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09/10/2015
STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS
&
EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS
&
EARTHQUAKE
ENGINEERING
Presented by
Prof. R. S. DESAI
UNIT-IV
RESPONSE SPECTRUM THEORY
RESPONSE SPECTRUM
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RESPONSE SPECRUM
RESPONSE SPECTRUM
Chamoli, Comp-N20E
300
Acceleration (cm/sec )
200
100
-100
-200
-300
500
-400
400
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
300
Acceleration (cm/sec )
TIME (sec)
200
100
-100
-200
-300
-400
-500
10
12
14
TIME (sec)
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Each of the above SDOF structure is subjected to the
selected ground motion excitation at BASE for full
duration of the accelerogram.
RESPONSE SPECTRUM
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All three spectra are skillfully used in defining or constructing the design
response spectrum, which will be discussed later.
Therefore, a combined plot showing all three of the spectral quantities is
desirable. This integrated presentation is possible because of the relationship
that exists between these three quantities.
log Sd =log Sv - log n
log Sa = log Sv +log n
From Equations , it is evident that a plot on logarithmic graph paper with logSv as ordinate and
log n as abscissa, the two equations are straight lines with slopes -45 and +45 for constant
values of logSd and logSa, respectively.
If log of time period T, instead of log n, is considered, then these orthogonal straight lines
are interchanged. Thus, a four way log plot as shown in Figure can be used to plot all three
spectra
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Idealized response spectrum RESPONSE
by a series SPECTRUM
of straight lines for El Centro earthquake10
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b. The design spectrum should be representative of spectra for past earthquake ground motions in the
region. If there are insufficient or no earthquake records available for the region, then records of other
sites under similar conditions may be used. The factors that should be considered for identifying
similar conditions include the magnitude of the earthquake, distance of the site from the fault, fault
mechanism, geology of the travel path of the seismic waves from the source to the site, and the local soil
conditions of the site.
c. A single response spectrum may not be able to represent the variations in the spectra of all past
earthquakes in the region. Therefore, two response spectra, one mean spectrum, with the other being
the mean plus one standard deviation spectrum, should be considered as design spectra.
d. The design response spectrum should be a normalized response spectrum with respect to the peak
ground acceleration (PGA), as thePGA may drastically vary from one place to another. Furthermore, a
design response spectrum should be consistent with the specification of the level of the seismic design
force, or the deformation of structures experienced during previous earthquakes.
Finally, the design response spectrum should be consistent with seismic design philosophy. Currently,
a dual design philosophy is adopted (which will be discussed later). This requires specification of two
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gmax=c1* gmax/g
ugmax=c2* gmax/ gmax
3. The values of c1 and c2 are determined from the recorded
earthquake data. Typical values of c1 and c2 may be taken as c1
=1:22 to 0:92 m.s-1 and c2=6.
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4. On the four way log graph paper, plot the baseline showing gmax, ug max
and gmax as hown in Figure. Multiply These quantities by the
amplification factors A, D, and V, respectively, to obtain the lines bc, de,
and cd.
d
c
e
c
f
a
f
a
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Exact values of time periods corresponding to points a, b, e, and f depend upon recorded data in the
region. Similarly, values of aA, aD, and aV also depend upon the recorded earthquake data. In
reference [4] some representative values of aA, aD, and aV for mean and mean plus one standard
deviation spectra obtained from a set of large earthquake data are given. Note that the values of aA,
aD, and aV depend upon the damping, as expected.
Once the design spectrum is drawn in a four way log plot, the normalized acceleration response
spectrum can be obtained in an ordinary plot. A typical plot of the normalized pseudo acceleration
spectrum (derived from a log plot) as given in the codes of practice is shown in Figure below. It is
seen from the figure that spectral accelerations (Sa) for a soft soil profile are more compared with
those of a hard soil profile at periods of more than 0.5 s. This is the case because the amplified
factors aA, aD, and aV substantially change with the soil conditions.
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Acceleration(cm/sec )
200
100
-100
-200
-300
-400
10
15
20
25
30
35
TIME (sec)
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200
Acceleration(cm/sec )
100
-100
-200
-300
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-400
RESPONSE SPECTRUM
0
10
15
20
24
25
30
35
TIME (sec)
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1.
2.
3.
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Parameter
Motion parameters
from time history of
ground motion are
a.acceleration
b.velocity
c.displacement
P.H.A
Peak horizontal
acceleration
Parameter
(ground
motion
spectra)
1. Fourier
spectra
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