Professional Documents
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College of Architecture
Roof
Ts
To
To
Ts
Ti
Ceiling/Airspace
Ti
Roof and wall are analyzed in the same way. In winter the heat loss is simple transmission based
on the inside and outside temperature, and U-value of composite structure;
Q(winter) = U*A*(Ti-To)
Ti = Inside air temperature
To = Outside air temperature
In summer the solar radiation affects the outside surface of wall and roof. The absorbed radiation
increases the temperature of the outside surface to a value that is greater than outside air
temperature. This outside surface temperature is called Sol-air temperature. It depends on the
properties of wall and roof structure, outside surface material and color, and solar radiation
intensity component perpendicular to the outside surface. The solar radiation amount depends on
the orientation of the surface, solar altitude angle, and solar azimuth angle.
An approximate equation for the sol-air temperature (Ts) of the outside surface of a given wall or
roof is:
Ts = To + A * (Id + Is) / Hso
A = absorption coefficient of outside surface
Id = direct solar radiation on surface
Is = scatter or diffuse solar radiation
Hso = outside wall or roof surface film resistance
The heat gain through a wall or roof in summer is:
Q(summer) = U*A*(Ts - Ti)
Q must be adjusted for thermal lag and time delay. OR
Q(summer) = U*A*(CLTD) using the CLTD method
F12 - 1
College of Architecture
F12 - 2
College of Architecture
Example
NW
Latitude : 24oN
Month : July
SW
NE
SE
No Windows
Wall
Facing
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
11
14
16
19
21
24
26
29
30
30
NE
14
25
34
38
38
36
35
33
32
31
29
26
16
29
39
45
46
43
40
37
35
33
30
27
SE
17
25
31
34
35
34
33
32
31
29
26
13
18
22
25
26
26
26
23
SW
13
17
24
32
40
46
48
45
13
17
24
34
46
56
62
59
NW
13
17
22
30
39
48
54
53
SUM
46
90
132
164
186
202
222
248
276
300
308
289
F12 - 3
College of Architecture
Latitude : 24oN
Example
Month : July
Hours 11AM-10PM
Facing
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
10
12
14
16
18
21
23
25
26
25
NE
15
20
25
29
30
31
31
31
31
30
28
26
17
24
30
34
36
36
36
35
34
32
30
28
SE
10
15
20
24
27
28
29
29
29
29
27
25
11
14
17
20
21
22
22
21
SW
12
16
21
27
32
36
37
36
12
16
22
30
37
44
47
46
NW
12
15
20
26
33
38
42
41
SUM
65
88
112
134
154
172
194
219
240
256
259
248
Latitude : 24oN
Example
Month : July
Hours 1PM-12MIDNIGHT
Facing
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
10
11
13
14
16
17
19
20
21
21
21
NE
18
21
23
24
26
27
27
27
27
26
25
24
20
24
26
28
30
30
31
31
30
29
28
26
SE
14
17
19
21
23
24
25
25
25
25
21
23
10
12
14
16
17
18
18
18
17
SW
10
12
15
18
22
25
28
29
29
28
10
11
11
13
16
20
25
30
33
36
36
35
NW
10
11
12
15
18
22
26
30
32
32
32
SUM
94
109
119
133
151
167
185
200
211
216
210
206
F12 - 4
College of Architecture
EXAMPLE: ROOF
Latitude : 24oN
Example
Month : July
Hours 9AM-10PM
Roof
type
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
26
44
62
76
87
92
92
86
74
58
39
23
11
22
35
47
59
68
74
77
74
68
58
47
10
19
30
42
52
61
68
71
70
66
59
10
14
20
27
35
43
49
54
58
58
56
52
14
19
19
21
24
27
32
36
40
43
45
46
45
Roof Type 1 (light) peaks at 2:00 PM and Roof Type 14 (heavy peaks at 7 PM
F12 - 5
College of Architecture
F12 - 6
College of Architecture
100 ft
24oN Latitude
Example
300 ft
100 ft
July
LIGHT
Hour
CONSTRUCTION
July
Hour
HEAVY
CONSTRUCTION
No.
RF
No.
RF
17
20
14
29
30
15
18
13
26
27
14
16
12
24
25
12
14
10
21
23
11
12
18
21
16
11
16
19
29
11
10
14
19
10
11
39
22
10
11
12
19
11
14
45
35
11
13
11
21
12
16
46
13
13
47
12
17
10
24
13
19
43
18
17
59
13
20
10
27
14
21
40
22
24
68
14
10
24
11
32
15
24
37
25
34
74
15
11
26
11
36
16
26
35
26
46
77
16
13
28
10
13
40
17
29
33
26
56
74
17
14
30
12
16
43
18
30
30
26
62
68
18
16
30
14
20
45
19
30
27
23
59
58
19
17
31
16
25
46
20
26
23
20
50
47
20
19
31
17
30
45
21
21
19
17
39
37
21
20
30
18
33
44
22
17
16
14
30
29
22
21
29
18
36
42
23
13
12
11
23
22
23
21
28
18
36
39
24
10
10
17
16
24
21
26
17
35
37
F12 - 7
College of Architecture
Length (ft) =
Building
100
Width (ft) =
100
30,000
Wall U-value =
Height (ft) =
0.2
300
10,000
Roof U-value =
0.2
Calculate Heat Gains at: (1) 8:00 AM (2) 12:00 Noon (3) 4:00 PM (4) 8:00 PM (5) 12:00 Midnight
Heat Gain (btu/hr) = Area * U-value * CLTD
July
NORTH
Hr.No. CLTD
LIGHT
MBH
EAST
CLTD
SOUTH
MBH
WEST
ROOF
TOT
CLTD
MBH
CLTD
MBH
CLTD
MBH
MBH
CONSTRUCTION
30
16
96
138
12
16
96
46
276
13
78
13
78
47
94
622
16
26
156
35
210
26
156
46
276
77
154
952
20
26
156
23
138
20
120
50
300
47
94
808
24
10
60
10
60
54
17
102
16
32
308
HEAVY
Peaks at 4 PM
CONSTRUCTION
54
11
66
48
16
96
19
38
302
12
48
17
102
30
10
60
24
48
288
16
13
78
28
168
10
60
13
78
40
80
464
20
19
114
31
186
17
102
30
180
45
90
672
24
21
126
26
156
17
102
35
210
37
74
668
Envelope
Peaks at 8 PM
Solar
Heat Gain
Radiation
MBH
BTUH
1000 MBH
300 BTUH
800 MBH
600 MBH
200 BTUH
400 MBH
100 BTUH
200 MBH
8:00
12:00
4:00
8:00
12:00
AM
Noon
PM
PM
Mdngt
F12 - 8