RESULT

Product
No.
1

Name of product

Manufacturing Process

Metal Plate 1

Milling Machining

Metal Plate 2

Sand Casting

Bottle Cap

Injection Molding

Metal Plate 1 (Milling Machining)

R-Profile Reading Taken ( m)
R-Profile

Average( m)

R1

R2

R3

0.46

0.43

0.32

0.403

2.73

2.28

1.73

2.247

1.85

1.41

0.92

Ra
Ry
1.393

Rz
Metal Plate 2 (Sand Casting)
R-Profile Reading Taken ( m)
R-Profile

Average( m)

R1

R2

R3

4.59

2.85

3.49

3.643

21.24

15.30

16.57

17.703

Ra
Ry
15.34
Rz

10.92

12.56

12.94

Bottle Cap (Injection Molding)

R-Profile Reading Taken ( m)
R-Profile

Average( m)

R1

R2

R3

5.50

5.59

6.68

5.923

26.89

26.72

32.19

28.6

21.38

19.207

Ra
Ry
18.15

18.09

Rz

DISCUSSION

SURFACE ROUGHNESS PROFILE.

Arithmetical Mean Roughness (Ra)
A section of standard length is sampled from the mean line on the roughness chart. The mean
line is laid on a Cartesian coordinate system wherein the mean line runs in the direction of the xaxis and magnification is the y-axis. The value obtained with the formula on the right is
expressed in micrometer.
(m) when y = f (x)

Maximum Peak (Ry)

A section of standard length is sampled from the mean line on the roughness chart. The distance
between the peaks and valleys of the sampled line is measured in the y direction. The value is
expressed in micrometer (m).

Ten-point mean roughness (Rz)

A section of standard length is sampled from the mean line on the roughness chart. The distance
between the peaks and valleys of the sampled line is measured in the y direction. Then, the
average peak is obtained among 5 tallest peaks (Yp), as is the average valley between 5 lowest
valleys (Yv). The sum of these two values is expressed in micrometer (m).

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT MANUFACTURING PROCESSES TO THE RESULT OF RA.

Based on result obtained from the experiment, it is found that the value vary from one
material with another. This might happen due to different nature of manufacturing process. Based
on the result, the bottle cap possessed the highest value of Ra followed by casting metal plate and
milling metal plate. The higher the value of Ra indicates that the surface of the product is rough.
In order to attain good surface finish, the value of Ra need to be as minimum as possible. This
can be done by adjusting the parameters of the machining process to produce lesser friction thus
result in better surface finish of the end product.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE MEASUREMENT RESULTS.
Factors that affect the surface finish of a material are the depth of cut, feed rate, and the
cutting speed. By manipulating these factors with one another, the quality of the surface finish
can be enhanced. However, due to differences in their nature, each material may need different
configuration to get better surface finish. In this experiment, the sample taken came from
different type of cutting process and every process have their own configuration of feed rate,
depth of cut and cutting speed. The process were includes are sand casting, milling and injection
molding. Certain parameters used for milling might not suitable to be used on casting product.
Its up to the machinist to decide on the suitable parameters.