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Classification:
Nursing Management
KETOROLAC (Toradol)
Classification:
Mechanism Of Action:
Indication:
Short term management of pain (not to exceed 5 days total for all
routes combined)
Contraindications:
- Hypersensitivity
- Cross-sensitivity with other NSAIDs may existPre- or
perioperative use
- Known alcohol intoleranceUse cautiously in:
1) History of GI bleeding
2) Renal impair-ment (dosage reduction may be required)
3) Cardiovascular disease
- Patients who have asthma, aspirin-induced allergy, and nasal polyps are
at increased risk for developing hypersensitivity reactions. Assess for
rhinitis, asthma, and urticaria.
- Assess pain (note type, location, and intensity) prior to and 1-2 hr
following administration.
- Ketorolac therapy should always be given initially by the IM or IV route.
Oral therapy should be used only as a continuation of parenteral therapy.
- Caution patient to avoid concurrent use of alcohol, aspirin, NSAIDs,
acetaminophen, or other OTC medications without consulting health care
professional.
- Advise patient to consult if rash, itching, visual disturbances, tinnitus,
weight gain, edema, black stools, persistent headche, or influenza-like
syndromes (chills,fever,muscles aches, pain) occur.
- Effectiveness of therapy can be demonstrated by decrease in severity of
pain. Patients who do not respond to one NSAIDs may respond to another.
OMEPRAZOLE (Losec,Prilosec)
Drug class
Therapeutic effects
Indications
Contraindications
Side effects
Nursing implications
Therapeutic effects
Indications
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to penicillins.
Side effects
antibacterial
Pregnancy Category: B
Nursing implications
Side effects
Assessment
Special Considerations
Teaching points
Teaching points
D5050
Drug class
Caloric Agent
Therapeutic effects
Indications
Documented hypoglycemia
Seizures of unknown etiology
Cerebral/meningeal edema related to eclampsia
Contraindications
Do not stop taking this drug without notifying your health care
provider.
Take pulse rate before administering.
Do not start taking any prescription or over-the-counter
products without talking to your health care provider. Some
combinations may increase the risk of digoxin toxicity and may
put you at risk of adverse reactions.
Report unusually slow pulse, irregular pulse, rapid weight
gain, loss of appetite, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, blurred or
yellow vision, unusual tiredness and weakness, swelling of
the ankles, legs or fingers, difficulty breathing.
Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
Drug class
Alpha-adrenergic agonist
Cardiac stimulant
Antasthmatic drug
Mechanism of Action
Indications
Contraindications
Side effects
Nursing implications
Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
Drug class
Mechanism of Action
When administered intramuscularly or intravenously,
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity
Advanced AV block
Side effects
Drowsiness
Dizziness
Nervousness
(mucosal use) decreased or absent gag reflex
Bradycardia
Hypotension
Burning sensation
Magnesium sulfate
Drug class
Therapeutic effects
Nursing implications
Indications
Anticonvulsant
Treatment/prevention of
hypomagnesemia. Treatment
of
hypertension. Anticonvulsant associated with severe eclampsia,
pre-eclampsia, or acute nephritis. Unlabeled uses: Preterm labor.
Treatment of Torsade de pointes. Adjunctive treatment for
bronchodilation in moderate to severe acute asthma.
Contraindications
Side effects
CNS: drowsiness.
Resp: decreased respiratory rate.
CV: arrhythmias, bradycardia, hypotension.
GI: diarrhea.
MS:muscle weakness.
Derm: flushing, sweating.
Metab: hypothermia.
Nursing implications
Anticholinergic
Antimuscarinic
Parasympatholytic
Antiparkinsonian
Antidote
Diagnostic agent (ophthalmic preparations)
Belladonna alkaloid
Therapeutic effects
Competitively blocks the effects of acetylcholine at
Indications
Contraindications
Side effects
Nursing implications
Interventions
Ensure adequate hydration; provide environmental control
(temperature) to prevent hyperpyrexia.
Have patient void before taking medication if urinary
retention is a problem.
Teaching points
When used preoperatively or in other acute situations,
incorporate teaching about the drug with teaching about the
procedure; the ophthalmic solution is mainly used acutely
and will not be self-administered by the patient; the following
apply to oral medication for outpatients:
Take as prescribed, 30 minutes before meals; avoid excessive
dosage.
Avoid hot environments; you will be heat intolerant, and
dangerous reactions may occur.
You may experience these side effects: Dizziness, confusion
(use caution driving or performing hazardous tasks);
constipation (ensure adequate fluid intake, proper diet); dry
mouth (sugarless lozenges, frequent mouth care may help;
may be transient); blurred vision, sensitivity to light
(reversible; avoid tasks that require acute vision; wear
sunglasses in bright light); impotence (reversible); difficulty
in urination (empty the bladder prior to taking drug).
Report rash; flushing; eye pain; difficulty breathing; tremors,
loss of coordination; irregular heartbeat, palpitations;
headache; abdominal distention; hallucinations; severe or
persistent dry mouth; difficulty swallowing; difficulty in
urination; constipation; sensitivity to light.
Therapeutic effects
Positive inotropic effect on myocardium increases cardiac
Indications
Contraindications
Side effects
Nursing implications
Drug class
cardiovascular agent;
central-acting anti-hypertensive
analgesic
Therapeutic effects
Clonidine stimulates alpha-2receptors in brainstem which
Contraindications
Nursing implications
Side effects
Antihypertensive, Vasodilator
Therapeutic effects
Acts directly on vascular smoothmuscle to cause
Contraindications
Side effects
Nursing implications
SALBUTAMOL (Ventolin)
FUROSEMIDE (Lasix)
Drug class
Therapeutic effects
Therapeutic effects
Indications
Contraindications
Side effects
Nursing implications
Loop diuretic
Pregnancy Category C
Furosemide inhibits reabsorption of Na and chloride mainly
in the medullary portion of the ascending Loop of Henle.
Excretion of potassium and ammonia is also increased while
uric acid excretion is reduced. It increases plasma-renin levels
and secondary hyperaldosteronism may result. Furosemide
reduces BP in hypertensives as well as in normotensives. It
also reduces pulmonary oedema before diuresis has set in.
Indications
Contraindications
Side effects
Nursing implications
Assessment
Therapeutic effects
Indications
Teaching points
Contraindications
Side effects
Nursing implications
PARACETAMOL (Tylenol)
Drug class