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PRESENTATION TOPICS
Introduction;
Analytic Model;
Numerical Model;
Numerical Simulations;
Conclusions.
Introduction
Introduction
Problems at field:
Introduction
Introduction
2.
3.
4.
Analytic Model
Analytic Model
A linear axial strain () distribution is observed through the Pipe cross section:
and
where y is a distance from the neutral axis to the chosen point, is the radius of
curvature, L is the length of pipe model, is the angle at curved cross section.
Analytic Model
Figure on the left shows the distribution of stresses (in the direction of z axis) at the end of the
loading step and the figure on the right shows the material behavior at intrados: first
submitted to a stress compressive state at loading step and then a stress tensile state at end
of unloaded step (spring back).
Analytic Model
From equilibrium conditions and considering three integrals to deal with two different
areas (dA1) and (dA2) and to the stress at the elastic core and at plastic region:
and
and
Numerical Model
Numerical Model
Material properties for API 5L X70 steel pipe and the stress-strain curve.
Numerical Model
Numerical Model
74536 Nodes
5416 Elements
Numerical Simulations
The cold bending process model considers two stages: loading and
unloading:
Numerical Simulations
Numerical Simulations
Numerical Simulations
Numerical Simulations
Numerical results show that the cold bending process promotes high levels of
residual stresses. Values near yield stress are observed;
Very good results were obtained by the analytic model for strains while for
stresses the results were only reasonable;
The use of elastic-perfectly plastic material for the analytic model and a bilinear
hardening material for the numeric model explains the differences of behavior,
since in analytic model the stresses were limited to yield stress;
Also the analytic model does not consider the ovalization produced by the cold
bending of pipe.
Numerical Simulations
Numerical Simulations
N-464 standard (Petrobras, 2008) establishes that the ovalization factor after the
pipe curve bending must not exceed 2.5%;
Results show that the applied loading promotes a final bending angle of near 1
and a final ovalization below the allowed maximum value stated by N-464
standard (Petrobras, 2008).
Conclusions
Conclusions
Questions?
Thank you!!!