2.

Soil
Three types of soil are commonly found in Region IV-A. They are clay (clay loam, loam and sandy
loam); fine sandy loam, silt loam, adobe and sandy clay loam); soil from fresh marshes, hydrosol found
around the Laguna Lake shores.
In most of Batangas, Cavite and the western part of Rizal and Laguna, the soil ranges from sandy loam
to clay, generally suited to upland crops (upland rice, corn, vegetable and fruit orchards). In the lowest
areas of these provinces, the soil is of clay loam type with fine sandy materials good for rice farming.
In Laguna, the hydrosol type plus clay loam type soil with find sandy materials found in the lakeshore
has given rise to airly homogenous lowland rice farming pattern in the province. In contrast, the upland
plains of Quezon and Laguna are characterized by the presence of clay, clay loam, type with fine sandy
materials good for rice farming.

Soil and Soil Type

The soil of the region in every province does not vary much. Table 3 shows that the soil type
throughout Batangas is predominantly of volcanic tuff which is characterized by a relatively
deep soil and either soft bedrock. It has a texture that ranges from sandy loam to clay loam
which is suitable for upland crops like citrus. As in most southern Luzon Provinces, two
general types of soil are found in Laguna. This is mainly due to the fact that it stands in the
transition region lying between central Northern Luzon and the volcanically active
southeastern Luzon. Soil throughout its northeast portion is mainly from the igneous rock. In
its southwestern portion, volcanic tuff is deposited geologically by recent volcanic activity
abounds.
Table 3. Soil Type of CALABARZON Region by Province
PROVINCE

DOMINANT SOIL SERIES TYPE

Batangas

Ibaan Loam

Cavite

Tagaytay loam, Magallanes loam

Laguna

Lipa loam

Quezon

Faraon sandy clay, Antipolo clay

Rizal

Antipolo clay, Novaliches sandy clay

CALAMBA
Soil and Hydro-Ecological Characteristics

Calamba with its vast area consists of seven (7) different soil types showing different characteristics. The
study of soil types is necessary to determine correctly the suitability crops in the locality.
Lipa series are residual soils derived from volcanic tuff, light brown and moderately friable clay loam to
loamy textures. It gives favorable external drainage but fairly favorable when it comes to internal
drainage.
Calumpang clay is alluvial. It overlays highly weathered tuff materials with solum that extends to about
150 centimeters deep. It has been found to have good external drainage but the fine clayfish texture
tends to hamper favorable internal drainage. This type is best suited for lowlands rice but not
recommended for diversified crops due to drainage problems.
Maculod series are also residual soils originated from igneous basalt rocks with a dark grayish brown
color and slightly compact, granular clay loam of about 50-70 centimeters deep overlaying weathered
basalt rocks subsoil. Imbedded ground lenses could be detected sometimes in its profile. This type can
be found in the rolling areas around the foot of Mount Makiling.

Dominant Soil in Calamba

Lipa loam is a dominant type of soil in Calamba comprising a total of 5,733.73 hectares or 54 % of the
total 10,568 hectares excluding Canlubang area. See Soil Distribution table.

Land Capability

Land capability classification is determined by its physical attributes such as soil properties, slopes,
degree of erosion, drainage, and flooding hazards and its chemical properties.

Moderately good land dominates among classes of land capability in Calamba with 2,825.94 hectares or
27% of the total 10,568 hectares.

Erosion Potential

Erosion is the group of natural processes including weathering dissolution, abrasion, and transportation
by which earthly and rock material are removed from any part of the earth's surface.
No apparent erosion dominates the class of erosion potential in the town with 3,965 hectares or 38% of
the total covered area. See various degree of erosion per barangay.

Area Devoted to Crops

The total effective agricultural area in 1996 was 2,418.17 hectares (17% of the total land area) while the
area devoted to diversified planting and livestock production is 1,451.25 hectares.
Lowland areas are predominantly planted to rice, with an average area of 966.89 hectares. These
ricelands are located in the different lowland barangays such as San Cristobal, Banlic, Lecheria, San Jose
and Banadero.
The upland areas are devoted to diversified crops such as vegetables, rootcrops, fruits, and commercial
crops like coffee, coconut and sugar cane. An estimated average area of 1,451.28 hectares were
allocated to diversified cropping.
An average area of 792.31 hectares is planted with vegetable. They are usually grown in upland areas
like Bunggo, Hornalan, Burol, Kay-Anlog and Portions of Makiling and Lamesa.
On the other hand, an average area of 104.96 hectares are allocated to planting rootcrops and 479.66
hectares to commercial crops.
Practically, Calamba is predominantly sugar cane area (402.76 hectares) but production decreased
somehow due to a number of reasons. This is largely grown in barangay Canlubang, Palo-Alto, Prinza,
Kay-Anlog, Punta and Prinza.
Coffee and fruit trees (76.9 hectares) is usually grown in the hilly part of Mabato, Hornalan and Bunggo.
For productive land use it is intercropped with fruit trees such as pineapple, papaya, guava, banana and
avocadoes.

CABUYAO
abuyao is located at the northern part of the province and is 43 km. away from Manila. It is bounded on
the west by the Cavite, on the north by Sta. Rosa and on the south by Calamba.
Cabuyao has 18 Barangays: three (3) are poblacion Barangays, six (6) are located along the national
highway, six (6) along Laguna de Bay and the remaining three (3) are located on the western side, near
the Cabuyao-Cavite boundary.
The City covers an area of 4,291.5648 has. which is broadly classified into agricultural and built up areas.
The Poblacion of Cabuyao is located at flat terrain. The city consists mostly of rolling narrow plains and
the remaining areas, which are situated in the western side, has few elevated portions.

Land uses (in has.):

o
Downtown Zone: 70.00 has
o

Urban Expansion Zone: 1,712.2528 has

General Development Zone: 388.3911 has

Industrial Zone: 900.00 has

Agricultural Development Zone: 474.6880 has

Environmental Conservation Zone: 375.0429 has

Port Development Zone: 371.1900 has

Total land area: 4, 291.5648 has.

Urban expansion area: 3, 973.5648 has
Population: 294,830
Number of barangays:
Urban: 17

Rural: 1

Basic Facilities:
Hospitals: 1 public & 1 private

Private Medical and Dental Clinics: 44

City health Offices: 2 (1 - Sala, 1 - Pulo)

Educational Institutions:
Universities and Colleges: 1 public & 4 private

High School: 7 public & 43 private

Elementary: 19 public & 91 private

Pre-Elem: 19 public & 97 private

Special Education (SPED): 1 public

Alternative Learning Center (ALS): 8

LAGUNA

D. SOIL
The soils of Laguna are classified into three general land types, namely: 1) soils of the fresh water marshes; 2) soils
of

the

plains;

3)

soils

of

the

rolling

areas,

hills

and

mountains.

Based on the genetical and morphological characteristics of the profile and texture of the surface soil, these land
types are further classified into soil series, soil types and phases suited to various crops and other uses.
Most soil types are of the rolling areas, hills and mountains estimated at 154,592.9 hectares, or 82.66 percent. They
are more commonly suited to trees, citrus and upland crops. The smallest portions are soils of the fresh water
marshes comprising about 4,899 hectares, or 2.62 percent, suited to hydraulic plants. Only about 14.72 percent
(27,525.7 hectares) are soils of the plains suited to rice, corn and vegetables, among others.

G. PHYSICAL CONSTRAINTS
1. Flood Prone Areas - Lumban, Kalayaan, Paete, Pakil, Pangil, Siniloan, Famy, Mabitac, Sta. Maria
2.

Geophysical

Landslide

prone/problem

Erosion

areas

prone/problem

Volcanic

Nagcarlan,

Kalayaan,

areas

Affected

Areas

Mabitac,

Siniloan,

Nagcarlan,
Los

Famy
Liliw

Baos,

Calamba

Calamity and Calamity Prone Areas as listed by the National Food Authority - Flood - Lumban, Kalayaan, Paete,
Pakil, Pangil, Siniloan, Famy, Mabitac, Sta. Maria
Laguna has a total registered population of 1,747,000 based on the May, 2000 National Statistics Official Survey. The
people

of

Laguna

are

known

to

be

hardworking,

highly

motivated,

good-natured,

and

friendly.

Laguna, with a total land area of 1,759.7 sq. km., has a density of 1,081.8 persons per sq. km. The densest district is

the 1st District with 5,591.5/sq.km. Its land area is just 105.2 sq. km. compared to the 4th District, which has 808.4 sq.
km. and density of just 532. The town of San Pedro alone, one of the smallest in terms of land area (22.6 sq. km.),
has

density

of

10,017.4.

Laguna has a very young population. The age bracket with the biggest share of the population is 5-9 years with
232,252. The next biggest age range is 15-19 years with 214,297; third is 10-14 with 213,747 and the bracket 1-4 is
the last above two hundred thousand bracket with 200,063.
For the year 2000, there were almost as many male as female. The females outnumbered the males by a very small
margin, by only 9,192. Of the 1,965,872 total populations, 987,532 were female and 978,340 were male. This means
that

the

ratio

of

male

to

female

is

1:1.009.

Mabitac has the highest average household size of 5.04, while Cavinti has the smallest at 4.29 per household. The
average household size for all other municipalities are within 4.69 provincial average of 417,886 total household
sizes.

1. Laguna is predominantly urban. In 2000, urban population of Laguna is 1,310,128. Only 655,744 reside in the rural
areas. The cities of San Pedro, Bian, Sta. Rosa and Calamba are the highly urbanized cities in Laguna where there
is rapid development of residential subdivisions, construction of physical and social infrastructure facilities and
construction of industrial estates and parks.