JWCL068_AppB_714-718.

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ppendix B
APhysical
Properties of Fluids
4.0
2.0
1.0
8
6

Glycerin
Castor oil

4
2
1 101
8
6

SAE 30W oil

4
SAE 10W-30 oil
2

, Dynamic viscosity, N s/m2

SAE 10W oil

1 10

8
6
4

Kerosene

2
Mercury
1 103
8
6

Octane

Carbon tetrachloride

Heptane

Water
2
1 104
8
6
4
2

Methane

Carbon dioxide

Air

Helium

1 105
8
6
20

Hydrogen
0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Temperature, C

F I G U R E B.1 Dynamic (absolute) viscosity of common fluids as a function

of temperature. To convert to BG units of lb sft2 multiply N sm2 by 2.089 10 2.
(Curves from R. W. Fox and A. T. McDonald, Introduction to Fluid Mechanics, 3rd Ed.,
Wiley, New York, 1985. Used by permission.)

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Appendix B Physical Properties of Fluids

1 102
8
6
4

1 103
8
6

in
er
yc
Gl
oil
W
30

E
SA

SA

10

W
3

oi

Helium

Hydrogen

, Kinematic viscosity, m2/s

JWCL068_AppB_714-718.qxd

1 104
8
6

SA

10

Methane

oil

Air

2
1 105
8
6

oxide
Carbon di

4
Kero

sene

Wat

Octa

1 106
8
6

er

ne

Heptane

4
Carbon te
trachlor

ide

2
Mercury
1 107
8
20

20

40

60

80

100

120

Temperature, C

F I G U R E B.2 Kinematic viscosity of common fluids (at atmospheric pressure) as a function of temperature. To convert to BG units of ft2 s multiply m2 s by 10.76.
(Curves from R. W. Fox and A. T. McDonald, Introduction to Fluid Mechanics, 3rd Ed.,
Wiley, New York, 1985. Used by permission.)

715

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Appendix B Physical Properties of Fluids

TA B L E B . 1
Physical Properties of Water (BG Units)a

Temperature
(F)

Density,
R
(slugsft3)

Specific
Weightb,
G
(lbft3)

32
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
120
140
160
180
200
212

1.940
1.940
1.940
1.938
1.936
1.934
1.931
1.927
1.918
1.908
1.896
1.883
1.869
1.860

62.42
62.43
62.41
62.37
62.30
62.22
62.11
62.00
61.71
61.38
61.00
60.58
60.12
59.83

Dynamic
Viscosity,
M
(lbsft2)
3.732
3.228
2.730
2.344
2.037
1.791
1.500
1.423
1.164
9.743
8.315
7.207
6.342
5.886

E5
E5
E5
E5
E5
E5
E5
E5
E5
E6
E6
E6
E6
E6

Kinematic
Viscosity,
N
(ft2s)
1.924
1.664
1.407
1.210
1.052
9.262
8.233
7.383
6.067
5.106
4.385
3.827
3.393
3.165

E5
E5
E5
E5
E5
E6
E6
E6
E6
E6
E6
E6
E6
E6

Surface
Tensionc,
S
(lbft)
5.18
5.13
5.09
5.03
4.97
4.91
4.86
4.79
4.67
4.53
4.40
4.26
4.12
4.04

E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3

Vapor
Pressure,
pv
[lbin .2(abs)]
8.854
1.217
1.781
2.563
3.631
5.069
6.979
9.493
1.692
2.888
4.736
7.507
1.152
1.469

E2
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E0
E0
E0
E0
E1
E1

Speed of
Soundd,
c
(fts)
4603
4672
4748
4814
4871
4819
4960
4995
5049
5091
5101
5195
5089
5062

Based on data from Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 69th Ed., CRC Press, 1988. Where necessary, values obtained by interpolation.
Density and specific weight are related through the equation g rg. For this table, g 32.174 ft s2.
c
In contact with air.
d
From R. D. Blevins, Applied Fluid Dynamics Handbook, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., Inc., New York, 1984.
b

TA B L E B . 2
Physical Properties of Water (SI Units)a

Temperature
(C)

Density,
R
(kg m3)

Specific
Weightb,
G
(kNm3)

0
5
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100

999.9
1000.0
999.7
998.2
995.7
992.2
988.1
983.2
977.8
971.8
965.3
958.4

9.806
9.807
9.804
9.789
9.765
9.731
9.690
9.642
9.589
9.530
9.467
9.399

Dynamic
Viscosity,
M
(Nsm2)
1.787
1.519
1.307
1.002
7.975
6.529
5.468
4.665
4.042
3.547
3.147
2.818

E3
E3
E3
E3
E4
E4
E4
E4
E4
E4
E4
E4

Kinematic
Viscosity,
N
(m2s)
1.787
1.519
1.307
1.004
8.009
6.580
5.534
4.745
4.134
3.650
3.260
2.940

E6
E6
E6
E6
E7
E7
E7
E7
E7
E7
E7
E7

Surface
Tensionc,
S
(Nm)
7.56
7.49
7.42
7.28
7.12
6.96
6.79
6.62
6.44
6.26
6.08
5.89

Based on data from Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 69th Ed., CRC Press, 1988.
Density and specific weight are related through the equation g rg. For this table, g 9.807 ms2.
c
In contact with air.
d
From R. D. Blevins, Applied Fluid Dynamics Handbook, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., Inc., New York, 1984.
b

E2
E2
E2
E2
E2
E2
E2
E2
E2
E2
E2
E2

Vapor
Pressure,
pv
[Nm2(abs)]
6.105
8.722
1.228
2.338
4.243
7.376
1.233
1.992
3.116
4.734
7.010
1.013

E2
E2
E3
E3
E3
E3
E4
E4
E4
E4
E4
E5

Speed of
Soundd,
c
(ms)
1403
1427
1447
1481
1507
1526
1541
1552
1555
1555
1550
1543

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Appendix B Physical Properties of Fluids

TA B L E B . 3
Physical Properties of Air at Standard Atmospheric Pressure (BG Units)a

Temperature
(F)
40
20
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
120
140
160
180
200
300
400
500
750
1000
1500
a

Density,
R
(slugsft3)
2.939
2.805
2.683
2.626
2.571
2.519
2.469
2.420
2.373
2.329
2.286
2.244
2.204
2.128
2.057
1.990
1.928
1.870
1.624
1.435
1.285
1.020
8.445
6.291

E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E4
E4

Specific
Weightb,
G
(lbft3)
9.456
9.026
8.633
8.449
8.273
8.104
7.942
7.786
7.636
7.492
7.353
7.219
7.090
6.846
6.617
6.404
6.204
6.016
5.224
4.616
4.135
3.280
2.717
2.024

E2
E2
E2
E2
E2
E2
E2
E2
E2
E2
E2
E2
E2
E2
E2
E2
E2
E2
E2
E2
E2
E2
E2
E2

Dynamic
Viscosity,
M
(lbsft2)
3.29
3.34
3.38
3.44
3.50
3.58
3.60
3.68
3.75
3.82
3.86
3.90
3.94
4.02
4.13
4.22
4.34
4.49
4.97
5.24
5.80
6.81
7.85
9.50

E7
E7
E7
E7
E7
E7
E7
E7
E7
E7
E7
E7
E7
E7
E7
E7
E7
E7
E7
E7
E7
E7
E7
E7

Kinematic
Viscosity,
N
(ft2 s)
1.12
1.19
1.26
1.31
1.36
1.42
1.46
1.52
1.58
1.64
1.69
1.74
1.79
1.89
2.01
2.12
2.25
2.40
3.06
3.65
4.51
6.68
9.30
1.51

E4
E4
E4
E4
E4
E4
E4
E4
E4
E4
E4
E4
E4
E4
E4
E4
E4
E4
E4
E4
E4
E4
E4
E3

Based on data from R. D. Blevins, Applied Fluid Dynamics Handbook, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., Inc., New York, 1984.
Density and specific weight are related through the equation g rg. For this table g 32.174 ft s2.

Specific
Heat
Ratio,
k
()

Speed
of
Sound,
c
(fts)

1.401
1.401
1.401
1.401
1.401
1.401
1.401
1.401
1.401
1.401
1.400
1.400
1.400
1.400
1.399
1.399
1.399
1.398
1.394
1.389
1.383
1.367
1.351
1.329

1004
1028
1051
1062
1074
1085
1096
1106
1117
1128
1138
1149
1159
1180
1200
1220
1239
1258
1348
1431
1509
1685
1839
2114

717

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Appendix B Physical Properties of Fluids

TA B L E B . 4
Physical Properties of Air at Standard Atmospheric Pressure (SI Units)a

Temperature
(C)

Density,
R
(kgm3)

Specific
Weightb,
G
(N m3)

40
20
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
200
300
400
500
1000

1.514
1.395
1.292
1.269
1.247
1.225
1.204
1.184
1.165
1.127
1.109
1.060
1.029
0.9996
0.9721
0.9461
0.7461
0.6159
0.5243
0.4565
0.2772

14.85
13.68
12.67
12.45
12.23
12.01
11.81
11.61
11.43
11.05
10.88
10.40
10.09
9.803
9.533
9.278
7.317
6.040
5.142
4.477
2.719

Dynamic
Viscosity,
M
(Nsm2)
1.57
1.63
1.71
1.73
1.76
1.80
1.82
1.85
1.86
1.87
1.95
1.97
2.03
2.07
2.14
2.17
2.53
2.98
3.32
3.64
5.04

E5
E5
E5
E5
E5
E5
E5
E5
E5
E5
E5
E5
E5
E5
E5
E5
E5
E5
E5
E5
E5

Kinematic
Viscosity,
N
(m2 s)
1.04
1.17
1.32
1.36
1.41
1.47
1.51
1.56
1.60
1.66
1.76
1.86
1.97
2.07
2.20
2.29
3.39
4.84
6.34
7.97
1.82

E5
E5
E5
E5
E5
E5
E5
E5
E5
E5
E5
E5
E5
E5
E5
E5
E5
E5
E5
E5
E4

Specific
Heat
Ratio,
k
()

Speed
of
Sound,
c
(ms)

1.401
1.401
1.401
1.401
1.401
1.401
1.401
1.401
1.400
1.400
1.400
1.399
1.399
1.399
1.398
1.397
1.390
1.379
1.368
1.357
1.321

306.2
319.1
331.4
334.4
337.4
340.4
343.3
346.3
349.1
354.7
360.3
365.7
371.2
376.6
381.7
386.9
434.5
476.3
514.1
548.8
694.8

Based on data from R. D. Blevins, Applied Fluid Dynamics Handbook, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., Inc., New York, 1984.
Density and specific weight are related through the equation g rg. For this table g 9.807 ms2.