09 (Anal Add Math CD)

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 9
CHAPTER
Differentiation
1. (a) xlim
1 (3x 2) = 3(1) 2

=1
2. Gradient of the chord AB =
5
5
=
(b) xlim
4
2(4) 1
2x 1
5

=
7
(x 3)(x + 3)
x2 9
= xlim
(c) xlim
3
3
x3
(x 3)
lim

=
(x + 3)
x3
=3+3
=6
(x 1)(x 2)
x2 3x + 2
lim
(d) x 1 = xlim
1
(x 1)
x1
lim

= x 1 (x 2)
1
1
x+3
= xlim
0
2
0+3
=
2
3
=
2
=1
4. (a) y = 4x + 1............................. 1

y + dy = 4(x + dx) + 1.................. 2

2 1, dy = (4x + 4dx + 1) (4x + 1)
= 4dx
dy
= 4

dx
dy
dy
= dlim

x0
dx
dx
= lim (4)
x(x + 3)
x2 + 3x
= xlim
(f) xlim
0
0
2x
2x
= xlim
1
4
x
2
lim
= x
40
2
=
4
1
=
2
3. Substitute x = 2, y = a into y = x2 + 1,
a = 22 + 1
=5
52
Gradient of the chord PQ =
2 (1)
=12
= 1
2x
2x
x
lim
lim
= x
(e) x
4x 1
4x
1
1
4
4
1
2
2
1
4 +
4
1
2
2
15
2

4
5
3
1 2
dx 0
=4
(b) y = x2 4x............................................... 1

y + dy = (x + dx)2 4(x + dx)

y + dy = x2 + 2xdx + (dx)2 4x 4dx............ 2
2 1, dy = 2xdx + (dx)2 4dx

dy
4dx
(dx)2
2xdx
=
+

dx
dx
dx
dx
= 2x + dx 4
dy
dy
= dlim

x0
dx
dx
lim
=
(2x + dx 4)
1 2
dx 0
= 2x 4
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.
5. (a) Let y = x3 + 2x.................................................. 1

y + dy = (x + dx)3 + 2(x + dx)

= (x + dx)[x2 + 2xdx + (dx)2] + 2x + 2dx
= x3 + 2x2dx + x(dx)2 + x2dx + 2x(dx)2
+ (dx)3 + 2x + 2dx

y + dy = x 3 + 3x 2d x + 3x( d x) 2 + ( d x) 3 + 2x
+ 2dx................................................. 2
8. (a) y = 8x2
dy
= 16x

dx
dy
When x = 1, = 16(1)
dx
= 16
9
(b) y =
x3
= 9x3
dy
= (3)(9)x4

dx
27
=
x4
dy
27
When x = 1, =
dx
14

= 27
1
(c) y =
2x
1 1
= x
2
dy
1 2
= (1)

x
dx
2
1
= 2
2x
dy
1
When x = 2, =
dx
2(2)2
1

=
8
2 1, dy = 3x2dx + 3x(dx)2 + (dx)3 + 2dx

dy
= 3x2 + 3xdx + (dx)2 + 2
dx
dy
dy
= dlim
x0
dx
dx
= 3x2 + 2

1 2
Therefore, f(x) = 3x2 + 2
(b) Let y = 1 2x + 3x2........................................1

y + dy = 1 2(x + dx) + 3(x + dx)2
= 1 2x 2dx + 3[x2 + 2xdx + (dx)2]
= 1 2x 2dx + 3x2 + 6xdx + 3(dx)2

y + dy = 1 2x 2dx + 3x2 + 6xdx + 3(dx)2....2
2 1, dy = 2dx + 6xdx + 3(dx)2

dy
= 2 + 6x + 3dx

dx
dy
dy
= dlim

x0
dx
dx
= 2 + 6x
1 2
Therefore, f(x) = 2 + 6x
9. (a) y = 4x2 3x + 5
dy
= 8x 3

dx
6. Gradient of the tangent at the point A = 2(1)

=2
3
(b) y = 5x3 + 4
x

= 5x3 + 3x1 4
dy
= 15x2 3x2

dx
3
= 15x2
x2
2
(c) y = x5 2 + 1
3x
2
= x5 x2 + 1
3
dy
2 3
4
= 5x (2)
x

dx
3
4
= 5x4 + 3
3x
7. (a) y = 2x
dy
= 6x2

dx
3
(b) y =
x2
= 3x2
dy
= (2)(3)x3

dx
6
=
x3
3
1 2
x4
(c) y =
5
3
dy
4x
=

dx
5
1
(d) y =
6x
1
= x1
6
dy
1 2
= (1)

x
dx
6
1
= 2
6x
10. (a) f(x) = 4x2 + 5x

f(x) = 8x + 5
(b)
f(x) = 5x3 1

f(x) = 15x2
1 2
d
11. (a) (4x2 3x + 5)
dx

= 8x 3
d 8
(b) 4x + 3
dx x
d
= (8x1 4x + 3)
dx

= 8x2 4
8
4

=
x2
x
14. (a) y =
2x 3
dy
(2x 3)(1) x(2)
=

dx
(2x 3)2
2x 3 2x
=
(2x 3)2
3
=
(2x 3)2
1
12. (a) y = 8x2 x + 3
4
dy
1
= 16x

dx
4
x2 + 3
(b) y =
2x 5
dy
(2x 5)(2x) (x2 + 3)(2)
=

dx
(2x 5)2
2
4x 10x 2x2 6
=
(2x 5)2
2
2x 10x 6
=
(2x 5)2
2(x2 5x 3)
=
(2x 5)2
1
(b) y = x3 + 2
2x
1
= x3 + x2
2
dy
= 3x2 x3

dx
1
= 3x2
x3
4x 1
(c) y =
x2 + 1
(x2 + 1)(4) (4x 1)(2x)
dy
=

dx
(x2 + 1)2
2
4x + 4 8x2 + 2x
=
(x2 + 1)2
2
4x + 2x + 4
=
(x2 + 1)2
2(2x2 x 2)
=
(x2 + 1)2
1
(c) f(x) = x2 8x + 1
2
f
(x) = x 8
13. (a) y = (4x 1)(3x2)
dy
= (4x 1)(6x) + (3x2)(4)

dx
= 24x2 6x + 12x2
= 36x2 6x
= 6x(6x 1)
15. (a) y = (2x 1)10

dy
d
= 10(2x 1)9 (2x 1)

dx
dx
= 10(2x 1)9(2)
= 20(2x 1)9
(b) y = (1 2x)(4x + 3)
dy
= (1 2x)(4) + (4x + 3)(2)

dx
= 4 8x 8x 6
= 2 16x
= 2(1 + 8x)
(b) y = (1 + 4x)7
dy
= 7(1 + 4x)6(4)

dx
= 28(1 + 4x)6
1
(c) y = 2x + 1 (1 3x)
x
= (2 + 2x)(1 3x)
dy
= (2 + 2x)(3) + (1 3x)(2)

dx
= 6 6x + 2 6x
= 4 12x
= 4(1 + 3x)
(c) y = 2(x3 + 4)5

dy
= 5(2)(x3 + 4)4(3x2)

dx
= 30x2(x3 + 4)4
3
(d) y =
(2x + 1)4
= 3(2x + 1)4
dy
= (4)(3)(2x + 1)5(2)

dx
24
=
(2x + 1)5
(d) y = 4(x 4)
= 4(x2 8x + 16)
= 4x2 32x + 64)
dy
= 8x 32

dx
= 8(x 4)
2
(f) y = x3(2x 1)3

dy
= x3 3(2x 1)2(2) + (2x 1)3(3x2)

dx
= 6x3(2x 1)2 + (3x2)(2x 1)3
= 3x2(2x 1)2[2x + (2x 1)]
= 3x2(2x 1)2(4x 1)
1
(e) y =
4(x2 1)5
1
= (x2 1)5
4
dy
1
= (5) (x2 1)6(2x)

dx
4
5
= x(x2 1)6
2
5x
=
2(x2 1)6
1 2
17. (a) (i) y = 3x2 1

dy
= 6x
dx

Gradient of tangent at (1, 2) = 6(1)

=6
16. (a) y = 3x(1 2x)5

dy
= 3x 5(1 2x)4(2) + (1 2x)5(3)

dx
= 30x(1 2x)4 + 3(1 2x)5
= 3(1 2x)4[10x (1 2x)]
= 3(1 2x)4(12x 1)

(ii) Equation of tangent is
y 2 = 6(x 1)
y 2 = 6x 6
y = 6x 4
1
(iii) Gradient of normal =
6

Equation of normal is
1
y 2 = (x 1)
6
1
1
= x +
6
6
1
1
y = x + + 2
6
6
1
13
y = x +
6
6
x
(b) y =
(x2 4)3
= x(x2 4)3
dy
= x(3)(x2 4)4(2x) + (x2 4)3(1)

dx
= 6x2(x2 4)4 + (x2 4)3
= (x2 4)4[6x2 + (x2 4)]
= (x2 4)4(5x2 4)
5x2 4
=
(x2 4)4
x2 + 1
(c) y =
4x
x2
1
= +
4x
4x
x
1
= + x1
4
4
dy
1
1 2
= x

dx
4
4
1
1
= 2
4
4x
1
+3
(b) (i) y =
x2
y = x2 + 3
dy
= 2x3
dx
2
=
x3

Gradient of tangent at (1, 4)
2

=
(1)3

=2
(d) y = (4x 1)(x2 3)4

dy
= (4x 1) 4(x2 3)3(2x) + (x2 3)4(4)

dx
= 8x(4x 1)(x2 3)3 + 4(x2 3)4
= 4(x2 3)3[2x(4x 1) + (x2 3)]
= 4(x2 3)3(8x2 2x + x2 3)
= 4(x2 3)3(9x2 2x 3)

y 4 = 2(x + 1)
y = 2x + 2 + 4
y = 2x + 6

(iii) Equation of normal is

1
y 4 = (x + 1)
2
1
1
y = x + 4
2
2
1
7
y = x +
2
2
x2 + 3x 4
(e) y =
x+4
(x + 4)(x 1)
=
(x + 4)
= x 1
dy
= 1

dx
(b)
y = 1 3x x2................... 1
dy
= 3 2x
dx
dy
= 0,
dx

3 2x = 0
3
x =
2
(c) (i) y = 4(2x 1)3

dy
= 12(2x 1)2(2)
dx
= 24(2x 1)2

Gradient of tangent at (1, 4) = 24[2(1) 1]2

= 24

y 4 = 24(x 1)
y = 24x 24 + 4
y = 24x 20
3
Substitute x = into 1,
2
3
3 2
y = 1 3
2
2
9
9
= 1 +
2
4
13
=
4
3 13

Hence, the turning point is , .
2 4
(iii) Equation of normal is

1
y 4 = (x 1)
24
1
1
y 4 = x +
24
24
1
1
y = x + + 4
24
24
1
97
y = x +
24
24
Gradient of tangent at (2, 0)

= 2(2 2)2[1 2(2)]
=0
dy
dx
13
is a maximum point.
1 32 ,
4 2
dy
When = 0,
dx
3x2 4x = 0
x(3x 4) = 0
18. (a) y = 3x2 6x + 1....................................1

dy
= 6x 6

dx
dy

For turning point, = 0
dx

6x 6 = 0

x = 1
dy
dx
(c) y = x3 2x2 + 4........................ 1

dy
= 3x2 4x

dx
(iii) Equation of normal is x = 2
Substitute x = 1 into 1,
y = 3 6 + 1
= 2

Hence, the turning point is (1, 2).
dy
Sketch of
dx

y 0 = 0(x 2)
y = 0

(d) (i) y = x(2 x)3

dy
= x(3)(2 x)2(1) + (2 x)3(1)
dx
= 3x(2 x)2 + (2 x)3
= (2 x)2(3x + 2 x)
= (2 x)2(2 4x)
= 2(2 x)2(1 2x)
2 1
4
x = 0,
3
y = 4
4
Substitute x = into 1,
3
4 3
4 2
y = 2 + 4
3
3
64
32
= + 4
27
9
76
=
27
1 2
1 2
4 76
The turning points are (0, 4) and , .
3 27
dy
Sketch of
dx

(1, 2) is a minimum point.

5
For (0, 4),

x
dy
dx
4 76
For , ,
3 27
dy
dx
76
is a minimum point.
143 ,
27 2
20
= 2r2 + 2r
r2
40
= 2r2 +
r
dA
40
= 4r

r2
dr
40

0 = 4r
r2
40

= 4r
r2
40

r3 =
4
10
=
7
= 10
22
70
=
22
r = 1.471
18
dy
Sketch of
dx

(1, 4) is a minimum point.
(1, 4) is a maximum point.
20. Volume = 20 cm3

r2h = 20
20
h =
r2
Surface area, A = 2r2 + 2rh
The turning points are (1, 4) and (1, 4).

x
18
Maximum area = xy

= 25 25

= 625 unit2
y = 2(1)3 + 6(1)
= 2 + 6
= 4
dy
dx
y = 25
d2A
= 2 , 0
dx2
Therefore, A is a maximum when x = 25 and y = 25.
y = 2(1)3 + 6(1)
= 2 6
= 4
For (1, 4),
Substitute 1 into 2,
A = x(50 x)
= 50x x2
dA
= 50 2x
dx
0 = 50 2x
x = 25
y = 2x3 + 6x.....................1
dy
= 6x2 + 6

dx

0 = 6x2 + 6
2
6(x 1) = 0
6(x + 1)(x 1) = 0

x = 1, 1
Area, A = xy...................................2
(d)
19.
x + y = 50
y = 50 x.................................1
dy
Sketch of
dx

dy
Sketch of
dx
(0, 4) is a maximum point.
dy
dx
dy
Sketch of
dx

For (1, 4),
20
h = 2
r
7 20
= 2
22(1.471)
= 2.941
dr
dr
dV
=
dV
dt
dt
1
= 2 (9)
4r
9
= 2
4r
9
=
4 32
1
= cm s1
4
d2A
80

= 4 +
r3
dr2
80
= 4 +
.0
1.4713
Hence, the area is a minimum when r = 1.471 and
h = 2.941.
25. y = 3x 1
dy
= 3
dx
x = 2.01 2
= 0.01 unit
dr
= 0.1 cm s1
21.
dt
A = r2
dA

= 2r
dr
dA
dA
dr
=
dt
dr
dt
= 2r (0.1)
= 2(5) (0.1)
= cm2 s1
dy
dy

dx
dx
dy
y = x
dx
= 3(0.01)
= 0.03 unit
26. y = x2 + 4
dy
= 2x
dx
22. y = x2 2x
dy
= 2x 2
dx
dx
= 8 when x = 3,
dt
dy
dy
dx
=
dx
dt
dt
= (2x 2)(8)
= (2 3 2)(8)
= 32 units s1
x = 1.9 2
= 0.1 unit
dy
y = x
dx
= 2x(0.1)
= 2(2)(0.1)
= 0.4 unit
dx
3.2 3.0
23. =
2
dt
= 0.1 cm s1
2
27. y =
x
= 2x1
dy
2
=
dx
x2
y = 3.001 3
= 0.001 unit
y = 3x2 1
dy
= 6x
dx
dy
=
dt
=
=
=
dy
dx

dx
dt
(6x)(0.1)
(6 3.1)(0.1)
1.86 cm s1
When y = 3,
2
x =
y
2
=
3
dV
24. = 9 mm3 s1
dt
4
V = r3
3
dV
=
dr
=
4
3r2
3
4r2
1
(b) y =
x2
dy
2
=

dx
x3
dx
dx

dy
dy
dx
x =
y
dy
x2
= (0.001)
2
2 2
3 (0.001)
=
2
= 0.00022 unit
1 2
When x = 4,
dy
1
=

dx
32

x = 3.9 4.0
= 0.1
1
1
=
+ dy
3.92
42
dy
1
= + x
dx
16
1
1
= + (0.1)
32
16

= 0.06563

28. y = x2
dy
= 2x
dx
When x = 3,
dy
= 2(3)
dx
= 6
30. (a) y = AB
x
(a) 3.12 = 32 + y
dy

= 9 + x
dx

= 9 + (6)(0.1)

= 9.6
= x 2
x = 3.1 3
= 0.1
(b) 2.92 = 32 + y
dy

= 9 + x
dx

= 9 + (6)(0.1)

= 9 0.6

= 8.4
dy
1 2
= x
dx
2
1
=
x
2AB
x = 2.9 3
= 0.1
When x = 4,
dy
1
=

dx
4
2AB
1
=
4
1
29. (a) y =
x2
y = x2
dy
2
=

dx
x3

x = 4.1 4
= 0.1

1
= 2 + (0.1)
4
= 2.025
dy
dx
1
= AB
4 + (0.1)
4
0.1

= 2
4

= 1.975
(b)
1
1
=
+ y
4.12
42
dy
1
= + x
dx
16
ABB
3.9 = AB
4 + x
31. (a) y = 5x3 + 4x + 1

dy
= 15x2 + 4

dx
d2y
= 30x

dx2
1
1
= + (0.1)
16
32
0.1
1
=
32
16

= 0.05938
dy
dx
ABB
4.1 = AB
4 + x
When x = 4,
dy
2
=

dx
43
1

=
32

x = 4.1 4
= 0.1
x = 3.9 4
= 0.1
(b) y = (4x2 1)5

dy
= 5(4x2 1)4(8x)

dx
= 40x(4x2 1)4
d2y

= 40x 4(4x2 1)3(8x) + (4x2 1)4(40)
dx2
= 1280x2(4x2 1)3 + 40(4x2 1)4
y = 5 2x2 + 4x
dy
= 4x + 4
dx

4x + 4 = 0
x = 1
(b)
y = 5 2(1)2 + 4(1)
= 7
d2y

= 4 , 0
dx2

The turning point (1, 7) is a maximum point.
2
(c) y =
x3
= 2x3
dy
= 3(2x4)

dx
= 6x4
d2y

= 24x5
dx2
24
=
x5
1
y = x3 2x2 + 50
3
dy
= x2 4x
dx
x2 4x = 0
x(x 4) = 0
x = 0, 4
1
When x = 0, y = (0)3 2(0)2 + 50
3

= 50
1
When x = 4, y = (4)3 2(4)2 + 50
3
64

= 32 + 50
3
1

= 39
3
d2y

= 2x 4
dx2
(c)
32. (a) f(x) = 4x3 1

f(x) = 12x2

f(x) = 24x
(b) f(x) = 5x2 + 4x 3

f(x) = 10x + 4
1
(c) f(x) = 3 5
2x
x3
= 5
2
3

f(x) = x4
2
12

f(x) = x5
2
6
=
x5
33. (a)
Therefore, (0, 50) is a maximum point.

1

For turning point 4, 39 ,
3
d2y

= 2(4) 4
dx2

=4.0
y = 4x 4x + 1
dy
= 8x 4

dx

8x 4 = 0
4
x =
8
1
=
2
2
1
y = x3 + x2 + 3x
3
dy
2
= x + 2x + 3

dx
2
x + 2x + 3 = 0
x2 2x 3 = 0
(x 3)(x + 1) = 0

x = 3, 1
(d)
1 2
1
Therefore, 4, 39 is a minimum point.
3
1 2
1
y = 4 4 + 1
2
2
= 0
d2y

=8.0
dx2
1

The turning point , 0 is a minimum point.
2
1 2
For turning point (0, 50),

d2y
= 4 , 0
dx2
1
When x = 3, y = (3)3 + 32 + 3(3)
3

= 9 + 9 + 9

=9
2. Gradient function = px + k
dy
= px + k

dx
1
Since (, 0) is a turning point,
2
dy
1
= 0 when x =
dx
2
1

0 = p + k
2
p
+ k = 0........................................... 1
2
1
Given gradient of normal at x = 2 is .
12
\ Gradient of tangent at x = 2 is 12.
dy
= 12 when x = 2
dx
12 = p(2) + k
2p + k = 12......................................... 2
1
When x = 1, y = (1)3 + (1)2 + 3(1)
3
1

=+13
3
2

= 1
3
5

=
3
2
d y

= 2x + 2
dx2

For turning point (3, 9),
d2y

= 2(3) + 2
dx2

= 4 , 0

Therefore, (3, 9) is a maximum point.
5

For turning point 1, ,
3
d2y
= 2(1) + 2

dx2

=2+2

=4>0
5
Therefore, 1, is a minimum point.
3
1 2
p
2 1, 2p = 12
2
p
4p
= 12

2
2
3
p = 12

2
y = x3 2x + 1
dy
= 3x2 2

dx
d2y
= 6x

dx2
dy
d2y
+ y = x3 8

dx2
dx
6x + 3x2 2 x3 + 2x 1 = x3 8
3x2 + 8x + 5 = 0
(3x + 5)(x + 1) = 0
5
x = , 1
3
34.
1.
2
p = 12
3
= 8

Substitute p = 8 into 2,
2(8) + k = 12

k = 12 16
= 4
\ p = 8, k = 4.
1
3. f(x) =
(2 3x)4
= (2 3x)4
f(x) = 4(2 3x)5(3)
= 12(2 3x)5
f(x) = 5(12)(2 3x)6(3)
= 180(2 3x)6
d x 1 = f(x)
dx x + 3
f(x) dx = 1
2
2
= 1
2
= 1
2
3
1
f (1) = 180(1)6
= 180
f(x)dx
x1
x+3
y = 5x + x2
dy
= 5 + 2x
dx
dy
dy = dx
dx
= (5 + 2x)dx
= [5 + 2(2)](0.1)
= (9)(0.1)
= 0.9
11 01
1+3
0+3
= 1 0 + 1
2
3
= 1
6
4. dx = 1.9 2
= 0.1
10
5. P = 100
V

P = 100V1
dP = 100
dV
V2
dy
For minimum y, = 0
dx

14x 21 = 0
21

x =
14
3
=
2

dP = (5 + P) 5
= P
3 3
(b) Minimum y = 7 3
2 2
3
3

=7
2
2
63

=
4
dP = dP
dV
dV
dP

dV =
dP
dV
P
=
100
(5)2
= P
4
1 21
1 21
Using
3
8. y =
x 2x
y = 3x1 2x
dy
= 3x2 2
dx
3
=
2
x2
6. (a)
y = 2x2 + 5x

0 = 2k2 + 5k

k(2k + 5) = 0
5
k = 0, k =
2
5
Since k > 0, \k =
2
dy
3
When x = 3, = 2
dx
9
7

=
3
dy
= 5
dt
dx
dx dy
=
dt
dt
dy
(b)
y = 2x2 + 5x
Substitute
dy
= 4x + 5

x= 5
dx
2
5
= 4 + 5
2
= 5
m1m2 = 1
1 2
3
= (5)
7
15

= units per second
7
1
5
Gradient of normal at P , 0 is
5
2
\ Equation of normal at point P
y0
1
=
5
5
x
2
1
5

y = x
5
2
1
1

y = x
2
5
9. y = 4kx2 + 6x
dy
= 8kx + 6

dx
8k(3) + 6 = 10
24k = 4
4
k =
24
1
=
6
7. (a) y = 7x(x 3)
= 7x2 21x
dy
= 14x 21

dx
d2y
= 14

dx2
1
10. V = h3 + 12h
3
dV
= h2 + 12
dh
dV
When h = 3, = 9 + 12
dh

= 21
11
(2 x)(2 + x)
4 x2
= xlim
3. xlim
2
2
(x 2)
x2
lim
= x 2 [(2 + x)]

= 4
dV
Given = 7 cm3 s1
dt
dh
dh
dV
=
dt
dV
dt
1
= 7
21
1
= cm s1
3
11.
4. y = 2xx + 4x2
dy
= 2x + 8x
dx
dy
= dlim
x 0 (2x + 8x)
dx
= 2x
0.4 m
0.4 m
rm
hm
5. y = 4x(x2 1)5
dy
d
d
= 4x (x2 1)5 + (x2 1)5 (4x)
dx
dx
dx
= 4x 5(x2 1)4(2x) + (x2 1)5(4)
= 40x2(x2 1)4 + 4(x2 1)5
Let r be the radius, h be the height and V be the

volume of oil.
dV
dh
Given = p, = 0.1
dt
dt
0.4
r
=

0.4
h
= 1
Therefore, r = h
2
6. f(x) =
(1 4x)3

= 2(1 4x)3
1
V = r2h
3
1
V = h3
3
dV
= h2
dh
dV
dV
dh
=
dt
dh
dt
p = h2 0.1
f(x) = (3)(2)(1 4x)4(4)

24
=
(1 4x)4
24
\ f(0) =
1

= 24
d x1
7.
dx 4 x2
When h = 0.2,
p = (0.2)2(0.1)
= 0.004
=
=
=
x2 2x
1. xlim
= xlim
0
0 (x 2)
x

= 2
2x
2x
x
lim
2. xlim

=
x
1+x
1
+
x
x
2
= xlim
x +1
2
=
0+1

=2
1 2
1
d
d
(4 x2) (x 1) (x 1) (4 x2)
dx
dx
(4 x2)2
2
(4 x )(1) (x 1)(2x)
(4 x2)2
2
4 x + 2x2 2x
(4 x2)2
2
x 2x + 4
(4 x2)2
d x2 1
8.
dx x + 1
d (x + 1)(x 1)
=
dx
(x + 1)
d
= (x 1)
dx
=1
12
1
9. y = 5x3 + 2
x
y = 5x3 x1 + 2
dy
= 15x2 + x2
dx
d2y
2 = 30x 2x3
dx
2
= 30x
x3
The gradient at the point (1, 1)

= 6(1 2)4
6
=
1
= 6
15. y = (x 1)(x + 1)
y = x2 1
dy
= 2x
dx
10. f(x) = 2(3 4x)6

f(x) = 62(3 4x)5(4)
= (48)(3 4x)5
f(x) = 48 5(3 4x)4(4)
= 960(3 4x)4
The gradient of the tangent at the point (1, 0)

= 2(1)
=2
16. y = x2 + 4x
dy
= 2x + 4
dx
The gradient of the tangent at the point (1, 5)
= 2(1) + 4
=6
f(1) = 960(1)4
= 960
11. y = 2x(x + 3)
y = 2x2 + 6x
dy
= 4x + 6
dx
Therefore, the gradient of the normal at the point

1
(1, 5) is .
6
When x = 2,
dy
= 4(2) + 6
dx

= 14
17. y = (2x + 5)2

dy
= 2(2x + 5)(2)
dx
= 4(2x + 5)
12. y = 4x3 5x2 + 2x 10

dy
= 12x2 10x + 2
dx
dy
When = 4,
dx
2
12x 10x + 2 = 4
12x2 10x 2 = 0
6x2 5x 1 = 0
(6x + 1)(x 1) = 0
1
x = , 1
6
Given gradient of the tangent is 8.

dy
= 8

dx
4(2x + 5) = 8
2x + 5 = 2
2x = 7
7
x =
2
7
Substitute x = into y = (2x + 5)2,
2
2
7
y = 2 + 5
2
=4
7
Therefore, the coordinates are , 4 .
2
31
13. y = (4 3x)5
dy
= 5(4 3x)4(3)
dx
= 15(4 3x)4
2 4
The gradient function is 15(4 3x) .

4
18. y = 3(4x 5)2 + 6

dy
= 6(4x 5)(4)
dx
= 24(4x 5)
1
14. y =
(1 + 2x)3
y = (1 + 2x)3
dy
= 3(1 + 2x)4(2)
dx
= 6(1 + 2x)4
The gradient of the tangent for the point with gradient

1
of the normal is 2.
2
13
20. y = 2x2 + ax + b........................1

dy
= 4x + a
dx
dy
= 2
dx
24(4x 5) = 2

1
4x 5 =
12
1
4x = 5
12
59
=
12
59
x =
48
Given the gradient at the point (1, 5) is 8.

4(1) + a = 8
a = 4
Substitute x = 1, y = 5 and a = 4 into 1,
5 = 2(1)2 + 4(1) + b
b = 1
2
21. y =
x + 4x
= 2x1 + 4x
dy
2
=
+4
dx
x2
59
Substitute x = into y = 3(4x 5)2 + 6,
48
59
y = 3 4
48
59
= 3
12
1
= 3
12
1
= 3
144
1
= + 6
48
289
=
48
3 1 2 54
1
+6
2
The gradient of the tangent at (1, 6) =
+4
12

=2
5 +6
2
2+6
+6
The equation of the tangent is

y 6 = 2(x 1)
y = 2x 2 + 6
y
= 2x + 4
4

22. y =
(3x 1)2
2
= 4(3x 1)
dy
= 8(3x 1)3(3)
dx
24
=
(3x 1)3
59 289
Therefore, the coordinates are , .
48 48
p
+ qx 1.......................1
19. y =
x2
2
y = px + qx 1
dy
= 2px3 + q
dx
2p
=
+q
x3
Given the gradient of the tangent at the point
(1, 3) is 14.
2p

+ q = 14
(1)3
2p + q = 14..........................2
At the point (0, 4), the gradient of the tangent

24
=
(1)3
= 24
1
Therefore, the gradient of the normal is .
24
Hence, the equation of the normal is
1
y 4 = (x 0)
24
1
y = x + 4
24
Substitute x = 1, y = 3 into 1 since the point

(1, 3) lies on the curve 1,
p
3 =
+ q(1) 1
(1)2
3 = p q 1
p q = 2.
.=.....................................3
2
23. y = x3 6x2 + 3
dy
= 3x2 12x
dx
For the tangent parallel to the x-axis, gradient = 0
dy
Therefore, = 0
dx
3x2 12x = 0
3x(x 4) = 0
x = 0, 4
2 + 3, 3p = 12
p = 4
4 q = 2
q = 6
14
When x = 0,
y = 03 6(0)2 + 3
=3
27. y = x3 + 6x2 9x 2..........................1

dy
= 3x2 + 12x 9
dx
dy
= 0
For stationary points,
dx

3x2 + 12x 9 = 0
Divide by (3),
x2 4x + 3 = 0
(x 1)(x 3) = 0
x = 1, 3
When x = 4,
y = 43 6(4)2 + 3
= 64 96 + 3
= 29
Hence, the points are (0, 3) and (4, 29).
Substitute x = 1 and x = 3 into 1 respectively,

When x = 1, y = 1 + 6 9 2

= 6
When x = 3, y = (3)3 + 6(3)2 9(3) 2

= 27 + 54 27 2

= 2
24. Substitute y = 8 into y = x2 + 4x + 4,

8 = x2 + 4x + 4
x2 4x + 4 = 0
(x 2)2 = 0
x = 2
Therefore, p = 2 and q = 8.
The stationary points are (1, 6) and (3, 2).

d2y
= 6x + 12
dx2
d2y
= 6(1) + 12
For point (1, 6),
dx2

=6.0
25. y = x2(x 3) 1
y = x3 3x2 1.........................1
dy
= 3x2 6x
dx
dy
For stationary point, = 0
dx
3x2 6x = 0
3x(x 2) = 0
x = 0, 2
d2y
= 6(3) + 12
For point (3, 2),
dx2

= 6 , 0
Therefore, the minimum point is (1, 6).
Substitute x = 0 and x = 2 into 1 respectively,

When x = 0, y = 1
When x = 2, y = 23 3(2)2 1

= 8 12 1

= 5
28. p = x2y and x + y = 10

y = 10 x......................... 1
Substitute 1 into p = x2y,
p = x2(10 x)
= 10x2 x3
dp
= 20x 3x2
dx
dp
When = 0,
dx
20x 3x2 = 0
x(20 3x) = 0
20
x = 0, x =
3
Therefore, the stationary points are (0, 1) and

(2, 5).
26. y = px2 + qx + 4........................1
dy
= 2px + q
dx
dy
= 0 at the point (1, 5).
dx
2p(1) + q = 0
2p + q = 0
q = 2p.............................2
d 2p
= 20 6x
dx2
d2p
For x = 0, 2 = 20 6(0)
dx
= 20 . 0
20 d2p
20
For x = , 2 = 20 6
dx
3
3
= 20 40
= 20 , 0
Substitute x = 1, y = 5 into 1,

5 = p(1)2 + q(1) + 4
p q = 1. ........................................3
=1
1 2
p 2p = 1
p = 1
p = 1
20
Therefore, for p to be maximum, x = .
3
q = 2(1).
= 2(1)
= 2
15
29. y = (2x 1)3

dy
= 3(2x 1)2(2)
dx
= 6(2x 1)2
32. pv = 20
20
p =
v
= 20v1
dp
= 20v2
dv
20
=
v2
When v = 2,
dp
20
=
and v = 2.01 2
dv
22
= 0.01

= 5
dx
Given = 2
dt
dy
dy dx
=
dt
dx
dt

= 6(2x 1)2(2)

= 12(2x 1)2
When x = 1,
dy
= 12(1)2
dt

= 12 units per second
dp
p = v
dv
= (5)(0.01)
= 0.05
30. h = xy
h = (1 2t)(1 + 3t)
dh
= (1 2t)(3) + (1 + 3t)(2)
dt
= 3(1 2t) 2(1 + 3t)
= 3 6t 2 6t
= 1 12t
2
33. y =
x 5
= 2x1 5
dy
= 2x2
dx
2
= 2
x
When t = 2,
dh
= 1 12(2)
dt

= 23
When x = 2,
dy
2
=
and y = 1.9 2
dx
22
= 0.1
1

=
2
dx
dx

dy
dy
dx
dx = dy
dy
= (2)(0.1)
= 0.2
1
1
1v
31.
u =
7
uv
1

=
vu
7
7u 7v = uv
uv + 7v = 7u
v(u + 7) = 7u
7u
v =
u+7
dv
(u + 7)(7) (7u)(1)
=
du
(u + 7)2
7u + 49 7u
=
(u + 7)2
49
= 2
(u + 7)
du
Given = 12
dt
dv
dv du
=
dt
du dt
49
= 2 12
(u + 7)
49
= 2 12
12
49
= units s1
12
34. y = 2x2 + 3
dy
= 4x
dx
When x = 4,
dy
= 4(4) and x = 4.1 4
dx

= 16
= 0.1
dy
y = x
dx
= 16(0.1)
= 1.6
dy
1.6
100
100 =
y
2(4)2 + 3
1.6 100
=
35

= 4.57%
16
3
1
= 3 3
(1.01)3
(1.01)
27
35. y =
x3
= 27x3
dy
= 81x4
dx
81
=
x4
When x = 3,
dy
81 and x = 3.01 3
=
dx
34
= 0.01

= 1
1 + y
= 3
13
dy
= 3 1 + x
dx
= 3[1 + (3)(0.01)]
= 2.91
1
1
38. (a) y = 4t2 + t................................1

x = 1 2t
x ...............................2

t = 1
2
27
27 + y
3 =
33
(3.01)
dy

= 1 + x
dx

= 1 + (1)(0.01)

= 1 0.01

= 0.99
x 2 + 1
x
y = 4 1
2
2
(1 x)2
1x
1
= 4 +
2
2
4
1
1
2
= (1 x) + x
2
2
dy
1
= 2(1 x)(1)

2
dx
1
= 2 + 2x
2
5
= 2x
2
4
36. y =
x2
= 4x2
dy
= 8x3
dx
8
=
x3
When x = 2,
dy
8
=
23
dx

= 1
4 1
(b) When t = 2, x = 1 2(2)

= 3
x = 1.9 2
= 0.1
When t = 2.01, x = 1 2(2.01)

= 3.02

x = 3 (3.02)
= 0.02
4 =
4 + y
1.92
22
dy

= 1 + x
dx

= 1 + (1)(0.1)

= 1 + 0.1

= 1.1
dy
5
When x = 3, = 2(3)
2
dx
5

= 6
2
17

=
2
dy

y = x
dx
17 (0.02)
=
2
= 0.17
1
37. y =
x3
= x3
dy
= 3x4
dx
3
=
x4
39. (a) y = 2t2 + 1, x = 1 2t

dy
dx
= 2
= 4t

dt
dt
dy
dy
dt
=

dx
dt
dx
1

= 4t
2

= 2t
When x = 1,
dy
= 3
dx
x = 1.01 1
= 0.01
17
3x2 + 6x 9 = 0

x2 + 2x 3 = 0
(x 1)(x + 3) = 0

x = 1, 3
(b) When x = 3,
3 = 1 2t
2
t =
2
t
= 1
When x = 1,
y = x3 + 3x2 7x + 2
= 13 + 3(1)2 7(1) + 2
= 1 + 3 7 + 2
= 1
dy
= 2(1)

dx

=2
40. (a) y = x2 4x + 1
dy
= 2x 4

dx
d2y
=2

dx2
When x = 3,
y = x3 + 3x2 7x + 2
= (3)3 + 3(3)2 7(3) + 2
= 27 + 27 + 21 + 2
= 23
dy 2
d2y
+ y = 2x + 1
2
dx
dx

2 + (2x 4)2 (x2 4x + 1) = 2x + 1

2 + 4x2 16x + 16 x2 + 4x 1 2x 1 = 0
3x2 14x + 16 = 0
(x 2)(3x 8) = 0
8

x = 2,
3

1 2
(b) Another point is (3, 23).

42. (a) Area of the shaded region

= Area of OAB Area of rectangle OPQR
1 5 10 xy
=
2

= 25 xy
dy
= kx 5
dx
y + 7x 5 = 0

y = 7x + 5

The gradient of the tangent at the point
(1, 12) is 7.
(b) (i)
Gradient of AB = Gradient of QA
10 0 y 0
=
x5
05

y
= 2(x 5)

y = 2x + 10
dy
Therefore, = 7 when x = 1.
dx
kx 5 = 7
k(1) 5 = 7

k = 2
k = 2

Therefore, the area of the shaded region,
A = 25 x(2x + 10)
= 25 + 2x2 10x
(b)
A = 2x2 10x + 25
dA
d2A
=4.0
= 4x 10,
dx
dx2
4x 10 = 0
10
x
=
4
5
=
2
1
(ii) The gradient of the normal =
7
The equation of the normal is

1 (x + 1)
y 12 =
7
1 + 12
y = 1 x +
7
7
85
1
y = x +
7
7
5 2 10
5
Minimum area = 25 + 2
2
2
50
25

= 25 +
2
2
25

= 25
2
25

=
2

41. (a) y = 2x 3 has a gradient of 2 at point P.

y = x3 + 3x2 7x + 2
dy
= 3x2 + 6x 7

dx
dy
= 2

dx
3x2 + 6x 7 = 2
Therefore, the coordinates of P are (1, 1).
1 2
43. (a)
Perimeter = 120
y + y + 8x + 2(60 9x) = 120
2y + 8x + 120 18x = 120

2y = 10x

y = 5x
18
1 2
The area of the diagram

= Area of rectangle ABCE + Area of CDE
1 (8x)(ABBBBBB
y2 16xB2 )
= 8x(60 9x) +
2
25x2 16x2
= 480x 72x2 + 4xABBBBBBBB
= 480x 72x2 + 4x(3x)
= 480x 72x2 + 12x2
= 480x 60x2
dA
When = 0,
dx
16

16 x = 0
3
16 x = 16

3

x
=3
8 (6 x),
Substitute x = 3 into y =
3
8 3
y =
3
= 8

For the area of the rectangle to be largest, x = 3
and y = 8.
(b) A = 480x 60x2

dA
= 480 120x

dx
d2A

= 120 , 0
dx2
dA
= 0,
When
dx
480 120x = 0

x = 4
45. (a)
E
10x cm
Therefore, x = 4 for the area to be maximum.
44. (a)
M
(10 8x) cm
A
cm
10
S
A
10
y cm
M
16 cm
cm
R
Volume of the solid, V

= Area of trapezium BC
1 (8x)(10 8x + 10 2x) 5
=
2

= 20x(20 10x)

= 400x 200x2
(b) (i)
V = 400x 200x2
dV
= 400 400x
dx
dV
= 0
dx

400 400x = 0

x = 1
d2V

= 400 , 0
dx2
Therefore, V is a maximum when x = 1.
8 (6 x)
=x
3
8x
= x 16
3
8 x2
= 16x
3
3
1

In ABM,
AM 2 = AB2 BM2
= 102 82
= 36 cm
AM = 6 cm

Since ABC and ASR are similar, then
y
6x
=

16
6
16(6 x)
y =
6
8(6 x)
=
3

Area of rectangle PQRS, A = xy

EM
= EF MF
= 100x2 64x2
= 36x2
EM = 6x cm
EA = 6x + 10 8x
= (10 2x) cm
2
x cm
B
8x cm
4
2

(ii) Maximum value of V = 400(1) 200(1)2

= 200
8 x2
(b) A = 16x
3
dA
16
x
= 16
3
dx
2
d A
16 , 0

=
3
dx2
2x
46. (a) Height of the box =
2
2x

Volume of the box, V = (x)(x)
2
x
2

=x 1
2
1
2

= x x3
2
19
1 x3
(b) V = x2
2
dV
3 x2
= 2x

2
dx
48. (a) y = px2 4x + 1

dy
= 2px 4

dx
When x = 4, the gradient of the tangent is 0.

Therefore, 0 = 2p(4) 4

8p = 4
1

p =
2
dV
When = 0,
dx
3 x2 = 0
2x
2
3 x = 0
x 2
2
4

x = 0,
3
d2V

=
2
3x
dx2
d2V
When x = 0,
=2.0
dx2
1 (4)2 4(4) + 1
(b) When x = 4, y =
2

= 8 16 + 1

= 7
49.
d V
4 ,
4
= 2 3
When x =
3 dx2
3

= 2 , 0
2
Equation of the tangent is y = 7.

y
1 2
y = x 2 8x + 12
P(a, b)
Therefore, the volume is a maximum when

4.
x=
3
47. (a) Volume of the cylinder = 81 cm3

r2h = 81
81
h =
r2
Let the point of contact between the tangent and the

curve be P(a, b).
y = x2 8x + 12
dy
= 2x 8
dx
Gradient of the tangent at point P is 2a 8.
b+8
Gradient of PA =
a4
b+8
= 2a 8
a4
b + 8 = (a 4)(2a 8)
= 2a2 16a + 32
b
= 2a2 16a + 24....................................... 1
1 2
(b) A = 3r2 + 162r1

dA
= 6r 162r2

dr
162
= 6r
r2
dA
When = 0,
dr
162
=0

6r
r2
162

6r =
r2

r3 = 27

r = 3
Substitute x = a, y = b into y = x2 8x + 12,

b = a2 8a + 12................................................... 2
1 = 2, 2a2 16a + 24 = a2 8a + 12
a2 8a + 12 = 0
(a 2)(a 6) = 0
a = 2, 6
Substitute a = 2 into 2,
b = 4 16 + 12
=0
b = 36 48 + 12
=0
d2A
324
= 6 +
dr2
r3
When r = 3,
d2A

= 18 . 0
dr2

Therefore, the total surface area is a minimum
when r = 3.

A(4, 8)
4r2
Total surface area, A = r2 + 2rh +
2

= r2 + 2rh + (2r2)

= 3r2 + 2rh
81

= 3r2 + 2r
r2
162

= 3r2 +
r

P(a, b)
Gradient of the tangent PA = 2(2) 8

= 4
\ Equation of the tangent is
y 0 = 4(x 2)
y = 4x + 8
20
Gradient of the another tangent = 2(6) 8

=4
dp
(b) Given = 6 units s1
dt
p = 3x + 2
dp
= 3

dx
Equation of the second tangent is

y 0 = 4(x 6)
y = 4x 24
dx
dx dp
=
dt
dp dt
1 (6)
=
3

= 2 units s1

50. y = x(x2 4)
y = x3 4x
dy
= 3x2 4
dx
d2y

= 6x
dx2
d2y
dy
x
+ = x(6x) + (3x2 4)
dx2
dx

= 9x2 4
d2y
dy
x
+ , 0
dx2
dx
9x2 4 , 0
(3x 2)(3x + 2) , 0
dA
= 10 cm2 s1
dt
Area, A = r2
dA
= 2r
dr
53.
Let p be the perimeter,

p = 2r
dp
= 2
dr
dp
dp dA
=
dt
dA dt
dp
dr
dA
=
dr
dA
dt
2.
2 ,x,
Therefore, the range is
3
3
1 (10)
= (2)
2r
10
=
r
dp
10
When r = 10, =
10
dt

= cm s1
dr
51. (a) = 0.3 cm s1
dt
6

Time taken =
0.3

= 20 seconds
(b) A =
dA
=

dr
dA
=

dt
r2
dV
54. Given = 30 cm3 s1
dt
2r
4 r3
Volume of the sphere, V =
3
dV

\ = 4r2
dr
dA
dr

dr
dt
dr
= 2r
dt
= 2(4)(0.3)
= 2.4

1 2
Surface area of the sphere, A = 4r2

dA
= 8r

dr
The area is decreasing at the rate of 2.4 cm2 s1.
dA
dA dV
=
dt
dV dt
dA dr dV
=
dr dV dt
52. (a) x2y + 1 = 3y + x

x2y 3y = x 1
y(x2 3) = x 1
x1
y =
x2 3
(x2 3)(1) (x 1)(2x)
dy
=
(x2 3)2
dx
2
2x2 + 2x
x
=
(x2 3)2
x2 + 2x 3
=
(x2 3)2
1 (30)
= (8r)
4r2
60
=
r
When the volume = 36,

4 r3 = 36
3
21
56. (a)
3
r3 = 36
4
= 27
r = 3
1 2
r cm
h cm
The rate of change of the surface area

60
=
3
= 20 cm2 s1
55. (a)
6 cm
(b) A = 25 h2
dA
= 2h

dh
dh
dt
dA

dt

Using properties of similar triangles,

h
r =

10
6
6 h
r =
10
3h
r =
5
Volume of the unfilled space, V
1 62(10)
1 r2h
=
3
3
57. (a) (i)
1 2
1 2
1 2
dV
dV
9 h2
(b) = 10 cm3 s1, =
25
dh
dt
(ii)
T = 2.2 2.0
= 0.2
dh
dh dV
=
dt
dV dt
25
(10)

=
9h2
250

=
9h2
250

= 2
9 (2)
250

=
36
125

=
18
When T = 2.0,
dl
2
=
20
dT

= 0.1
dl
l = T
dT
= (0.1) (0.2)
= 0.02

dr
(b) = 0.5
dt
When r = 10,
4 (10)3

Volume =
3
4000
=
3
The height of water is decreasing at the rate of

125
cm s1.
18
ABBB
l
T = 20
10
l
T2 = 400
10
T2
l =
40
dl
2T
=
40
dT
T
=
20
1
9 h3

= 120
3 25
3 h3

= 120
25
3 (1000 h3)
=
25
= 0.1 cm s1
dA dh
=
dh dt
= (2h)(0.1)
= 0.2h
dA
When h = 3, = 0.6 cm2 s1.
dt
1
1 (360)
3 h 2h
=
3 5
3

The surface area of the water, A = r2

= (52 h2)

= (25 h2)
h cm
5 cm
r2 + h2 = 52
r2 = 52 h2
10 cm r cm
5 cm
5 cm
22
2000
Half of original volume =
3
4 r3 =
2000

3
3

r3 = 500
1
1 =
1 +
1.
v
u
12
1
v + u =

uv
12
12(v + u) = uv
12v + 12u = uv
uv 12v = 12u
v(u 12) = 12u
12u

v =
u 12
r
= 3ABBB
500
r = 7.937
10 7.937
Time taken =
0.5

= 4.126 seconds

58. (a) x + x + y + y = 24
2x + 2y = 24
x + y = 12

y = 12 x
d
d
(u 12)(12u) 12u(u 12)
dv
du
du
=

du
(u 12)2
(u 12)(12) 12u(1)
=
(u 12)2
12u 144 12u
=
(u 12)2
144
=
(u 12)2

Volume of 1 unit of cuboid = t t 1

= t2 cm3

Total surface area of the cuboid = 2t2 + 4(t 1)

= 2t2 + 4t
xy

Number of cuboids =
=y
2t2 + 4t

x = 2t2 + 4t

2.
4xy = y + x
4xy y = x
y(4x 1) = x
x

y =
4x 1

Volume of total cuboids, V = yt2

= (12 x)t2

= (12 2t2 4t)t2

= t2(12 2t2 4t)

= 2t2(6 t2 2t)
(b) V = 2t2(6 t2 2t)
= 12t2 2t4 4t3
dV
= 24t 8t3 12t2

dt
dV
When = 0,
dt
24t 8t3 12t2 = 0
8t3 + 12t2 24t = 0
4t(2t2 + 3t 6) = 0

(4x 1) x(4)
=
(4x 1)2
4x 1 4x
=
(4x 1)2
1
=
(4x 1)2
32 4(2)(6)
3 ABBBBBBBBB
t =
2(2)
3.
= (5 2x)4
x2
y = x2(5 2x)4
57
3 ABB
=
4
= 2.637, 1.137
dy
d
d
= x2 (5 2x)4 + (5 2x)4 (x2)
dx
dx
dx
= x2 4(5 2x)3(2) + (5 2x)4(2x)
= 8x2(5 2x)3 + 2x(5 2x)4
= 2x(5 2x)3[4x + (5 2x)]
= 2x(5 2x)3(5 6x)
Since t . 0 for the length, then t = 1.137
d2V = 24 24t2 24t
dt2
When t = 1.137,

dy
When = 0,
dx
2x(5 2x)3(5 6x) = 0
x = 0, 5 2x = 0, 5 6x = 0
5
5 ,
x =

x =
6
2
d2V = 24 24(1.137)2 24(1.137)
dt2

= 24(1 1.1372 1.137)

= 34.31 , 0

d
d
(4x 1)(x) x(4x 1)
dy
dx
dx
=
dx
(4x 1)2
Hence, the volume is a maximum when

t = 1.137.
23
4. Given the gradient of the normal is 1,

therefore, the gradient of the tangent is 1.
a + bx
y =
x
dy
a + b......................1
=
x2
dx
dy
Substitute = 1 for x = 1 into 1,
dx

1 = a + b
a + b = 1...............................2
500
5 ,
For
,
3 27
2
d y
5 20
= 6
3
dx2

= 10 20

= 10 , 0
1 2
500
5 ,
Therefore,
is a maximum point.
3 27
When x = 0, y = 0(0 5)2

=0
When y = 0, x = 0, 5
a + bx,
Substitute x = 1, y = 7 into y =
x
7 = a + b
a + b = 7.................................3
2 + 3, 2b = 8

b = 4
500
27
5 500
,
3 27
Substitute b = 4 into 3,
a + 4 = 7
a = 3
0
5. y = x(x 5)
dy
d
d
= x (x 5)2 + (x 5)2 (x)
dx
dx
dx
= x 2(x 5)(1) + (x 5)2(1)
= (x 5)[2x + (x 5)]
= (x 5)(3x 5)
2
1 (2x)(k x)
Area of FEC =
2

= x(k x)

= (kx x2) cm2

1 k(2k 2x)
Area of ADF =
2

= (k2 kx) cm2

2
2
Area of AEF
= 2k2 [kx + (kx x2) + (k2 kx)]
= 2k2 kx kx + x2 k2 + kx
= (k2 kx + x2) cm2
(b) Let the area of AEF be y

y = k2 kx + x2
dy
= k + 2x

dx
dy
When = 0,
dx
k + 2x = 0
1k
x =
2
d2y
=2.0

dx2
500
5 ,
).
The stationary points are (5, 0) and (
3 27
dy
= (x 5)(3x 5)
dx
d2y
= (x 5)(3) + (3x 5)(1)

dx2
= 3x 15 + 3x 5
= 6x 20
For (5, 0),
d2y
= 6(5) 20
dx2

= 10 . 0
Therefore, (5, 0) is a minimum point.
6. (a) Area of rectangle ABCD

= (2k)(k)

= (2k2) cm2
1 (2k)(x)

Area of ABE =
2

= (kx) cm2
dy
For stationary points, = 0
dx
(x 5)(3x 5) = 0
5

x = 5,
3
When x = 5,
y = 5(5 5)2
=0
5,
When x =
3
2
5
5
y = 5
3 3
5
10 2
=
3
3
500
=
27
1
1
1 k.
Therefore, y is a minimum when x =
2
24
(c) Minimum area of AEF

1k
= k2 k
2
1
2
= k k2 +
2
3
2
= k cm2
4
dA
1
Therefore, = 8pr 2 30p
4r
dt
= 60p
1 2 + 112 k2
1 k2
7.
When r = 4,
dA
60p
=
dt
4

= 15p cm2 s1
x cm
dV
9. (a) Given = 8 cm3 s1
dt

Let the length of the side be x.
V = x3
dV
= 3x2

dx
dx
1
=
3x2
dV
y cm

Perimeter of the circle = Perimeter of the rectangle

2p(7) = 2(x + y)

x + y = 7p

y = 7p x.......................1
Area of the rectangle, A = xy

= x(7p x)
= 7px x2
dA
= 7p 2x

dx
22 2x
= 7
7
= 22 2x
dA
When = 0,
dx
22 2x = 0

x = 11
When x = 2,
dx
8
=

3(2)2
dt
2 cm s1
=
3
(b) Total surface area, A = 6x2
dA
= 12x

dx
dA
dA dx
=

dt
dx
dt
2

= 12x
3
y = 7p 11
22 11
= 7
7
= 11
1 2
1 2
d2A
= 2 , 0
dx2
Therefore, A is a maximum when x = 11 and y = 11.
Maximum area of the rectangle = 11 11

= 121 cm2
2
= 12(2)
3
= 16 cm2 s1
1 2
dV
10. Given = k cm3 s1
dt
Let h be the height of the water level.
dh
Given = 2 cm s1
dt
8. Let V be the volume of the sphere, r be the radius and

A be the surface area. t is the time in second.
30p cm3 s1
(a) V = p(5)2h
= 25ph
dV
= 25p

dh
dV
dV dh
=

dt
dh dt

k = (25p)(2)
= 50p
dA dV

dV dt
dA
dr dV
=
dr
dV dt
dx
dx dV
=
dt
dV dt
1 (8)
=
3x2
8
=
3x2
1 2
dV
=
dt
dA
=
dt
4 pr3
A = 4pr2 and V =
3
dA
dV
= 4pr2
= 8pr
dr
dr
25
14. (a) y = ax3 + bx2 + 9x

dy
= 3ax2 + 2bx + 9

dx
(b) Area of the curved surface, A = 2p(5)h

A = 10ph
dA
= 10p

dh
dA
dA dh
=

dt
dh dt

= (10p)(2)

= 20p cm2 s1
When x = 1, 3a + 2b + 9 = 0....................1
When x = 3, 27a + 6b + 9 = 0

9a + 2b + 3 = 0....................2

2 1, 6a = 6

a = 1
1000p
(c) Time taken =
50p

= 20 seconds

9(1) + 2b + 3 = 0

2b = 12

b = 6
1
11. y =
x3
dy
3
=

dx
x4
When x = 1,
dy
3
=
14
dx

= 3
2 = 2
1
0.993
0.993
dy
For stationary points, = 0 when x = 1 and
dx
x=3
(b) y = x3 6x2 + 9x
When x = 1, y = 1 6 + 9
= 4

\ (1, 4)
dy
1 +
= 2
dx
13
dx
= 2[1 + (3)(0.01)]
= 2.06
When x = 3, y = 33 6(3)2 + 9(3)

= 0

\ (3, 0)
Where dx = 0.99 1

= 0.01
4 + 16
= ABBBBB
dy
12. (a) = 3x2 kx
dx

Given equation of the normal is

x 7y + 13 = 0

7y = x + 13
13
1 x +

y =
7
7

Gradient of the tangent at (1, 2) is 7.
= 4.472 units
15. (a) BD2 = x2 + y2
x2 + y2

BD = ABBBBB

dy
Therefore, = 7 when x = 1
dx
7 = 3(1)2 k(1)
7 = 3 k

k = 10
1 ABBBBB
x2 + y2
Radius of the circle is
2
Area of the shaded region, A

= Area of the circle Area of the rectangle
2
1 ABBBBB
x2 + y2 xy
= p
2
1 (x2 + y2) xy
= p
4
1
= p(x2 + y2) xy
4
1
1 2
(b) Equation of the tangent at (1, 2) is

y 2 = 7(x 1)
y = 7x + 7 + 2
y = 7x + 9
1 py2 xy
1 px2 +
(b) A =
4
4
1 p(10)2 x(10)
1
2
= px +
4
4
1 px2 + 25p 10x
=
4
dA
1
= px 10

2
dx
13. y = x2 + nx + 2
dy
= 2x + n
dx
(3, 7) is a minimum point,

dy
therefore, = 0 when x = 3
dx
0 = 2(3) + n
n = 6
The distance between the two stationary points
(3 1)2 + (0 4)2
= ABBBBBBBBBBBB
26
dA
When = 0,
dx
1
px 10 = 0

2
20

x =
p
dy
d2y
+ = 0
dx2
dx
54
9x
= 0

(x 4)3
54 9x = 0
9x = 54

x = 6
d2A
1p.0

=
2
dx2
20 .
Therefore, A is a minimum when x =
p
5
18. (a) f(x) =
1 4x

= 5(1 4x)1
16. PQ = 2x x2
Let PQ = s
\ s = 2x x2
ds
= 2 2x
dx
ds
When = 0,
dx
2 2x = 0

x = 1
f
(x) = 5(1 4x)2(4)

= 20(1 4x)2
f
(x) = 40(1 4x)3(4)

= 160(1 4x)3
f
(0) = 160(1 0)3

= 160
(b) (i) y = x(x2 12)
= x3 12x
dy
= 3x2 12
dx
d2s
2 = 2 , 0
dx
\ s is a maximum when x = 1.
Maximum distance of PQ = 2(1) 12

= 1 unit
dx
1
=
dy
dy
dx
1
=
3x2 12
2x + 1
17. y =
x4
dy
(ii) = 0
dx
3x2 12 = 0
3x2 = 12
x2 = 4
x = 2
(x 4)(2) (2x + 1)(1)

dy
=
dx
(x 4)2
2x 8 2x 1
=
(x 4)2
9
=
(x 4)2
When x = 2, y = 2(22 12)

= 16
dy
= 9(x 4)2
dx
When x = 2, y = 2[(2)2 12]

= 16
\ y = 16
d2y

= 18(x 4)3
dx2
18
=
(x 4)3
19. (a) y = 4x2 8x + 1

dy
= 8x 8

dx
d2y
= 8

dx2
d2y
dy
9
18
\
+ =
+
dx2
dx
(x 4)2
(x 4)3
18 9(x 4)
=
(x 4)3
18 9x + 36
=
(x 4)3
54 9x
=
(x 4)3
d2y
dy
=
When
dx2
dx
8 = 8x 8
8x = 16

x = 2
y = 4(2)2 8(2) + 1
= 1
27
When volume = 162,

(2x)(x)16 = 162
162

x2 =
32
81
=
16
9
x.0

x =
4
dy
(b) = 0
dx
8x 8 = 0
x = 1
y = 4(1)2 8(1) + 1
= 3

Therefore, the stationary point is (1, 3).
d2y
=8.0

dx2

\ (1, 3) is a minimum point.
dA
9 + 96 (0.01)
\ = 8
4
dt

= 1.14 cm2 s1
When x = 0, y = 1
When y = 0,
4x2 8x + 1 = 0

21.
64 4(4)(1)
8 ABBBBBBBBB
x =
2(4)
10 cm
8 ABB
48
=
8
3
8 4AB
=
8
AB
3
= 1
2
l cm
h cm

Let h be the height of water level in the cylinder and
l be the height of water level in the cone.
1

3
1
2

1 + 3
2
r
l =

10
12
10 l
r =
12
5l
=
6
(1, 3)
dx
20. Given = 0.01 cm s1
dt
1 pr2l
V =
3
1p
5 l 2l
=
3 6
25 pl3
=
108
1 2
16 cm
2x cm
dV
25 3pl2
=
108
dl
25 pl2
=
36
x cm
Total surface area,

A = 2(2x2) + 2(16x) + 2(2x)(16)
= 4x2 + 32x + 64x
= 4x2 + 96x
V = p102h
= 100ph
dV
= 100p
dh
dA
= 8x + 96
dx
dA
dA dx
=
dt
dx
dt

= (8x + 96)(0.01)
12 cm
10 cm
r cm
dh
= 0.2 cm s1
dt
28
(c) dx = 1.01 1
= 0.01
dl
dl dh
=
dh dt
dt
dl dV
= (0.2)
dV dh
36 (100p)(0.2)
=
25pl2
36 (100p)(0.2)
=
25p(6)2

= 0.8 cm s1
10
dh
1
22. (a) Given =
t ms
dt
dV
20
=

p cm3 s1
t
dt
20

= p 106 m3 s1
t
dV
dV
dt
=

dh
dt
dh
t
20
= p (106)
t
10

30
dx
=
(3x + 2)3
30
= 3 (0.01)
[3(1) + 2]
30
0.01
=
53
= 0.0024
Therefore, the water level in the cone is decreasing at

a constant rate of 0.8 cm s1.
dy
dy = dx
dx
24. y = 3x2 4x + 3
dy
= 6x 4
dx
At point (1, 2),
dy
= 6(1) 4
dx

=2
(a) dy = 2.01 2
= 0.01
1 2
= 2 106 p
dx
dx = dy
dy
1 (0.01)
=
2
= 0.005

dV
dV
dh
(b) =
dt
dh
dt

= (2 106 p)(2)

= 4 106 p m3 s1

= 4 106 p 106 cm3 s1

= 4p cm3 s1
1 2
dx
dx dy
(b) =
dt
dy
dt
1
= (0.4)
2

= 0.2 unit s1
1 2
dp
23. (a) p = 3x + 2, = 6 units per second
dt
dp
= 3

dx
dp
dx
dx
=

dt
dp
dt
1
= (6)
3

= 2 units s1
dx
25. (a) Given = 0.1 cm s1
dt
1x
Radius,
r =
2
dr
1
=
2
dx
dr
dr dx
=

dt
dx
dt
1 2
5
(b) y =
p2
1 (0.1)
=
2

= 0.05 cm s1
1 2
5
=
(3x + 2)2
= 5(3x + 2)2
(b) Area of the metal, A = x2 pr2

1x

= x2 p
2
1
2

= x px2
4
dy
= 10(3x + 2)3(3)

dx
30
=
(3x + 2)3
1 2
29
(c) dx = 2.1 2
= 0.1
dA
1 px
= 2x
2
dx
dA
dA = dx
dx
1 px dx
= 2x
2
1 p(2) (0.1)
= 2(2)
2
= (4 p)(0.1)
= 0.08584 cm2
dA
dA dx
=
dt
dx dt
1 px (0.1)
= 2x
2
1 p(2) (0.1)
= 2(2)
2

= (4 p)(0.1)

= 0.08584 cm2 s1

1 21 2
1
2
3
4
30

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Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 9

2. Gradient of the chord AB =

2 1, dy = 2xdx + (dx)2 4dx

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Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 9

5. (a) Let y = x3 + 2x.................................................. 1

2 1, dy = 3x2dx + 3x(dx)2 + (dx)3 + 2dx

Therefore, f(x) = 3x2 + 2

(b) Let y = 1 2x + 3x2........................................1

2 1, dy = 2dx + 6xdx + 3(dx)2

6. Gradient of the tangent at the point A = 2(1)

10. (a) f(x) = 4x2 + 5x

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Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 9

15. (a) y = (2x 1)10

(c) y = 2(x3 + 4)5

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Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 9

(f) y = x3(2x 1)3

17. (a) (i) y = 3x2 1

16. (a) y = 3x(1 2x)5

(d) y = (4x 1)(x2 3)4

(iii) Equation of normal is

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Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 9

(c) (i) y = 4(2x 1)3

(iii) Equation of normal is

Gradient of tangent at (2, 0)

18. (a) y = 3x2 6x + 1....................................1

(c) y = x3 2x2 + 4........................ 1

(iii) Equation of normal is x = 2

(d) (i) y = x(2 x)3

(1, 2) is a minimum point.

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Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 9

For (0, 4),

(1, 4) is a minimum point.

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(1, 4) is a maximum point.

20. Volume = 20 cm3

The turning points are (1, 4) and (1, 4).

For (1, 4),

(0, 4) is a maximum point.

For (1, 4),

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 9

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Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 9

31. (a) y = 5x3 + 4x + 1

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Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 9

(b) y = (4x2 1)5

32. (a) f(x) = 4x3 1

Therefore, (0, 50) is a maximum point.

For turning point (0, 50),

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Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 9

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 9

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 9

Let r be the radius, h be the height and V be the

f(x) = (3)(2)(1 4x)4(4)

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