Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SAMPLED:
04.02.2014, 04.04.2014,
04.11.2014
Natalie Carmen
Elizabeth Gillispie
Colby Jones
Lora Sigmon-Chatham
Table of Contents
Section
Page
Introduction
...2
Auger Locations
Map
..4
Auger Profile
Descriptions.
..5
Series
Descriptions
11
Map Unit
Description
..16
Taxonomic
Names
.21
Topography/ Slopes
Map.
24
Soil
Map
25
Septic System
Evaluation
.26
Introduction
1.1. Synopsis of contents of this report
A detailed soil survey map and soil report were generated by our team for a
site named Field Two located within the NCSU Lake Wheeler Field Laboratory in
Wake County, North Carolina. In this introduction we will briefly describe our
approach and methods to mapping this site, how our survey was made, possible
uses in land management, and an overview of the sites general setting. The
attached project provides further detail in the sites profile descriptions for each
series present and its location, a range of characteristics, a map unit description for
each map delineation, taxonomic classifications, a soil map, and a septic system
evaluation.
1.2. Brief description of site survey and mapping approach
The first part of our mapping project consisted of better understanding the
surroundings of our site by a visual, qualitative survey. This included walking the
perimeter of our site and taking note of vegetative cover, slope differences (i.e.
uplands, ridges, depressions), surrounding land use and human activity as well as
possible sampling points based on these parameters. A map of our site was already
printed out for this initial survey, which allowed us to visually divide the site into
four main sections to better approach our sampling. This map coupled with our
evaluation and a topographic map provided us enough information to begin
suggesting places to sample, starting with uplands and the lowest point of each
section. A series of soil samples cored to a depth of approximately 150 cm using an
auger boring method were obtained and then described to yield a detailed profile
description.
Based on the multiple soil samples taken and their detailed descriptions (i.e.
color, texture, horizons and thickness, gravel content, depth to water table, etc.),
we were able to identify the series present in our site. Ph strips were also used to
record an approximate value of the soil pH in each horizon of all cores taken. Each
series present was given a detailed profile description, range of characteristics, map
unit description and taxonomic classification. A complete soil classification map
was illustrated based on our collected information of soil classifications of the area,
contours, and slopes. Lastly, this information was then used for evaluating the
suitability of an on-site waste disposal system in each soil map unit.
1.3. Overview of the sites major factors of soil formation
Based on our site classification and background knowledge, we believe that
parent material and climate have the most significant role in the formation of these
soils, though all factors do have some impact. Most of the soils within the field two
mapping site were weathered from igneous rocks that contained high amounts of
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Series Descriptions
Appling Series
The Appling series consists of very deep, well drained, moderately permeable soils
on ridges and side slopes of the Piedmont uplands. They are deep to saprolite and
very deep to bedrock. They formed in residuum weathered from felsic igneous and
metamorphic rocks of the Piedmont uplands. Slopes range from 2 to 8%. In this
type location, mean annual precipitation is 45 inches and mean annual temperature
is 60 degrees F.
Typical pedon of Appling sandy loam, 2-5% slopes, in a previously cultivated field
one mile south of the intersection between Tryon Road and Lake Wheeler Road in
Raleigh, NC.
Ap 0 to 28 cm; Reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) sandy loam, Light reddish brown (2.5YR
6/3) mottles; weak, fine, granular structure; friable, plastic, sticky; abrupt boundary;
pH= 5.5.
BA 28 to 41 cm; Strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) sandy clay, yellowish brown (10YR 5/8)
mottles; moderate, medium, subangular blocky structure; firm, moderately plastic,
moderately sticky; clear boundary; pH= 5.0.
Bt1 41 to 86 cm; Yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay, brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) mottles,
dark red (10R 3/6) mottles; moderate, medium, subangular blocky structure; firm,
moderately plastic, moderately sticky; gradual boundary; pH= 5.0.
Bt2 86 to 114 cm; Strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) clay, dark red (2.5YR 3/6) mottles,
olive yellow (2.5Y 6/8) mottles; weak, fine, subangular blocky; friable, moderately
plastic, moderately sticky; gradual boundary; pH= 5.0.
Bt3 114 to 152 cm; Reddish yellow (7.5YR 5/8) sandy clay, dark red (2.5YR 3/6)
mottles; weak, medium, granular; firm, moderately plastic, moderately sticky; pH=
5.0.
Range of Characteristics
The hue of the Ap horizon ranges from 2.5Y to 10YR, values range from 4 to 5, and
chroma ranges from 2 to 6. The texture is sandy loam. pH ranges from 5.0 to 5.5.
Where present, the hue of the E horizon ranges from 2.5Y to 10YR, values range
from 4 to 5, and chroma ranges from 2 to 4. The texture ranges from loamy sand to
sandy clay loam. pH is 5.0.
Where present, the hue of the BA horizon is 2.5YR with a value of 4 and chroma of
4, with depletions of hue 10YR, value 5, chroma 8. The texture was sandy clay. pH
is 5.0.
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Helena Series
The Helena series consists of very deep, moderately well drained, slowly permeable
soils that formed in residuum weathered from a mixture of felsic, intermediate, or
mafic igneous or high-grade metamorphic rocks, such as aplitic, granite, or granite
gneiss that is cut by dykes of gabbro and diorite, or mixed with hornblende schist or
hornblende gneiss. These soils are on broad ridges and toe slopes of the Piedmont
uplands. Slope ranges between 0 and 5 percent. In this type location, mean annual
precipitation is 45 inches and mean annual temperature is 60 degrees F.
Typical pedon of Helena sandy loam, 0-5% slopes, in a previously cultivated field
one mile south of the intersection between Tryon Rd. and Lake Wheeler Rd. in
Raleigh, NC.
A 0 to 36 cm; Olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) loamy sand; weak, medium, granular
structure; friable, nonplastic, nonsticky; clear boundary; pH= 5.5.
E 36 to 60 cm; Light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) loamy sand; weak, fine, subangular
blocky structure; friable, nonplastic, nonsticky; clear boundary; pH= 5.0.
Bt1 60 to 109 cm; Light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) sandy clay loam, olive brown (2.5 Y
4/3) mottles, few strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) mottles; moderate, medium, subangular
blocky structure; friable, moderately plastic, slightly sticky; clear boundary; pH=
4.5.
Bt2 109 to 132 cm; Olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6) sandy clay, brownish yellow (10YR 6/8);
weak, medium, subangular blocky; friable, moderately plastic, slightly sticky; clear
boundary; pH= 4.5.
C 132 to 152+ cm; Gray (2.5Y 6/1) sandy clay saprolite, red (10R 4/8)
concentrations, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/8) mottles; massive structure; very firm,
moderately plastic, moderately sticky; clear boundary; pH= 4.5.
Range of Characteristics
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Cecil Series
The Cecil series consists of very deep, poorly drained moderately permeable soils
on ridges and side slopes of the Piedmont uplands. They are deep to saprolite and
very deep to bedrock. They formed in residuum weathered from felsic, igneous and
high-grade metamorphic rocks of the Piedmont uplands. Slopes range from 5 to 8
percent. Mean annual precipitation is 45 inches and mean annual temperature is 60
degrees F. near the type location.
Typical pedon of Cecil sandy clay loam, 5-8% slopes, in a previously cultivated field
one mile south of the intersection between Tryon Rd. and Lake Wheeler Rd. in
Raleigh, NC.
A 0 to 28 cm; Olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) sandy clay loam; weak, fine, granular
structure; friable, slightly plastic, nonsticky; clear boundary; pH= 5.5; some gravel
present.
Bt1 28 to 69 cm; Light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) clay, light red (2.5 YR 7/8) mottles,
many dark reddish gray (2.5 YR 4/1) depletions; moderate, medium, subangular
blocky; friable, moderately plastic, slightly sticky; clear boundary; pH= 5.0.
Bt2 69 to 127+ cm; Yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6)
mottles; weak, medium, subangular blocky structure; firm, moderately plastic,
slightly sticky; pH= 4.5; medium amount of gravel present.
Range of Characteristics
The A horizon has a hue of 2.5Y, a value of 4, and a chroma of 4. Texture is sandy
clay loam. pH is 5.5.
The Bt1 horizon has a hue of 2.5Y, a value of 5, and a chroma of 6. Light red
mottles are present, and dark reddish gray depletions are present. Texture is clay.
pH is 5.0.
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Louisburg Series
The Louisburg Series consists of very deep, well drained, rapidly permeable soils
that formed in material weathered from felsic igneous and metamorphic rock,
primarily granite and granite gneiss. The Louisburg soils are on summits and side
slopes of the Piedmont uplands. Slope ranges from 2 to 5 percent. Near the type
location, the mean annual temperature is 60 degrees F, and the mean annual
precipitation is 45 inches.
Typical pedon of Louisburg loamy sand, 2-5% slopes, in a previously cultivated field
one mile south of the intersection between Tryon Rd. and Lake Wheeler Rd. in
Raleigh, NC.
Ap 0 to 20 cm; Dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loamy sand; weak, fine, granular
structure; friable, nonplastic, nonsticky; abrupt boundary; pH= 5.0; few small roots
present.
Bt 20 to 92 cm; Dark red (2.5YR 3/6) sandy loam, olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6) mottles;
moderate, medium, subangular blocky structure; firm, slightly plastic, slightly sticky;
abrupt boundary; pH= 4.5.
C 92+ cm; Yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sand; fine, granular structure; loose,
nonplastic, nonsticky; pH= 4.5.
Range of Characteristics
The Ap horizon has a hue of 2.5Y, a value of 4, and a chroma of 3. The texture is
sandy loam. pH is 4.5.
The Bt horizon has a hue of 2.5YR, a value of 3, and a chroma of 6. Olive yellow
mottles are present. The texture is sandy loam. pH is 4.5.
The C horizon has a hue of 10YR, a value of 5, and a chroma of 6. The texture is
sand. pH is 4.5.
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Taxonomic Names
Appling; Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludult
Ultisol: Contains a kandic horizon and has an assumed base saturation of below
35% at a depth of
180 cm.
Udult: Contained in the Udic moisture regime.
Kanhapludult: Does not meet the requirements for any other great groups. Has a
thin kandic horizon.
Typic Kanhapludult: Lacks any special feature but is typical of a Kanhapludult.
Fine: The control section averages between 35-60% clay sized particles.
Kaolinitic: More than 50% (by weight) kaolinite and less than 10% smectite in the
<0.002mm fraction
Thermic: Mean annual soil temperature at a depth of 50cm is between 15 C and
22 C.
Appling: Have a dominant hue of 7.5YR or yellower. Is very deep, well drained, and
moderately permeable. Found on ridges and side slopes of the Piedmont
uplands and is deep to saprolite. Formed in residuum weathered from felsic
igneous and metamorphic rocks of the Piedmont uplands.
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Series Name
Without Repair
With Repair
Appling
Helena
Cecil
Louisburg
Radically Awesome
1440
800
1440
515
1440
3360
1869
3360
1218
3360
6720
3738
6720
2436
6720
30