Gabriel B.

Buela
BS Biology 2-2
Task Sheet # 1
Reflection:

Vision, Mission and Objectives. These are guides the authority and its
subordinates of a certain department follow, in order to commit their ambitions,
and also to be able to stay in the right path along their journeys. These simple
group of words may have a big impact in ones decision and understanding. Now,
how can the vision, mission and the objectives of the College of Humanities, Arts
and Social Science be put in practice in studying literature?
These three have their certain roles, when used in studying literature. When
we put them into practice , studying and learning can be easy and enjoyable. First
is by the vision of the College of Humanities, Arts and Social Science. It is stated
that CHASS is a premier college that upholds the PLM culture of academic
excellence, integrity and social responsibility. We can take that we need these three
core values in order to be successful in literature. Our academics excellence may
increase when we study literature. Our integrity may be of used, because when we
communicate with others we need to be completely our selves. And also we are
responsible to our environment with what we say and share with them. Next is the
mission and the objective of the CHASS, we can base our goals with these when
studying literature. For example, we dont just study for ourselves but also for the
people and the world around us. We dont just stop in acquiring knowledge and
wisdom in what we learn. We should also share them and improve them in order
for others to improve, and not far away, the world.
There are many ways we can learn about literature, not only our own but
also others from around the world. Because when we do this thing, it can give us
positive outcomes and better understanding.

DEFINITION OF LITERATURE
There have been various attempts to define "literature".[1] Simon and Delyse Ryan begin their
attempt to answer the question "What is Literature?" with the observation:
The quest to discover a definition for "literature" is a road that is much travelled, though the
point of arrival, if ever reached, is seldom satisfactory. Most attempted definitions are broad and
vague, and they inevitably change over time. In fact, the only thing that is certain about defining
literature is that the definition will change. Concepts of what is literature change over time as
well.[2]
Definitions of literature have varied over time; it is a "culturally relative definition".[3] In Western
Europe prior to the eighteenth century, literature as a term indicated all books and writing.[3] A
more restricted sense of the term emerged during the Romantic period, in which it began to
demarcate "imaginative" literature.[4][5] Contemporary debates over what constitutes literature can
be seen as returning to the older, more inclusive notion of what constitutes literature. Cultural
studies, for instance, takes as its subject of analysis both popular and minority genres, in addition
to canonical works.[3]
The value judgement definition of literature considers it to exclusively include writing that
possesses high quality or distinction, forming part of the so-called belles-lettres ('fine writing')
tradition.[6] This is the definition used in the Encyclopdia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910
11) when it classifies literature as "the best expression of the best thought reduced to
writing."[7] However, this has the result that there is no objective definition of what constitutes
"literature"; anything can be literature, and anything which is universally regarded as literature
has the potential to be excluded, since value-judgements can change over time.[6]
The formalist definition is that the history of "literature" foregrounds poetic effects; it is the
"literariness" or "poeticity" of literature that distinguishes it from ordinary speech or other kinds
of writing (e.g., journalism).[8][9] Jim Meyer considers this a useful characteristic in explaining the
use of the term to mean published material in a particular field (e.g., "scientific literature"), as
such writing must use language according to particular standards.[1]The problem with the
formalist definition is that in order to say that literature deviates from ordinary uses of language,
those uses must first be identified; this is difficult because "ordinary language" is an unstable
category, differing according to social categories and across history.[10]
Etymologically, the term derives from Latin literatura/litteratura "learning, a writing, grammar,"
originally "writing formed with letters," from litera/littera "letter".[11] In spite of this, the term has
also been applied to spoken or sung texts.

LITERARY DEVICES
Alliteration: The repetition of initial consonant
sounds used especially in poetry to emphasize
and link words as well as to create pleasing,
musical sounds. Examplethe fair breeze blew,
the white foam flew.
Allusion: A reference to a well-known person,
place, event, literary work, or work of art to
enrich the reading experience by
adding meaning.
Characterization: Techniques a writer uses to
create and develop a character by what:
he/she does or says,
other characters say about him/her, or how
they react to him/her
the author reveals directly or through a
narrator.
Dialect: Speech that reflects pronunciation,
vocabulary, and grammar typical of a
geographical region.
Flashback: Interruption of the chronological
(time) order to present something that occurred
before the beginning of the story.
Figurative Language: Language that has meaning
beyond the literal meaning; also known as
figures of speech.
Simile: comparison of two things using the
words like or as, e.g. Her smile was as
cold as ice.
Metaphor comparison of two things
essentially different but with some
commonalities; does not use like or as,
e.g. Her smile was ice.
Hyperbole: a purposeful exaggeration for
emphasis or humor.
Personification: human qualities attributed
to an animal, object, or idea, e.g. The
wind exhaled.
Free Verse: Poetry that does not conform to a
regular meter or rhyme scheme. Poets who write
in free verse try to reproduce the natural rhythms

of spoken language.
Foreshadowing: Important hints that an author
drops to prepare the reader for what is to come,
and help the reader anticipate the outcome.
Imagery: Words or phrases that appeal to the
readers senses.
Humor: The quality of a literary or informative
work that makes the character and/or situations
seem funny, amusing, or ludicrous.
Irony: A technique that involves surprising,
interesting, or amusing contradictions or
contrasts. Verbal irony occurs when words are
used to suggest the opposite of their usual
meaning. An irony of situation is when an event
occurs that directly contradicts expectations.
Onomatopoeia: The use of words that imitate
sounds. Examples would be hiss, buzz, swish,
and crunch.
Point of View: Perspective from which the story
is told
First-person: narrator is a character in the
story; uses I, we, etc.
Third-person: narrator outside the story;
uses he, she, they
Third-person limited: narrator tells only
what one character perceives
Third-person omniscient: narrator can see
into the minds of all characters.
Satire: Writing that comments humorously on
human flaws, ideas, social customs, or
institutions in order to change them.
Style: The distinctive way that a writer uses
language including such factors as word choice,
sentence length, arrangement, and complexity,
and the use of figurative language and imagery.
Suspense: A feeling of excitement, curiosity, or
expectation about what will happen.
Symbol: Person, place, or thing that represents
something beyond itself, most often something
concrete or tangible that represents an
abstract idea.
LITERARY FORMS
Autobiography: A writers story of his or her
own life.
Biography: A writers account of some other

persons life.
Comedy: Writing that deals with life in a
humorous way, often poking fun at
peoples mistakes.
Drama: Also called a play, this writing form uses
dialogue to share its message and is meant to be
performed in front of an audience.
Essay: A short piece of nonfiction that expresses
the writers opinion or shares information about
a subject.
Fable: A short story that often uses talking animals
as the main characters and teaches an explicit
moral or lesson.
Fantasy: A story set in an imaginary world in
which the characters usually have supernatural
powers or abilities.
Folktale: A story originally passed from one
generation to another by word of mouth only.
The characters are usually all good or all bad
and in the end are rewarded or punished as
they deserve.
Historical Fiction: A made-up story that is based
on a real time and place in history, so fact is
mixed with fiction.
Myth: A traditional story intended to explain some
mystery of nature, religious doctrine, or cultural
belief. The gods and goddesses of mythology
have supernatural powers, but the human
characters usually do not.
Novel: A book-length, fictional prose story.
Because of its length, a novels characters and
plot are usually more developed than those of a
short story.
Poetry: A literary work that uses concise, colorful,
often rhythmic language to express ideas or
emotions. Examples: ballad, blank verse, free
verse, elegy, limerick, sonnet.
Prose: A literary work that uses the familiar spoken
form of language, sentence after sentence.
Realistic Fiction: Writing that attempts to show life
as it really is.
Science Fiction: Writing based on real or
imaginary scientific developments and often set
in the future.
Short Story: Shorter than a novel, this piece of
literature can usually be read in one sitting.

Because of its length, it has only a few characters

and focuses on one problem or conflict.
Tall Tale: A humorous, exaggerated story often
based on the life of a real person. The
exaggerations build until the character can
accomplish impossible things.
LITERARY ELEMENTS
Action: Everything that happens in a story.
Antagonist: The person or force that works against
the hero of the story. (See protagonist)
Character: One of the people (or animals) in
a story.
Climax: The high point in the action of a story.
Conflict: A problem or struggle between two
opposing forces in a story. There are four basic
conflicts:
Person Against Person: A problem between
characters.
Person Against Self: A problem within a
characters own mind.
Person Against Society: A problem
between a character and society, school, the
law, or some tradition.
Person Against Nature: A problem between
a character and some element of nature-a
blizzard, a hurricane, a mountain climb, etc.
Dialogue: The conversations that characters have
with one another.
Exposition: The part of the story, usually near the
beginning, in which the characters are
introduced, the background is explained, and the
setting is described.
Falling Action: The action and dialogue following
the climax that lead the reader into the
storys end.
Mood: The feeling a piece of literature is intended
to create in a reader.
Moral: The lesson a story teaches.
Narrator: The person or character who actually
tells the story, filling in the background
information and bridging the gaps between
dialogue. (See Point of View.)
Plot: The action that makes up the story, following
a plan called the plot line.
Plot line: The planned action or series of events in a
story. There are five parts: exposition, rising

action, climax, falling action, and resolution.

Protagonist: The main character in a story, often a
good or heroic type.
Resolution: The part of the story in which the
problems are solved and the action comes to a
satisfying end.
Rising Action: The central part of the story during
which various problems arise after a conflict is
introduced.
Setting: The place and the time frame in which a
story takes place.
Style: The distinctive way that a writer uses
language including such factors as word choice,
sentence length, arrangement, and complexity,
and the use of figurative language and imagery.
Theme: The message about life or human nature
that is the focus in the story that the writer tells.
ADDITIONAL VOCABULARY
Article: A complete piece of writing, as a report or
essay, that is part of a newspaper, magazine, or
book.
Atlas: A book of maps.
Encyclopedia: A book that contains information on
many subjects; or comprehensive information in
a particular field of knowledge; usually arranged
alphabetically.
Fiction: A literary work whose content is based on
the imagination and not on fact.
Glossary: An alphabetical listing of difficult,
technical, or foreign terms with definitions or
translation; usually found at the end of a book.
Index: An alphabetical listing that gives page
numbers or books where information can be
found.
Mystery: A novel, story, or play involving a crime
or secret activity and its gradual solution.
Nonfiction: True writing, based on factual
information.
Periodical: Another word for magazine.
Reference: A type of book that provides
information arranged for easy access.
Series: Several books related in subject, or dealing
with the same characters.
Table of Contents: The part of a book which lists
the chapters or contents within the book.