Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Discuss how the main sources of domestic energy have changed over
time:
1.2
Assess some of the impacts of changes in, and increased access to,
sources of energy for a community:
1.3
First main sources of energy were wood, animals, wind and water
Over time fuels such as coal, gas and oil began to be utilised
Pollution
Increases standard of living
Affect on the environment
Greater access to communication devices
Lighting and heating
2.2
2.3
Define the electric field as a field of force with a field strength equal
to the force per unit charge at that point
2.4
2.5
Electric current is the rate at which charge flows under the influence
of an electric field
Electric current (I) is measured in amperes (A) which is the
equivalent to coulombs per second (it is measured by an ammeter in
series)
Moving charges are called charge carriers
Actual current flow is from negative to positive but in physics we use
conventional current flow which is from positive to negative
Identify that current can be either direct with the net flow of charge
carriers moving in one direction or alternating with the charge
carriers moving backwards and forwards periodically:
2.6
2.8
2.9
= :
Length the longer the section, the more likely therell be collisions
(between free electrons and ions), hence the longer the wire, the
greater the resistance
Cross sectional area the narrower the wire, the more difficulty
electrons have passing through (greater chance of collision), hence the
narrower the wire, the greater the resistance
Temperature The higher the temperature, the greater the resistance
because the ions vibrate with greater amplitude at higher
temperatures, increasing the chance of collision
Material The chance of collision also depends upon the chemical
structure of the material, materials with lower electrical conductivity
have greater resistance
3.2
3.3
Series circuits have the same current flowing through each of its
resistors
In series circuits, each resistor has its own voltage drop and the sum
of these voltage drops equals the voltage supplied V=V1+V2+V3
In parallel circuits, resistors have the same voltage drops regardless of
resistor value and each voltage drop equals the voltage supplied
In parallel circuits, each resistor has its own current and the sum of
their currents equals the current supplied (if resistors are equal, the
current will divide equally between them, if they are unequal, the
current will divide unequally with the greater current flowing through
the resistor with the lesser resistance) I=I1+I2+I3
3.4
3.5
Explain why there are different circuits for lighting, heating and
other appliances in a house:
There are different circuits for lighting, heating and other appliances
because each appliance has a maximum current that can go through it
without it being at risk of overloading (overloading can cause an
electrical fire)
Also, wires that carry higher currents are required to be thicker (to
prevent overloading)
Separate circuits are also used to decrease the chance of a short
circuit occurring (where an active wire comes in contact with a
neutral wire or is earthed)
4.3
Identify that the total amount of energy used depends on the length
of time the current is flowing and can be calculated using: W=VIt:
Electric currents also produce magnetic fields and these fields are used in
different devices in the home
5.1
5.2
When magnetic poles are brought close together they exert a force
on each other
North and South poles attract each other; like poles repel, opposite
poles attract
The closer the poles, the stronger the attraction or repulsion
A pair of magnetics with equal and opposite magnetic poles is called
a magnetic dipole
When two magnets are brought close together, there will be four
pairs of forces between the poles and this will result in an overall
force of attraction or repulsion depending on the positions of the
two magnets
5.3
5.4
Magnetic field between two equal north poles and two equal south
poles:
5.5
6.2