Professional Documents
Culture Documents
b)
Chronemics is how we perceive time and how it can define the importance of
someone or something. Some people are very important and only have the time
to see people through appointments and in that instance; his time shows how
important he is. Timing is very important when either calling in an appointment or
responding to a letter or e-mail because timing leads to expectations and could
possibly influence the communication that will occur when you are face-to-face.
c)
usually negative, but prejudice can also be exercised to give undue favour and
advantage to members of particular groups. Prejudice is often seen as the
attitudinal component of discrimination.
h) Ritualized: to engage in ritualism or devise rituals
i) Optimum: This means most favorable or best.
j) Intonation: The pattern or melody of pitch changes in connected speech, esp.
the pitch pattern of a sentence, which distinguishes kinds of sentences or
speakers of different language cultures.
k) Inference: the process of arriving at some conclusion that, though it is not
logically derivable from the assumed premises possesses some degree of
probability relative to the premises.
Section B
Question 1
Describe the features of upward communication and the media used to convey
these messages.
UPWARD COMMUNICATION WHAT PURPOSE DOES IT SERVES?
Upper communication means the flow of information from the lower levels of the
organization to the higher levels of authority. It transfers from subordinate to superior
as that from worker to foreman, from foreman to company manager, from companys
manager to general manager and from general manager to the chief executive or the
board of directors. In this way, the upward communication makes a chain
Upper communication includes judgments, estimations, propositions, complaints,
grievance, appeals, reports etc. It is very important because it serves as the response
on the success of downward communication. Management comes to know how well its
policies, plans, strategies and objectives are adopted by those working at lower levels
of the organization.
It keeps the management informed about the progress of the work and troubles faced
in executions. On the strength of upward communication, the management amends its
programs and strategies and makes further plans. It is needed in all type of
organizations, whether big or small. It serves the following purposes: -
Telephone connectivity.
Internet connectivity.
Over-head projectors.
1. Lower Costs: Costs (travel, meals, lodging) are reduced by keeping employees
in the office, speeding up product development cycles, improving performance
through frequent meetings with timely information.
2. Reduce Travel
A lot of company time can be saved by using conference calling. While
technologies have improved and we can now get to other parts of the globe
much quicker there is still the time taken to travel to the airport, checking in and
time to the destination where no internet connection is possible. Once this is
added onto time travelling to the meeting and back home again it results in a
large consumption of time despite the actual meeting itself not taking up a great
amount of time. Therefore going with teleconferencing means the employee can
cut straight to the meeting and eliminate the unnecessary travelling, the stress of
travelling and employee exertion.
3. Enhances Productivity
Teleconferencing allows dispersed employees to hook up with headquarters,
have long-distance meetings and strategic discussions, and share grievances
and other HR issues. Better employee engagement, understanding of roles and
effective use of time lead to enhanced productivity.
4. Short-Notice Scheduling
Teleconferencing systems and toll-free dial-in access facilities make it possible
for companies to schedule short-notice or ad-hoc employee teleconferencing
meetings or discussions.
5. Accessible
Teleconferencing is accessible through any origination site in the world. More
people can attend. The larger the audience, the lower the cost per person.
Question 3
Question 4
Question 5
The seven Cs of communication
1. Correctness: This quality means to correct use of grammar, spelling and
punctuation. In terms of verbal communication, this refers to accuracy in
pronunciation. The term correctness, as applied to business messages also
mean three characteristics:
The message should answer all the questions in the order, they were asked.
6. Concreteness: The business writing should be specific, definite and vivid. The
guidelines use to concreteness