Introduction to finishing

Area of study:

Systems in finishing
Surfactants
Pre finishing
Finishing

Finishing Processes or Textile Finishing Processes

Due to the chemical composition and shape, the material can be:

Finishing of cotton and blend with cotton

Finishing of wool and blend with wool
Finishing of silk and synthetic filament yarn
Finishing of knitwear of all type of fibers
Finishing of threads

Finishing of textiles are divided into:

Pre finishing: material is cleaned, the additives are removed, bleaching and pre
bleaching, then the material is prepared for finishing and dyeing.
Finishing: the characteristics and looks of the material are changed by physicochemical and mechanical processes
Systems and devices in wet textile finishing
Discontinuous systems
Continuous systems
Semi-continuous systems
I.

Discontinuous systems

Devices in which the bath is at standstill, and the material moves.

Bath with winches
Jigger
Devices in which the material is at standstill and the bath moves.
Boilers and equipment
Devices in which the material and the bath move.
Jet machine
Machine for the processing of organic solvents

Jigger machine
Discontinuous system
Devices in which the bath is at standstill, and the material moves.

Introduction to finishing

Bath with winches

Discontinuous system
Devices in which the bath is at standstill, and the material moves.

Radial device for dyeing

Discontinuous system
Device where the bath moves and the material stands still

Introduction to finishing

High pressure device for dyeing

Discontinuous system
Device where the bath moves and the material stands still

Jet

Discontinuous system
Device where bath and material move

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Machine for dry cleaning of organic solvents

Discontinuous system
Device where the bath and the material move

Introduction to finishing

II.

Continuous system
Less expenses of energy, time, resources and work force
Work continuously until the end of every process
Most of them have 2 phases:
Coating bath on material
Processing

Fular (Foulard)
Continuous system

Introduction to finishing

Boots (J-box)
Continuous system

III.

Continuous boiling

Semi continuous system

Introduction to finishing

Any interruption of continuous systems and devices gives semi-continuous

process.
Not recommended - bigger cost, time, power, energy and space.
They are used for finishing of some special processes:
Semi continuous bleaching of cotton
Semi continuous dyeing
Semi continuous starching

Semi continuous bleaching - Pad roll

IV.

The squeezing effect - Efekt cijeenja (EC)

EC=

Mass of wet materialmass of dry material

100[ ]
Mass of dry material

Squeezing is regulated by the pressure of rollers

Stronger squeezing = less liquid left = lower EC