trim run.
Note: The input deck is the <filename>_0000.rad and <filename>_0001.rad files. The input deck for Dyna
is the key file.
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2.
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Tools
This utility can be accessed from the Tools menu under the Bend option, as shown below:
The following panels used in this tutorial can be accessed from the Setup menu:
Materials panel
Components panel
Run analysis panel
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From the Tools menu, select Bend and then select Model Creator. The following panel is displayed.
2.
Field Description
Values
Tooling Parameters
0.0
0.0
0.0
163
100
Ball Parameters
Number of Balls
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70.3
Tube Parameters
3.
76.2
750
2.6
156.6
Click Apply.
The graphical definition of all parameters is illustrated in the image below.
Note : Outer Dia = Tube diameter ( at mid surface of a tube) + Wall Thickness.
2.
3.
Click card image:, and select the respective card image from the list.
Note:
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4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Click create.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click update.
6.
Click return.
From the Tools menu, select Bend and then select Bend Setup. Type the file name as
tube_bending and specify the required location to save the file.
2.
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4.
Enter the following in the table to provide the bend sequence data:
5.
Translate
Rotate
Bend Angle
156.2
56.2
87.2
-49.2
50.2
99.7
126.1
29.8
Click Run. The folder where you saved the file will have <filename>_0000.rad and
<filename>_0001.rad installed. The number of <filename>_000* files depends on the number of
bends in the Bending setup. In this case, it is 6 files 0001.rad, 0002.rad, 0003.rad, 0004.rad,
0005.rad and 0006.rad files.
The tube bending problem has been set up completely.
Note:
All tool parameters from the Bending Model Creator dialog are automatically applied to the
"Bending Setup". However, if you create the tube and tool meshes without using the Bending
Model Creator dialog, you will need to manually modify [install_directory]
\scripts\hyperform\hydroforming\TubeBendingInitDefaults.dat to suit your
needs.
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2.
252
Make the following component selections in the Hydro Tube Bending dialog by using the selector for
the corresponding fields.
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3.
4.
Selector label
Component to Select
Form die:
FormDie
Mandrel:
Mandrel
Wiper die:
WiperDie
Pressure die:
PressureDie
Tube:
Tube
CntrlRigid
Ball number 1:
ball_1
Ball number 2:
ball_2
Number of bends
Translate
Rotate
Bend Angle
156.2
56.2
87.2
-49.2
50.2
99.7
126.1
29.8
Click Run.
The tube bending problem has been set up completely.
Note:
All tool parameters from the Bending Model Creator dialog are automatically applied to the
"Bending Setup". However, if you create the tube and tool meshes without using the Bending
Model Creator dialog, you will need to manually modify [install_directory]
\scripts\hyperform\hydroforming\TubeBendingInitDefaults.dat to suit your
needs.
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2.
3.
Click save.
Run the analysis from the Radioss Manager. The Radioss Manager can be accessed from Start - All
Programs - Altair HyperWorks 11.0.
Note: Do not use the Run function from the Utility Menu or the main panel area. This will rewrite the
D00 and D0* files created from the Bending setup.
2.
Click run. An LS-DYNA input file named forming_complete.bdf is generated. The file can be
submitted to LS-DYNA for solver analysis (in the Incremental_LsDyna user profile).
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HF-3100: HydroForming
Hydroforming is a metal forming process that involves using fluid pressure to shape the metal piece. It begins
with the metal piece to be formed being placed in a blank holder over the punch. The blank holder and punch
are then moved next to the fluid filled dome. Pressure inside the dome is increased to form the part. As the
punch moves against the diaphragm of the dome, the pressure inside the dome is adjusted to form the part
to the desired shape.
In this tutorial, you will learn how to set up of a tube hydroforming process.
This tutorial assumes that you are familiar with basic HyperForm functionality such as meshing and mesh
editing. If you need help on these topics, refer to the corresponding tutorials in the online help.
Tools
This tutorial uses the following panels which are available in Setup menu:
Sections panel
Materials panel
Components panel
Run Analysis panel
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Copy the file tube_radioss.sta from it's location in the installation directory at
\tutorials\mfs\hf\incremental to the location where you intend to run this simulation after
setup.
2.
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3.
4.
Click Open...
5.
Click Import.
Note:
During import of the sta/dynain file, only the node and element definitions are read into HyperForm.
The adaptive constraints, initial stress, and initial strain quantities are automatically placed into a
new file called filename.sta.hmx/dynain.hmx. This extra information should be
automatically included in the new setup by use of the #INCLUDE in the D00 0000.rad file for
Radioss and *INCLUDE card for Dyna.
2.
3.
2.
3.
4.
Click card image: and select the respective card image from the list:
For Radioss, select SH_ORTH
For Dyna, select SectShll
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5.
Click create.
6.
Click return.
2.
3.
Click card image:, and select the respective card image from the list:
For Radioss, select HillOrthotropic Tabulated
For Dyna, select TransAnsioElasticPlastic
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Click create.
Step 5: Assign section and material properties for the tube component
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Select a color.
6.
7.
Click update.
8.
Click return.
Note:
258
By default, three levels of adaptivity are enabled. The adaptive levels can be changed by using the
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Control Card panel, and editing the parameter LevelMax in the card /ADMESH/GLOBAL for
Radioss and the parameter MAXLVL in the Adaptive card for Dyna. Refer to the RADIOSS/LSDYNA manual for more detailed information.
2.
3.
4.
Click Import.
5.
Click Close.
2.
3.
4.
5.
In the Model Browser, click the surface icon as shown in the figure below to turn on lower_die and
upper_die components.
In the Model Browser, under the Components folder, right click on Upper Die and select Make
Current as shown below.
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1.
2.
3.
Click Mesh
4.
5.
6.
Click Close.
Step 11: Repeat Steps 9 and 10 using lower_die as the current component
1.
2.
Step 12: Set up pressure loads using the Hydro Setup macro
1.
For Incremental_Radioss:
2.
A window pops up asking you to save the file. Type the file name as
tube_hydro_radioss_complete and specify the required location to save this file.. The
HydroForming utility displays as below
3.
4.
5.
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6.
7.
8.
9.
For Radioss, D00 and D01 files are created at this step. Save the file as in Step 13 and directly
use the Radioss Manager to run these files. The Radioss Manager can be accessed from
Start - All Programs - Altair HyperWorks 11.0.
Do not execute the Run command either from the Utility Menu or the main panel area.
2.
3.
Click Save.
Step 14: (Incremental_Dyna Only) Review the animation and run the analysis
1.
2.
3.
4.
Click select.
5.
6.
Click setup.
A message appears stating: "The entity set has been created."
Note
At the end of the computation, LS-DYNA will write out a file named "dynain". This file contains
all the stress and strain information necessary to perform subsequent operations. This file can
be read directly by HyperForm and is essential for performing multi-stage setups.
7.
Click return.
8.
9.
Click run. A dyna input file tube_hydro_complete.bdf is generated. The file can be submitted to
LS-DYNA for solver analysis.
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Tools
This tutorial uses functionality available in the Tools menu, with the Blank Opti option.
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From the Tools menu, select Blank Opti and then choose Select Root Directory.
A dialog box pops up with the instructions about file format and their locations, as shown below.
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Incremental_Dyna dialog
2.
Click on Proceed.
A dialogue box pops up asking you to change the exiting location of the root directory You need to point
to the directory where the model files are stored. Please note that there cannot be any spaces in the root
directory path.
3.
Click on Yes to change the directory, or No to accept the default directory. If Yes, browse the appropriate
directory and click OK.
From the Tools menu, select Blank Opti and then choose Blank Opti Setup.
The utility makes a comparison between the boundary of formed part and the target boundary to
calculate the deviation. This deviation is applied to the initial blank and a new boundary for the blank is
created as shown below.
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The zoomed area shows the deviation applied to the flat blank
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Note: Radioss and Dyna files should be kept in separate working folders.
1.
From the Tools menu, select Blank Opti and then choose Select Root Directory.
2.
Click on Proceed.
A dialog box pops up asking you to change the exiting location of the root directory You need to point to
the directory where the model files are stored. Please note that there cannot be any spaces in the root
directory path.
3.
Click on Yes to change the directory, or No to accept the default directory. If Yes, browse the appropriate
directory and click OK.
From the Tools menu, click Blank Opti and then Select Web Elements.
The flat blank will load into the session with the web selection options
2.
3.
Click on proceed.
4.
Click on elements and select approximately half of the elements, as shown in the figure below.
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5.
Click on proceed.
6.
From the Tools menu, click Blank Opti and select Blank Opti Setup.
7.
8.
Click Open.
This will apply the deviation to on half of the blank as opposed to full blank. Deviation compensated blank
is shown below:
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Die Module
The following Die Module tutorials are available:
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2.
3.
Click Open.
2.
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.
275
3.
4.
Click Open.
5.
On the Die Process tab, under the Settings heading, right-click on Symmetry and select Edit, as
shown below. This opens the Symmetry Setting panel.
2.
3.
Click return.
4.
In the Die Process tab, under Settings, right-click on Stamping Direction and select Edit. The
Stamping Direction Settings panel opens.
5.
6.
Click Set.
2.
Select the part from the graphics screen and click proceed.
Note that the name of the component appears in front of the label Part:. For this example, Part: Part
appears.
3.
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The trim line (a line representing the part boundary) will be created in a temporary collector called TL.
Under Die, right-click on Binder and select Create > From Part.
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Under Die, right-click on Addendum and select Create > From Part.
Using the Model Browser, make sure that the display of drawbead.iges is turned on.
2.
In the Die Process tab, right-click on Drawbeads (optional) and select Create.
3.
4.
Click create.
5.
Pick the binder surface from the screen and click proceed.
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6.
Select the line representing the drawbead on the binder (die face) and click proceed.
7.
8.
Click proceed.
The drawbead is created along the line with the specified dimensions.
Right-click on the white space in the Die Process tab and select Trim Binder > With Addendum, as
shown below.
2.
From the menu bar, click View > Toolbars > Display. Click on the Display Fixed Point icon
turn off the display of the fixed point from the die.
3.
In the Model Browser, turn off the geometry display for all of the components to display a clear view of
the meshed cavity die.
to
In the Die Process tab, right click on Punch: (None) and select By Offsetting Part and Addendum.
2.
Enter a value for the offset. The offset distance will be the gap between the punch and the die, which
should be equal to blank thickness+20% of blank thickness.
3.
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4.
Click Return.
The punch will be created in a collector named Punch. The object punch in the die process tree reflects the
name of the punch component.
5.
6.
Enter a value for the offset. The offset distance will be the gap between the punch and the die, which
should be equal to blank thickness+20% of blank thickness.
7.
8.
Click return.
The binder will be created in a collector named Binder. The object binder in the die process tree reflects the
name of the binder component.
It is advised to keep the blank ready by using tools in the Radioss One Step profile prior to creating tools.
You can also switch to the Radioss-Incremental user profile and use the functions Auto Process and/or User
Process to setup the solver parameters for Radioss Incremental.
9.
Create a new component called Die Cavity and organize the elements of the binder, addendum, and
part.
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Tools
This tutorial uses the following macros:
From Elements macro under Create Trim Line
Flat macro under Create Binder
Edit Binder macro under Create Binder
Constant S macro under Create Addendum
Components macro under Setup of 1Step macro menu
2.
3.
Click Open.
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1.
2.
3.
Click create.
Notice the message "Trim line is created" on the header bar. This creates a feature line forming the
outline of the part that is stored in the ^feature component. This line will be used later as the trim line.
4.
Click return.
Click Applications > Radioss One Step. This opens the Radioss One Step user profile within
HyperForm.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click on the color button and assign a color to the binder component.
6.
Click create.
7.
Click return.
Click Applications > Die Module. This brings you to the Die Module user profile.
2.
From the Geometry menu, click Binder. Select the flat subpanel.
3.
4.
5.
With the nodes button highlighted, from the graphics area, click on the empty region below the model.
icon.
6.
7.
Click return.
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2.
From the Utility Menu, under Create Binder click on the Edit Binder panel.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
With N1 highlighted, click and hold down the left mouse button and move the mouse cursor on an edge
of the binder to highlight a line. Once the binder edge is highlighted, click on the line again to create a
temp node.
8.
Repeat the procedure for N2, but click on any node on the part edge.
Notice the distance between N1 and N2 is measured and displayed. Refer to the image below:
9.
Note the value of z dist = . The distance in Z direction will be used later.
10. Click return. You are back to the Edit Binder panel.
11. With the noted value from the Distance panel, arrive at a value so that the distance is equal to 20mm
between the binder surface and the top of the part. Enter that value in the Magnitude = field.
(For example, if the previous value is 10.0, you will have to translate binder in negative Z direction by 10.0
to be able to achieve a distance = 20.0 between the binder and the part.)
12. Click on Translate+ or Translate- accordingly.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click create.
7.
8.
From the Geometry menu, click Addendum, and select the Constant S-section subpanel.
9.
Click the line button next to TL:. With the line button highlighted, pick the trim line created in step 2
from the graphics screen (stored in the ^feature component). Once the line is picked, it highlights in
white color and the surf button next to Binder: is highlighted in the panel area.
10. With the surf button highlighted, click on the binder surface from the graphics screen.
11. Click on the purple parameters button.
This takes you to the control parameters for addendum creation.
Plus length: A straight line section added to the outer edge of a part (10 mm default).
Wall angle: Section wall angle (15 degrees default).
Entry radius: Die entry radius (10 mm default).
Constrain plus to part: Plus length will be constrained so that it is tangent with respect to the edge of
the part. (ON by default).
Enable fixed points: Fixed points will be placed along the edge of the new addendum surface if a finite
element mesh exists. If the nodes lie along the edge and are within a tolerance, a fixed point will be
generated. (ON by default).
Split into small faces: Generated surfaces are divided into smaller areas in order to simplify their
definition while reading and manipulating them in other CAD systems. (ON by default).
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12. Enter plus length = 3.0, wall angle = 5.0 and entry radius = 3.0.
13. Click return.
14. Click on the create addendum button.
This creates an addendum forming a smooth connection between the part and the binder surface.
15. Click return.
From the Preferences menu, click on Meshing Options. Select the graphics subpanel and uncheck
the fixed points option. Click return to close the panel.
2.
Click Geometry > Edit > Surfaces > Trim with lines.
3.
4.
Highlight the surfs button under with lines and pick the binder surface from the graphic screen.
5.
Click on the yellow lines button below the surfs button. From the graphics screen, click and hold down
the left mouse button and move the mouse cursor to highlight the entire surface edge of the created
addendum. Refer to the image below:
top icon.
6.
Click on the first toggle below the lines button to make the option as normal to surface.
7.
8.
Click on the trim button. This will trim the binder covering the die cavity.
9.
Click on return.
icon.
11. Press F2 on the keyboard. This will take you to the Delete panel.
12. Set the yellow entity selector to surfs.
13. Click at the center of the binder to highlight the portion of the binder (which was trimmed out in steps 6
through 10) covering the die cavity.
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14. Click on the delete entity button. This will give the final die cavity with the addendum and the die face.
2.
3.
Click Save.
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Tools
This tutorial uses the following features:
From Elements macro under Create Trim Line
Flat macro under Create Binder
Edit Binder macro under Create Binder
Constant S macro under Create Addendum
Components macro under Setup of 1Step macro button
Spline macro under Create surfaces from Edit geometry button
Rib Editor
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2.
3.
Click Open.
From the View menu, click Toolbars and then select Display.
The Display toolbar menu is now displayed.
2.
3.
From the Visualization toolbar, select Geometry Color Mode and change to
By Topo .
Notice the color of the model is changed and topology definitions are displayed on screen.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Click the switch in the middle of the panel and select surface only.
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9.
10. Click on the red line as shown in the figure below and click create to make it green. This will build a
surface covering the notch.
12. You are still in the Spline panel. Click on the red lines as shown below to fill the surfaces.
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14. Click on the red lines as shown below to fill the surfaces:
16. From the Utility Menu under Create Surfaces, click on the Sweep button.
17. In the drag geoms subpanel, click the toggle next to drag: and set it to line list. In the same row, set
the toggle to use default vector.
18. Click the toggle to set the option surface only.
19. Click the drag: line list button and click the red line as shown in the figure below.
20. Click the along: line list button and click the red line as shown in the figure below.
21. Click drag.
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22. Repeat the above two steps to close the other surface as shown below.
The next two steps are optional and can be skipped if you see all green-shared edges without any red
edges.
23. (Optional) Click keyboard F11 to jump to the Quick edit panel.
24. (Optional) Click the line panel right next to toggle edge:. With the line panel lines active, graphically
click the any interior red lines (free edges) within the circle regions in the image below. This changes the
selected red free edges into green shared edges.
25. From the Utility Menu, click on the <<<Back button. This will take you to the die module user profile
menu.
26. From the File menu, click Save and save the file as Die_module_ex1_complete.hf.
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From the Geometry menu, click Line Design. Select the part boundary subpanel.
2.
3.
Click create.
Notice all the shared green edges are turned into blue suppressed edges.
4.
Click return.
From the Geometry menu, click Binder, and select the flat subpanel.
2.
3.
4.
With the yellow nodes button highlighted, click anywhere below the bottom of the model to create a
temp node.
Note:
When one node is created, HyperForm generates a plane surface perpendicular and horizontal
to the screen. If two nodes are selected, a plane is created based on the two nodes, that is,
perpendicular to the screen, passing through these nodes.
5.
Click create.
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1.
2.
3.
You should still be in the Binder panel. Click the purple edit button.
4.
5.
6.
Click on the switch next to N1, N2, N3 and make the direction as z-axis.
7.
8.
With N1 highlighted, hold the left mouse button and move the cursor on top of the edge of the part to
highlight it, and then click on the edge again to create a temp node N1. Refer to image below.
9.
With N2 highlighted, repeat the above step and create the temp node N2 on the binder. Refer to the
figure below. To make it easier to create N1 and N2, try changing the display to shaded graphics.
top view icon. Notice that the original part is approximately centered on
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In the Model Browser, expand the Component folder to view the components. Right-click on
addendum and select Make Current. This changes the default working component to be addendum.
2.
From the Geometry menu, click Addendum, and select the Constant S-section subpanel.
3.
4.
Click on the line button next to TL:. With the line button highlighted, pick the trim line from the graphics
screen. (Trim line is the red outer boundary of the part.)
5.
Click on the surf button next to Binder:. With the surf button highlighted, click on the binder surface
from the graphics screen.
6.
Click on the purple parameters button. This will take you to the control values for addendum creation.
Note that the parameters for the constant S-section can be changed using the panel. The available
parameters for controlling the geometry generated include plus length, wall angle and entry radius. Other
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Enter Plus Length = 10.0, Wall Angle = 10.0 and Entry Radius = 10.0.
8.
Click on return.
9.
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2.
3.
Click Open.
2.
3.
4.
Click the surfs button and select displayed from the pop-up menu.
By Topo.
Notice all the shared green edges are turned into blue suppressed edges.
5.
Click return.
Step 3: Display a side view of the part and set the current component
1.
2.
Press the keyboard - ( minus sign ) to zoom out. (You can also right-click
3.
From the Model Browser, right-click on the Binder component and select Make Current. This
changes the default working component to Binder.
.
from the tool bar.)
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From the Geometry menu, click Binder, and select the single curve subpanel. Ensure that the toggle
switch is set to full model.
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2.
Click nodes and select several points below the part in the viewing graphics area as shown in the figure
below.
If multiple nodes are selected, HyperForm generates a singly-curved surface which passes smoothly
through the nodes and is perpendicular and horizontal to the screen.
3.
4.
Click create.
2.
3.
Go to the add tracks subpanel. With the reference: node button activated, hold the left mouse button
and move the mouse cursor to a location along the binder surface edge at far most negative Y direction.
Once the line is highlighted, click again to create a temp node. Refer to the image below:
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4.
5.
Repeat steps 3 and 4 and add 3 more track lines evenly distributed over the binder surface.
6.
Select the edit tracks subpanel. Then, select the add new handle radio button.
7.
8.
Select the move handle radio button. Notice a reference: node button appears.
9.
10. The reference: node button is automatically highlighted. Graphically select a node on top of the track
line.
Notice the message bar says "A handle is picked successfully."
11. Graphically pick a location higher than the currently selected node. Notice the associated track line is
lifted with respect to the new location.
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16. Click cast. Notice all the candidate line shapes are changed.
17. Click update.
Notice the binder surface curvature is modified.
From the Geometry menu, click Addendum, and select the single section subpanel.
2.
Click on the line button next to TL: and pick the trim line from the graphics screen (the trim line is the
red outer boundary of the part).
3.
Click on the surf button next to Binder: and click on the binder surface from the graphics screen.
4.
Click parameters.
5.
Click the split into small faces checkbox to de-select this option.
6.
7.
Click return.
You are still in the Addendum panel.
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Last Wall
angle:
Die Entry
radius:
10 mm default
When the plus value, last wall angle and Die Entry radius are enabled, you activate the
global values. Any appended rib segments will use the activated values as default. For
example, if you activate plus length value = 10.0, any further added new plus line
segment in Rib Editor will have straight segment = 10.0 as default.
Constrain to
part:
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Constrain to
Binder:
Enable
Handles:
Activate this option to create a center for the curved portion of the ribs
on the graphics screen. This allows you to change the curvature value
by holding the yellow center button with left click.
Show Scales: Activate this option to mark the graphics screen with scales.
Show
neighboring
ribs:
Show part
profile:
Activate this option to show the profile of the part along with the rib
being created.
The Model tab provides the total number, names, and parameters of the segments
that constitute the current rib.
The Library tab allows you to load a file containing pre-existing shapes. You can then
retrieve the different shapes from the loaded library to construct a rib. New shapes can
also be added to the library file.
The Help tab shows the description of the Rib Editor.
Plot area
Action buttons
Insert
Replace
Delete
Deletes a rib
Undo
Note: The current action mode is displayed on the toolbar directly above the action
buttons.
Toolbar
The toolbar is composed of icons representing four basic shapes that can be used to
construct a rib (in addition to the library shapes):
Plus
Fillet
B-shape
Note: The parameters for the toolbar shapes can be changed in the parameter display
area (described below) or through the dragging and dropping of control points from the
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options page.
Parameter
display area
Located in the area between the tool and status bars, the parameters of shapes can
be viewed and modified here.
Status bar
Located at the bottom of the Rib Editor window, the status bar displays messages
concerning geometric constraints used during rib construction.
Viewing options Several viewing options are offered in the lower right-hand corner of the window; such
as zoom in, zoom out, and fit.
2.
Verify that only Constrain to part and Show part profile are activated.
If show part profile is off, click the Options tab and select the ON check box next to the Show part
profile option. This will show a part profile in the display area as a red dotted section line.
3.
4.
While pressing the Ctrl key, use the left mouse button and draw a circle in the plot area to zoom into
the area shown in the following figure.
The part profile (red), part edge tangency (orange arrow) and the binder profile (light blue) are shown in
the image above.
5.
Click Append
. Notice status "action mode : Append" is displayed above action buttons.
This allows you to add any new shape to part edge tangency.
6.
A straight-line section tangent to the edge of the part is added as shown in the figure below.
Notice the two parameters Length and Angle are defined in the parameter display area.
Also, notice the current action mode: is still set to Append. The append mode ensures that any new
rib created will be added to the end of the currently highlighted section. You can also change the action
mode: to Insert, Replace or Delete. You will continue this exercise with the action mode: set to
Append.
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7.
From the parameter display area, change Length: from 10.0 to be 3.0.
Notice the length is reduced in Plot Area.
8.
9.
From the parameter display area, change Radius: from 10.0 to be 5.0.
on the tool bar to append a fillet section to the end of the plus section.
11. From the parameter display area, change all parameters for the S-Section as in the image below:
Note: Click on the icon, using the left mouse button and zoom into the area to have a larger graphical
view.
12. Check the Constrain to binder option.
Notice the S-section is extended and attached to the binder profile. The parameters are also adjusted.
This ensures that the rib is tangential to the binder surface.
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13. Click the Options tab and select the ON check box next to the Enable handles option. This allows you
to graphically change any of the rib sections.
Handles turned ON
14. Hold the left mouse button and move the mouse cursor on top of the handle.
15. Notice the handle is changed to red color. A message box is also displayed in Plot Area as "First
segment of S shape, length :3.0, angle: 20.0".
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16. Keep holding the left mouse button and graphically drag the mouse cursor. In this step, it is NOT
required to exactly follow the parameters below.
Notice the first segment is extended and also parameters are updated accordingly.
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Tools
This tutorial uses the following panels:
Addendum panel
Modify Addendum panel
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2.
3.
Click Open.
4.
From the tool bar, click the Shaded geometry and surface edges button
From the View menu, select Toolbars and select Display. This will enable the Display toolbar.
2.
3.
From the Geometry menu, click Modify Addendum. Select the edit binder subpanel, and click on
update.
This will create the latitude lines and update the model to the 11.0 version.
4.
5.
6.
Verify the toggle is set to modify last wall angle to select the method to use for modification of the
addendum.
Note:
7.
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Click get handle to activate the handle (yellow circular ball) at the rib ends.
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8.
9.
Hold your left mouse button and move the mouse cursor on top of one of the handles in the graphics
region. Keep holding the left mouse cursor and move the handle in the outbound direction on the binder
surface.
Refer to the image below:
10. Click update to pass the rib ends through the handles and modify the addendum surface to pass through
the modified rib sections.
Notice the outer shape of the addendum is modified accordingly. The edit addendum panel allows a
quick update over the shape of addendum by dragging the handles.
11. Click reject to get back to the original configuration.
12. Click clear handles to remove the existing handle.
This process can be repeated to modify the plus value.
13. Click return.
From the Geometry menu, click Addendum and click the single section subpanel.
2.
With the TL: line button highlighted, select the trim line and the binder surface as shown below:
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3.
Click on edit latitude lines. You will be taken to a new panel as shown below where you can drag the
latitude lines interactively to change the cross section of the addendum. The red lines you see below are
latitude lines.
4.
With the latitude lines highlighted, click on the red lines as shown below:
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5.
Click on the second Lines button against Fixed Ribs: and select the fixed ribs as shown below:
6.
Click on the get handle button. Notice the two handles on the Latitude Line as shown below:
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7.
Click on move handle. Click and drag one of the handles either in the z direction or in the XY plane.
8.
Click on update. Notice that the cross section of the addendum changes.
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1.
2.
You should still be in the Modify Addendum panel. Select the add rib subpanel.
3.
Click line button and elect the rib to be copied as indicated in the image below.
4.
Click the nodes button, keep holding the left mouse button, and move mouse cursor over the nodal
location as indicated in the image below. Release the mouse button and click the left mouse button
again to create a temp node.
5.
Click add.
This will copy the rib and also modify the addendum surface to pass through the new rib. The figure
below shows the addendum surface before and after adding the rib.
2.
Click the line panel and graphically select the rib as shown in the image below.
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3.
4.
Graphically click the green rib as shown in the image below until it becomes white in color.
Note: All the parameters are displayed and can be modified and updated.
In the Rib Editor, change the Radius 2: from 10.0 to 15.0. Notice the selected rib is also graphically
changed.
2.
3.
Click update.
Notice the rib and the associated addendum surfaces are updated.
4.
Click return.
Step 7: Absorb new modified ribs and re-create addendum surfaces using multiple
sections
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During previous steps, some ribs are modified and some addendum surfaces are split. In this step, you will
remove the split addendum surfaces by re-creating the addendum surfaces using existing ribs.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click return.
7.
8.
9.
Click parameters and disable both split into small surface and global smoothing.
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Tools
This tutorial uses the Section Editor, which can be accessed by:
the Section Edit panel
the Edit Section macro
2.
3.
Click OK.
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1.
2.
3.
Click Import. The geometry appears below the part in the graphics area, as shown below.
4.
2.
Right-click on lv3 and select Rename. Enter the new name as Binder. Right-click on it again and
select Make Current.
3.
From the Mesh menu, click R-Mesh to open the Rigid Tool Surface Meshing panel.
4.
5.
Click Mesh
6.
Select the binder surface in the graphics area and click proceed. HyperForm creates mesh on the
binder surface.
7.
Click Close.
2.
3.
Click elems and select displayed from the extended entity selection menu.
4.
Using the N1, N2, N3 and B selectors, select three nodes and a base node to define the cutting plane,
which corresponds to the raised area of the part. Refer to the image below.
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5.
2.
With the Joints option selected, right-click the joints that are not endpoints to convert them to points.
(Joints are red solid circles and points are blue hollow circles.) Removing the joints causes the section to
become a straight line.
3.
In the Radius subpanel, click and drag the section to the appropriate location to specify the peak of the
desired curvature of the section.
4.
When you are satisfied with the curvature of the section, close the Section Editor and return to the main
panel of HyperForm. The modified section is shown in blue in the graphics area. (The original location is
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shown in green.)
Note:
line.
5.
The green line is the original cross-section. The new target cross-section line is the blue
2.
3.
4.
For from line: select the original, green line. For to line: select the modified, blue line. These selections
indicate that the original line will be morphed to the location of the blue line.
5.
6.
7.
Select binder to select all the nodes in the collector that correspond to the binder.
8.
9.
Click return.
Next you must map the surface.
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2.
3.
Right-click anywhere in the white space in the Model Browser and select Create and then select
Components, as shown below.
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2.
3.
Click create.
2.
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3.
In the graphics area, select the rib and click edit section.
4.
The Section Editor opens. Note that the rib is already parameterized and is composed of arcs and
lines, as listed in the Model tab.
5.
On the Export tab, enter save1 in the Current section: field and click Save.
The rib section appears in the list.
6.
Close the Section Editor and click return to close the Edit section panel.
From the Geometry menu, click Addendum and select the single section subpanel.
2.
Select the outer edge of the part for the trim line (TL field) and the outer edge of the binder for the Binder
field.
3.
Click rib editor. The Rib Editor opens in its own window.
4.
Click the Library tab and note that the save1 rib appears in the list.
5.
Click the rib name in the list and note that a preview of the rib appears in the left side of the Rib Editor
window, where you can see the geometry, including the parameters you created.
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6.
Click the Append button to change the action mode, and then click the library button
rib to the parts geometry. Note that the rib extends beyond the binder surface.
7.
In the graphics area, double-click the last segment of the rib to select and highlight it. The segment
beginning beyond the binder boundary will be deleted.
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8.
9.
In the graphics area, click the last segment as shown in the image below.
10. For Length:, change the value from 24.2 to 10.0 and press Enter.
Notice the last segment is no longer passing the binders boundary.
11. Click the Options tab.
12. Check the Constraint to binder checkbox.
13. Notice the rib is adjusted so that it can attach to the binder.
14. Close the Rib Editor, which will return you to the Addendum panel.
15. Click create ribs. HyperForm automatically creates ribs based on the parameters you have set.
16. Click create addendum. HyperForm creates the addendum.
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Optimization
The following Optimization tutorials are available:
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Tools
This tutorial uses the HyperMorph module, which can be found in the Tools menu.
2.
For Application, select Manufacturing Solutions. Verify that HyperForm and Radioss One Step are
selected.
3.
Click OK.
4.
Click return.
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2.
3.
Click Open.
2.
3.
4.
5.
X density = 2
Y density = 10
Z density = 1
buffer % = 5
6.
7.
8.
Click create.
The entire part is enclosed in twenty hexagonal morph volumes. These twenty morph volumes are the
result of 2 x 10 x 1 input for X, Y and Z in the create matrix as shown in the figure below. Red color
handles are created at the end corners of each of the twenty boxes.
8.
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9.
Ensure that the selection of the left top toggle is split mvols.
10. Keep all the other settings as default except uncheck the box for make tangent.
11. Pick the edge close to the black X as shown in the figure below and type in 0.62 in the box for single
split.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
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X=0
Y = -20
Z= 0
8.
Click handles.
9.
Click handle again and select by window from the popup window.
10. With the points button activated, draw a window as shown in the image below.
2.
3.
4.
Click save.
5.
Click yes to the message window "Save perturbations for node at global and morph volume handles? (y/
n)"
6.
Click undo. This will recover the model back to original model shape.
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2.
3.
Click handles.
4.
Click handles again and select by window from the popup window .
5.
With the points button activated, draw a window as shown in the image below.
6.
7.
8.
2.
3.
4.
Click save.
5.
Click yes.
6.
Click undo.
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1.
2.
3.
4.
X = -20
Y= 0
Z= 0
5.
6.
Click handles again and select by window from the popup window .
7.
With the points activated, draw a window as shown in the image below.
8.
9.
2.
3.
4.
Click save.
5.
Click yes.
6.
Click undo.
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2.
3.
Click select.
4.
5.
Click apply.
All the three shapes are applied together.
6.
Click on the save shape subpanel and enter the name as combine for the combined shapes.
7.
Click save.
8.
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The shape variables are the blank edge profile. The die entry radius, the part depth, and the process variables
are the blankholder force and the drawbead restraining forces as illustrated in the following figure.
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This tutorial assumes that you are familiar with the basics of optimization and HyperStudy.
2.
For Application, select Manufacturing Solutions. Verify that HyperForm and Radioss_One_Step are
selected.
3.
Click OK.
2.
3.
Click Open.
338
From the Applications menu, select HyperStudy. This opens a new dialog.
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3.
4.
The Add Study dialog is displayed. Accept the default values and click OK.
5.
Select your working directory as Study directory using the file browser
window.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Click OK.
A new model is added to the list. Notice the Solver is set to Radioss.
10. Click Next > to continue to the Design Variables dialog.
11. Click Add Model Parameter.
The Model Parameters dialog opens.
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12. In the model tree, open the Shape, Drawbead, and Blankholder collectors.
13. Hold down the ctrl key and left-click to select all shapes, drawbead variables and blankholder variables,
except bh.friction.
14. Click Add. Notice all the selected variables are passed to the location under HyperStudy Parameters.
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This is the name of the input file created by HyperStudy for the RADIOSS solver.
23. Choose Radioss from the drop down menu as the Solver execution script.
The input to HyperForm will be part1b_opti.parm. You do not need to edit the Solver input
arguments field.
2.
When the operation is complete, a message is displayed: End executing model(s) for
approach ( Nom_1() )
3.
HyperStudy calls the RADIOSS solver to solve the model file without applying any design variables. This
is called a nominal run. A nom_run directory is created inside the study directory. The data to evaluate
the objective function is available under the file part1b_opti_opt.dat. The constraint can be
evaluated from the data under the file part1b_opti.dat. These two files are the output of the nominal
run.
4.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
2.
Define Vector 1 by choosing the following options from the pull-down menus in the lower right-hand
section of the Vectors tab:
Type:
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Request:
FLD
Component:
Distance 1
3.
4.
Click in the Response expression field window and enter the following expression: sum(v_1*v_1).
The meaning of this expression is: take a sum of the squares of the distance between each strain
coordinate and the quality function.
5.
6.
7.
Click OK.
Repeat the previous steps to create a second response -- Response_2 and click Add to create Vector
2.
2.
Click the browser button under the Vector resource file field and select the part1b_opti.dat file.
3.
Define Vector 2 by choosing the following options from the pull-down menus in the lower right-hand
section of the Vectors tab:
Type:
HyperForm Results
Request:
FLD
Component:
Thickness Strain
4.
5.
Click in the Response expression field window and enter the following expression: mean(sort(1,
v_2)[0:49:1]).
The meaning of the this expression is : 1) sort all the elemental thickness values in descending order, 2)
extract the top 50 values, and 3) calculate the mean of those values. The result is a scalar representing
the mean value of the top 50 thickness strain values in the model.
6.
7.
Click OK.
This completes the Study setup. You can now proceed to the desired study type whether it is a DOE,
Optimization, or Stochastic study.
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1.
2.
2.
3.
4.
Select Adaptive response Surface Method from the pull-down menu next to Optimization Engine.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Click OK.
9.
10. Click <= (less than): and type 25 under bound value.
This is to specify that the average of the thinning strain for the regions with the highest stretch levels
should be less than 25 percent. Such constraints are necessary to avoid localized defects which can
occur if an objective function, like the one used here, based on the whole model is left unconstrained.
11. Click Next > to continue to the Define objective dialog.
12. Click Add objective.
13. Click OK.
14. Select Response_1 from the Apply On drop-down field.
15. Select Minimize in the Goal drop-down field.
16. Select 100 for Maximum number of iterations:.
None of the other parameters need to be altered.
17. Click on the Advanced Parameters tab.
18. For the On failed analysis column, select ignore failed analysis.
When ignore failed analysis is selected, optimization takes a step back and attempts another
analysis when a failed analysis is detected.
19. Click Launch Optimization to launch the optimization.
20. Click Yes to A message window display "Do you wish to sk ip the solver run for starting point and extract
results from _nom run".
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An information window informs you about the way the optimization is run. Either interactive mode or
batch mode is possible. The mode can be changed by using the Tools drop down menu on the
HyperStudy menu bar and selecting Job management, and then Optimization Study.
21. After the optimization has finished, continue from the Post-processing window.
Open the file opti_1.hyperopt from study directory and go to the end of the file to find the iteration
number that corresponds to the optimal design.
2.
Open HyperForm and import the part1b_opti.parm file from the directory that corresponds to the
optimal run.
3.
4.
5.
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Result Mapping
The following Result Mapping tutorials are available:
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Exercise: Mapping the forming data from a STA file onto a Radioss mesh
This exercise uses the models:
EndOfFormingResults.sta
MeshToBeMapped_0000.rad
MeshToBeMapped_0001.rad
Click Start > Altair HyperWorks 11.0 > Manufacturing Solutions > Results Mapper
2.
In HyperCrash, click on File, then click Import and select Radioss, as shown in the figure below.
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3.
Browse and locate the file MeshToBeMapped_0000.rad. Click OK to open the file.
4.
The Import Choice for Units dialog is displayed. Click on Ignore and Import.
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5.
Click on Process and then select Results Mapper from the menu, as shown below.
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1.
2.
3.
Click on the file and click OK to bring the file into the session.
4.
Click on the model name as shown in the red box below to highlight it and click on the glasses icon
to display the model in the small screen.
Step 3: Position the STA file to align it with the target model
Upon loading the files, the STA file, which is in the forming coordinate system, and the target model, which is
in the car coordinate system, appear on top of each other as shown below:
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1.
2.
3.
Click on the arrow next to node Id below the header First couple of nodes.
4.
Pick the first node on the horizontal model shown on the left hand side of the image below.
5.
Rotate the model by ~90 degrees (press and hold the Ctrl button and left mouse button, move the mouse
to rotate) to make the second selection as shown on the right hand side of the image above.
6.
Follow steps 4 and 5 to select 2 more corner node pairs as the second couple of nodes and the third
couple of nodes. Refer to the image below:
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7.
Click on Optimize.
8.
9.
10. Click on Ok in the bottom left hand corner to validate and accept the positioning.
2.
Graphically select the structural model from the screen. The selected part name is displayed within the
Results Mapper in the right hand column.
3.
Click Yes on the right hand bottom corner of the screen as shown below.
4.
Click on Map Results at the bottom of the Result Mapper. The results are mapped and are shown in
the Results Mapper area.
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2.
In the Type of Value: field, select Plastic Strain from the drop down menu.
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Notice that the mapped data changes to Plastic Stain both for STA mesh and the structural mesh.
3.
Use the arrows in the On integration point: field to change the value in the box. Notice that the mapped
result type is automatically updated with the new data.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Make sure the Thickness, Plastic Strain and Stress Tensor fields are checked.
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Starting version 11.0, HyperWorks Results Mapper is in maintenance mode. Results Mapping
Using HyperCrash is recommended as a general purpose mapping tool.
Tools
To do results mapping using the Process Manager, first launch HyperView and then load the Process
Manager template file. Once the template file is loaded, the tutorial can be completed.
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Launch HyperView by clicking Start > Programs > Altair HyperWorks > HyperView.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click Open.
6.
In the Create/Open Process Instance dialog, enter a name and location in the appropriate fields to
create a new instance.
7.
Click Create/Open.
2.
Click Browse next to the File name: field and select the file containing the structural model mapping.hf.
3.
Click Import. The application automatically switches to HyperMesh and the User Profile dialog opens.
Accept the default user profile and click OK.
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Notice the structure file is imported into the Process Manager tab. The first step is checked with a
green mark indicating its completion.
Step 3: Select the structural part and its orientation for mapping
1.
Make sure the Components button is active. Click on Components and graphically select any element
from the displayed component to be mapped.
2.
3.
Click the node list button and select three nodes and a base node on a region of the selected
component so that the same region can be identified on the component from forming analysis. The
image below shows the location of the nodes on the structural model.
4.
Click Apply.
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In the tutorial folder, unzip HWRM_forming_result.zip. All the D3PLOTXX files form analysis results
previously created by LS-DYNA into the same folder.
2.
For both the Model file name: and Result file name: fields, click Browse and select the d3plot file
from the forming simulation, as shown in the image below.
3.
Click Import.
Note:
The operation opens a second window in HyperWorks Desktop. The window on the left
(HyperMesh) contains the structural model and the right window (HyperView) contains the formed
component.
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2.
Expand the Components folder. Right-click on Shell 2 and select Isolate to turn off the display of all
components except the blank (or the formed component).
3.
4.
Notice the structure and forming mesh are different as shown in the image below.
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With the yellow Components button highlighted as shown below, click on the formed part on the graphics
area to highlight it.
2.
Make sure that the N1 N2 N3 option is selected in the Aligning plane: field. If another option is
selected, click the toggle switch and select N1, N2, N3 option from the pull down menu as shown below:
3.
Highlight the displayed formed component by clicking on it once. With N1 highlighted, click on the nodes
of the formed component in an order as shown in the image below. Notice that this region corresponds
approximately to the same nodes of the structural part.
4.
From the Mapping Parameters pull-down list, select the parameter that needs to be mapped, such as
thickness, strain, etc. For this exercise, select Thickness.
5.
Verify that both Model scaling and Result scaling are set to 1.0.
6.
Click Apply.
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From the Templates: pull-down list select the format for export (example: RADIOSS (Bulk Data Format)
and OptiStruct, Nastran, LS-DYNA and Abaqus) as shown below. In this exercise, select Nastran.
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2.
Click the Browse button next to the File name field and specify the name result.dat for exporting.
3.
Click Save.
4.
Click Exec.
A new animation window opens displaying the contours of the mapped result on the structural model.
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5.
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Open the result.dat file using any ASCII text editor. Notice thickness results are mapped as nodal
thickness. This result.dat file can also be included in the model file for further analysis.
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Tools
Die Stress Analysis and Die Optimization features are under the Applications menu.
2.
From the Applications drop down menu, select Die Stress Analysis.
The Create/Open Process Instance dialog is displayed, as shown below.
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3.
4.
Click Create/Open.
and designate the folder where you want to run the analysis.
The Process Manager tab appears in the tab area. The Process Manager is a step by step approach
to preparing and running Die Stress Analysis.
In the panel area, Steel is shown as the default material in the Material field. Click Apply.
Notice that the white check mark turns green for Tool Material in the Process Manager tab.
Note:
Clicking on Apply at each step will turn the white check mark green in the Process Manager and
a white check appears for the next option.
2.
For the Result file field, select either Radioss or LS-Dyna as the stamping solver.
3.
Click on Browse and locate and load the results of the forming analysis. In this exercise you will use
the file LawnMower2A001.
4.
Click Apply. The Process Manager launches HyperView to query the model and create a list of
components that are available in the stamping model. Once the results are brought back into
HyperForm, you will be able to select which tool to extract the contact forces from.
5.
For the Result part field, select Punch and click Apply. This is the tool from which forces are extracted
at the last step of forming analysis. This will launch HyperView for a moment and will close on itself.
6.
Click on Components: and select the skin of the Die component from the screen. This will be the part
onto which the loads will be mapped.
7.
Click proceed.
8.
Click Apply.
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In the Model Browser, click on the plus symbol next to LoadCollector to expand the tree.
2.
Turn off the loads display by clicking on the mesh icon next to operational.
3.
Expand the Components folder, and click on the mesh icon to display the Punch_solid component.
2.
3.
Select the Holding component. Notice that the bolt location nodes of the die are highlighted on the
screen.
4.
Click select.
5.
Click proceed.
6.
Click Apply.
7.
Click on Nodes twice and select Lift. Notice the set of nodes on the die gets highlighted on the screen.
8.
Click select.
9.
Click proceed.
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Select the Design component under Status column, as shown in the figure below:
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Click on Apply.
3.
4.
5.
Click on Apply.
6.
7.
Click on Apply.
8.
9.
Click on Apply.
10. Next to the Export File: field, click on Browse and enter a file name with the extension .fem.
11. Click on Save.
12. Click on Export to create the input file for optimization.
13. Click on Export&Run to create the input file and run the optimization.
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