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Paola Bombarda
Gecos Group, Dipartimento di Energia
Politecnico di Milano
Presentation overview
Binary technology
Main features:
Power generation by means of closed thermodynamic
cycle
Geothermal fluid loop and power cycle are completely
separated
Nearly zero emission plant (for all-liquid geofluid)
Suitable for integration with other energy sources
(solar, biomass, waste....)
Q IN
Geothermal
fluid inlet
temperature
P = Q IN L
Geothermal fluid
reinjection
temperature
Ambient
temperature
Q OUT
Entropy
Lorenz cycle
REMIND:
the
cycle
efficiency depends only
on
the
geothermal
source and ambient
temperatures
Tap,PHE
7 8
Sh.
Tin,Geo
PHE
Tpp,PHE
45
Turb.
6
9
Eva.
3
5
4
Eco.
Tpp,Reg
2
1
11
Tap,Cond
3
Pump
T*pp,Cond
10
Reg.
Treinj,Geo
10
Air Cond.
11
Kalina cycle
Net plant power = (turbine power pump power) -auxiliaries power consumption
=
Thermal power:
79.1 )K
= 13
=1
L
283.15
175 70,1
175+273,15
70.1+273.15
=0.28
= 13 0.28 = 3.64
=
L
0.5
1
s [kJ/kgK]
1.5
Turbine power, kW
1892
242
169
1481
Downhole pump, kW
150
1331
13022
Cycle efficiency
11.38%
Plant efficiency
10,22%
Ideal power, kW
ORC second law efficiency
(real power/ideal power)
3646
40.6%
NONCONDENSABLES
evaporator
turbine-generator
separator
LIQUID
G
preheater
cooling system
pump
production well
reinjection well
Production
well
ORC power
unit
District
heating
Reinjection
well
Main machinery
Heat exchangers (pre-heater, evaporator,
condenser, recuperator)
Turbine
Generator
Feed pump
Down-hole pump
Turbine
Turbine requirements:
Work extraction
Suitability to accomodate increasing volumetric
flow rate
High efficiency
Low cost (=> reduced stage number)
Remark: dry vapour expansion, no erosion of blades
By courtesy of
Turboden
Soultz T-Q
diagram
Bibliography
Di Pippo, Ronald: Geothermal Power Plants: Principles, Applications, Case
Studies and Environmental Impact, Elsevier Science, Dartmouth,
Massachusetts, (2007).
Technology Platform on Geothermal Electricity (TP-Geoelec) Strategic
Research Priorities for Geothermal Electricity available on the Internet at:
www.egec.org
Technology Roadmap Geothermal Heat and Power, OECD/IEA, 2011
International Energy Agency, www.iea.org
Bombarda, P., Invernizzi, C., Pietra C., Heat recovery from Diesel engines:
A thermodynamic comparison between Kalina and ORC cycles Applied
Thermal Engineering 30 (2010) 212219
Di Pippo, R.: Second Law assessment of binary plants generating power
from low-temperature geothermal fluids, Geothermics, 33, (2004), 565586.
Bibliography
Bombarda, P., Gaia, M., Pietra, C., Integration of Geothermal Liquid
Dominated Sources and Waste Heat Sources for Electricity Production,
Proceedings of the World Geothermal Congress 2010, Bali, Indonesia
Pini, M., Persico, G., Casati, E., Dossena, V., Preliminary design of a
centrifugal turbine for ORC applications, Journal of Engineering for Gas
Turbines and power, vol. 135, n4, april 2013
Invernizzi, C., Closed power cycles. Thermodynamic Fundamentals and
Applications. Series: Lecture Notes in Energy, Vol. 11, Springer
Thank You!
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