4 PDMA Punjab

Disaster Risk Management Plan: Punjab
48/8, Lawrence Road, Lahore

Phone: (92-42) 9204406 Fax: (92-42) 9204405
November, 2008
Disaster Risk Management Plan
Punjab
November, 2008
Provincial Disaster Management Authority

Phone: (92-42) 9204406 Fax: (92-42) 9204405
Copyright 2008 Provincial Disaster Management Authority, Punjab

Material in this publication may be freely quoted, but acknowledgment is requested.
Technical Assistance:
National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
Conceptualized & Supervised by:
Mr. Zubair Murshed
Planning Consultants:
Mr. Irfan Maqbool & Mr. Thomas Nyambane
Reviewed & Edited by:
Mr. Shalim Kamran Dost
Printed by:
Gul Awan Printers, Islamabad Ph: 051-2873702
The Plan is available from:

a.
Director General
Phone: (92-42) 9204406
Fax:
(92-42) 9204405
b.
National Disaster Management Authority

Prime Minister's Secretariat
Islamabad
Phone: (92-51) 9222373
Fax
(92-51) 9204197
c.
United Nations Development Program

House # 124, Street 11, Sector E-7,
Islamabad
Phone: (92-51) 2652840
Fax:
(92-51) 2652536
The Plan can also be downloaded from:

http//www.ndma.gov.pk
http//www.undp.org.pk
Table of Contents
Foreword
Message of the Chief Minister, Punjab Province
Message of the Chief Secretary, Punjab Province
Message of Chairman, National Disaster Management Authority
List of Acronyms
Vision, Mission and Objectives of this Plan
Basic Terms and Concept
Chapter 1 Profile of Punjab Province

1.1.
1.2.
1.3.
1.4.
1.5.
1.6.
Administration
Geography
Weather and Climate
Demography
Economy
Poverty in Punjab
Chapter 2 Disaster Risks in Punjab

2.1.
2.2.
Common Hazards in Punjab

Pressures Leading to Vulnerability
Chapter 3 Priority Strategies for Disaster Risk Management

3.1.
3.2.
3.3.
3.4.
Strategies for Disaster Risk Management

Strategies for Flood Mitigation
Strategies for Drought Mitigation
Action Plan 2009-11
Chapter 4
4.1.
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
Chapter 5
5.1.
5.2.
5.3.
5.4.
5.5.
Disaster Risk Management Institutions
Provincial Disaster Management Commission (PDMC)

Provincial Disaster Management Authority (PDMA)
District Disaster Management Authorities (DDMA)
Tehsil and Town Authorities
Union Councils
Community Board Organizations
Provincial Disaster Management Structure
Roles and Responsibilities of Stakeholders

Agriculture Department
Livestock & Dairy Development Department
Irrigation Department
Environment Protection Department
I
III
V
VII
IX
XI
XIII
01
01
01
01
01
01
02
03
03
12
13
13
14
15
15
19
19
19
20
21
21
21
22
23
23
25
26
27
29
5.6.
5.7.
5.8.
5.9.
5.10.
5.11.
5.12.
5.13.
5.14.
5.15.
5.16.
5.17.
5.18.
5.19.
5.20.
5.21.
5.22.
5.23.
5.24.
5.25.
5.26.
5.27.
5.28.
5.29.
5.30.
5.31.
Health Department
Housing, Urban Development & Public Health Engineering Department
Planning and Development Department
Local Government and Community Development Department
Finance Department
Communication and Works Department
Information Technology Department
Industries Department
Forest, Wildlife and Fisheries Department
Mines and Minerals Department
Education Department
Special Education Department
Home Department
Social Welfare, Women Development and Baitul Mal Department
The Civil Defence Department
Pakistan Meteorological Department
Punjab Emergency Services (Rescue-1122)
Major Hospitals (Health Department)
Civil Aviation Authority
Water and Sanitation Authority (WASA)
Information, Culture and Youth Affairs Department
Lahore Chamber of Commerce & Industry
Pakistan Red Crescent Society
Non Governmental Organizations / National Voluntary Movement
Technical Agencies
Academic and Research Institutions
Chapter 6
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
Chapter 7
7.1
Standard Operating Procedures
Concept of Operation
General
Protracted Operations
Receipt and distribution of Warnings
Public Information
Managing Public Information
Information Management and Rumor Control
Reporting, Briefings and Conferences
Reporting and After Action Reports
Request for Assistance
Criteria for Relief to affected population
Criteria for Emergency Relief Assistance
Reconstruction
Provincial Disaster Management Fund
Levels of Operation
Standard Operating Procedures for Varying Emergency Levels
30
31
31
32
32
33
33
34
35
36
36
37
37
38
39
40
40
41
42
42
42
43
43
43
44
44
45
45
45
46
46
47
48
48
48
49
49
49
49
50
50
53
53
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
Provincial Emergency Operations Centre (PEOC)

Activation of the PEOC
Flood Warning Centre
Flood Warning System in Punjab
Chapter 8
8.1
8.2
8.3
Simulations and Drills
Responsibility for Organizing the Drills

Schedules for Organizing the Drills
Resources for Organizing the Drills
List of Annexes
12345678910111213141516171819202122-
Main Hazard Prone Districts in Punjab Province

Salient Features of Punjab Irrigation System
List of Flood Prone Districts and Areas along Main Rivers
Estimates of Floods Damages in Punjab since 1973
Flood Damages in Punjab
Emergency Management Contacts - Floods
Industrial Establishment in Punjab
District-Wise Industrial Units
District-Wise Flood Relief Arrangements
Lead Agencies and Support Organizations for Emergency Response
Inventory of Earth Moving Machinery
Emergency Response Contacts - Punjab
Phone & Fax Numbers of District Coordination Officers
Emergency Response Contacts Federal Level
Key Tasks and Activities in Recovery Planning and Management
Stationary Requirement at PEOC
Resource List for PEOC
Food Storage Capacity in Punjab
Impact of Human Pollution Activity on Environment
Hazard Specific Measures
Persons Consulted in Plan Preparation
Multi Stakeholders Consultation Workshop for Punjab DRM Plan
56
56
57
57
59
59
59
59
61
61
62
63
64
66
67
68
69
70
71
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
88
89
Foreword
The promulgation of the National Disaster Management Ordinance, 2006 and the approval of National
Disaster Risk Management Framework led to the establishment of National Disaster Management
Authority as focal point at the federal level. The Provincial Disaster Management Authorities (PDMAs)
are the focal point for disaster risk management endeavours in the respective provinces.
Natural hazards including floods, droughts, storms and heat-wave to human induced disasters such as
urban fires, terrorism, health epidemics, industrial and transport accidents have caused a substantial loss
to life and property in the past in Punjab Province.
The primary objective of developing the provincial plan is to promote a culture of disaster prevention
across the province by taking all provincial stakeholders aboard and consolidating the efforts and
resources for a safer province.
This Provincial Disaster Risk Management Plan provides strategic guidelines and it includes:
o Vision, Mission and Objectives
o Profile of Punjab Province
o Disaster Risks in Punjab
o Disaster Risk Management Institutions
o Roles of Key Stakeholders
o Standard Operating Procedures
o Levels of Operation
o Simulations and Drills
The plan has been developed through bilateral consultations with relevant stakeholders in disaster risk
management in the province.
I am grateful to Lt. Gen (Retd) Farooq Ahmed Khan, Chairman National Disaster Management
Authority (NDMA) and Mr. Mohammad Zafar Iqbal, Assistant Resident Representative, United
Nations Development Programme (UNDP) for providing us the much needed technical support and
guidance. We are thankful to Mr. Zubair Murshed, National Disaster Reduction Advisor, for overall
conceptualization and steering the process for development of the plan. Special thanks are due to our
planning experts Mr. Irfan Maqbool and Mr. Thomas Nyambane for their untiring efforts in preparing a
promising document through an extensive process and Mr. Shalim Kamran for reviewing and editing
the plan.
I hope that all the provincial stakeholders would follow the strategic directions given in the Plan to make
Punjab safer from disaster risks.
Maj (Retd.) Rizwan Ullah Baig
Director General
Provincial Disaster Management Authority, Punjab
Message from the Chief Minister Punjab

It is a matter of great satisfaction that the Punjab Disaster Management Authority (PDMA), with
support and guidance from the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) and UNDP has
successfully developed the Disaster Risk Management Plan through an extensive consultative process.
The planning document would significantly contribute towards disaster risk reduction in the province.
As envisaged in the National Disaster Risk Management Framework, the provincial government of
Punjab would proactively pursue the agenda of strengthening the public departments responsible for
managing disaster risks in order to reduce risks emanating from natural and human induced hazards.
The development of this Plan also reflects the importance that the Punjab Government attaches to the
management of disaster risk management to ensure sustainable economic and social development in the
province. I firmly believe that the integration of disaster risk management into the overall development
process would enhance public safety and economic prosperity.
I hope that the PDMA Punjab would continue facilitating and supporting the provincial and district
stakeholders for achieving the overall objective as of disaster risk management.
I assure to all the stakeholders that the Punjab government would provide full support and sufficient
resources to the PDMA and to the DDMAs for making them fully operational and for the
implementation of this plan.
The provincial government would welcome the support and participation of national and international
NGOs, Media, UN agencies, donors, private sector, and research and academic institutions for the
successful implementation of this Plan.
Mian Shahbaz Sharif

Chief Minister, Punjab
III
Message from the Chief Secretary Punjab

The history of disasters in Punjab reveals that the province has suffered at the hands of both natural and
human induced disasters which have adversely affected the economic growth by damaging the
agricultural and industrial productivity as well as the residential infrastructure. Conventional approach
of providing relief after disasters has not proved useful in tackling disaster risks. Thus, disaster affected
people fall in grip of poverty. The need for adoption of a systematic approach to disaster risk reduction
has been felt for quite some time.
The Provincial Disaster Management Authority (PDMA) with technical support and guidance of
National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) and United Nations Development Programme
(UNDP) has developed the Provincial Disaster Risk Management Plan for Punjab through an extensive
consultation process in the form of meetings and workshops.
The development of this Plan reaffirms the desire of the Government of Punjab to deal with disaster
risk issues in a systematic manner. The need of the hour is to integrate disaster risk management into the
overall development process of provincial departments.
I am confident that the PDMA would continue their hard work in order to contribute effectively to make
Punjab safer from disasters.
I would like to thank Chairman NDMA Lt. Gen. (Retd) Farooq Ahmed Khan for his support through
technical assistance to PDMA in this endeavour.
The office of the chief secretary will provide support to the PDMA and to other stakeholders for the
implementation of this Plan.
Javed Mahmood
Chief Secretary, Punjab
Message from the Chairman

Pakistan along with its neighbouring countries of the Asian region is gradually shifting from the simple
disaster response to a more proactive approach to disaster risk management. The increase in the
frequency of disasters and their associated damages in the region is part of a worldwide trend, which
results from growing vulnerability and may reflect changing climate patterns. These trends make it all the
more necessary for our country to address the root causes of vulnerability, rather than merely treating its
symptoms.
The Government of Pakistan realizing the importance of disaster risk management for sustainable
social, economic and environmental development has embarked upon establishing appropriate policy,
legal and institutional arrangements and implementing strategies and programmes to minimize risk and
vulnerabilities. In this regard, the National Disaster Management Ordinance 2006 was passed, the
implementation of which would be ensured by the National Disaster Management Commission.
The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) is the focal point for coordinating and
facilitating the implementation of strategies and programmes on disaster risk management. Similarly
Disaster Management Authorities are being established at provincial, regional and district levels.
The Provincial Disaster Risk Management Plan for Punjab has been compiled to ensure that the
appropriate policies, strategies and programmes for disaster risk management are effectively
implemented. The primary objective of the plan is to save and prevent needless suffering of the
population, protect vital infrastructure installations, livestock, machinery, equipment and resources
from disasters. The plan aims to outline the roles of the provincial authorities and other implementing
agencies operating in the Province. The plan will serve as a guide for the PDMA and concerned
departments and stakeholders for preparedness and emergency response.
The Vision of this document is to contribute to making Punjab a disaster resilient province through the
establishment and upgrading of exclusive organization and building multi-sectoral capacities and
partnerships for disaster risk management.
I am confident that the PDMA in line with Provincial Disaster Risk Management Plan will ensure public
safety and economic prosperity of the people of Punjab.
Lt. Gen (Retd.) Farooq A. Khan
Chairman
VII
List of Acronyms
CBOs
CCBs
DANA
DCO
DDMA
DEOC
DERA
DRM
DRR
EOC
ERRA
FAO
FFC
GIS
GSP
HFA
JCSC
NDMA
NDMC
NDMO
NGOs
PARC
PCRWR
PDMA
PDMC
PEOC
PMD
PRCS
SOPs
TMA
WAPDA
WRRC
WWF
Community Based Organizations

Citizen Community Boards
Damage Assessment and Needs Analysis
District Coordination Officer
District Disaster Management Authority
District Emergency Operations Centre
Drought Emergency Recovery Assistance
Disaster Risk Management
Disaster Risk Reduction
Emergency Operations Centre
Earthquake Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Authority
Food and Agriculture Organization
Federal Flood Commission
Geographical Information Systems
Geological Survey of Pakistan
Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015
Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee
National Disaster Management Commission
National Disaster Management Ordinance, 2006
Non-governmental Organizations
Pakistan Agricultural Research Council
Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources
Provincial Disaster Management Commission
Provincial Emergency Operations Centre
Pakistan Meteorological Department
Pakistan Red Crescent Society
Tehsil Municipal Administration
Water and Power Development Authority
Water Resources Research Centre
World Wide Fund for Nature
IX
Vision, Mission and Objectives

This section explains the vision for the Provincial Disaster Management Authority of Punjab Province
which is guided by the mission statement. Followed by the vision and mission, the section outlines the
key objectives that the authority has set for it self to realize the vision.
Vision
Disaster resilient Punjab province.
Mission
Establishment and upgrading of exclusive organization and building multi-sectoral capacities and
partnerships for disaster risk management in the province of Punjab.
Objectives
a.
To equip communities and institutions with knowledge and capacities for effective disaster risk
management to reduce losses to lives and property.
b.
To provide basis for establishment of polices and procedures for efficient utilization of
resources available within Punjab province to minimize the loss of life and property from
potential hazard threats.
c.
To contribute to strengthening of early warning and early response to disaster threats in Punjab.
d.
To strengthen policy, technical and institutional capacities at provincial, district and community
levels, including those related to technology, training, and human and material resources.
e.
To promote dialogue, collaboration and coordination among stakeholders involved in early

warning, disaster risk management, disaster response and development with the aim of
fostering a holistic approach towards disaster risk reduction and sustainable development.
f.
To organize regular disaster preparedness exercises, including evacuation drills, with a view to
ensure rapid and effective disaster response and access to essential food and non-food relief
supplies, as appropriate, to local needs.
g.
To advocate the promotion and establishment of emergency funds to support response,

recovery and preparedness measures as part of a sustainable way to disaster risk management.
XI
Basic Terms & Concepts used in

Disaster Risk Management
Acceptable Risk
The level of loss a society or community considers it can live with and for which it does not need to
invest in mitigation.
Biological Hazard
Biological vectors, micro-organisms, toxins and bioactive substances, which may cause the loss of life or
injury, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation.
Capacity
A combination of all the strengths and resources available within a community, society or organization
that can reduce the level of risk, or the effects of a disaster.
Capacity may include physical, institutional, social or economic means as well as skilled personal or
collective attributes such as leadership and management. Capacity may also be described as capability.
Capacity Building
Efforts aimed to develop human skills or societal infrastructure within a community or organization
needed to reduce the level of risk. In extended understanding, capacity building also includes
development of institutional, financial, political and other resources, at different levels of the society.
Climate Change
The climate of a place or region is changed if over an extended period (typically decades or longer) there
is a statistically significant change in measurements of either the mean state or variability of the climate
for that region.
Coping Capacity
The means by which people or organizations use available resources and abilities to face a disaster. In
general, this involves managing resources, both in normal times as well as during crises or adverse
conditions.
Disaster
A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or society causing widespread human, material,
economic or environmental losses which exceed the ability of the affected community or society to cope
using its own resources. It results from the combination of hazards, conditions of vulnerability and
insufficient capacity to reduce the potential negative consequences of risk.
XIII
Disaster Risk Management (DRM)

The comprehensive approach to reduce the adverse impacts of a disaster. DRM encompasses all actions
taken before, during, and after the disasters. It includes activities on mitigation, preparedness,
emergency response, recovery, rehabilitation, and reconstruction.
Disaster risk reduction/disaster reduction

The measures aimed to minimize vulnerabilities and disaster risks throughout a society, to avoid
(prevention) or to limit (mitigation and preparedness) the adverse impacts of hazards, within the broad
context of sustainable development.
Early warning
The provision of timely and effective information, through identified institutions, to communities and
individuals so that they could take action to reduce their risk and prepare for effective response.
Emergency management
The management and deployment of resources for dealing with all aspects of emergencies, in
particularly preparedness, response and rehabilitation.
Forecast
Estimate of the occurrence of a future event (UNESCO, WMO). This term is used with different
meanings in different disciplines.
Geological hazard
Natural earth processes that may cause the loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic
disruption or environmental degradation. For example earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic activity and
emissions, landslides, rockslides, rock falls or avalanches, surface collapses, expansive soils and debris or
mud flows.
Hazard
A potentially damaging physical event or phenomenon that may cause the loss of life or injury, property
damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation. Hazards can include natural
(geological, hydrometeorological and biological) or induced by human processes (environmental
degradation and technological hazards). Hazards can be single, sequential or combined in their origin
and effects. Each hazard is characterised by its location, intensity, frequency and probability.
Hazard analysis
Identification, studies and monitoring of any hazard to determine its potential, origin, characteristics
and behaviour.
XIV
Land-Use planning
Branch of physical and socio-economic planning that determines the means and assesses the values or
limitations of various options in which land is to be utilized, with the corresponding effects on different
segments of the population or interests of a community taken into account in resulting decisions. Landuse planning can help to mitigate disasters and reduce risks by discouraging high-density settlements and
construction of key installations in hazard-prone areas, control of population density and expansion.
Mitigation
Structural and non-structural measures undertaken to limit the adverse impact of natural hazards,
environmental degradation and technological hazards.
Natural hazards
Natural processes or phenomena occurring on the earth that may constitute a damaging event. Natural
hazards can be classified by origin namely: geological, hydro meteorological or biological. Hazardous
events can vary in magnitude or intensity, frequency, duration, area of extent, speed of onset, spatial
dispersion and temporal spacing.
Preparedness
Activities and measures taken in advance to ensure effective response to the impact of hazards,
including the issuance of timely and effective early warnings and the temporary evacuation of people
and property from threatened locations.
Prevention
Activities to ensure complete avoidance of the adverse impact of hazards.
Public awareness
The processes of informing the general population, increasing levels of consciousness about risks and
how people can reduce their exposure to hazards. This is particularly important for public officials in
fulfilling their responsibilities to save lives and property in the event of a disaster.
Recovery
Decisions and actions taken after a disaster with a view to restoring or improving the pre-disaster living
conditions of the stricken community, while encouraging and facilitating necessary adjustments to
reduce disaster risk.
Relief / response
The provision of assistance during or immediately after a disaster to meet the life preservation and basic
subsistence needs of those people affected. It can be of an immediate, short-term, or protracted
duration.
XV
Resilience / resilient
The capacity of a community, society or organization potentially exposed to hazards to adapt, by
resisting or changing in order to maintain an acceptable level of functioning. Resilience can be increased
by learning from past disasters for better future protection and to improve risk reduction measures.
Retrofitting (or upgrading)

Reinforcement of existing buildings and structures to become more resistant and resilient to the forces
of natural hazards.
Risk
The chances of losses (deaths, injuries, property, livelihoods, economic activity disrupted or
environment damaged) resulting from interactions between hazards and vulnerable social conditions.
Risk is expressed as Risk = Hazards x Vulnerability. Some experts also include the concept of exposure
to refer to the physical aspects of vulnerability.
Risk assessment/analysis
A methodology to determine the nature and extent of risk by analysing potential hazards and evaluating
existing vulnerability that could pose a potential threat to people, property, livelihoods and the
environment.
Structural / non-structural measures

Structural measures refer to any physical construction to reduce or avoid possible impacts of hazards,
which include engineering measures and construction of hazard-resistant and protective structures and
infrastructure.
Non-structural measures refer to policies, awareness, knowledge development, public commitment, and
methods and operating practices, including participatory mechanisms and the provision of information,
which can reduce risk and related impacts.
Sustainable development
Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs. It contains within it two key concepts: the concept of "needs", in
particular the essential needs of the world's poor, to which overriding priority should be given; and the
idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology and social organization on the environment's
ability to meet present and the future needs. (Brundtland Commission, 1987).
Technological hazards
Danger originating from technological or industrial accidents, infrastructure failures or certain human
activities, which may cause the loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption or
environmental degradation.
XVI
Some examples: industrial pollution, nuclear activities and radioactivity, toxic wastes, dam failures;
transport, explosions, fires, spills.
Vulnerability
The conditions determined by physical, social, economic, and environmental factors or processes,
which increase the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazards.
Wildland fire
Any fire occurring in vegetation areas regardless of ignition sources, damages or benefits.
These terms and concepts have been adapted from the United Nations International Strategy for
Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) list of terms and concepts. An effort has been made to simplify
them for better understanding of the common reader in Pakistan.
XVII
Profile of Punjab Province
Chapter 1
Profile of Punjab Province

1.1.
Administration
Punjab province is the country's most populous region with multiple ethnic identities. Neighboring
areas are Sindh to the south, Balochistan and the North West Frontier Province to the west, Pakistani
administered Azad Kashmir, Indian administered Jammu and Kashmir and Islamabad to the north, and
Indian Punjab and Rajasthan to the east. The province is divided into 35 administrative districts.
1.2.
Geography
Punjab covers 205,344 square kilometers and is located at the northwestern edge of the geologic Indian
plate in South Asia. The province of Punjab is homeland of five rivers: the Indus, Sutlej, Chenab,
Jhelum, and Ravi. The province is mainly a fertile region along the river valleys, while sparse deserts can
also be found near the border with India and Balochistan. The region contains Thal and Cholistan
deserts. The Indus and other rivers traverse the Punjab from north to south. The landscape is amongst
the most heavily irrigated on earth and canals can be found throughout the province. Weather extremes
are notable from the hot and barren south to the cool hills of the north. The foothills of the Himalayas
are found in the extreme north as well.
1.3.
Weather and Climate
Most areas in Punjab experience fairly cool winters, often accompanied by rain. By mid-February the
temperature begins to rise; springtime weather continues until mid-April, when the summer heat sets in.
The onset of the southwest monsoon is anticipated to reach Punjab by May, but since the early 1970s the
weather pattern has been irregular. The spring monsoon has either skipped over the area or has caused it
to rain so hard that floods have resulted. June and July are oppressively hot with temperature rising
almost 50C.
1.4.
Demography
According to the Census Report (1998), the population of Punjab province is 73,621,290 and is home to
over half the population of Pakistan. The province's population density was 359 persons per sq. km
whereas the sex ratio of 107.2 is in favour of males. The urban population was 31.3% and the rural
population stood at 68.7%(1998) with an average household size of 6.9 persons.
1.5.
Economy
Punjab is the most industrialized province of Pakistan; its manufacturing industries produce textiles,
sports goods, machinery, electrical appliances, surgical instruments, metals, bicycles and rickshaws, floor
coverings, and processed foods. In 2003, the province manufactured 90% of the paper and paper
boards, 71% of the fertilizers, 65% of the sugar and 40% of the cement of Pakistan.
Despite its dry climate, extensive irrigation makes it a rich agricultural region. Its canal-irrigation system
established by the British is the largest in the world. Wheat and cotton are the major crops. Other crops
include rice, sugarcane, corn, oilseeds, pulses, fruits, and vegetables. Livestock and poultry production
are also important. The province is playing also a leading role in agricultural production. It contributes
about 68% to annual food grain production in the country.
There are 39,033 small and cottage industrial units. The number of textile units is 11,820. The ginning
industries are 6,778. There are 6,355 units for processing of agricultural raw materials including food
and feed industries. Punjab is also a mineral rich province with extensive mineral deposits of coal, rock
salt, dolomite, gypsum, and silica-sand. The Punjab Mineral Development Corporation is running over a
dozen economically viable projects.
1.6.
Poverty in Punjab
According to the Pakistan Country Strategy and Programme Update 2004-2006, of ADB (PCS.ADB),
rural poverty in Punjab is 34.7%. Punjab Participatory Poverty Assessment (PPA) identified common
factors that define poorest localities and finds the desert or drought affected and flood prone areas as
poorest.
Disaster Risk in Punjab
Chapter 2
Disaster Risks in Punjab

2.1.
Common Hazards
Punjab is beset with plethora of natural and human induced hazards that threaten to affect the lives and
livelihoods of its citizens - natural hazards including floods, storms, earthquakes, heat-wave and drought
to human induced disasters such as fires, civil unrest, terrorism, industrial accidents, sectarian violence,
rail, road and air accidents and health epidemics. These hazards have serious repercussions on Punjab's
sustainable development process.
Major parts of the Punjab, especially the eastern and southern regions are disaster prone and continue to
suffer from frequent hazards such as floods and droughts. In 1999-2002, a major drought affected 7,286
villages comprising millions of people in the province. The agricultural crops, livestock and fruit
orchards were severely affected resulting in losses to economic assets, environment damage and
deterioration of health conditions of people in drought affected districts. During the period 1988-2001,
floods devastated more than 18,691 villages and killed 1,162 people. Over 10 million people were
severely affected. These floods also destroyed agricultural crops, horticulture, livestock, livelihoods and
infrastructures.
Losses Caused By Natural Disasters in Punjab in Recent Past
Hazard Type
Floods
Virus Attack
Cyclone
Drought
Year
Lives Lost
2001
1998
1997
1996
1992
1988
2004
2003
2002
2002
2004
2003
2002
2001
47
250
196
435
234
Villages
Affected
4
161
5891
3767
7435
4035
702
144
122
7
313
31
3493
3449
People Affected
202,397
2,085,585
1,272,499
4,121,010
2,881,300
Floods
In upper to mid reaches of the Indus Basin, rivers like Jhelum and Chennab are the cause of flooding.
Major flooding is generally associated with the monsoon low depression that develops in the Bay of
Bengal and move across India in west/north-westerly direction to enter Pakistan. Apart from river
floods that particularly affect districts of Sialkot, Narowal, Mandi Bahuddin, Sargodha, Khushab,
Shikhupura, Layyah, Rajanpur, D.G. Khan, Jhang, Muzaffargarh and Jehlum, flash floods also hit hilly
and mountain areas of Punjab, which may cause landslides and road erosion. In recent years,
vulnerabilities of large cities to flooding have increased. Cities like Lahore and Rawalpindi have
experienced flooding due to inability of sewerage system to cope with heavy rains. The confluence of
river basins, the canal irrigation network and interrupted drainage system are some of the major reasons
for flooding in Punjab.
Flood Categories in Punjab

(A).
Low/Medium Floods: Bay of Bengal & Arabian Sea Wind Convergence. Heavy rainfall &
low flooding
Category-I Flood (3.5 LAC)
Flood built up confirmation at EL
Balance inflow, outflow up to high flood limit
Watch till elevation rises to
If inflow still rising increase outflow to
(B).
High to very high & super flooding in Chenab & Jhelum Rivers
Category-II Flood (5-7 LAC)
(C).
1202 feet
350,000 cfs
1203 feet
375,000 cfs
1204 feet
425,000 cfs
1205 feet
450,000 cfs
1206 feet
500,000 cfs
High to very high & super flooding in Chenab & Jhelum Rivers
Category-III Flood (ABOVE 7 LAC.)
1202 feet
150,000 cfs
1203 feet
250,000 cfs
1204 feet
300,000 cfs

1198 feet
400,000 cfs
1200 feet
425,000 cfs
1202 feet
450,000 cfs
1204 feet
475,000 cfs
1205 feet
500,000 cfs
Travel Time of Flood Waters

1.1
River Ravi
Madhopure to Jassar:
Jassar to Shahdara:
Shahdara toBalloki:
18 Hrs
36 Hrs
36 Hrs
Balloki to Sindhnai:
72 Hrs
1.2
River Chenab
Marala to Khanki:
12 Hrs
Khanki to Qadirabad:
Qadirabad to Trimmu:
Trimmu to Panjnad:
Panjnad to Mithankot:
06 Hrs
48 Hrs
48 Hrs
24 Hrs
1.1
River Jhelum
Mangla to Rasul:
Rasul to Trimmu:
12 Hrs
72 Hrs
1.2
River Indus
Mandori to Kalabagh:
Kalabagh to Cheshma:
Cheshma to Taunsa:
Taunsa to Mithankot+Guddu:
Guddu to Sukkar:
Sukkar to Kotri:
24 Hrs
24 Hrs
72 Hrs
48+24Hrs
24 Hrs
72 Hrs
1.3
River Sutlej
Sulemanki to Islam:
Islam to Panjnad:
48 Hrs
72 Hrs
Source: Metrological Department

Flood High Risk Districts in Punjab: Sialkot, Jhang, D.G. Khan, Rajanpur
Flood Medium Risk Districts in Punjab: Gujrat, Narowal, Gujranwala, Mandi Bahaudin, T.T. Singh,
Sheikhupura, Khanewal, Lodhran, Layyah, Bahawalpur, Mianwali, Bhakhar, Muzaffarabad.
Flood Vulnerable Districts in Punjab
Breaching Sections in Punjab
Purpose: In case of exceptionally high floods, part of discharges is escaped by providing breaching on
predetermined sites for safety of the hydraulic structure (bridges and barrages).
Details
Total No. of Breaching Sections in Punjab
Operated by I & P Department
Operated by Railway Department
Operated by Highways Department
Breaching Sites
Trimmu
Punjnad
Balloki
Sidhnai
Suleimanki
Islam
Chiniot Flood Bund
No. of Villages Likely

to be Affected
168
35
10
25
27
20
23
Number
18
13
4
1
Population at Risk
200,000
5736
21098
8000
34374
7250
2021
Source: The Irrigation & Power Department, The Punjab
Vulnerable Sites to Floods in Punjab

Name of River
/Nullahs
Indus
High Flood Discharge

(Cs in Lac)
5.0 6.5
Jhelum
Chenab
1.5 3.0
2.00 3.00
Ravi
2.25 3.00
Sutlej
Bein, Deg, Palkhu, Bhimbar,
Bhed, Aik, Basantar, Nallahs
Nallah Lehi
1.20 1.75
7500 24000
Location
Kalurkot, Layyah, Shahwala Groyne,
Jampur, Kot Mithawan, Rojhan
Jhelum City, Shahpur, Sahiwal
Wazirabad, Chiniot, Trimmu/Jhang,
Muzaffargarh/Shershah, Punjnad
Shahdara, Balloki, Muhhamad,
Shahwala/Kamalia, Sidhnai
Kasur, Suleimanki, Islam, Bahawalpur
Shakargarh, Narowal, Sialkot,
Wazirabad, Gujrat, Sheikhupura
Rawalpindi
Drought
Drought is a slow on set phenomenon that affects various sectors in the vulnerable areas. They affect
large geographic areas than floods or other hazards. Drought has many definitions but the common one
is the meteorological drought that is characterised by a reduction in rainfall over a region for a specified
period (day/month/season/year) below a specified amount, usually defined as some proportion
(percentage) of the long term average for the specified time period. The main arid rangelands in the
province include Cholistan, D. G. Khan and Thal areas. Rainfall variation during different seasons is also
considerably high. Climate in lower southern part of the province is arid and hyper-arid. Low rainfall and
precipitation resulted in the lowest water levels recorded in Pakistan. In the year 2000 the rainfall was 14
percent lower than that in 1999, following on from declines of 13.2 percent and 26.2 percent in 1999 and
1998 respectively. 21% of Punjab province's economy was affected by the drought of 1998-2002.
According to the Meteorological Department, the districts of Rawalpindi, Chakwal, Jhelum,
Bahawalpur, R.Y. Khan, D.G. Khan, Khushab, Multan, Attock, Mianwali, Bahawalnagar, Bhakkar,
Layyah, Rajanpur, Narowal and Muzafargarh are prone to drought hazard.
Landslides
The term landslide is used in its broad sense to include downward and outward movement of slope
forming materials (natural rock and soil). It is caused by heavy rain, soil erosion and earth tremors and
also happens in areas under heavy snow. In Punjab province, the Murree area is known to be most
susceptible to landslides than any other district in the province.
Communicable diseases
Communicable diseases form the main bulk of healthcare problems in Punjab. The common
communicable diseases in the province are malaria, TB, cholera, smallpox. Avian flue is yet another
communicable disease under close surveillance to prevent pandemic threat.
Transport Accidents
Transport accidents are a common phenomenon in Punjab. Hundreds of people die every year in
transport accidents.
Drought affected areas in Pakistan
Industrial Accidents
The growing industrialization particularly within urban settlements in cities and main urban areas in
Punjab can be a source of major industrial and chemical disasters. Punjab is Pakistan's most
industrialized province. There are over 18,000 industrial units in the province all involved in various
aspects of industrial activity from processing of agricultural products, manufacture and assembly of
motor vehicles and spare parts, textiles, fertilizers, cement, oil and coal mining, mineral mining, leather,
animal feeds construction material, arms and ammunition, beverages, confectionery, textiles, , gas
production, coal mining and electricity generation, nuclear power plants and installations, boilers, AC
and refrigeration etc.
Pollution
Being the most industrialized province, Punjab is facing a great deal of pollution hazards, especially in its
urban areas. There is for example flow of raw sewage in many cities in the Punjab that flows to the rivers,
thus polluting the water bodies. There are no designated environmentally certified landfills for much of
the industrial waste. This is leading to surface and ground water pollution. A research conducted by the
Environment Department in Punjab found out that there are many obsolete pesticides stored in various
locations in Punjab province. 100 stores in 28 districts were found to be storing an estimated 933 tons of
obsolete pesticides. Also, there is a total of 33843 tons of liquid obsolete pesticides and a total of 18795
tons of solid pesticides.
Earthquakes
Earthquakes occur when there is movement of the tectonic plates. Based on studies by the Geological
Survey of Pakistan, Punjab, except Murree and Kotli Sattian tehsils in Rawalpindi District, falls away
from the fault lines and is unlikely to be affected by massive earthquakes. No major losses have occurred
following earthquakes in the recent recorded history in Punjab.
Seismic Zones of Pakistan
Source: Pakistan Meteorological Department
Urban and Forest Fires

With growing urbanization and industrialization in the province, risks of urban fires are on the rise.
Compressed Natural Gas stations are installed in all urban areas and the gas is also sold at small stores for
household use. Sale of petroleum products within residential areas is also common in cities. These
practices pose major fire risk in urban areas. According to statistics provided by the Civil Defence in
Punjab, during the period of June 2006 to May 2007, there were a total of 2142 fire incidents in various
urban centres in the province. Of the same incidents, 281 people were trapped in fire, 133 were rescued
in various ways, 66 died and 177 injured.
Crisis Situations
Crisis situations are brought about by unpredictable incidents that degenerate to uncontrollable
proportions causing chaos and mayhem. Such situation may be brought about by incidents such as:
?
Sectarian violence
10
?
Bomb blast / Bomb scare
?
Riots and demonstrations / civil unrest
?
Terrorist attack
During the year 2006-07, the Bomb Disposal Squads of the Civil Defence have attended to 116 bomb
threat calls and have recovered 82 bombs, anti-tank mines, shells, improvised explosive devices (I.E.Ds)
and hand grenades in the province. The number of blasts during the same period (2006-07) was 46. The
Bomb Disposal Squad has also carried out 9791 technical sweepings during the same period.
The table below represents a consolidated depiction of scores given to each district in Punjab. Higher
score means the district is more disaster prone whereas the lower score indicates that the district is
relatively less prone to disasters.
Source: Adopted from Disaster profiling of the Districts of Pakistan, Oxfam working document
11
2.2
Pressures Leading to Vulnerability
Vulnerability in the context of disasters can be defined as the prevailing or consequential characteristics
of an element at risk, which reduce their ability to mitigate, prepare for, respond to or recover from the
negative impact of a hazardous event. The major causes of vulnerability to hazards in the Punjab can be
described as following:
?
Risk prone sources of livelihood
Agriculture or livestock based sources of income in flood and drought prone areas can be
considered as risk prone sources of livelihoods. Disaster impact assessment studies indicate that
those communities which live in flood plains due to their farming-based livelihoods suffer more
from the flood events.
?
Geographical peculiarities
The drought prone areas of southern Punjab and the riverine areas along the river basins prone
to flooding have their peculiar vulnerabilities that are caused by the geophysical location, poor
communication infrastructure, and harsh climatic conditions. Development of infrastructure
for health, education, safe drinking water, and sanitation is usually overlooked due to high
construction costs, physical costs and nature of terrain. This increases the vulnerability of the
inhabitants to different hazards.
.
?
Poverty in hazard prone areas
Poverty is one of the main underlying causes of vulnerability exposing people and communities
to disasters in a combination with any hazards. Poverty reduces the coping capacities of the
communities to mitigate, respond and resist the impact of a hazard. Absence of safety nets and
limited access to assets reduces the people's resilience to disasters. The majority of the poor live
in hazard prone areas and as a result they are exposed to disasters in one way or the other.
?
Lack of awareness and education
Historically, the absence of effective institutional mechanisms for disaster risk management
contributed to the lack of awareness on part of communities about the disaster risks they face
and the actions they can take to reduce those risks and respond to disasters when they occur.
?
Fate and cultural beliefs
Mostly, people have strong beliefs in fate. Lives and deaths are considered things out of human
control. Thus the need for action to minimise the chances of risks to life from disasters is not
considered important. This fatalistic approach combined with lack of information about causes
of disasters and actions people can take has contributed significantly in increasing vulnerability.
12
Priority Strategies for Disaster Risk Management
Chapter 3

3.1.
Strategies for Disaster Risk Management
The government of Punjab and concerned departments and organizations in the province will take into
consideration the strategies identified in the following priority areas for action and implement them
according to available resources and timeframe in an effort to build resilience of the province and
communities to disasters.
13
3.2.
Strategies for Flood Mitigation

a)
14
Structural
1. Repair of embankments/spurs/flood protection works.
2. Construction of irrigation structures to prevent breeches and erosions.
3. Stockpiling of equipment/machinery.
4. Promoting flood-resilient farming and livestock management.
5. Establishment of a well placed early warning system down to community level.
6. Establishment of relief and evacuation centres in high risk communities, cities,
districts.
7. Trained manpower.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
b)
3.3.
3.4.
Development of Contingency Plan for flood response.

Control rooms/sector offices.
Storage of food and drinking water.
Availability of medical facilities for human beings and livestock.
Maintenance of boats for evacuation.
Non - Structural
1. Training.
2. Awareness raising of general public.
3. Educating people living in low lying areas about the prevalent hazard.
4. Policy formulation for co-coordinated efforts at all level.
5. Maintaining the data base of affected areas and formulation of future plans.
Strategies for Drought Mitigation

a)
Structural
1. Construction of seasonal canals/streams.
2. Tube wells/wells in sweet water zones.
3. Tobas / tanks in brackish zones.
4. Introducing local/exodus species of plants.
5. Fodder cultivation promotion institute.
6. Building Godown/ reservoirs in nearby settlements for supplies.
b)
Non - Structural
1. Motivating/influencing political will.
2. Working on proactive policy for sustainable livelihood.
3. Provision of grants/loans for recovery.
4. Sensitizing people to go for sustainable livelihood options.
5. Protection of flora and fauna.
6. Marketing of commodities of/in drought affected areas in order to diversify
livelihoods.
Action Plan 2009 -2011
In the preceding section, the priority areas and wide-ranging structural and non-structural activities
have been identified for implementation on a long-term basis. The provincial departments and other
stakeholders are expected to execute effectively the proposed activities over a period of 5 to 7 years
by putting together their efforts in terms of financial resources and technical expertise.
However, it is imperative to provide a solid foundation by developing a medium-term Action Plan for
the next three years. For this particular purpose, the PDMA, in consultation with various provincial
departments and organizations, will initiate the Action Plan and implement the activities listed below,
which are of a foundational nature. The Action Plan is an attempt to move forward for achieving the
objective of disaster risk management in Punjab.
So far as the implementation mechanism of the Action Plan is concerned, the PDMA will take lead in
developing work plan and suggesting cost estimates through consultative process. Apart from available
resources of concerned departments / organizations for the implementation of respective activities, the
15
PDMA will mobilize funding from other sources such as UNDP, NDMA, and the office of the Chief
Minister, etc. and manage the financial requirements.
The Action Plan essentially consist of the following activities:
Proposed Budget in PKR (year wise)
Setup functional DDMAs'

for Jhang, Muzzafargarh, Rajanpur,
Rahim Yaar Khan, Bhawalpur,
Multan, D.G Khan, Sialkot,
Rawalpindi, Lahore, Sheikhpura
Districts
16
Total Proposed Budget
17
Disaster Risks Management Institutions
Chapter 4
Disaster Risk Management Institutions

A system of Provincial/Regional Disaster Management Commissions, and Authorities is proposed in
the National Disaster Management Ordinance 2006 to facilitate implementation of disaster risk
management activities in the country. The Provincial/Regional Commissions would be the policy
making bodies, while the Disaster Management Authorities would be the implementing and
coordinating arms. Disaster Risk Management is a provincial subject, the provincial/regional
governments will have crucial role in the implementation of disaster risk management policies,
strategies and programmes.
The details of the provincial DRM Institutions are as follows:
4.1
Provincial Disaster Management Commission (PDMC)

As provided in the National Disaster Risk Management Framework, the Provincial Disaster
Management Commission (PDMC) will be chaired by the Chief Minister. Leader of opposition
and a member to be nominated by him are also members of the PDMC. Other members will be
appointed by the Chief Minister. They may include stakeholders from provincial departments
e.g. Civil Defence, Red Crescent Society, Health, Home, Irrigation, Police, Fire Services, Rescue1122, university faculty, research institutions, civil society organizations, representatives from
commerce, industry and insurance sectors, and other technical experts in the province. The
PDMC Chairman will facilitate links between national objectives and provincial priorities. The
Director General, Provincial Disaster Management Authority (PDMA) will serve as the
Member/Secretary of the PDMC. The Provincial Disaster Management Commission shall:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
4.2
Lay down the provincial disaster risk management policy.

Develop provincial disaster risk management plan in accordance with guidelines laid
down by the National Commission.
Ensure that disaster risk management plans are formulated by all departments, and
district/municipal authorities.
Review the sectoral development plans of provincial departments and ensure that risk
reduction measures are integrated therein.
Approve disaster risk management plans prepared by provincial departments.
Review implementation of the plans.
Oversee the provision of funds for risk reduction and preparedness measures.

The PDMA will be headed by a Chairman who is also the Secretary of Relief and Crises
Management Department of the Government of Punjab. There will be a Director General to be
appointed by the Provincial Government. The Authority will serve as secretariat of the
Provincial Commission. It will work upon development, implementation and monitoring and
evaluation of disaster risk management activities in vulnerable areas and sectors in the province.
19
The provincial authority will have responsibility for the following:

o
Coordinate complete spectrum of disaster risk management in the province.
o
Formulate provincial disaster risk management plan.
o
Continuously monitor hazards, risks and vulnerable conditions within the province.
o
Develop guidelines and standards for provincial and local stakeholders regarding their
role in disaster risk management.
o
Ensure preparation of disaster risk management plans by all districts.
o
Coordinate implementation of provincial disaster risk management plan in accordance
with the National Framework.
o
Promote education, awareness and training on disaster risk reduction and response.
o
Provide necessary technical assistance and advice to local authorities for carrying out
their functions effectively.
o
Coordinate emergency response in the event of a disaster, through the Provincial
Emergency Operations Centre (PEOC).
o
Develop specific capabilities to manage threats that exist in the province.
o
Perform such other functions as may be assigned by the Provincial Commission.
4.3
District Disaster Management Authorities (DDMA)

District Disaster Management Authorities shall be established by the provincial government in
hazard prone areas on a priority basis. The District Authority will comprise of the Nazim,
District Coordination Officer (DCO), Police Officer ex-officio and EDO Health etc. The local
government can nominate other officers as members of the DDMA. They may include EDOs
for revenue, education and agriculture, Red Crescent, NGOs, media, private sector, fire services,
or any other local stakeholders. The DDMA will:
o
Formulate district disaster risk management plan, based upon local risk assessment, and
coordinate its implementation.
o
Review development plans of government departments and provide guidance on
mainstreaming disaster risk management measures in these plans.
o
Continuously monitor hazards, risks and vulnerable conditions within the district,
municipality, or cantonment.
o
Prepare guidelines and standards for local stakeholders on disaster risk management.
o
Conduct education, training and public awareness programmes for local officials,
stakeholders and communities.
o
Encourage involvement of community groups in disaster risk reduction and response
by providing them necessary financial and technical assistance for implementing
community level initiatives.
o
Examine construction in the area and if hazard safety standards have not been followed,
direct the relevant entities to secure compliance of such standards.
o
Invest in specific capabilities according the requirement to manage all types of threat
peculiar to local area.
o
Undertake appropriate preparedness measures at district level; e.g. maintain an early
warning system, identify buildings and sites to be used as relief camps after evacuation,
stockpile relief and rescue materials and identify alternative means for emergency
communications.
o
In the event of a disaster, organize emergency response through the District Emergency
Operations Centre (DEOC).
20
Disaster Risks Management Institutions
o
o
4.4
Keep linkages with the Provincial Disaster Management Authority and the Relief &
Crises Management Department.
Perform such other functions as the Provincial Authority may assign to it.
Tehsil and Town Authorities

Institutions at this level are the frontline of disaster risk management. For many departments
this is the lowest level of administration where they interface directly with communities;
agriculture, education, health, police, revenue and others. Extension workers of above
departments could play a significant role in promoting risk reduction. For example agriculture
extension workers could promote awareness of drought, flood resistant crops. Health workers
could raise people's awareness about potential diseases that may occur after a flood or drought
and how to prepare for them. Education officials could work on school disaster preparedness.
Similarly Tehsil Authorities have an important role in organizing emergency response and relief;
e.g. damage and loss assessment, recovery needs assessment. Tehsil and town Nazims will lead
in risk reduction and response operations with the help of Tehsil or Town Municipal Officer in
consultation with the DDMA. Other key players include; extension workers, police, fire
services, community organizations (COs), traditional leaders and NGOs. Appropriate local
structures would be established for risk reduction and preparedness.
4.5
Union Councils
Union Councils are the lowest tier in the governance structure. Elected representatives from
village and ward levels form these bodies. These bodies have an important role in allocation of
resources for local development works. Union Councils can play an important role in advocating
demands of communities to the District Councils and DM Authorities. Community demands
may include requests for allocation of resources from local budgets for hazard mitigation and
vulnerability reduction activities; e.g. spurs for flood control, rainwater harvesting structures for
drought mitigation, vocational training for livelihoods to reduce vulnerability etc. Therefore, it
will be important to develop orientation and knowledge of local political leadership at this level.
More capable Union Councils may develop local policies and guidelines for vulnerability
reduction.
4.6
Community Based Organizations

In order to promote community level disaster risk management activities, the capacity of
existing community organizations will be developed and enhanced by district and tehsil
authorities. In the absence of community organizations, new groups would be established to
work on disaster risk management. CBOs will be trained about local early warning system,
evacuation, first aid, search and rescue, fire fighting etc. Linkages would be developed between
CBOs and relevant local agencies; e.g. agriculture, banks, health and veterinary services to
promote disaster preparedness. Skills and knowledge of CBO leadership will also be developed
in financial management, people management, resource mobilization, interpersonal
communication and presentation and negotiation skills. The provision of Citizen Community
Boards (CCBs) in Local Government Ordinance (LGO 2001) provides a good opportunity to
organize communities and mobilize resources for issues like local level disaster risk
management.
21
4.7
22
Provincial Disaster Risk Management Structure
Chapter 5

Generally, stakeholders of DRM will perform the following roles and responsibilities in relation to
disaster risk management:
o Training, education and awareness programs on DRM for their staff to understand the
overall context and develop strategies accordingly;
o Establishment of Emergency Operations Centre in their own departments for coordination of
response in case of emergency;
o Availability of standby skilled trained and qualified staffs that have the capacity to deal with any
type of disaster;
o Removal of debris, obstacles/road blocks to ensure smooth flow of traffic;
o Restoration of normalcy after disaster or major livelihood disruption in the province.
All stakeholders are expected to perform following specific functions with regards to DRM.
5.1.
Following are the roles and responsibilities of key staff of the PDMA. However, the Chairman PDMA
shall have the powers to develop / amend Terms of Reference (ToRs) of PDMA staff as required
keeping in view the available human resources and the nature of activities for smooth functioning of the
Authority.
Director General: The Director General Provincial Disaster Management Authority shall:
1.
Provide leadership, initiative and vision to PDMA.
2.
Represent, coordinate and extend secretarial support to PDMC.
3.
Oversight of human and financial management issues.
4.
Develop and manage organizational development and programme strategic plans for
effective disaster management.
5.
Provide guidance and support for disaster response plans through different stages like
assessments, response planning, coordination and management, including management
of Emergency Operation Centre and media management.
Director Operations: The Director Operations shall:
1.
Develop operational, logistic and financial policies, guidelines and procedures.
2.
Financial, administrative and logistic oversight and compliance.
3.
Human resource, performance and staff development management in matrix structure.
4.
Training of management and staff in application of policies, guidelines and procedure.
Director Programme & NGOS: The Director Programme and NGOs shall be responsible for:
1.
Develop strategic plans (mainly programming activities) through inclusive and
participatory process.
2.
Assist and support the DG in resource mobilization by developing projects and
presenting them to PDMC, donors and public authorities.
23
3.
4.
5.
Managerial oversight of organizational strategic plans.

Oversight of coordination and networking with technical and non-government
agencies.
Stand in for the DG in case of absence for assessment, coordination and planning of
response plans, media representation, networking with INGOs, NGOs, and Donors.
Director Administration: The Director Administration shall:

1.
Develop linkages with technical agencies, donors and NGOs to plan research activities
like risk assessment, zonation maps, geo tech maps etc.
2.
Publish research reports and maps and organize wider dissemination to stakeholders.
3.
Develop training curricula for different stages of disaster risk management and train
PDMA and external agencies staff.
4.
Work closely with line agencies and civil society organizations to draw up contingency
plans and community based disaster risk management plans.
5.
Develop policies, procedures and guidelines for administrative work.
6.
Train PDMA staff in compliance management of administrative policies and
procedures.
7.
Procure relief stocks and arrange logistics like trucking, warehousing etc for relief
stocks.
8.
Manage day to day office administration functions.
9.
Coordinate with other technical departments for administrative functions.
Assistant Director Research & Publications: The AD R&P shall:
1.
Develop proposals and engage technical agencies and other stakeholders in design and
conduct of research activities like risk assessment, maping etc.
2.
Work closely with technical agencies experts and external consultants (if required)
during research phase.
3.
Arrange publication of research outputs and organize wider dissemination of research
publications.
4.
Organize multi-stakeholder events for heightened disaster risk management awareness
at varying levels.
5.
Arrange posting of research reports, maps through IT tools application like websites,
electronic newsletters etc.
6.
Produce regular institutional publications like newsletters, brochures etc for mass
distribution and regular updating for wider public.
Assistant Director Training and Coordination: The AD T&C shall:
1.
Develop training materials on disaster risk management with involvement of
stakeholders.
2.
Organize training need assessments of PDMA and other stakeholders and design
tailored courses for range of stakeholders i.e. government officials, teachers,
communities, design and construction engineers etc.
3.
Develop annual calendar and conduct training (basic and TOT) to develop cadre of
trainers.
4.
Provide leadership to the Disaster Management Training Institutes.
5.
Lobby and work with other stakeholders for inclusion of DRM in training curricula of
schools, colleges, universities, professional training institutes.
24
6.
Develop monitoring system to measure impact of training in changing knowledge,

attitudes and practices of all stakeholders.
Assistant Director: The AD shall:

1.
Plan and manage relief as part of Emergency Response Preparedness and during actual
relief dispensation.
2.
Coordinate with line agencies, donors and humanitarian NGOs about relief supplies
situation and develop databases for information consolidation and easier access.
3.
Organize alert notifications, emergency assessments, and early relief coordination after
a disaster has struck.
4.
Develop list of emergency relief supplies and undertake assessments for positioning of
stocks.
5.
Provide inputs for stock procurement, management and warehousing.
6.
Oversight of Emergency Operations Centre in peace time (during crisis the reporting
lines for EOC would change to DG PDMA).
5.1a Proposed Organizational Structure of PDMA
5.2.
Agriculture Department
The main functions of the department in relation to disaster risk management are:
Mitigation
o
Allocate funds in annual budget for disaster risk management activities to reduce risks to
department's assets and infrastructure located in hazard prone areas.
o
Assess disaster risks for food and agriculture sectors in hazard-prone areas, particularly
in relation to floods, droughts, and pests.
25
o
o
o
o
Ensure sustainable livelihoods in areas of recurrent climate risks (i.e. arid and semi-arid
zones, flood and drought prone areas) by promoting supplementary income generation
from off-farm (e.g. animal husbandry) and non-farm activities.
Promote effective insurance and credit schemes to compensate for crop damage and
losses to livelihoods due to natural hazards.
Levelling of Agricultural Land and Construction of Dykes / Sailaba Bundat, to harness
the runoff of rainfall, thus conserving moisture for utilization in Sailaba (flood)
cultivation, and preparation of new land on stream bed, which is formed after silting up;
Promote adoption of flood and drought resilient crops through research and
dissemination to farmers with the help of agriculture extension workers.
Proper checking and supervision for dumping and disposal of expired pesticides,
insecticides etc, by the concerned importers, dealers and manufacturers.
Preparedness
o
Coordinate with PDMA and jointly identify appropriate actions for reducing
vulnerability of food and agriculture to disaster risks.
o
Coordinate with PDMA, Met Department and research institutions to establish warning
systems for identification of risks to food and agriculture sectors.
o
Develop agriculture sector plan to deal with disasters in relation to department's
mandate and assets.
o
Promote contingency crop planning to deal with year to year climate variations and crop
diversification including use of hazard resistant crops, to deal with shifts in climate
patterns.
o
Develop capacity and raise awareness of staff of departments at provincial levels, local
extension workers and farmers on disaster preparedness for food, agriculture and
livestock sectors.
Response
o
Assist in saving crops and agricultural land in disaster situation.
o
Make available inputs like seed plant, fertilizers and agricultural equipment to victims of
disasters on credit basis.
o
Survey and investigate extent of damages to crops.
o
Restoration of flood damages to agricultural fields.
o
Provision of agricultural machinery to farmers on subsidized rates for harvesting and
threshing of wheat and paddy.
5.3.
Livestock & Dairy Development Department
Livestock & Dairy Development Department caters to the requirements of livestock sector in the
province and strives to ensure growth and development of livestock sector in the province thus
contributing to national food security, economic uplift, rural development, poverty alleviation,
employment generation and foreign exchange earning. The department's functions in relation to
disaster risk management are:
Mitigation
o
Undertake vulnerability and risk analysis for fodder, livestock sectors in hazard-prone
areas, particularly in relation to droughts, floods and locust.
26
o
o
o
o
vulnerability of livestock to flood and drought risks.
Coordinate with PDMA, and research institutions to establish warning systems for
identification of risks to livestock sector.
Develop capacity and raise awareness of staff of the department at provincial levels,
local extension workers and farmers on disaster preparedness for livestock sectors.
Ensure sustainable livelihoods in areas of recurrent climate risks (i.e. arid and semi-arid
zones, and drought prone areas) by promoting supplementary income generation from
off-farm (e.g. animal husbandry) and non-farm activities; provide market outlets for
the products of rural farmers.
Preparedness
o
Develop disaster risk management plan to deal with hazards and disasters with relation
to department's mandate and assets.
o
Establish Emergency Operations Central working round the clock.
o
Provide early warning information to livestock farmers regarding drought and flood;
o
Ensure fodder security to the rural livestock economy.
o
Provide veterinary services to the livestock farmers.
o
Allocate funds in annual budget for implementation of disaster risk management
activities in hazard prone areas with relation to livestock sub-sector.
o
Promote contingency planning to deal with year to year climate variations.
o
Maintain reserve quota of essential vaccine.
o
Earmark mobile Veterinary Teams.
Response
o
Provide emergency animal feeds in times of extreme bad weather such as severe drought
for flood.
o
Consolidate flood damage reports for onward transmission to partners.
o
Supply of vaccine to flood and drought hit areas during actual flood season.
o
Provide emergency animal vaccines during outbreaks of animal diseases.
o
Implement vaccination campaigns on livestock.
o
Establish Livestock flood and drought relief centres.
o
Take stock of damage and losses to department following a disaster.
o
Treatment of sick and injured animals.
5.4.
Irrigation Department
The Punjab irrigation network comprises upon irrigation canals, drains, tube-wells, small dams and
flood protection infrastructure. There are 14 major barrages on the five rivers flowing in the heart of this
valley, with a total off-take canal capacity of 1.2 lac cusecs of irrigation supplies, and another, about 1.1
lac cusecs capacity of inter river links. The department regulates and provides policy guidelines on the
development of the irrigation system in the province. The department's functions in relation to disaster
risk management are:
Mitigation
o
Supervise, direct and control flood prevention measures and bund protection activities,
27
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
such as strengthening, maintenance, repair and construction of additional

embankments and levies.
Inspect breaching sections to check the position and condition of the liners to ensure
that the liners are ready to receive the charges when required.
Review operating instructions for breaching sections and revision of critical levels to
control the breaching sections.
Carry out survey and inspection of flood protection works.
Develop capacities of the Irrigation Department to mitigate floods and droughts.
Assist local authorities and communities in building rain water harvesting tanks and
systems in arid zones.
Operation and upkeep of the irrigation system of the province.
Planning, prioritization and implementation of maintenance works through approved
O&M Work Plans, and under third party top supervision of existing irrigation systems.
Provide for and execute plans for the management of river floods in the province, and to
construct and maintain flood protection programs/works.
Undertake vulnerability and risk analysis for flood prone areas.
Coordinate with PDMA, DDMAs, Flood Forecasting & Warning Division and jointly
identify appropriate actions for reducing vulnerability to flood and other risks that may
disrupt livelihoods in the irrigated areas.
Protection of barrages, main cities/towns, irrigation infrastructure (canals, bunds and
spurs etc) and communication network (roads, railways, bridges) etc.
Preparedness
o
Position the requisite machinery and material at safe locations near the vulnerable points
for emergency use.
o
Prepare for each head works and flood protection structure an inventory of equipment
and material within nearest locations.
o
Operate gauge stations and provide information and data to the authorities concerned
for issuance of Alerts and Danger Warning messages.
o
Supervise and coordinate actions to save stock, property, machinery, equipment etc
from flood damage.
o
Provide funds to army for replenishment of stores required for flood protection-works;
o
Complete repairs of flood protection works in the pre flood season.
o
o
activities in flood and drought prone areas.
o
Review the plan to regulate water supply during flood season.
Response
o
Coordinate survey and investigation of the extent of damage to bunds, embankments,
canals and irrigation tube wells at the appropriate time.
o
Organise and set up the Flood Emergency Cell within the Department.
o
Assist and coordinate emergency repair of public services and their timely restoration.
o
De-silt irrigation canals after the floods.
28
o
o
5.5.
Provide assistance and evacuate trapped people during floods.

Assist the revenue authorities to carryout survey of crops damaged due to flood in canal
courses and areas.
Environment Protection Department
The Environment Protection Department of Government of Punjab plays an important role in

improving the plight of common man and bringing about a perceptible change within the society by
minimizing and eliminating adverse environmental effects of effluents being discharged from industrial
activity, wastes of all kinds and pollution detrimental to public health, safety and welfare. The
Department enforces qualitative and quantitative standards for discharge of effluents, waste, air
pollutants or noise either for the general applicability or for a particular area or from a particular source
in the form of National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) and other standards established
under the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997 and any rules and regulations framed there
under. The department functions under the provisions of Pakistan Environmental Protection Act,
1997. Its main functions and duties in relation to disaster risk management are:
Mitigation
o
Undertake risk analysis for environmental hazards.
o
Develop disaster risk management plan to deal with hazards and disasters in relation to
department's mandate and assets.
o
activities in hazard prone areas and protection of the environment.
o
vulnerability to environmental hazards.
o
Administer laws, rules and regulations relating to the environment within the province.
o
Evaluate Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) and Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) of new projects and issue No Objection Certificates (NOCs).
o
Provide information and create awareness in public for environmental issues.
o
Enforce National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) to control pollution.
o
Establish systems for surveys, surveillance and monitoring of the pollutants and
maintain laboratory for testing and monitoring.
o
Take measures to promote sustainable development and provide information on
environment friendly technology.
o
Incorporate Natural Disaster Risk Assessment in the Environmental Impact
Assessment guidelines.
o
Develop technical capacities of the staff of department to undertake disaster risk
assessment and disaster risk reduction activities in the environment sector.
o
Undertake vulnerability assessment of natural resources (forest, lakes, streams,
protected areas) to natural and human induced hazards.
o
Implement programmes for conservation and rehabilitation of natural resources in
order to reduce risks of natural hazards; e.g. reforestation, combating desertification,
conservation of special natural resources; e.g. wetlands, lakes.
o
Allocate resources for implementation of programmes to conserve and rehabilitate the
natural resource base, particularly in up-stream areas of rivers.
29
Preparedness
o
Create an Emergency Response Cell in the department to respond to environment
related emergencies.
o
Provide Ambient Air Quality Testing & Monitoring facilities.
Response
o
Develop mechanisms for assessment of environmental losses and damages in the
aftermath of disasters and their rehabilitation.
5.6.
Health Department
The Health department, an executive unit of the provincial government, is responsible to provide health
services and deals with all matters related to regulating the health sector in the light of federal and
provincial health policies and guidelines. The department provides technical assistance, policy cover,
and implementation of some preventive programs only. The main functions in relation to disaster risk
management are:
Mitigation and Preparedness
o
Develop disaster risk management plan to deal with communicable diseases, injuries
following mass causality accidents and disasters with relation to department's mandate
and assets.
o
activities.
o
vulnerability to health risks.
o
Undertake vulnerability and risk analysis for health facilities and services.
o
Conduct hazard based mapping of all health care facilities, including vulnerability
assessment (infrastructure and organizational setup) and integrate hazard resilience
measures.
o
Develop a disease surveillance system to identify hotspots for communicable disease in
the province.
o
Enhance disaster management capacities of health work force (all cadres at all levels) in
collaboration with other departments.
o
Prepare protocols and guidelines to address all priority public health issues as part of
preparedness, response and recovery plans.
o
Integrate disaster preparedness and response capacities into all existing and future
health programs at provincial and district level.
o
Build effective linkages and coordination with all health stakeholders.
o
Act as focal point for managing all aspect of healthcare preparedness, response and
recovery in a disaster situation in close coordination with the PDMA.
o
Prepare disaster risk management plan for each level of health care facilities, including
management of mass casualties, epidemics and submit this plan to the PDMA for better
coordination of efforts.
o
Provide technical support in all health related areas to PDMA.
o
Devise strategies for community involvement in all aspects of emergency preparedness,
response and recovery with regards to health sector.
30
Response
o
Establish emergency health operation to ensure better coordination and mobilization in
disaster situation at all levels.
o
Set-up medical camps and mobilize emergency health teams including mobile hospitals,
to be deployed in the event of a disaster.
o
Mobilize all available health resources and possible assets for emergency interventions.
5.7.
Housing, Urban Development & Public Health Engineering Department
The mission of the department is to facilitate the development of safe and affordable urban housing and
provision of clean and safe water to deprived populations in order to eliminate sufferings of women
fetching drinking water from far flung areas and to eradicate water borne diseases. The main functions in
relation to disaster risk management are:
o
o
activities in relation to access of safe drinking water.
o
Undertake vulnerability and risk assessment of department's assets, infrastructure and
services.
o
Coordinate with PDMA / DDMAs and jointly identify appropriate actions for reducing
vulnerability of infrastructure and services.
o
Improvement of sewerage system and sanitary conditions to control flood risk.
o
Maintain and update records of all water supply schemes using Management
Information System (MIS).
o
Make available piped water, in adequate quantity, for drinking and house-hold purposes.
o
Prepare technical design for mitigation of risks to the newly identified schemes.
o
Protection of water sources from contamination by continuous water treatment and
stream pollution control.
Response
o
Provide clean drinking water during emergencies and disaster situations.
o
Ensure proper sanitation services to minimize water contamination after disaster.
5.8.
Planning and Development Department
The Planning and Development Department is the principal planning organization at the Provincial
level. It coordinates and monitors the programmes prepared by the Provincial departments concerned
with provincial development. The department also prepares an overall provincial Five Years Plan and
the Annual Development Programme. It acts as a catalyst between different departments in order to
improve the pace and quality of economic development in the Province. Its functions in relation to
Mitigation
o
Ensure that all projects Include disaster risk assessment (DRA) in the PC-1 format.
o
Ensure that all departments allocate funds in annual budget for implementation of
disaster risk management activities in development programming.
31
Ensure that all departments undertake vulnerability and risk analysis for their
development programmes.
Response
o
Coordinate the provincial governments view on economic issues particularly after
disaster. Also deals with all issues relating to all drought hit areas in the Province.
5.9.
Local Government and Community Development Department
Local Government is public business, managed by the elected representatives of the people. Local
Government as such is the legal institution created by statute, whose decisions have the force of law
within a specific geographic area and these are a part of the integrated system and share responsibility
with other level of government for provision of varied public services. Main functions in relation to
o
Include disaster risk assessment (DRA) in the PC-1 format.
o
Ensure that DRA is conducted by departments as part of their project planning and
design phase.
o
Evaluate development projects in disaster prone areas to ensure that risk reduction
measures are incorporated in the implementation stage.
o
o
activities in rural areas.
o
Undertake vulnerability and risk analysis for rural populations.
o
vulnerability and building community resilience.
o
Undertake vulnerability analysis of the local government property and infrastructure
located in hazard prone areas.
o
Integrate vulnerability reduction strategies in the development infrastructure and
property.
o
Organize orientation of department staff in hazard prone areas on disaster risk
assessment and vulnerability reduction.
Response
o
Equip and develop the capacities of emergency response departments within the
department for effective emergency response.
5.10. Finance Department

The Finance Department is responsible for supervision and control of provincial finances, preparation
of provincial budget, formulation of Financial Rules and Civil Services Rules relating to pay, perquisite
and pension of Civil Servants, management of public debt and administration of Local Fund Audit
Department and the Treasuries. In relation to disaster risk management, the department's major
functions are:
o
Provide financial resources to PDMA in order to promote disaster risk management
programmes in the province.
32
Allocate financial resources to PDMA and other line ministries and departments for
implementation of disaster risk management activities as part of their development
plans.
Allocate funds for the establishment of a Provincial Disaster Management Fund, which
could be utilized for mitigation and to organize emergency relief and to monetize the
affected areas.
Monitor and evaluate utilization of funds by relevant authorities and departments on
disaster risk management.
5.11. Communication and Works Department

The mission of the department is to contribute in socio-economic uplift of the province by developing
road infrastructure and constructing buildings to support development activities. The main functions in
relation to disaster risk management include:
o
Develop provincial guodelines for safer construction of government houses, buildings
and infrastructure in hazard-prone areas for multiple hazards; e.g. floods, landslides etc.
o
Develop sample designs of government houses, high-rise buildings and infrastructure
(bridges, roads) for safer construction in hazard-prone areas.
o
Conduct training of builders, contractors and masons on safer construction methods.
o
Monitor construction of government buildings and infrastructure in hazard prone areas
to ensure that safer construction techniques are followed.
o
Incorporate disaster risk assessment in the planning process for construction of new
roads and bridges.
o
Construct, maintain and repair provincial, district and rural roads, bridges, tunnels and
causeway etc.
o
Coordinate with the federal government / National Highway Authority regarding
construction and maintenance of national highways/bridges.
o
Incorporate flood mitigation measures in the construction of new roads, bridges etc.
o
Prepare a disaster risk management plan with relation to departments programs and
mandate.
o
Develop guidelines on conduct of damage and loss assessment to infrastructure and
government buildings in the wake of a disaster, and conduct assessments after disasters.
Response
o
Organize emergency repairs for restoration of public transport routes after major
disaster.
o
Create access route for emergency response during and after major disaster.
5.12. Information Technology Department

The department facilitates policy development related to manpower and technology development in
information technology. In relation to disaster risk management, the department will help in developing
a disaster risk management software for use by the department and by the PDMA. Other functions in
relation to disaster risk management may include:
33
Mitigation
o
Develop disaster risk management plan to mitigate against hazards and disasters that
may affect the IT infrastructure in the province, with relation to department's mandate
and assets.
o
activities.
o
Undertake vulnerability and risk analysis of IT infrastructure and services.
o
vulnerability of IT infrastructure and services to disaster risks.
Preparedness
o
Develop alternative technologies to facilitate telecommunication during disaster in
affected areas, in case of the collapse of mainstream communication systems.
o
Coordinate with PDMA to ensure the provision of alternative communication
technology and services to disaster survivors and response agencies.
o
Ensure safety of telecommunication infrastructure in hazard-prone areas.
o
Develop trained manpower working in subordinate organizations who could be called in
emergency for restoration purposes.
o
Maintain through the National Telecommunication Corporation (NTC) a pool of
telecom equipment preferably satellite/wireless based for provision and establishment
of emergency telecom network.
o
Work with PDMA to have a robust communication infrastructure for efficient use in
times of disaster.
Response
o
Focal department for telecom resource management during disaster relief operations.
5.13. Industries Department

The mission of the Industries Department is to promote and facilitate Industry. Other functions related
to disaster risk management include:
o
To ensure that all industrial zones / areas must have in-built safety / fire control units in
the overall frame-work of the construction plan to cater for not just fire but also
chemical leakages. Proper waste management system should also be included in
industrial zones for both solid and liquid wastes.
o
Establish systems to monitor implementation of DRR guidelines by industrial sector.
o
Develop system of incentives and disincentives for industry to promote application of
disaster safety.
o
Implement awareness raising programmes for industrial sector including Chambers of
Commerce and Industry (CCI) on integrating disaster risk management in project
planning and implementation stages.
o
Monitor and encourage implementation of safety codes in industry.
o
Develop disaster risk management plan with regards to the mandate of the Department
o
Develop guidelines for industrial sector to ensure safety of industry and its production
processes in hazard-prone areas.
34
o
o
o
o
o
Prepare inventories of industries based upon the type of chemicals and raw materials
used in their products and the dangers posed by various types of industries.
Initiate demonstration programmes on industrial disaster preparedness.
Develop physical capability to manage all types of likely industrial disasters including
chemical disasters after appropriately rewording.
Develop safety codes for all industries to reduce risks of industrial and chemical hazards
and to ensure vulnerability reduction from natural hazards.
Develop SOPs for emergency response to industrial disasters.
5.14. Forest, Wildlife and Fisheries Department

The department takes care of the protection of forests, wildlife and the aquatic resources. Some of the
functions in relation to disaster risk management are:
o
Develop disaster risk management plan with regards to the mandate of the department.
o
Technical advice for rangeland planting and raising of tree nurseries for forestation and
reforestation programmes.
o
Coordinate with the PDMA and other scientific agencies to gather information about
hazards and risks prevalent in rangelands that may lead to desertification.
o
Build capacity of the staff of department on disaster risk management in wildlife
sector.
o
Supply of drought resistant seeds of tree species to farmers and communities.
o
Control grazing of animal in rangeland areas that have endangered tree species.
o
Develop recreational facilities in a disaster resilient manner in the rangeland areas.
o
Ensure a pollution free liveable environment in the areas of mandate.
o
Publish materials for communities and other stakeholders about seasonality of hazards
and risks in areas of grazing for pasture and water.
Response
o
Coordinate emergency response activities through the PDMA and make available all
kinds of resources to PDMA if required upon the receipt of any disaster situation
report.
o
Constitute a Rescue Unit / Disaster Management Unit to cope with any disaster
challenge like fire, floods, etc. The details of proposed Disaster Management Unit are as
under.
a).
The functional units of Punjab Wildlife & Parks Department may be divided
into three regions i.e. Northern Zone, Central Zone, and Southern Zone. The
overall in-charge of the Disaster Management Unit / Rescue Unit will be
Director, Wildlife and at the zonal level it will be headed by Deputy Director
Wildlife.
b).
Equipment required for floods, storms, fire and earthquake are motor boats,
water lift pumps, special vehicles to shift birds and animals, fire fighting
equipment, etc.
c).
Training of staff in fire fighting, handling of animals, civil defence, first aid, etc.
35
5.15. Mines and Minerals Department

The mission of the Mines & Minerals Department is to promote and facilitate Mines & Minerals
Development. In the light of the following mentioned Laws and Regulation Acts, (Mines Act 1923, Coal
Mines Regulation 1926, Metaliferous Mines Regulations 1926, Consolidated Mines Rules 1952,
Electricity Rules 1937); the Inspectorate of Mines performs the following functions:
o
o
Allocate funds in annual budget for enforcement of safety regulations in mines and
industries.
o
vulnerability to accidents in mines and industries.
o
Perform periodical inspection of every mine by making at least 10 inspections in each
month to verify the safety provision of Mines Act, 1923, Rules and Regulations made
there under.
o
Make inquiries in case of fatal accidents and to take punitive action against the defaulters
as provided under the law.
o
Attend mine emergencies in case of accident by providing rescue facilities to the mine
operators/owners in all mines.
o
Conduct mine safety training to the supervisory staff of mines by arranging refresher
courses at the established rescue stations free of cost.
5.16. Education Department

The following are the main functions of the department in relation to disaster risk management:
Mitigation
o
Develop curriculum for schools and colleges and universities on disaster risk
management, particularly in hazard-prone areas.
o
Implement school and college level activities to enhance awareness of students and to
promote overall preparedness in educational institutions through conducting drills etc.
o
Identify and inventory vulnerable educational institutions and infrastructure of the
department in hazard-prone areas.
o
Implement actions to reduce vulnerability of built infrastructure in education sector in
hazard-prone areas, e.g. retrofitting, renovation, rebuilding etc.
o
Construct all new schools, colleges, universities and other educational buildings located
in hazard-prone areas to higher standards of hazard resilience.
Preparedness
o
Develop a disaster risk management plan for the Department covering aspects of risk
reduction, preparedness and response.
o
Develop capacities in schools of hazard prone areas to cater for additional water,
sanitation and other administrative chores to affected populations in the event of
disaster.
o
Encourage local educational authorities and teachers to prepare school disaster
preparedness plans and their implementation.
o
Allocate funds for safer construction and disaster preparedness activities at school and
college levels in hazard-prone areas.
36
Conduct orientation programmes to raise awareness of education authorities,

professors and teachers about disaster risks in hazard-prone areas.
Response
o
Provide provisional assistance on education in times of disaster to ensure continuity of
learning.
5.17. Special Education Department

The Special Education Department aims at providing a better social milieu by helping the neglected
handicapped and socially disadvantaged people. The department's functions in relation to disaster risk
management are as following:
o
Conduct research to identify most vulnerable social groups in hazard- prone areas in
the province.
o
Prepare department's plan to address disaster vulnerabilities of most vulnerable social
groups; e.g. minorities, women, disabled, children before, during and after disasters.
o
Coordinate with PDMA and the Ministry of Law, Justice and Human Rights to ensure
that needs of most vulnerable social groups are addressed during disasters.
o
Rehabilitation of poor and destitute disaster survivors through Training and
Rehabilitation Centres.
o
Implement awareness-raising, and preparedness programmes with most vulnerable
social groups.
Response
o
Make institutional (establishment of a committee, establishment of outreach offices
during disasters) arrangements for provision of disaster relief and recovery assistance to
most vulnerable social groups.
o
Manage post-hospitalization care, recovery and rehabilitation of poor and vulnerable
casualties after disaster.
o
Manage upkeep and rehabilitation of all vulnerable groups in post disaster scenario.
5.18. Home Department

Home Department is one of the important Departments of the Government of Punjab, which is
responsible for maintenance of law & order and protection of life and property of the citizens. The
department has five wings namely General, Police, Prison, Internal Security, Public Safety Commission
Wing & Judicial Wings. The attached departments functioning under the administrative control of
Home department are Punjab Police, Inspectorate of Prisons, Directorate of Civil Defence, and
Directorate of Reclamation & Probation and Child Protection & Welfare Bureau. All the departments
are key in terms of public safety and security in daily life and in times of emergencies and disaster
situation.
Following are the overall Roles and Responsibilities of the Home Department:
o
To effectively monitor law and order and any crisis situation in the province and ensure
efficient, coordinated and timely response at appropriate levels.
37
o
o
To create a culture of prevention and preparedness to address everyday hazards and to

meet the consequences of crises by effectively managing the impact of any emergent
situation.
To ensure establishment and maintenance of crises management command structure at
all levels including District and Tehsil levels.
To keep close liaison with the National Crisis Management Cell, Islamabad and PDMA.
18.a. Police Department

o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Ensure law and order during any disaster situation in the affected areas.
Ensure security measures at evacuation points, in evacuated areas, at relief centres and
godowns.
Provide assistance in emergency warning, rescue, relief and evacuation operation.
Protect life, property and liberty of citizens.
Preserve and promote public peace.
Prevent pubic nuisance.
Keep order and prevent obstruction on public roads and in the public streets and
thoroughfares and all other places of public resort such as places of public worship;
Aid and cooperate with other agencies for the prevention of destruction of public
property by violence, fire or natural calamities.
Prevent harassment of women and children during any emergency.
Provide assistance to victims of road accidents.
18.b. Traffic Police

o
o
o
o
o
Provide necessary help in evacuation of causalities from the affected area and arrange
traffic cover.
Protect resources and equipment required and being used at the scene of incidence /
rescue.
Ensure easy access for emergency rescue vehicles to disaster sites.
Arrange sufficient space for the deployment of emergency vehicles by manning traffic
signals.
Provide reflective lights / reflectors around the scene of incident at night, to facilitate
the working of rescue workers, fire-fighters and to indicate the troubled area.
18.c. Police Telecommunication Department

o
o
o
o
To ensure smooth and speedy flow of information by collecting, analyzing, processing

and disseminating information to all concerned.
Every year before the advent of monsoon season prepare operations plan in
consultation with Secretary Punjab Flood Commission.
Repair and replace damaged / defective equipment to ensure complete preparedness.
To install HF and VHF radio base sets at all the barrages, headworks, bridges, critical
points, nullahs etc.
5.19. Social Welfare, Women Development and Baitul Mal Department

The main mission of the department is to eliminate gender discrimination against women, help women
achieve equal status to that of men in all walks of life. The functions in relation to disaster risk
management include:
38
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Develop disaster risk management plan with regards to the mandate of the department.
Raise awareness of decision makers and staff of the department about special
vulnerabilities and capacities of women with relation to disasters.
Make institutional arrangements for involvement of women in disaster risk
management.
Promote awareness amongst women in hazard-prone areas about disaster risks and
disaster preparedness.
Develop capacities of women's organizations on disaster risk management.
Ensure that needs of women survivors are addressed in post disaster situations during
the relief rehabilitation and reconstruction phases.
Facilitate participation of women in the management of relief, rehabilitation and
reconstruction activities.
Support post-disaster rehabilitation of livelihoods of women survivors, which is mostly
in the informal sector and is ignored many times.
5.20. The Civil Defence Department

The Civil Defence will mainly develop its capacity for disaster preparedness and response in the
province in close coordination with the PDMA and DDMAs. Some of the key functions are:
Preparedness
o
Standardize and specify Civil Defence equipment and fire appliances for Fire Brigades,
industries and other public and private concerns.
o
Render First Aid, fire safety and rescue training to communities, individuals and
organisations in peacetime.
o
Create community awareness on public safety.
o
Recruit/induct operational staff for search and rescue teams with required specialized
skills.
o
Enhance capabilities of the existing search and rescue teams of Pakistan.
o
Ensure provision of trained rescue workers / Razakars and First Aid staff.
o
Educate and train volunteers on first aid and emergency evacuations and protection
procedures against poisonous gases, chemical/biological/radiological explosions or
attack.
o
Participate in emergency drills with other stakeholders.
o
Specify, coordinate and enforce the Fire Protection in industrial and commercial
concerns and in other premises considered critical.
o
Organise Warden Service in classified towns and train its volunteers for civil defence
services.
o
Inspect Municipal Fire Brigade and fire protection measures in industrial/commercial
concerns.
Response
o
Save lives by rapid extrication of persons trapped beneath debris or in buildings
collapsed & damaged by a natural or man made disaster.
o
Render first aid to injured persons and transport them to nearest hospitals.
o
Ensure evacuation from damaged buildings/structures including demolition of
damaged structures to avoid further loss of life and properties.
39
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Provide quick and effective search and rescue coverage, protection and operation in case
of any disaster.
Assist in debris clearance and restoration of essential services to the affected buildings.
Search and defuse unexploded bombs in the affected areas.
Provide handy emergency rescue equipment as may be deemed fit.
Work with the Fire Brigade in rescue and first aid operations related to fire and other
rescue incidents.
Keep sirens and lighting in operation for warning during emergencies.
Liaise with the armed forces for fortress and air defence on matters relating to Civil
Defence.
Provide assistance, render advice and impart training in bomb detection and disposal.
Prevention and stoppage of panic in crowd and spontaneous large scale related
incidents.
5.21. Pakistan Meteorological Department

The department disseminates warning about hazards to relevant users for early response such as
evacuation.
The Meteorological Department and the Flood Forecasting Division has a comprehensive flood
warning system in place. The system includes close observation and monitoring of the dams and rivers,
watching the water levels in the rivers and abnormal amount of rainfall round the clock. The flood
forecasting division has 16 Observatory Stations in Punjab which closely monitor any changes in the
weather, river water levels and rainfall. Flood Forecasting Division has a very elaborate Communication
network in order to broadcast the hazard warning throughout the province and country.
5.22. Punjab Emergency Services (Rescue-1122)

Punjab Emergency Services known as Rescue 1122 is operative in Lahore, Rawalpindi, Faisalabad and
Gujranwala while work for expansion to 12 other major cities such as Multan, Okara, Bahawalpur,
Sargodha and Dera Ghazi Khan, etc is underway under the Planning and Development Department,
Punjab. Emergency Services Act 2006 has already been passed for the establishment of a
comprehensive Emergency Service in Punjab. The Act outlines following functions for the Emergency
Services:
o
To maintain a state of preparedness to deal with emergencies.
o
To provide timely response, rescue and emergency medical treatment to the victims of
an emergency.
o
To establish a system for rapid communication, exchange of information and quick
response to combat or deal with an emergency.
o
To arrange for a universal toll free emergency dial-in number as may be allocated by the
Pakistan Telecommunication Authority to be used throughout Punjab.
o
To play a lead role and coordinate the working of other organizations or agencies which
have lawful authority to respond to an emergency.
o
To arrange transport where necessary for carrying persons requiring emergency medical
treatment from the emergency area to the nearest hospital or health care unit having
arrangements for emergency medical care and treatment.
o
To establish community emergency response teams through enlistment, training,
40
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
coordination and supervision of volunteers to assist the Service in safety promotion and
management of emergencies.
To impart training and grant certificates to rescuers, volunteers and other private
persons for due performance of emergency management duties.
To establish direct contact with local and international organizations and training
institutions to maintain the Service according to international standards.
To collect, compile, maintain and analyse emergency response data and statistics relating
to emergencies and to use it for research and prevention of such emergencies.
To implement the regulations framed by the Council for dealing with emergencies in
accordance with the provisions of the Act.
To suggest measures for the prevention or mitigation of hazards endangering public
safety on roads, public parks and other public places particularly exhibitions, trade
shows, amusement parks and fairs with regard to public safety provisions.
To encourage, facilitate and train staff of non-governmental organizations and
educational institutions for emergency management.
To register and ensure minimum standards and code of conduct to be followed by
rescue vehicles, ambulances and patient transportation services.
To perform such other functions as may be assigned to it by the Emergency Service
Council of Punjab to achieve the purpose of Emergency Service Act.
5.23. Major Hospitals (Health Department)

Hospitals will develop their capacity in readiness to receive and treat casualties following disaster or offer
services to combat diseases. The hospitals should be built to withstand major hazards in the province.
Some core functions are:
o
Receive causalities and injured in case of a major incident.
o
Participate in preparedness drills in the province.
o
Deploy medical and paramedical personnel to the scene of incident or disaster.
o
Provide mobile medical services and ambulance service with medical facilities to
affected areas.
o
Standby arrangements to meet any medical needs during and after the incident and
stocking of sufficient medicines in all hospitals/medical centres.
o
Establishment of temporary team to provide vaccination and medication when
required.
o
Arrangement of patients' beds and earmarking of patient wards to meet any
emergency/crisis needs.
o
Provide blood transfusion facilities and motivate the people to donate blood.
5.23.a Electricity Department
o
Provide temporary power supply at the place of major incident or disaster.
o
Disconnect and reconnect power supply as appropriate to avoid secondary hazards of
electricity fire following a major disaster.
o
Attend to snapping wire and remove broken or snapped wires immediately especially in
times of disaster to minimize secondary hazards.
o
Repair and replace hanging and damaged power lines that may cause other hazards.
o
Maintain power supply lines and address of public complaints promptly in case of
power failure.
41
Provide safety measures and instructions on safe and friendly ways of using electric
power.
5.24. Civil Aviation Authority

o
o
o
o
Provide fire tenders/crash tenders or any other appropriate machinery as per need, in
case of a plane crash or related incidence.
Provide fire rescue service at the scene of incidence or plane crash.
Provide sufficient number of skilled persons, to meet disaster /crisis situation in case
of emergency involving plane crash.
Provide foam compound as per requirement on loan basis in case of emergency
involving plane crash.
5.25. Water and Sanitation Authority (WASA)

The authority is in charge of the development and provision of water and sanitation services in the
areas of its jurisdiction. Functions in relation to disaster risk management include:
o
Deploy necessary staff round the clock along with the duty roaster with important
telephone numbers of focal person and other coordinating agencies.
o
Arrange pure water supplies to the victims and the agencies working at the place of
incident. Dewatering of the accumulated water.
o
Ensure that all open or damaged manholes are either covered or repaired. Controlling
overflow of sewerage gutter/water. Use of suction vehicles where required.
o
Repair major leakage/bursting of the water supply lines, and resumption of immediate
water supply.
o
Provide dumpers, loaders, cranes, shovels, excavators, road rollers, generators, search
lights and any other tools/machinery/equipments available with the department,
required at the place of incident.
o
Arrange alternate water resources to meet all water shortage and emergencies.
o
Control overflows of sewage / gutter water. Use of suction vehicles where required.
o
Repair water and sewage bursts and resumption of water supplies after disruption.
5.26. Information, Culture and Youth Affairs Department

Pre-disaster
o
Disseminate warning messages to at-risk communities in an easy to understand language
through multiple channels, while being sensitive to people's access and timing issues.
o
Provide information to communities about precautionary measures they can take to
avoid loss of life and property from hazards.
During-disaster
o
Inform the public with timely and factual information about the extent of disaster,
losses caused and the current situation of hazard.
o
Advise public about measures to be adopted during the emergency period in order to
avoid further losses; e.g. evacuation, unsafe areas, water purification techniques.
o
Inform about actions being taken by authorities/aid groups to save lives and property.
o
Relay messages concerning welfare of isolated or trapped groups for the benefit of
families, relatives, friends and rescue teams.
42
o
o
o
Facilitate communication among affected people and their relatives, friends, families in
other parts of the country or world.
Highlight needs of survivors to make sure that all groups of people affected by the
disaster receive appropriate aid, irrespective of their social, ethnic, political status.
Highlight the need for application of minimum standards to ensure that minimum
needs of disaster survivors in terms of water, sanitation, shelter, food and health are
met.
Communicate about potential secondary risks to minimize further loss or damage.
Post-disaster
o
Communicate about rehabilitation and reconstruction plans of authorities, UN and
NGOs, others in the affected areas.
o
Encourage survivors' participation in recovery through conducting surveys and
communicating the opinions of public to authorities.
o
Influence for integrating risk reduction in rehabilitation and reconstruction
programmes.
5.27. Lahore Chamber of Commerce & Industry

o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Undertake hazard and risk analysis during design and planning stages of new
infrastructure and industry.
Identify and implement alternative options in order to reduce risks of natural hazards to
infrastructure and industry; e.g. change location.
Implement vulnerability reduction measures in case of construction of infrastructure
and industry in high risk areas.
Develop disaster preparedness and response plans for industrial units and industrial
zones.
Undertake drills at industrial unit level in order to prepare for any catastrophic events
such as fire or industrial explosions.
Provide assistance to disaster affected people through designated partner agencies on
needs basis.
Provide disaster recovery assistance to affected communities through development of
hazard resistant infrastructure.
5.28. Pakistan Red Crescent Society

The Society works as an auxiliary to the government to ameliorate the suffering of the most vulnerable
people in distress without discrimination. The Society assists the public authorities in crises, emergencies
and disasters but do not replace their responsibilities. The main activities of the Society are relief work
during and after conflict, disaster relief and auxiliary health and welfare services, which include a wide
range of activities for the less privileged and marginalized people in both urban and rural areas. The
Society provides ambulance and search and rescue service at times of emergencies. It has an effective
and continuous programme of capacity building of volunteers, CBOs, and district government officials.
5.29. Non Governmental Organizations / National Voluntary Movement

These will work in close coordination with the government departments in relation to disaster risk
management as per the core functions, mandate and resources at their disposal.
43
o
o
o
o
o
Mobilize communities and develop local level capacities for early warning, disaster
preparedness and response.
Implement programmes for community vulnerability reduction; e.g. strengthening
livelihoods, safer construction practices, drought mitigation.
Participate in disaster risk management activities such as training, public education,
damage assessment, rehabilitation and construction projects in hazard prone areas.
Formulate disaster risk management plans in order to share resources and information.
Link with PDMA to ensure that strategic policy and operational implementation
incorporates their participation.
5.30. Technical Agencies

The technical agencies listed below have a very important role of research, training/education, early
warning and technology development for disaster risk reduction and response throughout Punjab.
o
Arid Zone Research Institute (Bahawalpur).
o
Centre for Applied Molecular Biology (Lahore).
o
Centre of Excellence in Water Resources Engineering (Lahore) .
o
Water Resources Research Centre.
5.31. Academic and Research Institutions

o
o
o
o
44
Conduct research and recommend appropriate development initiatives to contribute

to disaster reduction.
Train personnel in various fields of disaster risk management.
Organize public education forums in disaster reduction.
Facilitate research oriented policy in disaster risk management.
Chapter 6

6.1.
Concept of Operations
Upon activation of the Plan by the Chairman of the Provincial Disaster Management Commission, the
management of disaster situations will be overseen at the Provincial Emergency Operation Centre
(PEOC). The PEOC will be established at either the PDMA office or other nominated site. The
Director General, PDMA will be responsible for:
a)
b)
Operation of the PEOC
c)
Staffing the PEOC at the required level
6.2.
General
?
The PDMA will coordinate a network of agencies and individuals within the
province to direct their efforts towards the maximum preservation of life and the
protection of property and environment in times of disaster/emergency.
?
The individuals and their communities shall, as much as is within their means, take
the recommended precautions to safeguard their families and their property against
the hazards to which they are exposed.
?
The first-line of emergency response shall be the responsibility of the protective
services Rescue 1122, Fire Brigade, Civil Defence and Police - as well as the health
services. The PEOC shall be activated for Level 2 and Level 3 emergencies as
determined by the Chairman PDMA, based upon consultation with the emergency
response services and other expert agencies (e.g. Meteorological Department etc.).
?
The alleviation of the negative effects of a disaster is most effective when
coordinated through a decentralised system. A collaborative response is required by
PDMA, Municipal, District and Tehsil in times of disaster/emergencies.
Efficient command and control is an essential pre-requisite to the successful co-ordination of

resources in emergency response operations. This concept of operation is based on three (3) phases
- ALERT, ACTIVATION, STAND DOWN.
These phases may be summarized as follows:
45
Depending on the type of disaster and level, the phases and actions may overlap at times. It will be the
discretion of the Chairman PDMA to activate the appropriate action as the conditions and resources
may dictate.
6.3.
Protracted Operations
Should damage or disruption be to such an extent, that operations are to continue over a number of days
or weeks, the policy of daily meetings with officers in charge of control authorities and support
organizations will be implemented for the purpose of coordinating effort and establishing priorities.
The safety and welfare of the officers and staff working late or away from home should be given priority
as per the usual government procedures. A Provincial Emergency Operation Centre is put into place and
operates around the clock. This PEOC is established to monitor and pass timely information to the
relevant recipients.
?
The Centre functions round the clock in 3 shifts of 8 hours each.
?
Each shift should be headed by a grade 18 Officer.
?
Key departments for staffing the centre are PDMA (Relief Department), WASA,
Rescue -1122, Irrigation, Police, Civil Defence, Military, Information, C&W, and
Meteorological Department Pakistan Red Crescent Society.
?
The Flood Forecasting Division would prepare flood bulletins for media.
?
A telecommunication network is established for receiving and disseminating regular
updates of the disaster.
?
In case of rains / floods particularly during monsoon season, a Flood Warning Centre is
established at the Met Department, Lahore.
6.4.
Receipt and distribution of Warnings
Warnings of a natural hazard (e.g. floods, severe drought, and winter storms) in the first instance by the
Flood Forecasting and Monitoring Division to the PDMA. The information should be passed to the
Chairman PDMA in order to ensure activation of the appropriate response activity.
All public warnings will be distributed by the Flood Forecasting and Monitoring Division through the
PDMA upon recommendation of the Director General PDMA on behalf of the Chairman.
Appropriate media channels will be used to distribute the warning to the public and concerned
authorities for appropriate standby preparedness and response.
46
Warnings and Alerts
6.5.
(a)
Source of Warnings and Alerts

i.
Bulletins and Advisories: Where technology allows (e.g. monsoon season and
floods), warning Bulletins and Advisories may be issued by the PDMA based
upon information from the Flood Forecasting Division of the
Meteorological Department, to the public via the electronic media, within as
much as 36 hours of an event.
ii.
Other Alerts may be received from any source and by any means. The more
common emergency contact numbers are listed below. Warnings or alert
messages received from any source (other than the relevant authority or the
protective services) will be verified by the PDMA.
(b)
Warnings and Alerts Contact Points

i.
Duty Hours: Warnings may be received during duty hours by Emergency
Management personnel present at PDMA or other emergency management
Services in Lahore (Fire Brigade, Police, Civil Defence, Rescue 1122 and
Health Services etc).
ii.
Non-Duty Hours: Disaster warnings and alerts may be received during nonduty hours by one of the following.
Public Information
The distribution to the public of contacts or telephone numbers for disaster information will be the
responsibility of the Director General, PDMA. The Provincial Disaster Management Authority has the
responsibility for dissemination to the public of disaster risk and response information as directed by the
Chairman.
When this plan is activated, the Director General is the official source of public and media information.
All outside media enquiries are to be directed to the Director General. The Director General will arrange
media briefings and interviews with key personnel and media channels. The Director General will sign
any briefings going to media houses and radio stations.
47
6.6.
Managing Public Information
Below are some useful guidelines for managing public information:

?
Hold the first news conference as soon as possible after the event.
?
Set media guidelines regarding accessibility to information, length of question periods,
conference/briefings, site tours, etc.
?
Ensure good communication with frequent updates on the bulletin board or white
board.
?
Form a media pool by selecting a small number of media personnel from different
media houses to represent print and electronic news personnel on the disaster site.
?
Ensure monitoring of print and electronic coverage for rumor control and awareness.
This can either be done by sub-contracting monitoring to an outside company, or by
installing in-house electronic equipment and monitoring personnel.
6.7.
Information Management and Rumor Control
One of the necessary items to be considered by the PDMA in preparing for an emergency/disaster is
rumor control and information management. Monitoring of both the news media and incoming public
calls will enable awareness of rumors. In general, information on a hazard, disaster or its impact will not
be treated as confidential. Information which contributes to high level decision making before decisions
are taken will be considered as confidential. The following guidelines will be used as SOPs for
information management:
?
Accurate and timely information will be shared with the public.
?
Information will be issued by DG, PDMA.
?
Information will be repeated frequently in the early stages.
?
Media access to disaster information and site will not be restricted.
?
A single specific focal point for media management will be appointed.
?
A media background information sheet will be regularly updated.
?
Media visits to disaster site will be organized by PDMA.
6.8.
Reporting, Briefings and Conferences
All response organizations are to submit regular situation reports to the EOC situated in the PDMA.
The Executive Officer will collect the reports received and supply regular situation reports to the
chairman and other concerned stakeholders. Briefings for the Chairman PDMA and the Public
Information officer will be scheduled at intervals. The briefings by each department will include:
?
Unresolved problems.
?
Major new problems during previous six hours.
?
Assistance needed from other agencies or outside organizations.
?
Information developed by the department that should be passed to other departments
or to the public.
?
Additional briefings may be organized at the request of the Director General PDMA.
?
Conferences of key personnel may be convened at any time by the Chairman PDMA to
discuss and resolve major issues.
?
The Director General PDMA is responsible for ensuring that any decisions reached at
conferences are quickly relayed to all personnel.
48
6.9.
Reporting and After Action Reports
The PDMA Director General is responsible for ensuring that all required reports are forwarded to
relevant destinations on time. He is also responsible for preparing and sending any special reports on
damages, threats or assistance needed. He is also responsible for informing all sections of special
information needed by personnel in the field in order to respond to citizens' inquiries. Locations and
services offered at temporary medical, feeding, or shelter facilities in particular, should be rapidly
disseminated to all disaster workers in the field. An after action report must be completed on
deactivation of the PEOC which signals the official end of the response. This report will be used in a
debrief of the operations, which is vital for learning lessons, good and bad, which are meant to
continuously improve disaster response.
6.10. Request for Assistance

Any requests for assistance from outside the province are to be made by the Chairman PDMC. Such
requests are to be forwarded to the National Disaster Management Authority by the Chairman. The
Nazim or District Coordination Officer (DCO) will make the request to the PDMA/PDMC for district
level disasters. The Provincial Disaster management Authority will facilitate the accessing of
contingency funds for disaster response in the province based on the modalities to be established and
agreed upon with the approval of the Chairman PDMA.
6.11. Type of Relief to affected population

?
Emergency shelter materials blankets, bedding, plastic sheeting.
?
Emergency accommodation e.g. shelters.
?
Water, food and clothing relief.
?
Medical assistance.
?
Crisis counselling.
?
Security.
Other longer-term relief and recovery assistance may include:
?
Food stamps or food voucher programmes.
?
Emergency housing grants.
?
Welfare grants.
?
Nutrition supplement programmes.
?
Long term counselling.
?
Skills training.
?
Reconstruction of houses.
?
Rehabilitation of livelihoods.
6.12. Criteria for Emergency Relief Assistance

The following criteria has been set forth for identifying and evaluating applications for emergency relief
made by private citizens for assistance resulting from consequential damage sustained as a result of a
hazardous event of Level 2 /3 / 4 emergency . This criterion shall be applied for residential buildings only
and private citizens.
Emergency relief assistance for disasters/emergencies will be applied where it is determined that the
capability of the affected community to assist itself is exceeded. Notification of such an event by the
49
local services will initiate activation of the relief process. The priorities of emergency response will be
life, shelter and basic needs (water, clothes, and food). Food relief constitutes items sufficient to meet 2600
calories (average calorie requirement per person per day) for 3 days. Damage Assessment and Needs
Analysis (DANA) will be determined by DANA teams, in the first instance, within eight (8) hours of the
event and subsequently within the next 72 hours to one week. Further needs assessment will depend on
the nature of the disaster/emergency and level. As much as possible the emergency relief exercise will be
completed within one to three weeks of the incident. The criterion for relief will be as follows:
?
Low income applicants and families with many young children, the elderly and the
physically/mentally challenged will be top priority.
?
Subsequently those made unemployed by the disaster will also be given priority
consideration.
?
Special needs of different groups will be considered e.g. pregnant women, young
kids, disabled etc.
?
Shelter needs will follow the suggested Shelter Guideline (to be developed).
?
First shelter in home; Second shelter with family and friends; third failing the above,
shelter in designated buildings and evacuation centres.
?
All applicants, by priority, will be considered for basic humanitarian needs, bedding
and temporary roofing materials.
6.13. Reconstruction
a.
The applicant/occupier must show prior to any relief distribution the following:
?
proof of ownership of the house.
?
Proof of ownership of the land.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
For developments outside the formal planning process limited repair and
reconstruction building materials may be provided
Rental properties will be a low priority
The uninsured will take priority over the insured
Owners with more than one property will be low priority
Property under construction at the time of the event will be low priority
6.14. Provincial Disaster Management Fund (PDMF)

Under section 30 of the National Disaster Management Ordinance 2006:
i.
The Punjab Government will establish a Provincial Disaster Management Fund in
the sum of PKR100-Million.
ii.
The Fund can be utilized by the Punjab Provincial Disaster Management Commission
for relief, rescue and rehabilitation of the affected population as per approved rates
given below:
I.
a.
b.
50
Loss of Life
For each person died due to any natural calamity irrespective of the number of
casualties in family: PKR. 100,000 (Rs. One Lac only)
Injured persons (critical serious injury/permanent disability or loss of limbs): PKR:
50,000 (Rs. Fifty Thousand only)
II.
a.
b.
Damage to Houses
House completely damaged / destroyed: PKR: 25,000
House partially damaged (depending upon the extent of damage): PKR: 10,000
III.
a.
Loss of Cattle Heads

Loss of cattle head: PKR 20,000
i
Money from the Disaster Fund can be released to another government
department in the province to buy and provide relief assistance as need be i.e.
another government unit to facilitate the rehabilitation and reconstruction
infrastructure, homes and basic social services.
Procedure
i
ii
iii
iv
PDMA will obtain reports and details regarding losses / damages caused to the
property, infrastructure and crops in the province due to any calamity from the
concerned DCOs.
PDMA will compile the reports regarding losses and damages and will submit to the
PDMC soliciting approval for grant of financial assistance in respect of
collapsed/damaged houses, etc.
The cropped area damaged due to any calamity will be declared as calamity affected
according to the provisions of the Land Administration Manual, provided a revenue
estate receives 50 percent or above damage due to any calamity under the Punjab
National Calamities (Prevention & Relief) Act, 1958. As per Canal & Drainage Act of
1873, joint survey by Irrigation and Revenue Departments is pre-requisite for
declaration of any area as calamity affected, if such area is irrigated by canal water.
After declaration of any area as a calamity affected, the following remissions of
Government dues / assistance is provided by the Government:
1.
Remission of Government dues i.e. Agricultural Income Tax, Water Rate
(Aabiana), Local Rate, Development Cess, etc. are granted to the affected
farmers.
2.
State Bank and other concerned commercial banks are requested for deferment
of agricultural loans in respect of damaged crops and grant of fresh loans to
sow the next crop in calamity affected area.
51
Levels of Operation
Chapter 7
Levels of Operation
The response of the PDMA depends on the severity of the situation and the type of assistance required.
There are four levels of emergency/disaster response.
Level 1
Localized emergency events dealt within the regular operating mode of the protective,
emergency and health services in the district.
Level 2
Emergency/disaster events that overwhelm the capacity of the resources in the
municipal/district/tehsil, but do not overwhelm the capacity of the provincial resources to
respond and recover.
Level 3
Emergency/disaster events that overwhelm the capacity of the provincial resources to respond
and recover (such an event may be designated as a National Disaster). This will prompt seeking
of assistance from NDMA and other external partners.
Level 4
Emergency / disaster event that overwhelms the capacity of the national resources to respond
prompting foreign/international teams to support the country in the response and recovery
initiatives, such as was witnessed during the 8 October 2005, earthquake in the country.
7.1.
Standard Operating Procedures for Varying Emergency Levels

(a)
i
ii
(b)
i
Level - 1
Monitor situation: Should the situation warrant - PDMA will establish contact with a
qualified observer in the field, to monitor the situation until it is managed.
Compile Report on Incident and Assess Response: As soon as is possible after an
emergency incident, the agencies involved, should compile a report on the facts of the
incident and undertake an assessment of the emergency response. Recommendations
for preventing and mitigation similar incidents in the future and which promote an
enhanced response should be compiled and submitted to the appropriate agencies.
Level - 2
Confirm event and issue call out: Confirm that the situation and that emergency
response services and appropriate Collaborating departments are informed and
mobilized core group will be contacted at all times:
?
Rescue - 1122
?
Fire Services
?
Police
53
?
Civil Defence
?
PDMA
?
Medical and Public Health
ii
Establish Field Command Post: Providing that it is safe to do so, PDMA Director
General will attend at the incident area with the necessary equipment from a Field
Command Post. This Post should be organized to ensure:
?
The safety of responders and affected persons.
?
To facilitate the maximum efficiency of flow of emergency response
information among responding agencies.
?
To facilitate effective coordination and control of the situation including, the
movement of emergency vehicles to the event site.
Minimum personnel for the field command post includes:
?
Rescue - 1122.
?
Fire Service Representative(s).
?
Police Service Representative(s).
?
Health Representative(s).
?
Works Department Representative(s).
?
Municipal Corporation's representative(s).
?
PDMA Director General (or as designated).
?
Facility Owner/Operator.
54
iii
Coordination of the Disaster/Emergency: Once established on site, the PDMA

representative will assist in the coordination of the disaster/emergency by:
?
Obtaining a detailed list (estimate) of those affected by conducting a damage
assessment and needs analysis.
?
Liaising with the various services at the command post to determine any
shortfalls in manpower and resources required to address immediate priorities.
?
Establishing information flow procedures for concerned parties.
?
Reporting frequently to PDMA headquarters on the state of the response,
resources on hand and needs of population.
?
PDMA's office to compile Situation Reports.
iv
Relief & Welfare Management: Request for emergency relief supplies shall be
processed in accordance with the Relief Guidelines and Procedures established by PDMA
and as outlined in this manual. Once it is determined that the management of
emergency in the field will exceed 24-48 hours PDMA will endeavour to secure welfare
support for the disaster/emergency responders.
Rehabilitation and Recovery: It is recognized that Public utilities and Government

Departments will act in the initial rehabilitation and recovery activities at the local level.
Anticipated rehabilitation matters may include:
?
Control of secondary hazards such as fire.
?
Restoration of utilities such as gas, water, electricity etc.
Levels of Operation
?
Public Health insect vector and rodent control as well as addressing cesspit
overflow e.g. Floods.
?
Road and drainage clearance.
vi
Escalation of Disaster/Emergency State or Stand down: Should the emergency

escalate to Level 3, procedures for this state will be adopted. Otherwise, based upon
consultation with personnel at the Field Command Post and field representatives, the
Director General PDMA will issue the stand down orders.
(c)
i
Level - 3
Issue public safety advisory on preparedness and precautions information in
accordance with pre-established procedures as per the respective hazard.
Mobilise PDMA and activate the PEOC to full scale and round the clock field
representation. PDMA shall call Emergency Meeting of partners to:
?
Assess and coordinate preparations.
?
Coordinate public information on the state of preparedness.
?
Circulate check-sheet.
?
PDMA to secure Information/Communications Officer..
ii
iii
iv
v
vi
vii
Activate PDMA's Provincial Emergency Operation Centre (PEOC).

Issue timely coordinated information releases in accordance with pre-established
procedures to media, NDMA and other departments and stakeholders.
Within 24-48 hours after the Level 3 disaster/emergency began, the PDMA will call a
stakeholders meeting daily at 09:00 (or at a time otherwise determined) to assess
situation and coordinate emergency response; implement rehabilitation and recovery
actions; and coordinate public information on the state of emergency.
These meetings will continue until the emergency phase moves to the recovery phase or
by consensus of the member stakeholders.
In collaboration with the PDMA and advise from field post, the Director General,
PDMA will:
?
Issue the stand down orders for the PEOC.
?
Declare the event has moved from the emergency response phase, to the
recovery phase.
?
Chairman, PDMA to brief Chief Minister and departmental heads.
?
PDMA to issue coordinated information releases in accordance with preestablished procedures to media, departments, partners, and NDMA.
Each sector is requested to undertake a review of its overall disaster risk management
involvement in the event. Further a review of the emergency will be hosted by PDMA
within and agreed timeframe after the event to:
?
Incorporate lessons learned from the experiences into the overall provincial disaster
risk management planning and emergency response.
?
Improve planning, coordination, response, rehabilitation and recovery.
?
Identify and request needed resources.
55
?
Identify and develop training programmes required.
?
Record the event experience for the benefit of municipal, district and tehsil
authorities and other future players.
?
Identify and initiate mitigation works required.
?
Record the event experience for the benefit of national planning at large.
(d)
7.2.
Level - 4
The NDMA in collaboration with the PDMA and other major stakeholders take the lead
in the response and recovery of a level 4 emergency/disaster. Refer to NDMA Standard
Operating Procedures for this level of emergency/disaster.
Provincial Emergency Operation Centre (PEOC)
For purposes of this document, Emergency Operation Centre (EOC) represents the physical location at
which the coordination of information and resources to support disaster management activities
normally takes place. It is usually created in the PDMA. The PEOC may be permanently activated with
full staff at occurrence of disaster or may be established to meet temporary, short-term needs. The
physical size, staffing, and equipping of an EOC will depend on the size of disaster, resources available
and anticipated incident management workload. EOCs may be organized and staffed in a variety of
ways. Regardless of the specific organizational structure used, the EOC should include the following
core functions:
o
Coordination.
o
Communications.
o
Resource dispatch and tracking.
o
Information collection, analysis and dissemination.
EOCs may also support multi-agency coordination and joint information activities as discussed below.
o
On activation of a district EOC, communications and coordination must be established
between the ground and the PEOC.
o
Field organizations must also establish communications with the activated local EOC,
either directly or through their parent organizations.
o
Additionally, EOCs at all levels of government and across functional agencies must be
capable of communicating appropriately with others and the PEOC during incidents,
including those maintained by private organizations.
o
Communications between EOCs must be reliable and contain built-in redundancies.
The efficient functioning of EOCs depends on the existence of mutual-aid agreements
and joint communications protocols among participating agencies.
7.3.
Response to an emergency incident is the function of law enforcement, emergency medical services,
fire-rescue departments, civil defence and first responders. When a large-scale event has occurred, it is
important that the response be coordinated. This generally means activating the Provincial Emergency
Operations Centre to assure central coordination. Public official alerting, shelter, evacuation, search and
rescue, and resource mobilization are all part of the response mode.
56
Levels of Operation
7.4.
Flood Warning Centre
This is a Flood Emergency Operation Centre established every year from the 15th of June to the 15th of
October to monitor and pass timely information of floods in the province. The Centre is maintained at
46 Jail Road, Lahore.
o
The Centre functions round the clock in 3 shifts of 8 hours each.
o
Each shift is headed by a grade 18 Officer.
o
Railways, WAPDA, C & W, Met Department, and the PDMA (Relief Department)
participate in the functioning of the Centre.
o
The Information Department prepares flood bulletins for media.
o
Police Telecommunication Department Punjab establishes wireless network for
receiving 6.00 hourly Gauge and Discharge data for H/Works, Barrages and other
Control Points.
o
Police wireless also disseminates flood warnings to out stations as and when requires.
7.5.
Flood Warning System in Punjab
A.
Beyond Border Flood Warning System

I.
Every year, arrangements are made by the Pakistan Commissioner for Indus Waters with
his Indian counterpart under the provisions of the Indus Waters Treaty 1960 to supply
information through radio Jammu at 0900 hours, 1430 hours and 2240 hours for the
following river stages:
? Chanab at Akhnoor, 75000 Cs. and above.
? Ravi, below Madhopur, 30,000 Cs..and above.
II.
In addition, hourly, 3 hourly and 6 hourly flood data of sites for the following rivers is
also conveyed on telephone (depending on the flood situation).
? Jammu and Munawar Tavi: 20000 Cs. & above.
? Sutlej at Rupar below Harike and below Ferozepur, H/Works.
? Ravi below Madhopur.
? Levels of Bhakra Dam on Sutlej and Pong Dam on Beas.
III.
Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation will monitor Radio Jammu Broadcasts and further
convey to Flood Forecasting and Warning Centre / Flood Forecasting Division.
Indian Commissioner during 98th meeting (25-26th June 2006) agreed to improve the
prevailing arrangements and considered communication of the following information:
? In flow levels and out flows at Thein Dam on River Ravi be supplied on daily
basis through telephone.
IV.
B.
Within Border Flood Warning System

I.
Normal weather and flood forecasts are given by the Pakistan Meteorological
Department every 24 hours.
II.
On occurrence of significant rainfall, or floods, immediate warnings are given.
III.
WAPDA / PIDA supply 6 hourly gauge and discharge data for all barrages, rivers and
nullahs to Flood Forecasting Division, 46-jail Road, Lahore.
57
IV.
V.
58
Flood Warnings are started at medium flood level. At high flood level, hourly data are
supplied and warnings issued.
Flood Emergency Cell is established in the Irrigation and Power Department used to
monitor flood situation round the clock and collect damage reports if any.
C.
Flood Telecommunication
I.
Every year before the advent of the monsoon season, the Police Telecommunications
Department installs HF and VHF radio base sets at all the Barrages, H/Works, Bridges
and critical points at Nullahs etc.
II.
Telephone and Fax machines are provided in the Flood Forecasting and Warning
Division in addition to Police Telecommunication.
D.
Duties of Staff at Flood Warning Centre

o
Issue flood warnings after verification of data and flood limits.
o
Receive information from various departments/agencies including India through police
telecommunication, telephones/telegram, forecast bullets, radio, mobile phones, email
etc.
o
Keep close liaison with telephone department for smooth operations of telephones and
hotlines.
o
Convey the damage reports of railways and highways to Federal Flood Commission,
NDMA PDMA and Army 4 Corps, Lahore.
o
Maintain different registers for recording flood data of reservoirs and barrages.
Chapter 8

8.1.
Responsibility for Organizing the Drills
Periodically, the Punjab Disaster Management Authority will plan and carry out with other stakeholders
exercises or drills on various scenarios to assess the procedures in this document. Agencies and
departments should also conduct drills based on the hazard scenarios and areas of competence.
The following are proposed table top exercises that can be undertaken in drills:
o
A major flood event with trans-border consequences both inter-province and
international (area to be identified).
o
A major explosion at a main office block in Lahore.
o
An Industrial accident in a main factory with chemicals.
o
A dam burst at a specific river.
o
A railway accident at a road junction.
o
A fire incident at a factory premises manufacturing chemicals.
o
A prolonged drought affecting a number of districts and leading to animal and people
causalities.
8.2.
Schedules for Organizing the Drills
There should be at least two drills in a year. Lessons learnt from the drills and those from the previous
and ongoing disaster related incidents should be incorporated in this DRM Plan as appropriate.
8.3.
Resources for Organizing the Drills
The PDMA will facilitate and provide some minimal resources for the drills. Various departments,
agencies and organizations will bear their cost of involvement in the drills.
59
Annexure
Annexe 1
Main Hazard Prone Districts in Punjab Province
Analysis by: Pakistan Red Crescent Society, Lahore Branch.
61
Annexe 2
Salient Features of Punjab Irrigation System
62
Annexure
Annexe 3
List of Flood Prone Districts

and Areas along Main Rivers
63
Annexe 4
Estimates of Floods Damages in Punjab since 1973
64
Data compiled from records provided by Relief and Crisis Management Department, Punjab
Annexure
65
Annexe 5
Flood Damages in Punjab
Source: Relief and Crisis Management Department, Punjab
66
Annexure
Annexe 6
Emergency Management Contacts - Floods
67
Annexe 7
Industrial Establishment in Punjab
68
Annexure
Annexe 8
District-Wise Industrial Units
Source: Directory of Industrial Establishments in Punjab, 2006.
69
Annexe 9
District-Wise Flood Relief Arrangements
70
Annexure
Annexe 10
Lead Agencies and Support Organizations

for Emergency Response
The following agencies have primary and secondary responsibilities to provide emergency assistance as
per their mandate and areas of competence to the respective hazards identified.
71
72
Annexure
Annexe 11
Inventory of Earth Moving Machinery
73
Emergency Response Contacts - Punjab
74
Annexure
Annexe 13
Phone & Fax Numbers of District Coordination Officers
75
Annexe 14
Emergency Response Contacts Federal Level
76
Annexure
Annexe 15
Key Tasks and Activities in Recovery

Planning and Management
77
Annexe 16
Stationary Requirement at PEOC

The following items of stationery will be required in the PEOC:
78
?
In/out registers
?
Waste paper baskets
?
Operations log sheets
?
Pens
?
Note pads
?
Pencils
?
Message pads
?
Scissors
?
Message forms
?
Staplers/staples/staple removers
?
Mutual aid request forms
?
Glue sticks
?
Situation report forms
?
Scotch tape
?
Audio cassettes
?
Scotch tape dispensers
?
Video cassettes
?
Rubber bands
?
File folders
?
Erasers
?
Paper and supplies for Photo Copier
?
Thumb tacks
?
Adding machine tape
?
Organization and name tags
?
Rubber stamps/ink pads
?
Waste baskets
?
Felt tip markers
?
Filing cabinets
?
Washable markers
?
Adding machines/calculators
?
Marker and erasers
?
Pencil sharpeners
?
Poster board for signs
?
Telephone books
?
Map tack
?
In/out boxes
?
String
?
Calendars
?
Envelopes of various sizes
?
Paper clips
?
Scrap paper
?
Paper fasteners
Annexure
Resource List for PEOC

?
Tables
?
Desks
?
Chairs
?
Clocks
?
Photocopy machine
?
Manual and electric typewriters
?
Computers/Printers
?
Video cameras
?
Television sets
?
VCRs
?
Tape recorders
?
Digital Cameras
?
HF radios
?
VHF radios
?
UHF radios
?
SW radios
?
Portable satellite terminal
?
Commercial radios
?
Telephone switchboards
?
Telephone jacks for additional phones to be
installed
?
Radio station remote hookups
?
Telephones for press/public
?
Projection screens
?
Multimedia Projector
?
Easels with flipcharts
?
Blackboard
?
Whiteboards
?
Events display boards
?
District, Provincal, country and Regional
maps
?
Aerial photos
?
Stove
?
Food storage cabinets
?
Refrigerator/freezer
?
Beds/cots
?
Flashlights
?
Auxiliary power (generator)
?
Air conditioners
?
Telephones (listed and unlisted numbers)
79
Food Storage Capacity in Punjab

District
80
Storage Capacity
(Lac Tons)
Annexure
Annexe 19
Impact of Human Pollution Activity on Environment
Source: Adopted from Compiled Reports of Environment Protection Reports, Environment Department; Government of
Punjab.
Keys:
+
++
+++
++++
+++++
: Low Negative Impact

: Negative Impact
: Moderate Negative Impact
: Devastating Negative Impact
: Very Devastating Negative Impact
81
Annexe 20
Hazard Specific Measures

What to Do In-case of:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Drought
Earthquake
Flood
Landslide
1DROUGHT
What is a Drought?
Drought is a period or condition of unusually dry weather within a geographic area where rainfall is
normally present. During a drought there is a lack of precipitation. Droughts occur in all climatic zones.
However, its characteristics vary significantly from one region to another.
Drought usually results in a water shortage that seriously interferes with human activity. Its seriousness
depends on the degree of the water shortage, size of area affected, and the duration and warmth of the
dry period. In many underdeveloped countries, such as India, people place a great demand on water
supply. During a drought period there is a lack of water, and thus many of the poor die.
Most precipitation depends on water vapor carried by winds from an ocean or other source of moisture.
If these moisture-carrying winds are replaced by winds from a dry region, or if they are modified by
downward motion, as in the center of an anticyclone, the weather is abnormally dry and often
persistently cloudless. If the drought period is short, it is known as a dry spell.
Can Drought be predicted?
Scientists can predict the likelihood of a drought by careful monitoring of rainfall, river flow and soil
moisture.
What are the possible risk reduction measures for drought?
o
Construction of reservoirs to hold emergency water supplies,
o
Education to avoid over cropping and overgrazing,
o
Programs to limit settlement in drought-prone areas.
o
Drought and famine early warning systems
o
Development of inter-institutional plan
Before a Drought:
o
Establishment of seed banks and nurseries to ensure a stable supply of seedlings, seeds,
cuttings and other plant materials
o
Public awareness / education to prevent over cropping and overgrazing
o
Community legislation to limit settlement in drought-prone areas
o
Construction of reservoirs to hold emergency water supplies
o
Harvest / impound rain water for use in agriculture
82
Annexure
During a Drought:
o
Propagation of drought resistant crops (e.g., crops that require less water such as root
crops sweet potato, cassava, and indigenous vegetables and legumes)
o
Education and information drive to generate community appreciation of water
management and crop life-saving techniques
o
Optimum use of all available surface and ground water for irrigation (e.g., minimum
wetting of crops by rotation to extend available irrigation to a larger area)
o
Diversion of diesel / fuel electricity to power pumps during critical period of crop
growth
After a Drought:
o
Close coordination between agricultural scientists, meteorologists, irrigation engineers
and agricultural field staff to inform and assist farmers to adapt agricultural practices
o
Increase production in favorable areas to make up for losses in seriously affected areas.
2-
EARTHQUAKE
What is an earthquake?
Earthquakes are earth vibrations produced when the stability of rock masses under the surface of the
earth is disturbed. These disturbances usually occur along existing fault lines or zones of structural
weaknesses
Why earthquake occur?
Most earthquakes happen near the boundaries of tectonic plates, both where the plates spread apart and
where they crunch or grind together (although large temblors also strike from time to time in the
normally stable interior of continents). Along plate boundaries, the brittle outer part of the Earth
fractures along faults. As plates move, blocks of crust shift along the faults.
Can Earthquake be predicted?
Many seismologists would probably answer, "Not yet, but eventually." But to date, nobody has been able
to predict earthquakes reliably enough and over short enough time scales to allow the evacuation of
threatened cities. Some scientists have entirely lost faith in earthquake prediction. They say that so many
factors decide whether a fault will rupture that earthquakes could well be inherently unpredictable in a
practical sense.
What are the possible risk reduction measures for earthquake?
o
Hazard mapping
o
Public awareness program and training
o
Assess and reduce structural vulnerability
o
Land use control or zoning building codes
o
Insurance
3- FLOOD
What is a flood?
Flood - the condition that occurs when water overflows the natural or artificial confines of a stream
or body of water.
83
3.1
Can a flash flood be predicted?
Flash floods represent different forecast and detection challenges because they are not always
caused by meteorological phenomena. Flash floods result when favorable meteorological and
hydrological conditions exist together. Although heavy rainfall is necessary, a given amount and
duration of rainfall may or may not result in a flash flood, depending on the hydrologic
characteristics of the watershed where it is raining. Variables include knowing how much water runs
off (as well as where it runs to), how strong the stream is flowing, how wide an area is getting rain,
how hard and fast it is raining, how long it has been raining in a particular drainage basin, where the
storm is located and how fast or slow it is moving, how porous the soil is and how much water it
already holds, how much surface is paved, whether there are storm drains or closely space buildings,
etc.
3.2
What are the possible risk reduction measures for flood?

o
Flood control (channels, dikes, dams, flood-proofing, erosion control)
o
Flood detection and warning systems
o
Community participation and education
o
Development of master plan for floodplain management
Before the Flood:

o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Find out how often your location is likely to be flooded.

Know the flood warning system in your community and be sure your family knows it.
Keep informed of daily weather condition.
Designate an evacuation area for the family and livestock.
Assign family members instructions and responsibilities according to an evacuation
plan.
Keep a stock of food which requires little cooking and refrigeration; electric power may
be interrupted.
Keep a transistorized radio and flashlight with spare batteries, emergency cooking
equipment, candies, matches and first aid kit handy in case of emergency.
Store supplies and other household effects above expected flood water level.
When Warned of Flood:

o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Watch for rapidly rising flood waters.

Listen to your radio for emergency instructions.
If you find it necessary to evacuate, move to a safe area before the access is cut off
by flood waters.
Store drinking water in containers, water service may be interrupted.
Move household belongings to upper levels.
Get livestock to higher ground.
Turn off electricity at the main switch in the building before evacuating and also lock
your house.
During the Flood:

o
o
84
Avoid areas subject to sudden flooding.

Do not attempt to cross rivers of flowing streams where water is above the knee.
Annexure
o
o
o
o
o
Beware of water-covered roads and bridges.

Avoid unnecessary exposure to the elements.
Do not go swimming or boating in swollen rivers.
Eat only well-cooked food. Protect leftovers against contamination.
Drink clean or preferably boiled water only.
After the Flood:

o
o
o
o
o
o
o
4-
Re-enter the dwellings with caution using flashlights.

Be alert for fire hazards like broken wires.
Do not eat food and drink water until they have been checked for flood water
contamination.
Report broken utility lines (electricity, water, gas and telephone) to appropriate
agencies authorities.
Do not turn on the main switch or use appliances and other equipment until they
have been checked by a competent electrician.
Consult health authorities for immunization requirements.
Do not go in disaster areas. Your presence might hamper rescue and other
emergency operations.
LANDSLIDE
What is a Landslide?
Landslide is a general term used to describe the down-slope movement of soil, rock and organic
materials under the influence of gravity
What causes landslide?
Some slopes are susceptible to landslides whereas others are more stable. Many factors contribute to the
instability of slopes, but the main controlling factors are the nature of the underlying bedrock and soil,
the configuration of the slope, the geometry of the slope, and ground-water condition.
What are the possible risk reduction measures for landslide?
o
Hazard mapping
o
Legislation and land use regulation
o
Insurance
o
Community education
o
Monitoring, warning and evacuation systems
o
Reforestation
Before a Landslide
? Do not build near steep slopes, close to mountain edges, near drainage ways, or natural
erosion valleys.
? Get a ground assessment of your property.
? Contact local officials, state geological surveys or departments of natural resources, and
university departments of geology. Landslides occur where they have before, and in
identifiable hazard locations. Ask for information on landslides in your area, specific
information on areas vulnerable to landslides, and request a professional referral for a
85
very detailed site analysis of your property, and corrective measures you can take, if
necessary.
?
Minimize home hazards:
o
Have flexible
o
o
o
pipe fittings installed to avoid gas or water leaks, as flexible fittings are
more resistant to breakage (only the gas company or professionals should install gas
fittings).
Plant ground cover on slopes and build retaining walls.
In mudflow areas, build channels or deflection walls to direct the flow around buildings.
Remember: If you build walls to divert debris flow and the flow lands on a neighbor's
property, you may be liable for damages.
Recognize Landslide Warning Signs

o
Changes occur in your landscape such as patterns of storm-water drainage on slopes
(especially the places where runoff water converges) land movement, small slides, flows,
or progressively leaning trees.
o
Doors or windows stick or jam for the first time.
o
New cracks appear in plaster, tile, brick, or foundations.
o
Outside walls, walks, or stairs begin pulling away from the building.
o
Slowly developing, widening cracks appear on the ground or on paved areas such as
streets or driveways.
o
Underground utility lines break.
o
Water breaks through the ground surface in new locations.
o
Fences, retaining walls, utility poles, or trees tilt or move.
o
A faint rumbling sound that increases in volume is noticeable as the landslide nears.
o
The ground slopes downward in one direction and may begin shifting in that direction
under your feet.
o
Unusual sounds, such as trees cracking or boulders knocking together, might indicate
moving debris.
o
Collapsed pavement, mud, fallen rocks, and other indications of possible debris flow
can be seen when driving (embankments along roadsides are particularly susceptible to
landslides).
During a Landslide
o
Stay alert and awake. Many debris-flow fatalities occur when people are sleeping. Be
aware that intense, short bursts of rain may be particularly dangerous, especially after
longer periods of heavy rainfall and damp weather.
o
If you are in areas susceptible to landslides and debris flows, consider leaving if it is safe
to do so. Remember that driving during an intense storm can be hazardous. If you
remain at home, move to a second story if possible. Staying out of the path of a landslide
or debris flow saves lives.
o
Listen for any unusual sounds that might indicate moving debris, such as trees cracking
or boulders knocking together. A trickle of flowing or falling mud or debris may precede
larger landslides. Moving debris can flow quickly and sometimes without warning.
o
If you are near a stream or channel, be alert for any sudden increase or decrease in water
86
Annexure
flow and for a change from clear to muddy water. Such changes may indicate landslide
activity upstream, so be prepared to move quickly. Don't delay! Save yourself, not your
belongings.
Be especially alert when driving. Embankments along roadsides are particularly
susceptible to landslides. Watch the road for collapsed pavement, mud, fallen rocks, and
other indications of possible debris flows.
What to do if you suspect imminent landslide danger?

o
Contact your local fire, police, or public works department. Local officials are the best
persons able to assess potential danger.
o
Inform affected neighbors. Your neighbors may not be aware of potential hazards.
Advising them of a potential threat may help save lives. Help neighbors who may need
assistance to evacuate.
o
Evacuate. Getting out of the path of a landslide or debris flow is your best protection.
After a Landslide
o
Stay away from the slide area. There may be danger of additional slides.
o
Listen to local radio or television stations for the latest emergency information.
o
Watch for flooding, which may occur after a landslide or debris flow. Floods sometimes
follow landslides and debris flows because they may both be started by the same event.
o
Check for injured and trapped persons near the slide, without entering the direct slide
area. Direct rescuers to their locations.
o
Help a neighbor who may require special assistance - infants, elderly people, and people
with disabilities. Elderly people and people with disabilities may require additional
assistance. People who care for them or who have large families may need additional
assistance in emergency situations.
o
Look for and report broken utility lines and damaged roadways and railways to
appropriate authorities. Reporting potential hazards will get the utilities turned off as
quickly as possible, preventing further hazard and injury.
o
Seek advice from a geotechnical expert for evaluating landslide hazards or designing
corrective techniques to reduce landslide risk. A professional will be able to advise you
of the best ways to prevent or reduce landslide risk, without creating further hazard.
87
Persons Consulted in Plan Preparation
88
Annexure
Annexe 22
Multi Stakeholders Consultation Workshop

for Punjab DRM Plan
To finalize the Provincial Disaster Risk Management Plan for Punjab, the first draft of this plan was
shared and discussed in detail during a Multi Stakeholders Consultation Workshop. Among other
provincial and district officers and civil society representatives, the following were also part of the
consultation workshop:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Ijaz Nisar
Salman Siddique
Najib Ullah Malik
Brig Syed Muzaffar Ali
Dr. Rizwan Naseer
Ch. Mohammad Azam
M. Zafar Iqbal
Zubair Murshed
Irfan Maqbool
Chief Minister (Caretaker), Punjab

Chief Secretary, Punjab
Additional Chief Secretary, Punjab
Chairman, PDMA
Director General, Rescue - 1122
Director General, PDMA
Assistant Resident Representative, UNDP
Disaster Reduction Advisor, NDMA
Training Coordinator, NDMA
89

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Disaster Risk Management Plan: Punjab

48/8, Lawrence Road, Lahore

Disaster Risk Management Plan

Provincial Disaster Management Authority

Copyright 2008 Provincial Disaster Management Authority, Punjab

National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)

Conceptualized & Supervised by:

Mr. Zubair Murshed

Mr. Irfan Maqbool & Mr. Thomas Nyambane

Reviewed & Edited by:

Mr. Shalim Kamran Dost

Gul Awan Printers, Islamabad Ph: 051-2873702

The Plan is available from:

National Disaster Management Authority

United Nations Development Program

The Plan can also be downloaded from:

Chapter 1 Profile of Punjab Province

Chapter 2 Disaster Risks in Punjab

Common Hazards in Punjab

Chapter 3 Priority Strategies for Disaster Risk Management

Strategies for Disaster Risk Management

Disaster Risk Management Institutions

Provincial Disaster Management Commission (PDMC)

Roles and Responsibilities of Stakeholders

Provincial Disaster Management Authority (PDMA)

Standard Operating Procedures

Standard Operating Procedures for Varying Emergency Levels

Provincial Emergency Operations Centre (PEOC)

Simulations and Drills

Responsibility for Organizing the Drills

Main Hazard Prone Districts in Punjab Province

Message from the Chief Minister Punjab

Mian Shahbaz Sharif

Message from the Chief Secretary Punjab

Message from the Chairman

National Disaster Management Authority

Community Based Organizations

Vision, Mission and Objectives

To promote dialogue, collaboration and coordination among stakeholders involved in early

To advocate the promotion and establishment of emergency funds to support response,

Basic Terms & Concepts used in

Disaster Risk Management (DRM)

Disaster risk reduction/disaster reduction

Retrofitting (or upgrading)

Structural / non-structural measures

Profile of Punjab Province

Profile of Punjab Province

Weather and Climate

Disaster Risk in Punjab

Disaster Risks in Punjab

Flood Categories in Punjab

Disaster Risk in Punjab

Watch till elevation rises to

Travel Time of Flood Waters

Source: Metrological Department

Flood Vulnerable Districts in Punjab

Disaster Risk in Punjab

Breaching Sections in Punjab

No. of Villages Likely

Source: The Irrigation & Power Department, The Punjab

Vulnerable Sites to Floods in Punjab

High Flood Discharge

Disaster Risk in Punjab

Drought affected areas in Pakistan