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pp 299-302
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Research Article
Abstract: Antibiotics are commonly prescribed for the Upper
respiratory tract infection. But if antibiotics are not used rationally
then there will be increase chances of resistance of bacteria as well
as increase in the total cost of treatment. This study was conducted
to see the antibiotics utilization pattern. Aim: This drug utilization
study was conducted to evaluate the pattern of antibiotics use in
Medicine Department of a Krishna Hospital, Karad, and
Maharashtra, India. 200 case records were examined, of which
56.5% were URTI (nonspecific URTI), 28% were sinusitis,
pharyngitis and CSOM accounted for 24% and 7% respectively.
Female accounted for 64% and male for 36% of total cases. The
World Health Organization (WHO) indicators (utilization in
defined daily doses (DDD); DDD/1000inhibitant/day) were used
and the ATC/DDD method was implemented. The most frequently
prescribed antibiotic was Azithromycin, followed by ceftriaxone.
The DDD/1000inhibitant/day of Azithromycin was the highest
(2.3308). Out of the 200 case records, culture and sensitivity was
done in only 8 cases of URTI and all were sterile. Out of the total
case records analyzed, antibiotics were not prescribed in 18 (9%)
cases. Rest received antibiotics. Prescribing by generic names has
to be encouraged.
Key words: Drug utilization, Antibiotics, DDD (defined daily
dose), Upper respiratory tract infection.
Introduction
Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are responsible
for more visits to physicians than any other types of
infectious disease.(1) It is a nonspecific term used to
describe acute infections involving the nose, paranasal
sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi. The
prototype is the illness known as the common cold and
others infections are tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis,
sinusitis, otitis media and tracheobronchitis.(2) Often
considered trivial from the standpoint of mortality, these
infections have a considerable economic impact.
Respiratory tract infections in general account for more
restricted activity and loss of time from work and school
than any other category of infections.(3)Viruses cause
most URTIs, with rhinovirus, parainfluenza virus,
coronavirus, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus,
coxsackievirus, and influenza virus accounting for most
cases.(4)The decision to prescribe antibiotics is complex
Copyright 2014, Statperson Publications, International Journal of Recent Trends in Science And Technology, ISSN 2277-2812 E-ISSN 2249-8109, Volume 10, Issue 2
2014
Harish Govind Naik, Chitra C. Khanwelkar, Ashwini Kolur, Rohit Desai, Sunil Gidamudi
Result
The study monitored the drug utilization pattern to the
patients treated to upper respiratory tract infection in
medicine department at Krishna Hospital, Karad. A total
of 200 case records of the patients with different
presenting symptoms were analyzed. All the case records
had the complete documentation of information,
including
patients
demographic
characteristics,
diagnosis, drug names, dose route and frequency of
intake. Observations of the study are presented in the
form of different tables.
Illness
URTI(nonspecific URTI)
Sinusitis
Pharyngitis
CSOM
PTB
2
0
0
0
COPD
0
0
0
0
%
36
18
7
3
Anemia
2
1
0
0
Table 3: Average number of Antimicrobial agents used, State of the patients at the time of discharge
Illness
Drugs
Improved
Unchanged
URTI(nonspecific URTI)
1.15
109
4
Sinusitis
1.17
56
0
Pharyngitis
1.3
24
0
CSOM
1.14
6
1
Out of the 200 case records, culture and sensitivity was done in only 8 cases of URTI and all were sterile. Out of the total
case records analyzed, antibiotics were not prescribed in 18 (9%) cases. Rest received antibiotics.
Sr. No.
1
2
3
International Journal of Recent Trends in Science And Technology, ISSN 2277-2812 E-ISSN 2249-8109, Volume 10, Issue 2, 2014
Page 300
International Journal of Recent Trends in Science And Technology, ISSN 2277-2812 E-ISSN 2249-8109, Volume 10, Issue 2, 2014 pp 299-302
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
NO
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Cefadroxil
Cefixime
Cefuroxime
Ceftriaxone
Cefpodoxime
13
22
1
38
1
Marcrolide
Azithromycin
61
Flouroquinolones
Ciprofloxacin
7
Levofloxacin
4
Tetracycline Antibiotic
Doxycycline
6
6.5
11
0.5
19
0.5
30.5
3.5
2
3
Copyright 2014, Statperson Publications, International Journal of Recent Trends in Science And Technology, ISSN 2277-2812 E-ISSN 2249-8109, Volume 10, Issue 2
2014
Harish Govind Naik, Chitra C. Khanwelkar, Ashwini Kolur, Rohit Desai, Sunil Gidamudi
References
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11.
12.
13.
International Journal of Recent Trends in Science And Technology, ISSN 2277-2812 E-ISSN 2249-8109, Volume 10, Issue 2, 2014
Page 302