Professional Documents
Culture Documents
REPORT
ARVIND MILLS, SANTEJ
(AHMEDABAD, GUJARAT).
SUBMITTED BY:
AVANI AMBARDAR
HIMANSHU NATH SHEKHAR
ITI VERMA
KRATI AGRAWAL
PRIYAMVADA
ROHIT KUMAR
SHIKHA MAURYA
SHRUTI KAPADIA
-DFT IV
NIFT GANDHINAGAR
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Within the preview of the textile industry there is much information
pertaining to making of fabric, disseminated by words in the books. But to
see the whole process by your own eyes is a wonderful experience.
We the students of Apparel production, Department of Fashion Technology,
semester IV, of NIFT, Gandhinagar would like to extend our sincere
gratitude to the management of NIFT and ARVIND LTD for providing us this
opportunity to experience and learn the processes practiced in Textile
Industry.
It was a great learning experience throughout to see one of the most well
planned and advanced textile units, working with them was eye-opening
for us as we saw how things are done in big companies. We take the
opportunity to thank all the people who guided us through the entire
process and made our training a success by sharing their knowledge.
We would like to thank Mr. Shubhanish Malhotra, Sr. Manager (H.R) and
Ms. Somya Sharotri, Manager (H.R) at Arvind our mentor and all
department heads who helped us through the project without whose
support and guidance the internship couldnt have been completed
satisfactorily.
PART 1
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Arvind Mills, the flagship company of the Lalbhai Group, is one of India's
leading composite manufacturers of textiles. Its headquarters is in
Ahmadabad, Gujarat, India. It manufactures a range of cotton shirting,
denim, knits and bottom weights (Khakis) fabrics. It is India's largest
denim manufacturer apart from being worlds fourth-largest producer and
exporter of denim. In the early 1980s, the company brought denim into
the domestic market, thus started the jeans revolution in India.
Today it not only retails its own brands like Flying Machine, Newport and
Excalibur but also licensed international brands like Arrow, Lee, Wrangler
and Tommy Hilfiger, through its nationwide retail network. Arvind also runs
a value retail chain, Mega mart, which stocks company brands. The
original budget for the company totaled $ 55 thousand, at present it is $
500 million Arvind feature is that its enterprises are equipped with highly
advanced equipment of a full cycle from painting the fiber to the finished
product.
Arvind Mills was established in 1931. It was founded by the three brothers
Kasturbhai Lalbhai, Narottambhai Lalbhai and Chimanbhai Lalbhai one of
the leading families of Ahmedabad.
the production of denim cloth and to produce double yarn fabrics for
exports. The new product groups identified were the indigo dyed blue
denim, high quality two-ply fabrics for exports, and special products such
as butta saris, full voils and dhotis.
capacity by 85, 00, 00 metres per annum. The Company also proposed to
set up a new composite mill for producing annually 120 lakh metres of
high quality shirting fabrics to be marketed in the domestic as well as
international markets.
manufacturer of denim. Arvind Mills goes live with SAP R/3 ERP package in
April 1998 in their new manufacturing units.
1999 Arvind Mills sets a two-month deadline for hiving off its
garments division into a separate company and sale of its real estate in
Delhi.
2003 For the fourth quarter, Arvind Mills witnesses 280% growth in
the net profit Arvind Mills Ltd is assigned a `P1+` rating by CRISIL, which
indicates a very strong rating for their commercial paper.
2005 For the fourth quarter in a row, Arvind Mills has managed to
post a profit growth in excess of 80 per cent. Arvind Mills decides to buy
entire stake in Arvind Brands from ICICI Ventures.
consistently.
ARVIND BRANDS
Flying Machine, Newport in jeans and Excalibur in shirts.
Arvind also has licenses from reputed international brands like Arrow, Lee,
Wrangler, Tommy Hilfiger, Marks and Spencer, Adidas and many more.
MANUFACTURING PHILOSOPHY
Excellence in quality and flexibility in production
VISION
To achieve global dominance in select business built around our core
competencies, through continuous product and technical innovation
customer orientation and a focus on cost effectiveness.
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Arvind is 100% self-reliant in power generation with our Naptha based
captive power plant. They have ETP base on reverse osmosis, solid waste
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
The textile industry is a term used for industries primarily concerned with
the design or manufacture of clothing as well as the distribution and use
of textiles.
Our first step was to learn about the profile of the company and their basic
dealings. We further dealt with the way the company handles the raw
material and sends it through to subsequent stages of manufacturing. We
were to learn about the various stages in the entire process of textile
manufacturing, the importance of each of these stages, the machinery
features, machine and material process parameters available in detail in
the areas as mentioned below.
We summarize some of the major concepts that we were to observe and
understand during our internship:
guidelines are then communicated to the plant head who conveys them to
the various departments according to the guidelines and instructions. The
fabric is then sent to the fabric inspection and then to the Central Quality
Assurance, who sends it to the folding and dispatch from where other
financial activities follow.
PART 2
This was the first section to be covered on factory floor. For this we were
sent to Naroda plant of Arvind which is very famous for its Denim
production. Near to them was ASHOKA SPINTEX which was only for yarn
preparation purpose. Below are the various processes they were using in
for yarn preparation.
Storage and inspection sectionRaw material which is basically cotton is received from godown Arvind
Mills, Naroda daily in trucks. The raw material is received in bale form.
COTTON BALES
YARN REALIZATION/RECOVERY
BALE CAPACITY
INPUT VS OUTPUT
Input: 11 ton
3- 4 months
VARIETIES
BLOWROOM
The Blow Room is the first stage or first process in the short staple
spinning. The name Blow Room is given to this stage because of the
air that is commonly used during this processing of fibres.
The cotton arrives at the mill in large bales. The compressed mass of raw
fiber must be removed from the bales, blended, opened and cleaned.
Blending is necessary to obtain uniformity of fiber quality; opening is
necessary in order to loosen hard lumps of fiber and disentangle them;
cleaning is required to remove trash such as dirt, leaves, burrs and any
remaining seeds in order to prepare the fiber for spinning into yarn.
FUNCTION OF BLOWROOM
To clean the fibers by removing the foreign matter as the waste. The
foreign matter consists mainly of seeds, seed coats, leafy matter
The various impurities like short fibers and trash present in the raw
materials are removed here in blowroom.
Machines Classification:Sno.
1
Machine
Blendomat
Process
Suction of the
Number
1
fibers
2
Axi flow
Opening of the
fibers
3
MPM
Mixing of the
fibers together
4
CNT
Further opening
Vetal
of the fibers
Removes color
impurities
present in the
6
Scutcher
fiber
Converts the
fibers into a
sheet form
Basic problem
Usually ginning and sometimes rains tend to wet the cotton which
makes the cotton heavy and sticky. It becomes hard to open the
fibres then.
CARDING
Carding is the process which involves removal of fibers, impurities from
laps formed in blowroom. Also by this process the fibers are made to
arrange parallel.
Before the raw stock can be made into yarn, the remaining impurities
must be removed, the fibers must be disentangled, and they must be
straightened. The straightening process puts the fibers into somewhat
parallel lengthwise alignment. This process of aligning fibers in parallel
fashion is called carding. The machine used is called the carding machine.
The lap is passed through a beater section and drawn on a rapidly
revolving cylinder covered with very fine hooks or wire brushes. A moving
belt of wire brushes slowly moves concentrically above the cylinder. As
the cylinder rotates, the cotton is pulled by the cylinder through the small
gap under the brushes; the teasing action removes the remaining trash,
disentangles the fibers and arranges them in a relatively parallel manner
in the form of a thin web. This web is drawn through a funnel shaped
device that moulds it into round rope like mass called card sliver.
The machine used for this purpose was a carding machine of Indian made
named Lakshmi Reiter .
No. of such machines used 52.
Mechanism:- The laps are fed into machine which consist of several
rollers in which lap is pressed and impurities are removed. Later the
pressed laps are converted into carded sliver.
The length of sliver varies with the width of it.(again depends on further
requirement of process).
Wire Pin
It is used to straighten the fibers, 800 ppsi (picks per square inch).The
ouput i.e carded sliver are collected in cylinders 20 kg each.
Cylinder speed -4500 rpm.
Temperature 32 C , Efficiency 92%
Output Capacity 400 kg/Day.
COMBING
This process is for the additional straightening of the carded sliver. In this
operation, fine toothed combs continue straightening the fibers until they
are arranged with such a high degree of parallelism that a short fibers
called noils, are combed out and completely separated from the longer
fibers.
Combing is an optional process introduced into the spinning of finer and
high-quality yarns from finer cotton. For coarser cotton fibers, the
combing operation is usually omitted. This is the process of removal
of a predetermined length of short fibers present in the fiber assembly.
2.5.1 TASKS OF COMBING
yarn evenness
strength
cleanness
smoothness
visual appearance
In addition to the above, combed cotton needs less twist than a carded
yarn.
WORK OF THE COMBER
To produce an improvement in yarn quality, the comber must perform the
following operations:
COMBING
PROCESS
There are sensors to sense the thickness of sliver. If the thickness is more
than required then the speed of rollers is automatically increased to
decrease the thickness of sliver. For finer count, the production is low
DRAWING
The combining of several slivers for the drawing process removes
irregularities that would cause too much variation if the slivers were put
through singly. The draw frame has several pairs of rollers, each advanced
set of which revolves at a progressively faster speed.
This action pulls the staple lengthwise over each other, thereby producing
longer and thinner slivers. After several stages of drawing out, the
condensed sliver is taken to the slubber, where rollers similar to those in
the drawing frame draw out the cotton further. Here the slubbing is
passed to the spindles, where it is given the first twist and then wound on
bobbins.
FUNCTIONS OF DRAWING
TASKS OF DRAWFRAME
These bobbins are placed on the roving frame, where further drawing out
and twisting takes place until the cotton stock is about the diameter of a
pencil lead. Roving is the final product of the several drawing-out
operations . It is a preparatory stage for the final insertion of twist.
SPEED FRAME
Speed frames are used for roving bobbin. Roving is an intermediate
process during the conversion of fibers into yarn. The purpose of roving is
to prepare a better input package for the ring frame.
FUNCTIONS OF SPEED FRAMES
SPINNING
RING FRAME PROCESS:
The cones from the preparatory section are set on the machines. The
machines have spindles on which the yarn is to be wound. Here the yarns
of the cone are transformed from thick to thin yarn in the spindles. This is
done by setting a certain draft. The machine is fully automatic. The
programs are set according to the requirement. The workers need to
change the cone once they get empty and spindles as they are filled.
The ring spinning frame completes the manufacture of yarn:--By drawing
out the roving, inserting twist and by winding the yarn on bobbins, all in
one operation.
FUNCTIONS OF RING FRAME
AUTO-CONER:
The spindles are then fed into the auto-coner. The purpose of auto-coner
is to remove the thick and thin places or any kind of yarn faults (long cuts,
short cuts, naps etc.) and also make bigger cones.
The parameters are set according to the buyers requirements and the
machine automatically cuts the thread with the help of a cutter whenever
it senses a fault. The broken ends are then untwisted to fiber form and retwisted together with the help of a thermo splicer.
YARN WINDING
The yarns received from the preparatory section are in the form of
spindles or bobbins. The process of converting spindles into cones is
called winding.
Extraction of all disturbing yarn fault s such as the short, long thick,
Yarn Wound:
One of the major problem in winding is that the yarn may be wound too
tight( hard package) or too loose which may lead to problems in dyeing,
solution to which was nothing but just operators always have to have an
eye on tension of winding.
PROBLEM:-During the spinning process some workers were not wearing any
protection mask and earplugs which may lead to occupational hazards
PART 3
KNITTED FABRIC MANUFACTURING SECTION
INTRODUCTION
Arvind knits business division (AML-KBD) is a part of the Multi product
textile facility set up at Santej, Dist: Gandhinagar, with an investment of
US $ 50 million; set up in collaboration with Alamac Knits Inc. USA. Arvind
KBD operates one of Asias largest vertically integrated knitwear plants.
This features state of the art equipment and world class production
capacities. Arvind assures the best quality and total standardization with
its in-house production from yarn to final garment. The fabric production
capacity is of 4992 tons per annum.
MARKET PROFILE
Arvind knits has over the years acquired strong and meaningful business
relationships with brands and retailers the world over. Arvind has always
been in tune with the fashion trends abroad. The design cell works two
NIKE International
FILA Sports
OUTERBANKS, USA
Wrangler, USA
S. Oliver Germany
Espirit Germany
NEXT, UK
Reebok, USA
PDG
Departmen
t
Yarn
Received
Preparation
of soft
package
Yarn
dyeing
Rewinding
Knitting
Fabric
Dyeing
Finishing
Packaging
Color Plus
Arrow
Lee
Parx
PDG Department:
Working as the front lines for the company, the department is involved in
development of new kind of products i.e. fabrics. The department
functions at four different levels:
It has a pool of designers which suggest them with the theme board,
and as such inspire them to come up with a new design of fabric for a
season.
YARN DYEING
The yarns dyed are mainly polyester, cotton and vicose for both shirting
and hosiery. The dyes used are mainly reactive (90%), vat dyes and
disperse dyes.
The grey yarn is sourced from Nahar, Vardhman and Arvind itself. Firstly,
the sampling is done according to customer requirement. If approved the
bulk dyeing begins.
A. TUBULAR KNITTING
BASIC MACHINE
MINI JACQUARD
Can develop complex designs which are not possible by the basic
machine, has got 37 jacks adjustments on drums to knit, miss and tuck.
FULL JACQUARD
Individual needle selection possible here so any kind of design can be
possible.
REST
POSITION
CLEARING
YARN
FEEDING
KNOCK OVER
HOLDING
DOWN
PROCEDURE
Thread breakage
Lycra breakage
Fabric take up roll door open
Lint accumulation
Needle breakage
Yarn loose
V bed machines have two rib gated, diagonally approaching needle beds,
set at between 90-104to each other giving an inverted v shape
appearance.
FLATBED KNITTING MACHINE PARTS
Machine details
END PRODUCTS
BASED ON FABRIC COMPOSITION
100% Cotton
Polycot (60%-40%, 65%-35%, 70%-30%, 50%-50% composition )
Cotton Viscose
100% viscose
Polyviscose
Cotton linen
Cotton modal
Modal lycra
FABRIC INSPECTION
There are 4 fabric inspection machines in the department. Two for greige
fabric (piece dyed) and two for yarn dyed fabric.
They follow 4 point system for fabric inspection.
Size
Upto 3
3-6
6-9
9 and above
Fresh
Grade-B
Points
1
2
3
4
Max Minor
Point in 20-25kg
Max Major
Point in 20-25kg
Total Penalty
Point in 20-25kg
8
12
8
12
16
24
Barreness
Hole
Needle Line
Drop stitches
Sinker Line
Press off
Oil Line
Knots
Tail Ends
Tuck Stitches
Off Pattern
Edge Marks
PROBLEM
During the knitting of collar using Lycra yarn, a lot of hole was emerging
as there was not free movement between the yarn and the needle.
SOLUTION
To solve this problem, the supervisor suggested a special kind of oil to be
applied to the yarns which cleared the needle movement and solved the
problem.
PART -4
SHIRTING
(WEAVING SECTION)
INTRODUCTION
WEAVING
Weaving is the interlacement of warp and weft.
After the warp beams have been prepared the process of weaving begins.
The beams are loaded onto the looms. We visited the Textile Park for the
weaving section. The textile park is an all weaving plant in Santej which
carries out production of fabric for Arvind Mills. The weaving shed has 48
weaving machines in total.
The conditions maintained in the weaving shed are:
Temperature: 32-35
Humidity: 75%
Machine Categorization
PICANOL GAMMEX
This is a Japanese build machine. It uses a rapier mechanism for weaving.
It uses a dobby mechanism. There are a total of 24 machines of this type.
The production of this machine is 60 metres per 8 hrs(1 shift). The product
is more costly and of better build quality than the air jet machines. The
counts being produced range from 30s to 2/171s. The yarns being used
are cotton, lycra, linen etc.
Machine specifications
Tension 2.9 kh
RPM 470
Efficiency - 77%
Weft feeder 8
Two edge cutters
Frame capacity 24
Cost approx 35 lakhs
Production is slower
Knotting waste
This is the waste generally occurring during the process of knotting which
is joining together of two warp beams using a knotter. Usually the first few
metres of the newer warp beam are not used and are waste. This is
basically half metres every time during changeover of the beams.
Catchcord waste
When the spindle is rotated, the waste weft clings to the cling part of the
spindle and is entangled with the catch cord yarn. The entangled weft and
yarn is collected in a box. It is basically a waste after cutting.
Chindi waste
This waste is basically utilized. It is sold to people who buy it to make door
mats and rugs. This waste is generally 2-4 metres per beam.
There are other little wastage occurring. These were mainly occurring
wastage in the Textile Park which accounted for maximum wastage.
PRODUCTS DEFECTS
The various product defects occurring in the textile park are the
following:Missing ends
Double ends
Broken pick
Pressure drop
More pick
Less pick
Double pick
Tight end
Package change
When a package is changed usually variation in the fabric occurs.
Multiple breaks
Wrong drawing
Bend pick
Black stains
Oil stains
These are some of the various product defects which occur in the plant.
Types of fabric
The various fabric produced have different weaves. The most common
ones are:Plain weave
Dobby weave
Dobby crammi
2/2 RHT etc.
BUSINESS AT A GLANCE
Manufacturing
Technical Excellence
Investment in State-of-the-art European technology
World class Product and Design innovation
Assurance of Quality and consistency
Flexible production
Lower minimums
Reflection of product/fashion dynamics
Consistency and quality
Spinning
Winding
Yarn
Dyeing
warping
Sizing
Weaving
Grey
Inspection
Bleaching
Fabric
Finishing
Dyeing
Printing
Finish
Quality
Inspection
Assurance
Folding and
Packing
Dispatching
BASIC PROCESSES INVOLVED IN SHIRTING INCLUDE ARE ABOVE:--
YARN DYEING
Yarns are dyed prior to weaving and the woven fabric thus obtained is a
yarn dyed fabric. Dyed yarns are used in sectional warping. They get their
dyes mainly from Atul industries Limited.
Yellow 3 rt
Brown br
Olive d/grey 5607
Red 3b, etc.
DYE AUXILIARIES
Wetting agent
Dispersing agent
Levelling agent
Hydrogen peroxide
Caustic
Acetic acid
Process:--
Spindles
41
25
18
14
9
6 & 5 respectively.
BEAM DYEING
Beam dyeing is simply a much larger version of package dyeing. An entire
warp is wound onto perforated cylinder , which is then placed in a beam
dyeing machine where f low of the dye bath alternated as in package
dyeing. Beam dyeing is more economical than skein or package dyeing. It
takes 9 hr. to dye once.
1-2 % shade variation may happen.
The no of beam dyeing machines are 11.
The maximum capacity for beam dyeing machines is 750kg.
Process:Chemical, color, salt etc are added to respective vessels and again timers
are set to give calls in response to which machine acts.
Chemical is kept for 10 min. => color (30 min.) =>call pfp(fixer i.e color +
chemical) =>10 min. washing@ 700 C =>acid added (700C, 10 min.)=>
Soaping (900 C,20 min.)
For Light shades only one time soaping happens which actually helps in
color fixation whereas for deep shades its done twice i.e for 40 min.
Perafil-210 is added to maintain pH, for deep shade Fixogen supra is
added to it.
WARPING MACHINE:
Warping is done to prepare the warp beams which will be directly used on
the loom.
WARPING
Warping is the initial preparatory process. In warping yarn from different
small packages is converted into beam form, which is later on used on the
loom for manufacturing. Yarn is rolled on the large cylindrical type beam.
Direct warping is basically used for grey yarn, where we have to make
large patterns.
Direct warping is used in two ways:
1. Direct warping can be used to directly produce the weavers beam
in a single operation. This is especially suitable for strong yarns that
do not require sizing such as continuous filaments or monofilaments
and when the number of number of warp ends on the warp beam is
relatively small. This is also called direct warping.
2. Direct Warping is used to make smaller, intermediate beams called
warpers beams. These smaller beams are combined later at the
slashing stage to produce the weavers beam. This process is called
beaming.
Therefore, for example, if the weavers beam contains 9000 warp ends,
then there would be say 9 warpers beam of 1000 ends each.
PART -5
FINISHING SECTION
Grey fabric
inspection
Mending
Batching
Rotation
(8hr
Washing)
Desizing
Singeing
Mercerizati
on
Bleaching
MENDING
The fabric is brought from the storage area for mending. After mending,
the fabric is sent back to the storage area and then sent for re-checking.
BATCHING
Fabric is sewn end to end and then batched. Spec sheets are sent to the
batching in-charge, wherein it is mentioned how many meters of what
fabric needs to be rolled together in one package.
SINGEING MACHINE
If the fabric is to have a smooth finish, singeing is one of the first essential
preparatory processes. Singeing burns of lint and threads as well as all
fuzz and fiber ends, leaving an even surface before the fabric passes
through other finishing processes. Singeing is accomplished by passing
grey goods over gas flames, usually two burners aside at a speed of 100250 yards/min.
Singeing may also be done at the yarn stage, especially when the yarns
are to be used for fine quality cotton goods. Usually such yarns are fully
mercerized, and singeing in this case is referred to as gassing.
A roller with brushes removes the fibers on selvedge and small protruding
fibers. A suction pump takes these fibers and pumps them into an air bag.
This bag needs to be changed every week.
Two burners
Temperature- 1000 0 C
Speed: 1m/s
CNG used for burning
Flames perpendicular to the fabric
Pressure gauge in the machine controls the pressure
1 shift (8 hours) 30,000m of fabric is singed
Efficiency 85%
Special rubberized rollers are used for quenching. Fabric takes 4 seconds
to traverse from burners to these quenching rollers. Till this time the
temperature of the fabric lowers down to 700 C. These rollers further cool
the cellulosic fiber.(Each quenching roller costs 1 lakh )
STEPS IN SINGEING:
effect.
A Carburetor or air/gas mixer allows automatic mixing of gas with air
DESIZING
It is done in the same machine where singeing is done.
CHEMICALS USED
Temperature 55 C
First the fabric is desized, and then washed
Efficiency- 85%
Calcium + magnesium cause problems
Chelating agent is used which forms a complex with the size present in
the fabric, mixes in water and gets drained off.
Batching: this wet fabric is wound on batching rollers.
These rollers are rotated for 8 hours so that the enzyme can react with the
size present on the fabric
Machine was set up in 1998
STENTERS
Stenters are machines used to impart finishes on the grey fabric. In this
process, smoothening out of the fabric basically takes place. It is done
because after bleaching, or any wet process, the fabric gets wrinkled or
creased. Stentering removes these bumps and helps in stabilizing the
tension in the fabric. The fabric is stabilized 10% by stenters and rest 90%
is done by mercerization.
5.1.1.1 FINISHES
There are around 42 finishes of fabrics, like easy-to-iron (ETI), nano finish,
and perfume finish, mosquito repellent finish (for Belgium army), etc. The
finishes done exclusively in Arvind are vitamin E (retained till 40 washes),
anti-microbial, parma finish.
5.1.1.2 MAIN OPERATIONS DONE BY THE STENTER MACHINE
Padding of finishing chemical
Bow-bias correction i.e. weft straightening
Fabric width controlling
Drying
5.1.1.5 LIMITATION
No automation.
No bow-bias correction.
MERCERISATION
AIM OF MERCERISING:
CURING
Main Operations done by the curing machine
To set the resins cross linking into a permanent one.
To impart anti-crease property in the fabric.
No. of machine-1
Manufacturer - MONFORTS THERMEX (GERMANY)
Model - THERMEX KTDC
SANFORIZATION
Sanforization is a process of treatment used for cotton fabrics mainly and
most textiles made from natural or chemical fibers. It is a method of
stretching, shrinking and fixing the woven cloth in both length and width,
before cutting and producing to reduce the shrinkage which would
otherwise occur after washing.
5.1.3.2TECHNICAL DETAILS
Efficiency: 90-95%
Speed V 25 m/min to 60 m/min.
5.1.3.3FAULTS AND REMEDIES
h Any type of scratch on the blanket
h Water drop
h Batch crease - crease during feed or fold on crease on fabric
h Sleeve cut - tension variation between fabric body and selvedge, folded
mark in selvedge or adjustment of fabric tension
Printing
Printing, like dyeing, is a process for applying colour to a substrate. But
instead of colouring the whole substrate, print colour is applied only to
defined areas to obtain the desired pattern. Printing department caters to:
Domestic market
Exports
6.1 MACHINES USED FOR PRINTING
For production, there is 1 machine: Rotary screen printing machine.
For sampling, there are 2 machines : Baby rotary screen printing &
digital printing m/c
6.5.7 FAULTS
Main faults: protruding fibers and solid particles.
Occasional faults: manual error and chemical error.
Testing
In ARVIND Mills, there was a separate laboratory and department
dedicated to testing of the fabric. The testing used to take place according
to the needs and demands of the various buyers. For example the
parameters of testing are different for the ADDIDAS group whereas the
level and requirement of tests is different for MARKS & SPENCER.
7.1 TESTS CARRIED OUT
Length
Uniformity
Whiteness
Impurities
Moisture content
Machine Details:
Model: SW-12W
CANISTER AMOUNT AND SIZE: 12500 ml, 75 125mm
ROATATION SPEED: 40 rpm
TIME RANGE: 0~999min.
TEMPERATURE RANGE: 0~100
SIZE AND WEIGHT: 935 690 910mm, 165kg
Tensile
TENSILE TESTING MACHINE
Model No: A-ATTM500
It is based on the Constant Rate of Traverse (CRT) principle. The sample is
held between two jaws; the upper one is a stationary jaw while the other
end is made to move at a known fixed speed with the help of Motor, Gear
Box and Lead Screw arrangement (100mm or 300mm per minute). The
load exerted on the Stationary jaw is sensed by a sensor connected with
load cell which directly indicates the load in Digital form in kg.
GSM CUTTER
GSM cutters are used to determine the GSM of knitted, woven and nonwoven fabrics. They are easy to operate and proved to provide accurate
results. Below mentioned are the sizes, in which it is offered:
13 mm
38 mm
140 mm
COLOUR MATCHING CABINET
The visual colour matching cabinet is extremely useful for evaluating an
assortment of colours under different kinds of lights. The result helps the
clients understand the dynamics of reflection on textiles. The colour
matching cabinet is fabricated as per the industrial norms and is
manufactured using only high grade raw material, its range is offered in
the following varieties :
7.3 INSPECTION
100 % inspection of fabrics is done (visually) which is supplied after
assurance from the QA lab.
Arvind follows a 4 point system in which defects are given points:
0 to 3 1 point
3 to 6 2 point
6 to 9 3 point
9 and above 4 point
Tag system is followed for the marking of defects:
A 4- point weft defect is marked with a yellow tag
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