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Clinical Manifestations
The patient with a sliding hernia may have heartburn, regurgitation,
and dysphagia, but at least 50% of patients are asymptomatic.
Sliding hiatal hernia is often implicated in reflux. The
patient with a paraesophageal hernia usually feels a sense of fullness
after eating or may be asymptomatic. Reflux usually does
not occur, because the gastroesophageal sphincter is intact. The
complications of hemorrhage, obstruction, and strangulation
can occur with any type of hernia.
Management
Management for an axial hernia includes frequent, small feedings
that can pass easily through the esophagus. The patient is advised
not to recline for 1 hour after eating, to prevent reflux or movement
of the hernia, and to elevate the head of the bed on 4- to
8-inch (10- to 20-cm) blocks to prevent the hernia from sliding
upward. Surgery is indicated in about 15% of patients. Medical
and surgical management of a paraesophageal hernia is similar to
that for gastroesophageal reflux; however, paraesophageal hernias
may require emergency surgery to correct torsion (twisting) of the
stomach or other body organ that leads to restriction of blood
flow to that area.
Hiatal HERNIA
Esophagus memasuki abdomen melalui sebuah sambungan di dalam diafragma dan
mengalir di ujung bawah ke dalam bagian atas perut/lambung. Biasanya, katup pada
diafragma mengelilingi esopaghus dengan sangat rapat, dan lambung berada sepenuhnya
di dalam abdomen. Pada sebuah kondisi yang dikenal sebagai hiatus (hiatal) hernia,
sambungan di dalam diafragma melewati esopaghus kemudian membesar., dan bagian atas
lambung cenderung bergeser masuk hingga ke bagian bawah rongga dada (thorax). Hiatal
Hernia terjadi lebih sering pada wanita dibanding pria. Ada dua jenis/tipe dari hiatal hernia
yaitu hernia geser (sliding) dan paraesophageal. Sliding at u tipe I, hiatal hernia terjadi
ketika bagian atas lambung dan persimpangan gastroesophageal (GEJ) bergerak lebih
tinggi/naik dan menyelinap keluar masuk dari rongga dada (thorax). (Gambar 35-8A).
Sekitar 90% pasisn dengan esophageal hiatal hernia memiliki sliding hernia (hernia geser).