LEGISLATIVE BRANCH

Is essentially the
authority under the
Constitutions to make
laws and subsequently,
when the need arises,
to alter and repeal
them.
COMPOSITION

QUALIFICATION

THE SENATE

HOUSE OF THE
REPRESENTATIVES

24 SENATORS ELECTED AT
LARGE

COMPOSED OF NOT MORE THAN 250

MEMBERS POPULARLY KNOWN AS
CONGRESSSMEN.

C
D
E

TERM OF OFFICE

SALARY

POWER AND FUNCTION

NATURAL BORN
CITIZEN OF THE
PHILIPPINES
ATLEAST 35 YEARS
OF AGE ON THE
ELECTION DAY
ABLE TO READ AND
WRITE
A REGISTERED
VOTER
A RESIDENT OF THE
PHILIPPINES FOR
NOT LESS THAN 2
YEARS

IT IS 6 YEARS. IT
SHALL COMMENCE,
UNLESS OTHERWISE
PROVIDED BY LAW,
AT NOON ON THE
3Oth DAY OF JUNE
NEXT FOLLOWING
THEIR ELECTION.
MAXIMUM 2 TERMS
P 35,000

NATURAL BORN CITIZEN OF

THE PHILIPPINES
B ATLEAST 25 YEARS OF AGE
ON THE DAY OF THE
ELECTION.
C ABLE TO READ AND WRITE
D EXCEPT FOR PARTY-LIST
REPRESENTATIVES, A
REGISTERED VOTER IN THE
DISTICT IN WHIH HE SHALL BE
ELECTED
E A RESIDENT THEREOF FOR
PERIOD OF NOT LESS THAN
ONE YEAR OF THE
PREEEDING DAY OF THE
ELECTION.
THE PROVISIONS ARE THE SAME AS
THOSE FOR THE SENATORS EXCEPT
THE LIMIT IS FOR NOT MORE THAN 3
CONSECUTIVE TERMS.

WHILE THE SENATE

PRESIDENT
P 40,000

CONGRESSMEN

-GENERAL LEGISLATIVE
POWER
- It is the power to enact laws
intended as rules of conduct to
govern the relations among
individuals or between the
individuals and the state.
SPECIFIC POWER
-They are powers which the
constitution expressly directs or
authorizes Congress to
exercise like power to choose
who shall become President in
case two or more candidates
have an equal and highest
number of votes.
IMPLIED POWER
-They are to those essential or
necessary to the effective
exercise of the powers
expressly granted, like the

CONCURRENCE OF BOTH HOUSES

-The Constitution grants Congress the
sole power to declare the existence of a
state of war.

P90,000-100,000

EXISTENCE OF WAR BEFORE

DECLARATION BEFORE CONGRESS
-While the responsibility to make the
declaration rests on Congress, the
president, however, through his dealings
with a foreign country , may bring about a
state affairs that congress may left with
no alternative but to recognize and
declare the existence of a state of war.

power to conduct inquiry and

investigation in aid of
legislation, to punish for
contempt, to determined the
rules of its proceedings.
INHERENT POWER
-They are the powers which are
possessed can be exercised by
government because they exist
as an attribute of sovereignty.
DISQUALIFICATION

NOT A NATURAL
BORN CITIZEN OF
THE PHILIPPINES
B NOT A RESIDENT OF
THE PHILIPPINES
FOR AT LEAST
2YEARS PRIOR ON
THE DAY OF
ELECTION.
C. INCOMPATIBLE OFFICE
-This includes any kind of office
or employment in the
government, or any subdivision,
agency, or instrumentality
thereof, including governmentowned or controlled
corporations or their
subsidiaries during his term.
D. FORBIDDEN OFFICE
-This refers to any office
created or the emoluments of
which increased during the term
for which he was elected, not
merely during his tenure and
period of actual incumbency.

NOT A RESIDENT OF THE

DISTRICT
B NOT A REGISTERED VOTER
OF THE DISTRICT
C NOT A NATURAL BORN
CITIZEN
D SOUND LEGISLATION
-A legislative body cannot legislate wisely
o0r effectively in the absence of good
facts respecting the conditions which
legislation is intended to affect or change:
ad where the legislative body does not
itself possess the requisite information
which is not frequently true recourse must
he had to others who do not possess it.
E OTHER DESIRABLE BENEFITS
-This incidental function of a legislative
body produces other desirable result

REMOVAL FROM OFFICE

1

Appearance as counsel
before any court of
justice, etc.
Financial interest in any
contract with
government.
Financial interest in any
special privilege
granted by the
government.
Intervention in certain
matters.

1
2
3

Promotion of high standard of

integrity in Congress
Financial and Business interests
Potential conflict of Interests

EXECUTIVE BRANCH
The power to administer
the laws, which means
carrying them into
practical operations and
enforcing their due
observance.
COMPOSITION

PRESIDENT

VICE PRESIDENT

1 LEGALLY ELECTED
PRESIDENT

1 LEGALLY ELECTED VICE-PRESIDENT

A
QUALIFICATION
B
C
D

TERM OF OFFICE

SALARY
POWER/FUNCTION

HE IS A NATURAL BORN
CITIZEN OF THE
PHILIPPINES
HE IS A REGISTERED
VOTER
HE IS ABLE TO RED
AND WRITE
HE IS ATLEAST 4O
YEARS OF AGE ON THE
DAY OF THE ELECTION
FOR PRESIDENT
HE IS A RESIDENT OF
THE PHILIPPINES FOR
ATLEST 10 YEARS
IMMEDIATELY
PROCEEDING SUCH
ELECTION.

6 YEARS WHICH SHALL BEGIN

WITH AT NOON ON THE 3Oth
DAY OF JUNE FOLLOWING
THE DAY OF THE ELECTION
AND SHALL END AT NOON OF
THE SAME DATE SIX YEARS
THERE AFTER.
ANNUAL SALARY (300,000)
1

Role of the President as

administrator-The above
provision emphasizes the
role of the President as
an administrator. As
administrative head, the
duty of the President is to
see to it that every
department, bureau and
office under executive
branch is managed and
maintained properly by
the person in charge of it
in accordance with
pertinent laws and
regulations.
Powers giving controlThere are two factors that
contribute to the effective
hold and control of the
President over all
executive departments,
bureaus, and offices, to

HE IS A NATURAL
BORN CITIZEN OF
THE PHILIPPINES
B HE IS A REGISTERED
VOTER
C HE IS ABLE TO RED
AND WRITE
D HE IS ATLEAST 4O
YEARS OF AGE ON
THE DAY OF THE
ELECTION FOR
PRESIDENT
E HE IS A RESIDENT OF
THE PHILIPPINES
FOR ATLEST 10
YEARS IMMEDIATELY
PROCEEDING SUCH
ELECTION.
6 YEARS WHICH SHALL BEGIN WITH AT NOON
OF THE ELECTION AND SHALL END AT NOON

ANNUAL SALARY (240,000)

The duties of the Vice- President are to support th

wit.
Over the cabinet
members-The power to
control of the President is
line with the concept of
cabinet members serving
as alter egos.
Over the subordinate
offices-The power to
control of the President
over all the executive
departments, bureaus,
and offices is not just
over the heads thereof
but extends to all other
subordinate offices.
Over offices and
employees and the
career service-The
President, however, has
no authority to directly
investigate and thereafter
remove even for a cause,
as an officer or employee
who belongs to the
career service.
Power to insure that the
laws be faithfully
executed
military power of the
President
a Power to meet
emergency situation
b

9
DISQUALIFICATION

B
C

Commander-in-chief
of the armed forces

Power to suspend
privilege of writ of habeas
corpus
Power to declare martial
law
NOT A RESIDENT OF
THE PHILIPPINES FOR
AT LEAST 10 YEARS
NOT A NATURAL BORN
CITIZEN
NOT A REGISTERED
VOTER

PROHIBITIONS DURING
THEIR TENURE
-During their tenure, the
President and the Vice-President,
as well as Members of the
Cabinet and their deputies and
assistants are just subject to
prohibitions, namely:
They shall not hold,
unless otherwise
provided in the
Constitution.
they shall not practice
any other profession
they shall not participate,
directly or indirectly, in
any business

A
B
C

NOT A RESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPI

NOT A NATURAL BORN CITIZEN
NOT A REGISTERED VOTER

D PROHIBITIONS DURING THEIR TEN

-During their tenure, the President and the Vice-P
deputies and assistants are just subject to prohibit

They shall not hold, unless otherwise prov

they shall not practice any other professio
they shall not participate, directly or indire
they shall not be financially interested, directly or i

they shall not be

financially interested,
directly or indirectly, in
any contract with, or in
any franchise

REMOVAL FROM OFFICE

JUDICIAL BRANCH
Judicial power includes the duty
of the courts of justice to settle
actual controversies involving
rights which are legally
demandable and enforceable,
and to determine whether or not
there has been grave abuse of
discretion amounting to lack or
excess of jurisdiction on the part
of any branch on instrumentality
of the Government.
COMPOSITION

QUALIFICATIONS

BRIBERY, GRAFT,
CORRUPTION, TREASON,
HIGH CRIMES AND
MISDEMEANORS.

BRIBERY, GRAFT, CORRUPTION, TREASON, H

SUPREME COURT

LOWER COURT

CHIEF JUSTICE AND 14

ASSOCIATES JUSTICE

COURT OF APPEALS,
SANDIGANBAYAN, AND COURT
OF TAX APPEALS

A
B

TERM OF OFFICE

SALARY

NATURAL BORN
FILIPINO
MUST HAVE BEEN A
JUDGE OF LOWER
COURT OR ENGAGED
IN LAW PRACTICE FOR
ATLEAST 15 YEARS A
PERSON OF
COMPETENCE,
INTEGRITY, PROBITY
AND INDEPENDENCE.

UNTIL THEY REACH 70 YEARS

OLD
-THEY OBSERVE GOOD
BEHAVIOR DURING OFFICE
-THEY STILL PHYSICALLY AND
MENTALLY CAPABLE TO
SERVE THEIR DUTIES
CHIEF JUSTICEP 240,000
ASSOCIATE JUSTICE P 204,000

A
B

NATURAL BORN
FILIPINO
MEMBER OF THE
PHILIPPINE BAR

OMBUDSMAN
NATURAL BORNFILIPINO
B AT LEAST 40 YEARS
OLD
C MEMBER OF THE
PHILIPPINE BAR
D JUDGE OR ENGAGED
IN LAW OF PRACTICE
FOR AT LEAST 10
YEARS
UNTIL THEY REACH 70 YEARS
OLD
-THEY OBSERVE GOOD
BEHAVIOR DURING OFFICE
-THEY STILL PHYSICALLY AND
MENTALLY CAPABLE TO
SERVE THEIR DUTIES
OMBUDSMAN P 204,000
A

POWER/FUNCTION

DISQUALIFICATIONS

REMOVAL FROM OFFICE

MUNICIPAL
Coordination and
delivery of basic, regular
and direct services and
effective governance of
the inhabitants within its
territorial jurisdiction

Exercise jurisdiction over

cases affecting other
public ministers and
consuls.
2 Review, revise, reverse,
modify, or affirm all
cases.
3 Assign temporarily judges
of lower courts to other
stations as public interest
may require.
4 Order a change of venue
or place of trial to avoid
miscarriage of Justice.
5 Promulgate rules
concerning the protection
and enforcement of
constitutional rights.
6 Appoints all officials and
employees of the
Judiciary in accordance
with the civil service law.
THEY CANNOT BE ASSIGNED
TO QUASI-JUDICIAL AND
ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES
DUE TO THE FF:
1 THE SEPARATION OF
POWERS BETWEEN
JUDICIAL AND
EXECUTIVE BRANCHES
2 MAY COMPROMISE
THE INDEPENDENCE IN
THE PERFORMANCE
OF THEIR JUDICIAL
FUNCTIONS
3 MAY RESULT IN THE
DELAY OF THEIR
DUTIES, GIVEN IN THE
NUMEROUS CASES
PENDING COURTS.
IMPEACHMENT
CULPABLE VIOLATION
OF THE
CONSTITUTION,
TREASON, BRIBERY,
GRAFT AND
CORRUPTION,
BETRAYAL OF PUBLIC
TRUST

PROVINCIAL
Enforce all laws and
ordinances, and
implements all approved
policies, programs,
projects, services and
activities of the province.

Court of tax appeals

1 Original jurisdiction to
issue writ of mandamus,
prohibition, certiorari,
habeas corpus, and quo
warranto, and auxiliary
writs of process.
2 exclusive original
jurisdiction over actions
for annulment of
judgements of regional
trial court
3 exclusive appellate
jurisdiction over all final
judgements

THEY CANNOT BE ASSIGNED

TO QUASI-JUDICIAL AND
ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES
DUE TO THE FF:
1 THE SEPARATION OF
POWERS BETWEEN
JUDICIAL AND
EXECUTIVE BRANCHES
2 MAY COMPROMISE
THE INDEPENDENCE IN
THE PERFORMANCE
OF THEIR JUDICIAL
FUNCTIONS
MAY RESULT IN THE DELAY OF
THEIR DUTIES, GIVEN IN THE
NUMEROUS CASES PENDING
COURTS.

GROSS IGNORANCE
OF THE LAW,
INCOMPETENCE,
IMMORALITY SUCH AS
MAINTAINING A
MISTRESS

CITY
Enforce all laws
ordinances, and
implement all approved
policies, programs,
projects, services and
activities of the city

BARANGAY
Serves as the primary
planning and implementing
unit of government policies,
plans, programs, projects
and activities in the
community

COMPOSITI
ON

Municipal Mayor, Vice

Mayor, Member of the
board, Councilors and
appointive officials
(Municipality secretary,
treasurer, Justice of the
peace, and chief of
police)
Must be a
citizen of the
Philippines
Registered
Voter
Resident of the
municipality
where he
proposes to be
elected
Able to read and
write
at least 18 years
of age on the
election day

Governor, ViceGovernor, members of

the provincial board and
appointive provincial
officials.

City Mayor, Vice-Mayor,

City Representatives,
City Council, and
appointed city
department head.

Barangay Captain, 7
members of the barangay
officials, Youth Council,
Barangay Secretary,
Barangay treasurer, Lupong
tagapamayapa

Must be a
citizen of the
Philippines
Registered voter
Resident of the
province where
he proposes to
be elected
Able to read and
write
At least 23
years of age on
the election day

Must be a
citizens of the
Philippines
Registered
Voter
Resident of the
city where he
propose to be
elected
at least 21
years of age on
the election
day

Barangay Captain and 7

members of the
Barangay Council
Must be a citizen of
the Philippines
Must be at least 18
years of age on the
election day
Must be qualified
voters
in
the
barangay
they
propose
to
be
elected
Must be a resident
in the barangay for
at least 1 year
immediately
preceding the day
of the election
Must be able to
read
and
write
Filipino or any other
local language or
dialect
Youth Council
At least 15 years of
age and not more
than 21 years of
age
Citizens
of
the
Philippines
Able to read and
write Filipino or any
other
local
language or dialect
Registered voter in
the constituency in
the locality
Resident thereof for
a period

TERM OF
OFFICE

3 years (cannot served

for more than 3
consecutive terms)

3 years (cannot served

for more than 3
consecutive terms)

3 years (cannot served

for more than 3
consecutive terms)

All the barangay officials 3years (cannot served for

more than 3 consecutive
terms)

SALARY

Municipal Mayor
P63-68,000
Vice Mayor
P54-58,000
Sangguniang bayan
memberP49-54,000

Provincial GovernorP 79, 000

Provincial Vice
Governor- P 68,000
Sangguniang
Panlalawigan MemberP 63, 000

City Mayor P 79,000

Vice Mayor-P 68,000
Sangguniang
panlungsod- P 63,000

Barangay CaptainP 23,000

Sangguniang Barangay
Member- P 17,000
Barangay Secretary &
Treasurer- P17,000

QUALIFICA
TIONS

POWER/
FUNCTION

Execute all laws

and ordinaces
To supervised
the
administration of
towns
To issue orders
relative o the
maintenance of
peace and order
To preside over
the meetings of
municipal
council
To recommend
measure to the
municipal
council aimed at
the
improvement of
the social and
economic
conditions of the
people
Municipal Council
To fix all the
salaries of all
municipal offices
and employees,
except the
treasurer,
teachers in the
public school,
and staff of
national
government
agencies
assigned to the
municipality.
To provide for
buildings
adequate for
municipal uses,
including school
houses
To provide for
the levy and
collection of
taxes, fees, and
charge as
sources of
municipal
revenue
To establish and
maintain
efficient police
department and
an adequate
municipal jail

Provincial
Governor
Exercises
general
supervisorypow
ers over the
entire province
Also makes
known to the
people of his
province all laws
and orders of
the government,
especially those
which directly
concern them
and sees to it
that they are
faithfully carried
out
Acquaints
himself with the
conditions of the
municipalities
comprising the
province and
advises local
officials in
matters affecting
their official work
Provincial Board
It passes laws
for the welfares
of the
municipalities
and cities within
its jurisdiction
it prepares and
approves the
provincial
budgets
It appropriates
money for
provincial
purposes;
it exercises the
power of
eminent domain
It provides for
the maintenance
of equipment
and buildings for
provincial
purposes

City Mayor
Exercise
general
supervision
and control
over all
programs,
projects,
services and
activities of the
city.
Determine the
guideline of the
city policies
and be
responsible to
the
sangguniang
panlungsod for
the program of
the government
Initiate and
propose
legislative
measures to
the
sangguniang
panlungsod
Appoint all
officials and
employees
whose salaries
and wages are
wholly or
mainly paid out
of city funds
Ensures that all
executive
officials and
employees of
the city
faithfully
discharge their
duties and
functions as
provided by law
and the code
Visits the
barangay of the
city at least
once every 6
months to
deepen his
understanding
of problems
and conditions
Enforces all
laws and
ordinances
relative to the
governance of
the city and in
the exercise of
the appropriate
corporate

Enforce all laws

and ordinances
which are
applicable within
the barangay
Negotiate enter
into, and sign
contracts for and in
behalf of the
barangay, upon
authorization of the
sangguniang
barangay
Maintain Public
orderin the
barangay and
pursuance thereof,
assist the city or
municipal mayor
and he sanggunian
members in the
performance of
their duties and
functions
In coordination with
the barangay
development
council, prepare the
annual executive
and supplemental
budgets of the
barangay
Approve vouchers
relating to the
disbursement of
barangay funds
enforce rules and
regulations relating
to pollution control
and protection of
environment
Administer the
operatiojn of the
katarungang
pambarangay in
accordance to the
provision code
Exercise the
general supervision
over the activities
of the sangguniang
kabataan
Conduct an annual
palarong
pambarangay whch
shall feature
traditional sports
and disciplines
included in nationa
and international
games, in
coordination with
the department of
education, culture
and sports

power
Initiate and
maximize the
generation of
resources and
revenues, and
apply the same
to the
objectives, and
priorities
Ensure the
delivery of
basic services
and the
provision of
adequate
facilities
Exercise such
other power
and perform
such other
duties and
functions as
may be
prescribed by
law or
ordinance
City Council
to levy and
collect
taxes in
accordanc
e with law
to enact
ordinances
to provide
for public
works
constructio
ns and for
the
maintenan
ce of local
police
force
to
establish
fire zones
within the
city and to
regulate
the type of
building
which may
be
constructe
d within
each zone
to provide
for the
protection
of the
inhabitants
from public
calamities

Promote the
general welfare of
the barangay

and to
provide
relied in
times of
emergency
DISQUALIFI
CATION

Sexual
Harassment
Omnibus
election code
Overspending
Disloyalty to the
Republic of the
Philippines
Culpable
violation of
constitution
Dishonesty,
oppression,
misconduct in
the office, gross
negligence or
dereliction of
duty
Commission of
any offense
involving moral
turpitude, or
offense
punishable by at
least prison
mayor which is
from 6 years
and 1 day to 12
years
imprisonment
Unauthorized
absence of 15
consecutive
years working
days, in the
case of local
chief executives
and 4
consecutive
sessions in case
of membersof
the sangguniang
panlalawigan,
sangguniang
panlungsod,
sangguniang
bayan,
sangguniang
barangay
Application for
or acquisition of
foreign
citizenship

Disloyalty to the
Republic of the
Philippines
Culpable
violation of
Constitution
Dishonesty,
oppression,
misconduct in
the office, gross
negligence or
dereliction of
duty
Commission of
any offense
involving moral
turpitude, or an
offense
punishable by at
least prison
mayor which is
from 6 years
and 1 day to 12
years
imprisonment
Unauthorized
absence of 15
consecutive
working days, in
the case of the
local chief
executives and
4 consecutive
sessions in case
of members of
the sangguniang
panglalawigan,
sagguiniang
panglungsod,
sangguniang
bayan, and
sangguniang
bayan, and
sangguniang
baragay
Application for
or acquisition of
foreign
citizenship or
residence or
status of
immigrant of
another country
Such other
grounds as may
be provided by
the code RA
6713; RA 3019;
Administrative

Disloyalty to
the Republic of
the Philippines
Culpable
violation of
construction
Dishonesty,
oppression,
misconduct in
the office,
gross
negligence or
dereliction of
duty
Commission of
any offense
involving moral
turpitude, or an
offense
punishable by
at least prison
mayor which is
from 6 years
and 1 day to 12
years
imprisonment
Unauthorized
absence of 15
consecutive
working days,
in the case of
the local chief
executives and
4 consecutive
sessions in
case of
members of the
sangguniang
panglalawigan,
sagguiniang
panglungsod,
sangguniang
bayan, and
sangguniang
bayan, and
sangguniang
barangay
Application for
or acquisition
of foreign
citizenship or
residence or
status of
immigrant of
another country
Such other
grounds as
may be
provided by the

Disloyalty to the
republic of the
Philippines
Capable violation of
the constitution
Dishonesty,
oppression,
misconduct in the
office, gross
negligence
Commission of any
offense involving
moral turpitude, or
an offense
punishable by at
least prison mayor
Abuse of authority
An authorized
absence of 15
consequences
working days
Application for
acquisition of
foreign citizenship
or residence or the
rise status of
immigrants of
another country

code of 1987,
the revise Penal
code and all
other applicable
general and
special laws.

REMOVAL
FROM
OFFICE

Neglect of duty,
Oppression, corruption,
any crime involving
moral turpitude, adultery

Death
Impeachment
Permanent
Disability

code RA 6713;
RA 3019;
Administrative
code of 1987,
the revise
Penal code and
all other
applicable
general and
special laws.
Death
upon valid
complaint
( Can be
removed by the
action of the
officer of
Ombudsman )
Under RA
6774, known
as the
Ombudsman
law.
The
Ombudsman
has the power
to dismiss any
public official
whether
appointment or
elected based
on valid
grounds upon
due process
( notice and
hearings )
Based on
grounds for
provided in the
Construction
Based on the
Grounds in the
Local
Government
code

Neglect of duty,
Oppression, corruption, any
crime involving moral
turpitude, adultery