Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Laurel
The President of the Japanese-sponsored Republic.
Added militant nationalism in education
Encouraged the propagation of Tagalog as national language.
Teachers have to obtained license.
Instructed that the teaching of Tagalog, Philippine History and character education
were reserved for the Filipinos.
Governing body of schools- majority are Filipinos.
Aliens are barred from teaching their own history.
The Republic
Was given to gain sympathy and cooperation.
Premiere Hideki Tozyo (Tojo)
Talked to the Imperial Diet on January 21, 1942 and the House of Peers on January
28 about the immediate granting of independence for the Philippines for as long the
Filipinos will cooperate on Japans program.
Reaction of the Filipinos
Staged a grand comedy.
KALIBAPI
Kapisanan sa Palilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas
Was instructed to form the Preparatory Commission for Philippine Independence on
June 18, 1942.
Preparatory Commission for Philippine Independence
Created the Constitution
Officers
President: Jose P. Laurel
V-Presidents: Benigno S. Aquino and Ramon Avancea
Constitution
Provided the unicameral National Assembly
Jose P. Laurel
Was elected by the National Assembly as the President of the Second Republic
October 14, 1943
Declaration of independence was read.
Inauguration of the Republic
Induction of Laurel as President.
Laurel
His speechs last sentence in his inaugural address was pregnant with resolve to
demolish all barriers and that includes the Japanese interference.
Economic Condition of the Philippines (Japanese Period)
1. A lot of looting including the police
2. Filipinos lost their social and moral balance
Filipinos
Majority were cowed
Some fled to the mountains and join the guerillas.
Japanese
Knew that Filipinos loved the Americans.
They wanted to erase that affection and ask the Filipinos to cooperate but their
ways did not win them so many turned into guerillas.
The Guerilla Groups and their Leaders
1. North Luzon
a. Walter M. Cushing
121st Infantry
Died in Jones, Isabela but killed 500 enemy
b. Col. Guillermo Nakar
14th Infantry
c. Col. Parker Calvert
43th Infantry
d. Gov. Roque Ablan
Ilocos Norte
Refused to surrender to the enemy
e. Captain Praeger
Apayao and Cagayan
f. Lt. Rufino Baldwin
Baguio
Col. Russell W. Volkmann
The consolidated guerillas in North Luzon was under his command
Other Separate Command of the Guerilla Movement
Lapham, Ramsey, Anderson and Col. Claude Thorpe (Pangasinan and Nueva
Ecija)
2. Manila
a. Miguel Ver and Eleuterio Adevoso
Hunters ROTC
b. Marcos Agsutin and Yay Panlilio
Led the Marking Guerrilla
3. Central Luzon
a. Luis Taruc
Hukbalahap (Hukbo ng Bayan Laban sa Hapon)
Tarlac, Pampanga, Bulacan and Nueva Ecija
4. Southern Luzon
a. PQOG (President Quezon Own Guerillas)
Cavite, Laguna, Batangas and Quezon
5. Bicol
a. Wenceslao Q. Vinsons
6. Visayas
a. Ruperto Kangleon
Samar and Leyte
b. Makario Peralta
Panay
Gov. Tomas Confesor- civilian leader.
7. Mindanao
a. Tomas Cabili
b. Wendell Fertig
c. Salipada Pendatun
Guerilla Jesuit Priests
a. Fr. Edward Haggerty
b. Fr. John Pollock
c. Fr. Clement Haggerty
d. Fr. Harold Murphy
Guerilla padres
Did much alleviate the condition of the people suffering from the effects of
war.
Suffered with and consoled the people.
Kept alive the spirit of resistance.
Guerillas
Keep the faith alive in the democratic way.
Some committed atrocious crimes.
Three Important Functions of the Guerillas
1. To ambush or otherwise kill the enemy soldiers or civilians.
2. To relay important intelligence report to Mac Arthur in Australia
Size of the army, troop movement, number of Japanese ships, disposition of
troops, activities of Japanese military administration, other information
necessary to gauge the strength and weaknesses of the enemy.
3. To liquidate spies and Japanese sympathizers
Drive away the invaders from the Philippine soil.
Guerilla Newspaper
Press and Radio
Controlled by Japanese
Gives no real news
Two Ways for Filipinos to Get Real News
1. Radio San Francisco
Beamed to the Philippines
Reported about the war in Europe and Asia
Written and then disseminated.
2. Guerilla newspaper
Sho Operation
Envisaged control of the air and the neutralization of the American menace.
Counter attack American air and naval ships to destroy their Fleet in Leyte
bencheads.
Three Naval Forces of Japan in Leyte
a. Northern Force
Admiral Jisaburo Ozawa
Japan-Luzon-Leyte Gulf
b. Central force
Admiral Takeo Kurita
San Bernardino Strait-Leyte Gulf
c. Southern Force
Two groups
Admiral Kiyohide Shima
Vice Admiral Shoji Nishimura
Battle of Leyte Gulf