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Abstract
In this paper, an attempt has been made to summarize
the information about the human brain anatomy,
information about the brain tumor and cropping the exact
location of tumor. X-ray, MRI, Ultrasound etc. are
different techniques used to scanning brain tumor images.
Radiologist refers these images to get detail information
about tumor to analyze the diseases. Digital image
processing is one of the useful tools for preprocessing
images in medical area for getting more clear and exact
details in earlier stages. This is helpful to the physicians
and practitioner for diagnoses diseases.
1. INTRODUCTION
Imaging technology in Medicine helps doctor to
observe the interior portions of the human body for easy
diagnosis. Digital image processing is one of the tool by
which it easier to analyze medical images in short duration
which may helps the doctors for fast diagnosis. With the
help of digital image processing it is possible to detect,
identify and analysis of brain tumor can be done easily.
Brain tumor is the main cause of cancer death
worldwide. Brain tumor can affect people at any age.
Brain tumor is embedded in a brain, which result in
development of abnormalities. The earlier detection of
tumor is challenging task due to the structure of cells in
the brain as cells are in overlapped form. The detection of
brain tumor, its location and ability to spread quickly help
for proper treatment. By digital image processing
technique identification of diseases location is easier.
Digital image processing has an advantage like
reproducing original data again and again without any
change and enhance an image which helps the radiologist
for analysis.
Brain Anatomy:
The brain is one of the complex organs in the human
body. More than 100 billion nerves presents in human
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2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Famer, Jain et. al.[2005] proposed an algorithm for
CT scan brain tumor images. Brain tumor arises because
of an abnormal growth of cells within the brain or the
central spinal canal. All kind of tumors inside the central
spinal canal are considered as brain tumors. This
uncontrollable growth of cells necessary to control in
earlier stage for the server of patient. The expert doctors
take decision in the radiology lab by observing the tumor
directly based on their experience. So author has
developed a system using digital image processing. The
author has used CT-scan images for the detection and the
correct area of the brain that is infected. The algorithm
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Image Acquisition
Noise removal
Enhancement
Gray to Binary
conversion
3. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used in this paper
for identification and detection of a brain tumor with the
help of digital image processing. These MRI gives details
about the brain structure.
Our aim is to extract the tumor region from the MRI.
Figure 3 shows the steps that we followed for tumor
segmentation and cropping of tumor region from MRI.
Here we have used MRI images. Preprocessing is the first
step in this algorithm. These images are converted into
gray scale images of size 256x256. The noise contained in
these MRI images is essential to remove to get a clear
image for further processing. Different kinds of filter are
available to remove noise signal. The selection of filter is
based on the type of noise in an image. Here we have used
median filter. Median filter gives a smooth image. After
smoothing an image enhancement is next step. By image
enhancement it is possible to get finer details, prominent
edges of an object in an image and it also increases the
sharpness of an image. Image enhancement has done by
applying power law transform. Then the enhanced image
is segmented to separate out tumor region from MRI
image .There are different segmentation techniques like
local and global. We have used global thresholding for
segmentation. For segmentation first we have plotted the
histogram of an image. The threshold point we have
calculated from T1 (min) and T2 (max) values from
histogram. This threshold value segment an image to
white matter from gray matter. Then the last step is
Segmentation
Segmentation
Tumor Detection
Edge Detection
Measure textural
features of tumor region
4.
RESULT
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b. Segmentation of a
a. Segmentation of a
b. Erosion of a
b. Erosion of a
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Contra
st
Homogene
ity
Correlati
on
Energ
y
0.9526
0.9017
0.947
1.2532
0.9463
0.9455
0.377
7
0.435
3
Area
(in
Pixel)
956
328
1.
Correlatio
Energy
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
Figure 5:
images
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
5. CONCLUSION
REFERNCES
[1] Brain Tumor primer 9th edition ISBN-0-0944093-88-4
[2] Mubashir Ahmad, Mahmood ul-Hassan, Imran Shafi,
Abdelrahman Osman, Classification of Tumors in Human
Brain MRI using Wavelet and Support Vector Machine,
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSRJCE),Vol.
8,No. 2, (Nov. - Dec. 2012
[3] Farmer, M.E, Jain, A.K., A wrapper-based approach
to image segmentation and classification, Image
Processing, IEEE Transactions on journals and magazines,
vol.12, PP. 2060 2072, Dec. 2005.
[4] T. Logeswari and M. Karnan, An improved
implementation of brain tumor detection using
segmentation based on soft computing, Second
International Conference on Communication Software and
Networks. ICCSN, vol.2, No.4, PP.147-151,2010.
[5] Gopal, N.N. Karnan, M., Diagnose brain tumor
through MRI using image processing clustering
algorithms such as Fuzzy C Means along with intelligent
optimization techniques.
Computational Intelligence,
Vol.2. No.1, Pp. 1 4, March 2010. .
[6] Neha Tirpude, R.R.Welekar,A study of brain magnetic
resonance image segmentation techniques. International
Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and
communication Engineering, Vol.2, Issue.1, PP.958-963,
2013.
[7] Chandrakant Biradar, Shantkumari, Measurement
based human brain tumor recognitionby adapting support
vector machine. IOSR Journal of Engineering,Vol.3,Issue9, PP.26-31, Sep 2013.
[8] R. Rajeshwari, G.Gunase Karan, Tumor detection and
segmentation using watershed and hierarchical clustering
algorithms. International Journal of Innovative Research
in Computer and communication Engineering, Vol.2, pp.
311-318, 2014.
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