Estimation of HSP from Multilevel DatadBitumen

C3

Appendix

Box C3.1 The Unlike Character of GOOD Solvents

The one solvent found GOOD with a Solubility Grade of 1,
and located outside the solubility sphere, is carbon
tetrachloride.

Isophorone
HSP of 17.0, 8.2, 7.4 MPa^1/2
Carbon Tetrachloride
HSP of 17.8, 0.0, 0.6 MPa^1/2
There are two solvents which perform well in the
dissolving test, having Solubility Grades of 1, but which are
not found to be within the optimized sphere. They are
isophorone and carbon tetrachloride. They are very different
solvents, with very different values of HSP, and one cant
help but notice that their sole common feature is that they
both dissolve samples of bitumen.

This situation illuminates the hazard of using the syllogism

like dissolves like, which this author certainly does. In other
words, if carbon tetrachloride dissolves bitumen (major
premise) and isophorone dissolves bitumen (minor premise),
then carbon tetrachloride must be like isophorone (conclusion).
The similarity between these two solvents appears to not
include a highly similar values of Hildebrand Solubility
Parameter (Chapter 2.8.2), [17.8 and 19.9 MPa respectively].

Box C3.2 The Tactics of Optimization

The proper tactics for employing the optimization technique
of Equation C1-4 is to use the optimization functions in
a spreadsheet to seek values of the three HSP and RO which
produce a DF 1 (all solvents classied as either GOOD and
IN or BAD and OUT).
For every optimization trial, use the starting points of local
favor or the values of 15, 5, 5, and 5 MPa for disperse,
hydrogen bonding, polar, and RO respectively.
If a DF 1 cannot be produced by the optimization
function, choose another starting point until it is evident that
the optimum found where DF 1 is the global optimum and
not a local one. Accept those values of solubility parameters
and RO.

B.

These characteristics are those of soils found in industrial

cleaning operations. In addition, although bitumen is not
a single-phase material which on a micro-scale is populated
with a dispersion of colloidal soil particles not readily
separable, many soils found in cleaning operations have
colloidal dispersions of particles. These particles may be
suspended or emulsied (micelles) within the single-phase
material. In cleaning operations these particles may be
just thatdmetal particles which are not soluble in any
cleaning solvent but are removed from the parts as the bulk
single-phase soil is removed.

BITUMEN IS SIMILAR TO A SOIL

Bitumen is an excellent candidate for the use of HSP in

cleaning operations, because it is typical of many soils
found in real-world cleaning situations. Bitumen is:

characteristics within its components, or else it would

be a blend of different phases.
A mixture whose composition is not known, probably
never will be known, and probably never needs to be
known.
A mixture whose composition is variable among
grades, and sampling times and locations. In Table
C3-1 each of the fteen sample code numbers
represents a material unlike all the others in some way.

A mixture of more than one component type. The

molecules of each component type differ in size and
probably in structure.
A single-phase material on a macro-scale, indicating
that there is a certain commonality about solubility

C. HANSEN SOLUBILITY
PARAMETERS ARE NOT LEGAL
TENDER
HSP values are estimates (Chapter 2.9.1) and thermodynamic properties (Chapter 2.9.2). But they do not always
fully characterize a solution and its components. In
other words, individual values of disperse, polar, and

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