SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

CASE STUDY ON KAPRA MUNCIPALITY

SUBMITTED TO:

SUBMITTED BY:

Prof. Ravi Anand

C.Preethi Singh 050210

Planning workshop-II

K.Vaidehi 050220

Department of Urban & Regional planning

JNTU School of Planning & Architecture
Mahavirmarg, Hyderabad 500 028
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OVERVIEW
Solid waste management issues
Need for Solid waste management
SWM in India
SWM case study I (AMC)
SWM case study II (SMC)
Present case study Kapra municipality
Recommendations
Conclusions

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SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

IN INDIA

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INDIA
Indias Population = 1027 Million
Urban Population = 285 Million
Urban Areas (Cities / Towns) = 5161
In India, the amount of waste generated per capita is estimated to
increase at a rate of 1% 1.33% annually
Industrialization and economic growth has produced more amounts
of waste, including hazardous and toxic wastes

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MAGNITUDE OF PROBLEM
Per capita waste generation increasing by 1.3% per annum
With urban population increasing between 3 3.5% per annum
Yearly increase in waste generation is around 5% annually
India produces 42.0 million tons of municipal solid waste annually at
present.
Per capita generation of waste varies from 200 gm to 600 gm per
capita / day. Average generation rate at 0.4 kg per capita per day in
0.1 million plus towns.
Collection efficiency ranges between 50% to 90% of the solid waste
generated.
Urban Local Bodies spend around Rs.500/- to Rs.1500/- per ton on
solid waste management of which:
60-70% of the amount is on collection alone
20% - 30% on transportation
Hardly any fund is spent on treatment and disposal of waste
Crude dumping of waste in most of the cities
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Characteristics of Municipal Solid Waste

Compostable / Bio-degradable = 30% - 55%
matter
(can be converted into manure)
Inert material

= 40% - 45% (to go to landfill)

Recyclable materials

= 5% - 10% (Recycling)

These percentages vary from city to city depending on food

habits

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PRESENT STATUS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT

STORAGE OF WASTE AT SOURCE IS LACKING
Domestic and trade waste thrown on streets
Construction debris left unattended bio-medical waste disposed in
municipal waste stream
Industrial waste disposed of in open areas
Segregation of recyclable waste at source not done
Primary collection of waste not done at place of generation
Design & location of municipal waste storage depots inappropriate,
resulting in littering of garbage .
Waste transportation done in open vehicles
Final disposal done through crude dumping
Rag pickers collect recyclables from municipal bins / dumpsites and
litter the waste causing insanitary conditions.
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REASONS FOR IMPROPER MANAGEMENT OF WASTE

Lack of planning for waste management while planning townships
Lack of proper institutional set up for waste management, planning
and designing in urban local bodies
Lack of technically trained manpower
Lack of community involvement
Lack of expertise and exposure to city waste management using
modern techniques / best practices
Lack of awareness creation mechanism
Lack of Management Information Systems
Lack of funds with ULBs
Indifferent attitude of ULBs to levy user charges and sustainability

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MAIN ISSUES
Absence of segregation of waste at source
Lack of technical expertise and appropriate institutional
arrangement
Unwillingness of ULBs to introduce proper collection,
segregation, transportation and treatment / disposal systems.
Indifferent attitude of citizens towards waste management due to
lack of awareness
Lack of community participation towards waste management
and hygienic conditions
Lack of funds with ULBs

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Success story of
Solid Waste Management
in

Ahmedabad municipality
( Case study at National Level)

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AHMEDABAD MUNCIPALITY
First in India to Introduce concept of handle waste once only.
Community based primary collection system to cover all
households, shops and establishments to ensure zero garbage
on the road.
All slums to be covered under the new system.
Bio-organic fertilizer (soil enriched) to be produced from
waste as a mode of final disposal of waste.
All hospitals, nursing homes waste to be incinerated/
disinfected before disposal.
Project cost: Rs.100 Millions.
Project period: 2 years.

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A
H
M
E
D
A
B
A
D

M
A
P
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WASTE GENERATION
1200 tons waste is generated per day
The garbage is removed on the same day
The garbage is disposed off at the landfill site at Pirana
Hospital waste is being incinerated
AMC has employed more than 6500 sweepers to cover an area of
190.84 sq. kms.
The AMC has recently increased its temporary waste storage pits
from 462 to 708
Open waste storage sites are being phased out and replaced by
large garbage containers (4.5 to 10 M size)
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Community Based Primary Collection

System
Segregation of recyclable waste at source.
One community bin per 15-20 household for storage of
organic waste.
Waste from such 80 to 100 bins to be cleared by a tricycle and
taken to the nearest collection point by a contractor.
Tricycle are also used for collection of waste from Safai Kamdar
in their beats and taken to large bins.
One tricycle covers 10 beats and 1200 tricycle are being
contracted.
Special emphasis is put on covering the 41% of City
population living in slums
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CONTD..

This Pilot project is of Clean Ahmedabad Abhiyan taken up by

Prathana Construction, SBI Staff Association & SEWA (N.G.O.).
Ahmedabad is one of the first cities in India having a full
mechanized system of transporting solid waste.
No manual loading of waste.
126 Vehicles and machinery's are deployed for transportation.
Disposal of waste: Mostly the Municipal waste is disposed of at the
landfill / site at Pirana.

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Another success story

in SWM
Suryapet Municipality
(Case study at state level)

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About Suryapet Municipality

It is first grade Municipality in Nalgonda District of AP with a
population of 1.04 lakhs and spread over 35 Sq.Km.
It consists of 34 wards.
The drains in the town expand to 400 km by covering 44
slums.
6323 households are benefited to worth of Rs. 2.80 crores from
Integrated Low Cost Sanitation Program with 65% subsidy
scheme.

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Particulars
Area
Population

Details
35 Sq.Km
60630-93239

Length of roads

331 km

Length of drains

400 km

No. of tap connections

8050

No of public stand posts

613

No of street lighting

7523

No. of ILCS

6323

Tree plantation

24000

Income

636.13 lakhs

Expenditure

465.92 lakhs

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Issues in waste management

Rate of waste generation

Facilities of storage of different kinds of waste
Segregation of recyclable wastes
Collection system of different types of wastes
Construction waste
Street sweeping
Waste storage points/ depots
Work norms
Transportation of waste
Processing and disposal of waste

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Programmes include

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Staff training programme

Public awareness programme
Awareness of community people
Household awareness
Academics participation
Awareness camps of traders and market associations
Leading from the front
Capacity building of municipal staff
Free medical camps to personnel
Health insurance for the sanitation staff

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IMPLEMENTING THE INTERVENTION

Removal of community dustbins
Introduction of two plastic bins system
Special arrangement of litter bins at important locations of the
town
Garbage collection suing tricycles
Night sweeping
Brainstorming sessions
Involvement of women groups like DWCUA etc

SOURCES OF FUNDS
The project was implemented with the municipal funds, as per
the allocation made in the budget.
CPCB has sanctioned a project cost of 298.00 lakhs with 50%
grant and 50% municipal share.

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SOLID WASTE PROCESSING UNITS

The recycle unit is established at the distance of 5 km from
the heart of the town by constructing a shed in an extent of 11
acres of land.
The dry garbage is segregated into plastic, glass and metal
and sold out to scrap dealers.
The organic waste is pulverized and used for vermin
composting.
This segregation covered to waste minimization, thereby
saving a tremendous chunk of valuable urban land i.e.,
otherwise used for land filling.

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SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

IN KAPRA MUNICIPALITY

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KAPRA SWM DETAILS

Radial area of Kapra municipality is about 47kms with a
population of 1,65,000consisting of 37 wards
Every year there is an increase of 20% per year in population, so
therefore in 2007 population it is 4lakhs approximately.
The average household waste collected is about 250 grams per
day.
There is also provision of weekly markets in this municipality
There are 2 vegetable markets: kushaiguda & nacharam
respectively in which 4 metric tones of waste is generated per
day.
House to house collection is been done by 20 rickshaws were
each rickshaw hold waste of 200 families
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CONTD
Rag pickers bring almost 30% of segregated waste
Waste generated from hotels is approximately 2 metric tones.
Daily lifting of wastes is been dump in jawaharnagar dumping
yard.
The Jawaharnagar sanitary landfill is in an extent of 30 50
acres, located within 7.5 km of the existing Begumpet and
Hakimpet airports
15 vehicles are working for this purpose and 10 tractors are
used to collect the waste from other places within the
municipality
There are 5 dump places in the municipality itself
It costs Rs.30,000 for 10 tones of waste to dump in dumpyard
per month and 5 labors are being employed for this purpose
Bleaching powder is used for reducing unwanted smell
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RECOMMENDATIONS
Outsourcing of all activities under Solid Waste Management
Services recommended by 12th Finance Commission for using
grants
ULBs to concentrate on segregation of waste at source
Waste processing like composting, bio-methanation should be
done through public-private partnerships / private sector
Final disposal viz. sanitary land filling to be done under public
private partnerships / private sector
Bio-medical waste to be managed by Central Bio-Medical Waste
Management Facilities.

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RECOMMENDED APPROACHES TO WASTE PROCESSING

& DISPOSAL
I

Wealth from waste (processing of organic waste)

(A) waste to compost
(I)
aerobic / anaerobic composting
(II)
vermi-composting
(B) waste to energy
(I)
refuse derived fuel (rdf) / pelletization
(II)
bio-methanation
Ii
Recycling of waste
Iii
Sanitary land filling
Iv
Treatment of bio-medical waste separately

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CONCLUSION
SWM is a vital, ongoing and large public service system, which
needs to be efficiently provided to the community to maintain
aesthetic and public health standards.
Various programmes should be conducted for increasing
public awareness.
NGOs may come forward to promote the activity.

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