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Ascosphciera apis
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. 1gr kg , 1/2kg

4 7 .
(0,7%)
.
Archangelica officinalis
. 110-130g 24 50-60g
130 .

, .



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Aspergillus: A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. flavus Stonebrood

,
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(varroa)

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Aspergillus: A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. flavus

Stonebrood
.




.


Nosema

Nosema apis Nosema ceranae

Apis

()

Ceranae

 Ceranae vs Apis
N.Apis 20%

N. apis

N. ceranae

6 x 3 m

4.4 x 2.2 m

.






(
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2ml 60% 1lt .

Mentha crispa, Salvia
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.


Paenibacillus larvae
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Streptococcus pluton

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2.5cm
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1
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Acute Bee Paralysis Virus (ABPV) Black Queen Cell Virus (BQCV)
Israel Acute Paralysis Virus (IAPV) - Chronic Paralysis Virus (CPV)
associated with CCD
Sacbrood Virus (SBV)
Kashmir Bee Virus (KBV)
Deformed Wing Bee Virus (DWV)

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DNA RNA .

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(DWV)

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Varroa.

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Kakugo, RNA 98%,

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mushroom bodies (
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Chronic Paralysis Virus

Chronic Paralysis Virus

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IAPV

Israel acute paralysis virus (IAPV)

Kashmir bee virus (KBV)

Black Queen Cell Virus (BQCV)

Sacbrood virus (SBV)

Morator aetatulas

Sacbrood virus (SBV)

 -

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( )

20

.


-
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(, )

Varroa Destructor


.
.

 ...
...

,
Apis
Cerana
Apis
Melifera.
2 :

()

Early 1960s Japan, USSR

1960s-1970s Eastern Europe
1971 Brazil
Late 1970s South America
1980 Poland
1982 France
1984 Switzerland, Spain, Italy
1987 Portugal
1987 USA
1989 Canada
1992 England[4]
2000 New Zealand (North Island)
2006 New Zealand (South Island)[5]
2007 Hawaiian Islands[6]

( )


3
3

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. 3 :

.
1..

. ..( 99% ): .. 3,5 % (35 gr .. 1 lt 1:1 2:1) (58,5gr

.. 1 lt +1 Kg ).

.- .. (71,4 % ): .. 3,5 % (49 gr - O.O. lt 1:1 2:1 ) ( 74,5

gr - .. 1 lt +1 kg ).

, 0 C, 5 ml
(50 ml 10 ) Perizin
.

: . 95%.
2. :

1 gr .. ' 5

.

.
(, )
3.:

30 gr . 1 lt (3 %). , 3-4 ml
. 97-98%
' 18 C. .


Apiguard - Apilife Var - Thymovar.
1 : 15 gr

21
.
2 : 4 gr 4 ml . 2
Vetex 4 6 cm
4ml
. 3 7
12-32 C
18 C.
3 : (5-7 . )
4 .
2-3 8 .
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. ' 5-20 ml
13,5 21-28
2 .

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Vespa Carbro


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2000 .

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30-

41mm

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Bacillus thurigiensis.


80 46C

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49C 40 .

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64C, 49

64C
.

46C
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.
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0C 4
.
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.

401 - Certan
,

Bacillus
thurigensis.
B-401 Certan

2-4

30C.


.

 (S)

,

,
.

:
50-70
15 6
.
: