Chapter 1

1.Bring out the various Models of organizational

behavior?
Ans. Given in Notebook

2.Discuss the importance of Motivation in the

organization?
Ans. Given in notebook

3.What do you mean by Content theory? Explain

the role of Content theory in the organization.
Ans. Given in the notebook

4.Explain Theory of X and Y, and E.R.G theory

Ans. Given in the notebook

5.What do you mean by Process theory? Explain.

Ans. Given in the notebook

6.Explain Reinforcement theory.

Ans. Given in the notebook

Chapter 2
1.What do you mean by group?
Ans. A group is a collection of individuals who interact with each
other such that one persons actions have an impact on the
others. In organizations, most work is done within group. Groups
where people get along, feel the desire to contribute to the team,
and are capable of coordinating their efforts may have high
performance levels.
In organizations, you may encounter different types of
groups. Informal work groups are made up of two or
more individuals who are associated with one another in ways
not prescribed by the formal organization. For example, a few

people in the company who get together to play tennis on the

weekend would be considered an informal group. A formal
work group is made up of managers, subordinates, or both
with close associations among group members that influence
the behavior of individuals in the group.

2. What are the different types of formal group

Ans. Given in the notebook
3. What do you mean by Formal Groups?
Ans. Schools, church, hospitals, government, civic organizations
etc are all examples of formal groups. In these groups, there are
clearly defined hierarchical structures and roles and
responsibilities of the members. Inside these groups, there are
formal groups that are made by the management and entrusted
with tasks that are completed according to set procedure and
guidelines by the members of the group. The members are bound
to the group in relationships of boss and subordinates. Formals
groupings are mostly made to achieve organizational goals and
better coordination while doing work related activities is the
primary motive of formal groups.
In formal groups, roles and responsibilities are defined, and so
are the norms governing the nature of interaction between the
members of the group. The duration of formal groups is
predetermined though there are formal groups that continue for
very long. Of all the work inside an organization, majority is
completed through formal groups.
4. What do you mean by Informal Groups?
Ans. Informal groups are not made by the management but get
made on their own inside an organization because of constant

interaction between members. Personal relationships rather than

work related requirements dominate the formation and working of
informal groups inside organizations. Personal and psychological
needs of the members are satisfied by such formations, but the
overall effectiveness of work inside an organization is greatly
affected by informal groups. Let us see this effect through an
example.
Though an employee from the sales team and another person
working in production may not be members of a formal group,
they may have a great friendship. This relationship enables the
sales person to be aware of the delivery schedule greatly
enhancing his sales efforts. On the contrary, because of the
friendship, the production employee may prefer items sold by the
sales employee affecting the overall production schedule thus
affecting the performance of the production team.

5. What is the difference between Formal and Informal

Groups?
Membership in formal groups is determined by the management
of the organization, and the roles and responsibilities of the
members are also predefined
Membership in informal groups is voluntary and dependent upon
the whims and likings of people
Formal groups are made to further the interests of the
organization while informal groups are made to satisfy the
personal and psychological needs of the individuals
It is the endeavor of the management to make judicious use of
both formal and informal groups to best serve the interests of an
organization

 Better coordination of work related activities is the primary

concern of any formal group.

7. What are the various stages in forming Group

formation?
Stages of Group Formation
Group Development is a dynamic process. How do groups evolve?
There is a process of five stages through which groups pass through.
The process includes the five stages: forming, storming, forming,
performing, and adjourning.
Forming:
The first stage in the life of a group is concerned with forming a group.
This stage is characterized by members seeking either a work
assignment (in a formal group) or other benefit, like status, affiliation,
power, etc. (in an informal group). Members at this stage either
engage in busy type of activity or show apathy.

Storming:
The next stage in this group is marked by the formation of dyads and
triads. Members seek out familiar or similar individuals and begin a
deeper sharing of self. Continued attention to the subgroup creates a
differentiation in the group and tensions across the dyads / triads may
appear. Pairing is a common phenomenon. There will be conflict about
controlling the group.
Norming:
The third stage of group development is marked by a more serious
concern about task performance. The dyads/triads begin to open up

and seek out other members in the group. Efforts are made to
establish various norms for task performance.
Members begin to take greater responsibility for their own group and
relationship while the authority figure becomes relaxed. Once this
stage is complete, a clear picture will emerge about hierarchy of
leadership. The norming stage is over with the solidification of the
group structure and a sense of group identity and camaraderie.
Performing:
This is a stage of a fully functional group where members see
themselves as a group and get involved in the task. Each person makes
a contribution and the authority figure is also seen as a part of the
group. Group norms are followed and collective pressure is exerted to
ensure the Process of Group effectiveness of the group.
The group may redefine its goals Development in the light of
information from the outside environment and show an autonomous
nurtured.
Adjourning:
In the case of temporary groups, like project team, task force, or any
other such group, which have a limited task at hand, also have a fifth
stage, This is known as adjourning.
The group decides to disband. Some members may feel happy over the
performance, and some may be unhappy over the stoppage of meeting
with group members.
8.

What do you mean by Group Cohesiveness?

Ans. Given in the notebook