Incorporating Backstress in Classical Crystal Viscoplasticity : A Case

Study with Al-rich Lamellar TiAl Single Crystals

H. Chowdhury1 , K. Naumenko2 , H. Altenbach2 , M. Kr
uger3
1

. Graduate School for Micro-Macro Interactions in Structured Media and Particle Systems, Otto-vonGuericke University (OvGU), Magdeburg, Germany
2
. Institute for Mechanics, OvGU, Magdeburg, Germany
3
. Institute for Materials and Joining Technology, OvGU, Magdeburg, Germany
Email: helal.chowhury@ovgu.de
Abstract. One of the important observations for metals and alloys at high temperature (T>0.3Tm ) is that,
creep is largely controlled by thermally activated motion and interaction of dislocations caused by many different mechanisms like glide, climb, mixture of glide and climb etc. [1]. Creep strain at high temperature occurs
when a dislocation link breaks away from the network and glides on an active slip system, before eventually
being arrested by other dislocations in the network. It is clear that dislocation climb and viscous glide represent two competing creep mechanisms in many solid solution alloys, where the slower one becomes the rate
controlling process. Besides, there are different dislocation-interaction mechanisms that create resistance to
the viscoplastic flow [2].
Physics-based material models have been remarkably successful in providing a qualitative understanding of this
type specific materials behavior, but it is often difficult to generalize them for a class of technical materials
[2,3]. As a result, often we rely on phenomenological modeling. Classical crystal plasticity phenomenological
modeling has been favored by many researchers since forty years based on one of the important plasticity
phenomena of incorporating internal state variable, where plastic deformation depends on the continuously
changing internal states. These variables, mostly a mathematical construct, also called internal variables and
often assumed to be consist of hardening variables [3]. There has been a widespread acceptance in the creep
community about the phenomenological idea that creep deformation is not driven by the applied stress, rather
by an operative stress, which is the driving force for material deformation. Sometimes this operative stress is
seen as the difference between the applied stress and the so-called internal stress, or backstress, often considered to be representative of the material internal state [2,4]. Along with commonly used internal resistance
type state variable, backstress included crystal plasticity approach can be considered as a general makeup for
classical crystal plasticity, as it possibly can be used for both low and high temperature creep and also for rate
independent/dependent materials. In this particular case of high temperature deformation of two phases in a
single-crystalline TiAl alloy, this modeling approach also helps to keep reduced contribution of latent hardening which is questionably taken sometimes closer to or greater than self hardening contribution. The focus of
this work is to show the effect of including backstress and rearranging classical crystal plasticity flow rule in
simulating high temperature (1050C) plasticity for three different strain rates in the context of Al-rich TiAl,
an alloy system which has been considered to be one of the highly potential candidates for high temperature
structural applications.
Keywords. crystal viscoplasticity, backstress, Al-rich TiAl, phenomenological modeling
References
[1] D. Caillard, Book of Abstracts of the 13th Int. Conf. On Creep of Fracture of Engineering Materials and
Structures, Toulouse, France, pp. 4-5, June 2015.
[2] B. Chen et. al., International Materials Reviews, 60(1), pp. 1-29, 2015.
[3] J. Lubliner, Plasticity Theory, Dover Books on Engineering, 2008.
[4] M.E. Kassner et. al., Progress in Materials Science, 45, pp. 1-102, 2000.