Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Managing Labor
Migration under the
ASEAN Economic
Community: Key Issues
Giovanni Capannelli
Special Adviser to the Dean, ADBI
ADBI Tokyo,
y , 28 January
y 2014
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Contents
1. ASEAN key
y labor market statistics
2. Institutional framework on labor
issues in ASEAN
3. Labor issues in the ASEAN
E
Economic
i Community
C
it (AEC)
4. Developing labor skills
5. Protecting migrant workers
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ASEAN at a Glance
Association off Southeast
S
Asian Nations
ASEAN Basic Information
Established: 1967
10 Member Countries
2012 Data
Population
618 Million
(8.8% of world's)
GDP
$ 2,327 Billion
(3.2% of wolrd's)
Per-capita GDP
Total Exports
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$3,767
(1/3 of wolrd average)
$ 1,250 Billion
(7% of world's)
Population
0.4
15.3
244.5
6.6
29 5
29.5
63.7
95.8
5.3
67.9
88 8
88.8
617.7
1,227.2
127.6
1,354.0
50 0
50.0
7,046.0
IMF: World Economic Outlook Database and Direction of Trade Statistics (2013).
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Pouplation
('000)
Labor Force
('000)
Total
World
Inward Labor
Migration ('000)
Total
World
IntraASEAN
Net Labor
Inward Labor
Migration Stock Migrants / Labor
('000) *
Force (%)
IntraASEAN
5,184
2,632
297
122
1,967
1,163
1,670
74.7
414
202
24
148
121
124
73.3
Malaysia
28,251
12,250
1,481
1,196
2,358
1,883
876
19.2
Thailand
63,878
38,977
811
263
1,157
448
346
3.0
Brunei Dar.
14,953
8,050
350
54
336
321
(15)
4.2
Myanmar
61,187
27,337
515
321
98
(417)
0.4
Indonesia
237,641
117,578
2,504
1,519
397
158
(2,107)
0.3
Viet Nam
88,257
47,936
2,226
222
69
22
(2,157)
0.1
Philippines
94 010
94,010
39 639
39,639
4 276
4,276
335
435
(3 840)
(3,840)
11
1.1
6,437
3,179
367
83
19
10
(348)
0.6
600,212
297,780
10,626
3,902
6,915
4,114
(3,710)
2.3
Lao PDR
ASEAN
ASEAN=Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Brunei Dar.=Brunei Darussalam; Lao PDR=Lao People's Democratic Republic.
( ) Refers to the Net Labor Migration Stock for the World's
(*)
World s Total
Total.
Source: World Bank. Bilateral Estimates of Bilater Migrant Stocks in 2010.
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OUT World
OUT ASEAN
IN World
IN ASEAN
1,500
500
(500)
(1,500)
(2,500)
OUT=Outward Stock
IN=Inward Stock
(3,500)
(4,500)
ASEAN=Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Brunei Dar.=Brunei Darussalam; Lao PDR=Lao People's
(*) Refers to the Net Labor Migration Stock for the World's Total.
Source: World Bank. Bilateral Estimates of Bilater Migrant Stocks in 2010. Available:
htt //d t
http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SM.POP.TOTL
ldb k
/i di t /SM POP TOTL (accessed
(
d November
N
b 2013)
2013).
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ASEAN migrants
g
to OECD: Key
y figures
g
ASEAN Countries' Migrants' Stock (15+) to OECD in 2005-06
Emigrants
Country
(`000)
180
Low
Mid
High
g
15-24
25-64
65+
160
PHI
2,502
14
34
52
10
78
12
140
VIE
1,758
34
39
28
82
10
120
THA
347
31
36
33
21
76
100
INO
336
18
40
42
11
65
25
LAO
256
41
39
20
87
CAM
255
45
35
20
84
10
MAL
246
12
30
58
18
75
SIN
119
16
31
53
17
76
MYA
78
25
30
44
10
72
18
BRU
10
18
31
51
24
74
Source: Managing Migration to Support Inclusive and Sutainable Grow th, OECD and ADBI,
http://w w w .adbi.org/files/2013.01.11.book.managing.migration.sustainable.grow th.pdf
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2001
165167
2010
88
80
60
51
40
22
20
20
1 0
2 3
BRU
LAO
SIN
CAM
32
25
5
11
10
6 7
29
52
MYA
LAM
INO
THA
VIE
PHI
Source: ADBI & OECD (2013) Managing Migration to Support Inclusive and Sutainable Grow th.
Available: http://w w w .adbi.org/files/2013.01.11.book.managing.migration.sustainable.grow th.pdf
2. IInstitutional
2
tit ti
l
f
framework
k on llabor
b
issues in ASEAN
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The
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ASEAN Socio
Socio-Cultural
Cultural Community (ASCC)
11
Commiittee on the
Implementation of the
SLOM Working Group
ASEAN Occupational
ASEAN Declaration on
on the HIV Prevention
Safety and Health
and Control on the
the Protection of the
N t
Network
k (OSHNET)
Workplace
Rights of Migrant
Workers
Tokyo, 27-28 January 2014
th
The 4 ADBI-OECD-ILO Roundtable on Labor Migration in Asia
ASEAN
Community Pillar
P liti l S
Political-Security
it
Economic
Socio-Cultural
12
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K R
Key
Recommended
d d Actions
A ti
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15
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ASEAN-related
ASEAN
related FTAs and CEPs Framework
AFTA=ASEAN Free Trade Area; APEC=Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation; ASEM=Asia-Europe Meeting; ASEAN=Association of
Southeast Asian Nations; CEPT=Common External Preferential Tariff; EAFTA=East Asian Free Trade Area; EAS=East Asia Summit;
EU=European Union; FTA= Free Trade Agreement; FTAAP=Free Trade Area of Asia and the Pacific; Lao PDR=Lao People's Democratic
Republic; RCEP=Regional Economic Comprehensive Partnership; TPP=Trans-Pacific Partnership.
Notes: (*) Under Negotiation; (**) Proposed
Proposed.
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3. L
3
Labor
b issues
i
in
i the
th
ASEAN Economic
Community (AEC)
18
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Doctor
oc o
Architect
c ec
Engineer
Nurse
Dentist
Surveyor
Accountant
23
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4. Developing
p g
labor skills
27
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F
Foster
students
d
& teachers
h
exchange
h
programs
A new Credit Transfer System has been introduced under the
ASEAN University
y Network,, to allow student mobilityy
Regional scholarship programs similar to the Erasmus program of
the EU could be introduced: undergraduates to spend a
g in foreign
g universities
few months of college
receiving full credit for taken subjects
31
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5. Protecting
g
migrant workers
32
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Protecting
g Migrant
g
Workers: Key
y Issues
Enhance overall governance of ASEAN labor migration system
Avoid exploitation and mistreatment of migrant workers
Step-up regional fight against human trafficking
Improve statistics and information flows across countries
Promote dialogue among stakeholders in the regional labor system
Improve occupational safety and health conditions of work places
Development instruments to ensure the protection and promotion
of migrant workers rights
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Thank You!
For more information
information:
Giovanni Capannelli
Special Adviser to the Dean
Asian Development Bank Institute, Tokyo
gcapannelli@adbi.org
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