Learn English Online

World Class Learning will help you to improve your english skills. Learning english should
be ones hobby. There are many ways of improving your skills. We have covered many
topics of English Grammar which will help you a lot in your journey. While preparing
tutorial we kept in mind student whose English is second Language (ESL) and English as
foreign Langauge (EFL).

Parts of Speech

English Grammar

1) Noun

Plural Nouns

2) Pronoun
3) Learn English Verbs

Learn Verbs in all the three forms

1000 Verbs with its forms

200 Irregular Verbs with its forms

Phrasal verb
o

See Multi-word verb

Phrasal-prepositional verb
o

Multi-word verb

Phrasal Verbs A-Z

Auxiliaries

4) Adverb
5) Adjective

Degree of Comparison

6) Preposition
7) Conjunction
8) Interjection

NOUNS
1) Noun

A noun is a word used to identify any of a class to people, places, or thing animals, objects, substances, states,
events and feelings.
Nouns can be a subject or an object of a verb, can be modified by an adjective and can take an article or
determiner.

There are six distinct groups of nouns.

1) Common Nouns
It is a word that speaks of something only in a general way like books, person. Common Nouns can be written
in singular form or plural.
Common Nouns are not capitalised.
2) Proper Nouns
Proper Nouns name a very specific person, place or a thing. Proper Nouns always begin with a capital letter. For
Example : Madam Curie, Steve Jobs, London.
3) Concrete Nouns
Concrete Nouns is something that appeals to our senses. Any noun that we can experience or identify through
one of our five senses (taste, touch, smell, see & hear)
For instance: Doughnut, Trees, Animals.
4) Abstract Nouns
On the contrary, Abstract Noun is a noun which cannot be identified by our five senses.
For Example: Intelligence, Stupidity, Anger
5) Collective Nouns
Collective Nouns are words used to name people, places and things in terms of Unit. They are naming words
used for many animals, things, person and places taken together as units. For Instance: class, flock, heard &
family etc.

6) Compound Nouns
New words can be formed by combining two or more words, thus creating a compound word.
For Example: Well-being, already

Plural Nouns
For the plural form of most nouns, add s.
Regular Nouns

bottle bottles

cup cups

elephant - elephants

pencil pencils

desk desks

sticker stickers

table - tables

truck - trucks

window windows

Irregular Nouns
For nouns that end in ch, x, s, is or s sounds, add es.

box boxes

cross - crosses

loss - losses

watch watches

mass masses

bus buses

analysis - analyses

crisis - crises

For nouns ending in f or fe, change f to v and add es.

wolf wolves

wife wives

leaf leaves

life lives

thief - thieves

shelf - shelves

For nouns ending in o, change to oes.

echo echoes

hero heroes

tomato tomatoes

But o change to os

auto - autos

kangaroo - kangaroos

kilo - kilos

memo - memos

photo - photos

piano - pianos

pimento - pimentos

pro - pros

radio radios

solo - solos

soprano - sopranos

studio - studios

tattoo - tattoos

video - videos

zoo - zoos

Some nouns have different plural forms.

child children

woman women

man men

mouse mice

goose geese

Nouns ending in vowels like y or o do not have definite rules.

baby babies

toy toys

kidney kidneys

potato potatoes

memo memos

stereo stereos

criterion - criteria

phenomenon - phenomena

A few nouns have the same singular and plural forms.

sheep sheep

deer deer

series series

species species

PRONOUN
Pronoun takes the place of, or refer to, a specific noun in a sentence.
Categories and Cases
1. Personal Pronouns
Personal Pronouns can refer to the speaker/speakers (first person) or those being spoken to (second
person), or those who are spoken about (third person).

PRONOUN

Subjective Case Personal Pronouns

First Person
Second Person
Singular
I
you
Plural
we
you

Objective case pronouns are used as objects in a sentence.

Third Person
he,she,it
they

Objective Case Personal Pronouns

First Person
Second Person
Third Person
Singular
me
you
him, her, it
Plural
us
you
them

Personal pronouns can also show possession - to whom something belongs.

Possessive Case Personal Pronouns
First Person
Second Person
my, mine
your, yours
our, ours
your, yours

Third Person
Singular
his, her, hers, its
Plural
their, theirs

2. Reflexive Pronouns

Reflexive pronouns are used to show a subject performing some kind of action upon itself. Reflexive
pronouns can act only as objects in a sentence never as subjects.
Reflexive Case Personal Pronouns
First Person
Second Person
Third Person
Singular
myself
yourself
himself, herself, itself
Plural
ourselves
yourselves
themselves

3. Demonstrative Pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns refer to things in relation to number and distance.

Demonstrative Case Personal Pronouns
Near
Far
Singular
This
That
Plural
These
Those

4. Indefinite Pronouns

Indefinite Pronouns can refer to unspecified people, places or things.

Singular
Plural
Both ( Singluar/Plural)
another
anyone
no one
both
all
anybody
anything
nobody
few
most
everyone
everybody
one
many
none
each
either
somebody
something

5. Distributive Pronouns

Distributive Pronoun refers to the members of the representative group and are called distributive
forms.

Each, everyone, either and neither are the distributive forms.

6. Interrogative Pronouns

Interrogative Pronouns are pronouns that begin questions : who, whom, whose, which and what.

7. Relative Pronouns

Relative Pronoun are that, which, who and whom - which relate to another noun that precedes it in
the sentence.

English - Verbs
A verb is a word that used to denote an action, the condition of the subject or what is possessed by the
subject.

Object of a Verb
If we ask what or whom after the verb, the answer we get is the object of the verb.
Kinds of Verbs
1) Transitive Verb
A verb which requires an object to complete its meaning is called a Transitive Verb.
2) Intrasitive Verb
A verb which does not require an object to complete its meaning, but makes good sense by itself, is called an
intransitive verb.
3) Incomplete Predication
Transitive and intransitive verbs which need the help of some word or words to complete the sense of the
sentences are called verbs of incomplete predication.

English - Auxiliaries
am, is, are, was, were, do, does, did, have, has, had are called Primary Auxiliaries.
Will, shall, would, should, can, could, may, might, ought to, must, need are called Modal Auxiliaries.
The Primary Auxiliaries can be used as helping verbs as well as principal verbs.
The Modal Auxiliaries are always used as helping verbs. In other words they cannot be used as Principal
verbs.
Eg.,
Am
I am a software professional.
I am working for Wipro.
In the above first sentence am was used as a principal verb and in the second it was used as a helping verb.
Is
He is a doctor.
He is performing a surgery at the movement.

Are
We are students of Hansraj College.
We are participating in a football tournament here.
Was
Kalidasa was a great poet.
Gopal was riding a bi-cycle when he was hit by a scooter.
Were
They were my classmates in Dehradun.
They were going to Goa when their train met with an accident.
Have
I have many grammar books at home.
I have read all of them.
Has
He has a laptop with him.
He has put it in his briefcase.
Had
I had a beautiful pen.
I had bought it in 2004.
Do
They do their work sincerely.
They do not go home before 8 pm.
Does
He does his work efficiently.
He does not waste even a single minute.
Did
She did her job.
Did she come to office yesterday?
Modal Auxiliaries
Modal Auxiliaries can only be used as a helping verb.
Will It is used to express intention. It is normally used in future tense.
We will go to Jaisalmer next week.
They will visit our place in February.
Will they accompany you for lunch?
Would It is the past form of will.
He would complete his work by this time tomorrow.
She would be going for her dance classes from next week.
Would you like to have a glass of water?
Shall
Shall I take leave tomorrow?
Shall we go on a picnic next week?
Shall we have coffee in CP?
Should
You should pay attention in the class.
Should I accompany her to her house?
You should drink two glasses of water daily in the morning.
May It is used to indicate possibility.
I may come to your house tomorrow.
It may rain in the evening.
Government may hike the price of petrol and diesel.
May I borrow your book for a couple of days?
Might It is the past form of may and is used to express less certain situations.
I might take a leave tomorrow.
Dad might come to office the day after tomorrow.
Mid term elections might be announced in mid March.

1000 English Verbs Forms

Proper use of verbs is very important to speak and write correct English. Every verb has three forms (Base
Form, Past Form, Past Participle Form) followed by its ing form. We are presenting you verb list in a easy to
learn form. It has been segregated as follows :

Following is the list of Verbs in it's forms

S.No.

Base Form

Past Form

Past Participle Form

s / es/ ies

ing form

abash

abashed

abashed

abashes

abashing

abate

abated

abated

abates

abating

abide

abode

abode

abides

abiding

absorb

absorbed

absorbed

absorbs

absorbing

accept

accepted

accepted

accepts

accepting

accompany

accompanied

accompanied

accompanies

accompanying

ache

ached

ached

aches

aching

achieve

achieved

achieved

achieves

achieving

acquire

acquired

acquired

acquires

acquiring

10

act

acted

acted

acts

acting

11

add

added

added

adds

adding

12

address

addressed

addressed

addresses

addressing

13

adjust

adjusted

adjusted

adjusts

adjusting

14

admire

admired

admired

admires

admiring

15

admit

admitted

admitted

admits

admitting

16

advise

advised

advised

advises

advising

17

afford

afforded

afforded

affords

affording

18

agree

agreed

agreed

agrees

agreeing

19

alight

alit

alit

alights

alighting

20

allow

allowed

allowed

allows

allowing

21

animate

animated

animated

animates

animating

22

announce

announced

announced

announces

announcing

23

answer

answered

answered

answers

answering

24

apologize

apologized

apologized

apologizes

apologizing

25

appear

appeared

appeared

appears

appearing

26

applaud

applauded

applauded

applauds

applauding

27

apply

applied

applied

applies

applying

28

approach

approached

approached

approaches

approaching

29

approve

approved

approved

approves

approving

30

argue

argued

argued

argues

arguing

31

arise

arose

arisen

arises

arising

32

arrange

arranged

arranged

arranges

arranging

33

arrest

arrested

arrested

arrests

arresting

34

ask

asked

asked

asks

asking

35

assert

asserted

asserted

asserts

asserting

36

assort

assorted

assorted

assorts

assorting

37

astonish

astonished

astonished

astonishes

astonishing

38

attack

attacked

attacked

attacks

attacking

39

attend

attended

attended

attends

attending

40

attract

attracted

attracted

attracts

attracting

41

audit

audited

audited

audits

auditing

42

avoid

avoided

avoided

avoids

avoiding

43

awake

awoke

awoken

awakes

awaking

44

bang

banged

banged

bangs

banging

45

banish

banished

banished

banishes

banishing

46

bash

bashed

bashed

bashes

bashing

47

bat

batted

batted

bats

batting

48

be (am,are)

was / were

been

is

being

49

bear

bore

born

bears

bearing

50

bear

bore

borne

bears

bearing

51

beat

beat

beaten

beats

beating

52

beautify

beautified

beautified

beautifies

beautifying

53

become

became

become

becomes

becoming

54

befall

befell

befallen

befalls

befalling

55

beg

begged

begged

begs

begging

56

begin

began

begun

begins

beginning

57

behave

behaved

behaved

behaves

behaving

58

behold

beheld

beheld

beholds

beholding

59

believe

believed

believed

believes

believing

60

belong

belonged

belonged

belongs

belonging

61

bend

bent

bent

bends

bending

62

bereave

bereft

bereft

bereaves

bereaving

63

beseech

besought

besought

beseeches

beseeching

64

bet

bet

bet

bets

betting

65

betray

betrayed

betrayed

betrays

betraying

66

bid

bade

bidden

bids

bidding

67

bid

bid

bid

bids

bidding

68

bind

bound

bound

binds

binding

69

bite

bit

bitten

bites

biting

70

bleed

bled

bled

bleeds

bleeding

71

bless

blessed

blessed

blesses

blessing

72

blossom

blossomed

blossomed

blossoms

blossoming

73

blow

blew

blown

blows

blowing

74

blur

blurred

blurred

blurs

blurring

75

blush

blushed

blushed

blushes

blushing

76

board

boarded

boarded

boards

boarding

77

boast

boasted

boasted

boasts

boasting

78

boil

boiled

boiled

boils

boiling

79

bow

bowed

bowed

bows

bowing

80

box

boxed

boxed

boxes

boxing

81

bray

brayed

brayed

brays

braying

82

break

broke

broken

breaks

breaking

83

breathe

breathed

breathed

breathes

breathing

84

breed

bred

bred

breeds

breeding

85

bring

brought

brought

brings

bringing

86

broadcast

broadcast

broadcast

broadcasts

broadcasting

87

brush

brushed

brushed

brushes

brushing

88

build

built

built

builds

building

89

burn

burnt

burnt

burns

burning

90

burst

burst

burst

bursts

bursting

91

bury

buried

buried

buries

burying

92

bust

bust

bust

busts

busting

93

buy

bought

bought

buys

buying

94

buzz

buzzed

buzzed

buzzes

buzzing

95

calculate

calculated

calculated

calculates

calculating

96

call

called

called

calls

calling

97

canvass

canvassed

canvassed

canvasses

canvassing

98

capture

captured

captured

captures

capturing

99

caress

caressed

caressed

caresses

caressing

100

carry

carried

carried

carries

carrying

101

carve

carved

carved

carves

carving

102

cash

cashed

cashed

cashes

cashing

103

cast

cast

cast

casts

casting

104

catch

caught

caught

catches

catching

105

cause

caused

caused

causes

causing

106

cease

ceased

ceased

ceases

ceasing

107

celebrate

celebrated

celebrated

celebrates

celebrating

108

challenge

challenged

challenged

challenges

challenging

109

change

changed

changed

changes

changing

110

charge

charged

charged

charges

charging

111

chase

chased

chased

chases

chasing

112

chat

chatted

chatted

chats

chatting

113

check

checked

checked

checks

checking

114

cheer

cheered

cheered

cheers

cheering

115

chew

chewed

chewed

chews

chewing

116

chide

chid

chid/chidden

chides

chiding

117

chip

chipped

chipped

chips

chipping

118

choke

choked

choked

chokes

choking

119

choose

chose

chosen

chooses

choosing

120

classify

classified

classified

classifies

classifying

121

clean

cleaned

cleaned

cleans

cleaning

122

cleave

clove/cleft

cloven/cleft

cleaves

cleaving

123

click

clicked

clicked

clicks

clicking

124

climb

climbed

climbed

climbs

climbing

125

cling

clung

clung

clings

clinging

126

close

closed

closed

closes

closing

127

clothe

clad

clad

clothes

clothing

128

clutch

clutched

clutched

clutches

clutching

129

collapse

collapsed

collapsed

collapses

collapsing

130

collect

collected

collected

collects

collecting

131

colour

coloured

coloured

colours

colouring

132

come

came

come

comes

coming

133

comment

commented

commented

comments

commenting

134

compare

compared

compared

compares

comparing

135

compel

compelled

compelled

compels

compelling

136

compete

competed

competed

competes

competing

137

complain

complained

complained

complains

complaining

138

complete

completed

completed

completes

completing

139

conclude

concluded

concluded

concludes

concluding

140

conduct

conducted

conducted

conducts

conducting

141

confess

confessed

confessed

confesses

confessing

142

confine

confined

confined

confines

confining

143

confiscate

confiscated

confiscated

confiscates

confiscating

144

confuse

confused

confused

confuses

confusing

145

congratulate

congratulated

congratulated

congratulates

congratulating

146

connect

connected

connected

connects

connecting

147

connote

connoted

connoted

connotes

connoting

148

conquer

conquered

conquered

conquers

conquering

149

consecrate

consecrated

consecrated

consecrates

consecrating

150

consent

consented

consented

consents

consenting

151

conserve

conserved

conserved

conserves

conserving

152

consider

considered

considered

considers

considering

153

consign

consigned

consigned

consigns

consigning

154

consist

consisted

consisted

consists

consisting

155

console

consoled

consoled

consoles

consoling

156

consort

consorted

consorted

consorts

consorting

157

conspire

conspired

conspired

conspires

conspiring

158

constitute

constituted

constituted

constitutes

constituting

159

constrain

constrained

constrained

constrains

constraining

160

construct

constructed

constructed

constructs

constructing

161

construe

construed

construed

construes

construing

162

consult

consulted

consulted

consults

consulting

163

contain

contained

contained

contains

containing

164

contemn

contemned

contemned

contemns

contemning

165

contend

contended

contended

contends

contending

166

contest

contested

contested

contests

contesting

167

continue

continued

continued

continues

continuing

168

contract

contracted

contracted

contracts

contracting

169

contradict

contradicted

contradicted

contradicts

contradicting

170

contrast

contrasted

contrasted

contrasts

contrasting

171

contribute

contributed

contributed

contributes

contributing

172

contrive

contrived

contrived

contrives

contriving

173

control

controlled

controlled

controls

controlling

174

convene

convened

convened

convenes

convening

175

converge

converged

converged

converges

converging

176

converse

conversed

conversed

converses

conversing

177

convert

converted

converted

converts

converting

178

convey

conveyed

conveyed

conveys

conveying

179

convict

convicted

convicted

convicts

convicting

180

convince

convinced

convinced

convinces

convincing

181

coo

cooed

cooed

coos

cooing

182

cook

cooked

cooked

cooks

cooking

183

cool

cooled

cooled

cools

cooling

184

co-operate

co-operated

co-operated

co-operates

co-operating

185

cope

coped

cope

copes

coping

186

copy

copied

copied

copies

copying

187

correct

corrected

corrected

corrects

correcting

188

correspond

corresponded

corresponded

corresponds

corresponding

189

corrode

corroded

corroded

corrodes

corroding

190

corrupt

corrupted

corrupted

corrupts

corrupting

191

cost

cost

cost

costs

costing

192

cough

coughed

coughed

coughs

coughing

193

counsel

counselled

counselled

counsels

counselling

194

count

counted

counted

counts

counting

195

course

coursed

coursed

courses

coursing

196

cover

covered

covered

covers

covering

197

cower

cowered

cowered

cowers

cowering

198

crack

cracked

cracked

cracks

cracking

199

crackle

crackled

crackled

crackles

crackling

200

crash

crashed

crashed

crashes

crashing

201

crave

craved

craved

craves

craving

202

create

created

created

creates

creating

203

creep

crept

crept

creeps

creeping

204

crib

cribbed

cribbed

cribs

cribbing

205

cross

crossed

crossed

crosses

crossing

206

crowd

crowded

crowded

crowds

crowding

207

crush

crushed

crushed

crushes

crushing

208

cry

cried

cried

cries

crying

209

curb

curbed

curbed

curbs

curbing

210

cure

cured

cured

cures

curing

211

curve

curved

curved

curves

curving

212

cut

cut

cut

cuts

cutting

213

cycle

cycled

cycled

cycles

cycling

214

damage

damaged

damaged

damages

damaging

215

damp

damped

damped

damps

damping

216

dance

danced

danced

dances

dancing

217

dare

dared

dared

dares

daring

218

dash

dashed

dashed

dashes

dashing

219

dazzle

dazzled

dazzled

dazzles

dazzling

220

deal

dealt

dealt

deals

dealing

221

decay

decayed

decayed

decays

decaying

222

decide

decided

decided

decides

deciding

223

declare

declared

declared

declares

declaring

224

decorate

decorated

decorated

decorates

decorating

225

decrease

decreased

decreased

decreases

decreasing

226

dedicate

dedicated

dedicated

dedicates

dedicating

227

delay

delayed

delayed

delays

delaying

228

delete

deleted

deleted

deletes

deleting

229

deny

denied

denied

denies

denying

230

depend

depended

depended

depends

depending

231

deprive

deprived

deprived

deprives

depriving

232

derive

derived

derived

derives

deriving

233

describe

described

described

describes

describing

234

desire

desired

desired

desires

desiring

235

destroy

destroyed

destroyed

destroys

destroying

236

detach

detached

detached

detaches

detaching

237

detect

detected

detected

detects

detecting

238

determine

determined

determined

determines

determining

239

develop

developed

developed

develops

developing

240

die

died

died

dies

dying

241

differ

differed

differed

differs

differing

242

dig

dug

dug

digs

digging

243

digest

digested

digested

digests

digesting

244

dim

dimmed

dimmed

dims

dimming

245

diminish

diminished

diminished

diminishes

diminishing

246

dine

dined

dined

dines

dining

247

dip

dipped

dipped

dips

dipping

248

direct

directed

directed

directs

directing

249

disappear

disappeared

disappeared

disappears

disappearing

250

discover

discovered

discovered

discovers

discovering

251

discuss

discussed

discussed

discusses

discussing

252

disobey

disobeyed

disobeyed

disobeys

disobeying

253

display

displayed

displayed

displays

displaying

254

dispose

disposed

disposed

disposes

disposing

255

distribute

distributed

distributed

distributes

distributing

256

disturb

disturbed

disturbed

disturbs

disturbing

257

disuse

disused

disused

disuses

disusing

258

dive

dived

dived

dives

diving

259

divide

divided

divided

divides

dividing

260

do

did

done

does

doing

261

donate

donated

donated

donates

donating

262

download

downloaded

downloaded

downloads

downloading

263

drag

dragged

dragged

drags

dragging

264

draw

drew

drawn

draws

drawing

265

dream

dreamt

dreamt

dreams

dreaming

266

dress

dressed

dressed

dresses

dressing

267

drill

drilled

drilled

drills

drilling

268

drink

drank

drunk

drinks

drinking

269

drive

drove

driven

drives

driving

270

drop

dropped

dropped

drops

dropping

271

dry

dried

dried

dries

drying

272

dump

dumped

dumped

dumps

dumping

273

dwell

dwelt

dwelt

dwells

dwelling

274

dye

dyed

dyed

dyes

dyeing

275

earn

earned

earned

earns

earning

276

eat

ate

eaten

eats

eating

277

educate

educated

educated

educates

educating

278

empower

empowered

empowered

empowers

empowering

279

empty

emptied

emptied

empties

emptying

280

encircle

encircled

encircled

encircles

encircling

281

encourage

encouraged

encouraged

encourages

encouraging

282

encroach

encroached

encroached

encroaches

encroaching

283

endanger

endangered

endangered

endangers

entangling

284

endorse

endorsed

endorsed

endorses

endorsing

285

endure

endured

endured

endures

enduring

286

engrave

engraved

engraved

engraves

engraving

287

enjoy

enjoyed

enjoyed

enjoys

enjoying

288

enlarge

enlarged

enlarged

enlarges

enlarging

289

enlighten

enlightened

enlightened

enlightens

enlightening

290

enter

entered

entered

enters

entering

291

envy

envied

envied

envies

envying

292

erase

erased

erased

erases

erasing

293

escape

escaped

escaped

escapes

escaping

294

evaporate

evaporated

evaporated

evaporates

evaporating

295

exchange

exchanged

exchanged

exchanges

exchanging

296

exclaim

exclaimed

exclaimed

exclaims

exclaiming

297

exclude

excluded

excluded

excludes

excluding

298

exist

existed

existed

exists

existing

299

expand

expanded

expanded

expands

expanding

300

expect

expected

expected

expects

expecting

301

explain

explained

explained

explains

explaining

302

explore

explored

explored

explores

exploring

303

express

expressed

expressed

expresses

expressing

304

extend

extended

extended

extends

extending

305

eye

eyed

eyed

eyes

eyeing

306

face

faced

faced

faces

facing

307

fail

failed

failed

fails

failing

308

faint

fainted

fainted

faints

fainting

309

fall

fell

fallen

falls

falling

310

fan

fanned

fanned

fans

fanning

311

fancy

fancied

fancied

fancies

fancying

312

favour

favoured

favoured

favours

favouring

313

fax

faxed

faxed

faxes

faxing

314

feed

fed

fed

feeds

feeding

315

feel

felt

felt

feels

feeling

316

ferry

ferried

ferried

ferries

ferrying

317

fetch

fetched

fetched

fetches

fetching

318

fight

fought

fought

fights

fighting

319

fill

filled

filled

fills

filling

320

find

found

found

finds

finding

321

finish

finished

finished

finishes

finishing

322

fish

fished

fished

fishes

fishing

323

fit

fit/fitted

fit/fitted

fits

fitting

324

fix

fixed

fixed

fixes

fixing

325

fizz

fizzed

fizzed

fizzes

fizzing

326

flap

flapped

flapped

flaps

flapping

327

flash

flashed

flashed

flashes

flashing

328

flee

fled

fled

flees

fleeing

329

fling

flung

flung

flings

flinging

330

float

floated

floated

floats

floating

331

flop

flopped

flopped

flops

flopping

332

fly

flew

flown

flies

flying

333

fold

folded

folded

folds

folding

334

follow

followed

followed

follows

following

335

forbid

forbade

forbidden

forbids

forbidding

336

force

forced

forced

forces

forcing

337

forecast

forecast

forecast

forecasts

forecasting

338

foretell

foretold

foretold

foretells

foretelling

339

forget

forgot

forgotten

forgets

forgetting

340

forgive

forgave

forgiven

forgives

forgiving

341

forlese

forlore

forlorn

forlese

forlesing

342

form

formed

formed

forms

forming

343

forsake

forsook

forsaken

forsakes

forsaking

344

found

founded

founded

founds

founding

345

frame

framed

framed

frames

framing

346

free

freed

freed

frees

freeing

347

freeze

froze

frozen

freezes

freezing

348

frighten

frightened

frightened

frightens

frightening

349

fry

fried

fried

fries

frying

350

fulfil

fulfilled

fulfilled

fulfils

fulfilling

351

gag

gagged

gagged

gags

gagging

352

gain

gained

gained

gains

gaining

353

gainsay

gainsaid

gainsaid

gainsays

gainsaying

354

gash

gashed

gashed

gashes

gashing

355

gaze

gazed

gazed

gazes

gazing

356

get

got

got

gets

getting

357

give

gave

given

gives

giving

358

glance

glanced

glanced

glances

glancing

359

glitter

glittered

glittered

glitters

glittering

360

glow

glowed

glowed

glows

glowing

361

go

went

gone

goes

going

362

google

googled

googled

googles

googling

363

govern

governed

governed

governs

governing

364

grab

grabbed

grabbed

grabs

grabbing

365

grade

graded

graded

grades

grading

366

grant

granted

granted

grants

granting

367

greet

greeted

greeted

greets

greeting

368

grind

ground

ground

grinds

grinding

369

grip

gripped

gripped

grips

gripping

370

grow

grew

grown

grows

growing

371

guard

guarded

guarded

guards

guarding

372

guess

guessed

guessed

guesses

guessing

373

guide

guided

guided

guides

guiding

374

handle

handled

handled

handles

handling

375

hang

hung

hung

hangs

hanging

376

happen

happened

happened

happens

happening

377

harm

harmed

harmed

harms

harming

378

hatch

hatched

hatched

hatches

hatching

379

hate

hated

hated

hates

hating

380

have

had

had

has

having

381

heal

healed

healed

heals

healing

382

hear

heard

heard

hears

hearing

383

heave

hove

hove

heaves

heaving

384

help

helped

helped

helps

helping

385

hew

hewed

hewn

hews

hewing

386

hide

hid

hidden

hides

hiding

387

hinder

hindered

hindered

hinders

hindering

388

hiss

hissed

hissed

hisses

hissing

389

hit

hit

hit

hits

hitting

390

hoax

hoaxed

hoaxed

hoaxes

hoaxing

391

hold

held

held

holds

holding

392

hop

hopped

hopped

hops

hopping

393

hope

hoped

hoped

hopes

hoping

394

horrify

horrified

horrified

horrifies

horrifying

395

hug

hugged

hugged

hugs

hugging

396

hum

hummed

hummed

hums

humming

397

humiliate

humiliated

humiliated

humiliates

humiliating

398

hunt

hunted

hunted

hunts

hunting

399

hurl

hurled

hurled

hurls

hurling

400

hurry

hurried

hurried

hurries

hurrying

401

hurt

hurt

hurt

hurts

hurting

402

hush

hushed

hushed

hushes

hushing

403

hustle

hustled

hustled

hustles

hustling

404

hypnotize

hypnotized

hypnotized

hypnotizes

hypnotizing

405

idealize

idealized

idealized

idealizes

idealizing

406

identify

identified

identified

identifies

identifying

407

idolize

idolized

idolized

idolizes

idolizing

408

ignite

ignited

ignited

ignites

igniting

409

ignore

ignored

ignored

ignores

ignoring

410

ill-treat

ill-treated

ill-treated

ill-treats

ill-treating

411

illuminate

illuminated

illuminated

illuminates

illuminating

412

illumine

illumined

illumined

illumines

illumining

413

illustrate

illustrated

illustrated

illustrates

illustrating

414

imagine

imagined

imagined

imagines

imagining

415

imbibe

imbibed

imbibed

imbibes

imbibing

416

imitate

imitated

imitated

imitates

imitating

417

immerse

immersed

immersed

immerses

immersing

418

immolate

immolated

immolated

immolates

immolating

419

immure

immured

immured

immures

immuring

420

impair

impaired

impaired

impairs

impairing

421

impart

imparted

imparted

imparts

imparting

422

impeach

impeached

impeached

impeaches

impeaching

423

impede

impeded

impeded

impedes

impeding

424

impel

impelled

impelled

impels

impelling

425

impend

impended

impended

impends

impending

426

imperil

imperilled

imperilled

imperils

imperilling

427

impinge

impinged

impinged

impinges

impinging

428

implant

implanted

implanted

implants

implanting

429

implicate

implicated

implicated

implicates

implicating

430

implode

imploded

imploded

implodes

imploding

431

implore

implored

implored

implores

imploring

432

imply

implied

implied

implies

implying

433

import

imported

imported

imports

importing

434

impose

imposed

imposed

imposes

imposing

435

impress

impressed

impressed

impresses

impressing

436

imprint

imprinted

imprinted

imprints

imprinting

437

imprison

imprisoned

imprisoned

imprisons

imprisoning

438

improve

improved

improved

improves

improving

439

inaugurate

inaugurated

inaugurated

inaugurates

inaugurating

440

incise

incised

incised

incises

incising

441

include

included

included

includes

including

442

increase

increased

increased

increases

increasing

443

inculcate

inculcated

inculcated

inculcates

inculcating

444

indent

indented

indented

indents

indenting

445

indicate

indicated

indicated

indicates

indicating

446

induce

induced

induced

induces

inducing

447

indulge

indulged

indulged

indulges

indulging

448

infect

infected

infected

infects

infecting

449

infest

infested

infested

infests

infesting

450

inflame

inflamed

inflamed

inflames

inflaming

451

inflate

inflated

inflated

inflates

inflating

452

inflect

inflected

inflected

inflects

inflecting

453

inform

informed

informed

informs

informing

454

infringe

infringed

infringed

infringes

infringing

455

infuse

infused

infused

infuses

infusing

456

ingest

ingested

ingested

ingests

ingesting

457

inhabit

inhabited

inhabited

inhabits

inhabiting

458

inhale

inhaled

inhaled

inhales

inhaling

459

inherit

inherited

inherited

inherits

inheriting

460

initiate

initiated

initiated

initiates

initiating

461

inject

injected

injected

injects

injecting

462

injure

injured

injured

injures

injuring

463

inlay

inlaid

inlaid

inlays

inlaying

464

innovate

innovated

innovated

innovates

innovating

465

input

input

input

inputs

inputting

466

inquire

inquired

inquired

inquires

inquiring

467

inscribe

inscribed

inscribed

inscribes

inscribing

468

insert

inserted

inserted

inserts

inserting

469

inspect

inspected

inspected

inspects

inspecting

470

inspire

inspired

inspired

inspires

inspiring

471

install

installed

installed

installs

installing

472

insult

insulted

insulted

insults

insulting

473

insure

insured

insured

insures

insuring

474

integrate

integrated

integrated

integrates

integrating

475

introduce

introduced

introduced

introduces

introducing

476

invent

invented

invented

invents

inventing

477

invite

invited

invited

invites

inviting

478

join

joined

joined

joins

joining

479

jump

jumped

jumped

jumps

jumping

480

justify

justified

justified

justifies

justifying

481

keep

kept

kept

keeps

keeping

482

kick

kicked

kicked

kicks

kicking

483

kid

kidded

kidded

kids

kidding

484

kill

killed

killed

kills

killing

485

kiss

kissed

kissed

kisses

kissing

486

kneel

knelt

knelt

kneels

kneeling

487

knit

knit

knit

knits

knitting

488

knock

knocked

knocked

knocks

knocking

489

know

knew

known

knows

knowing

490

lade

laded

laden

lades

lading

491

land

landed

landed

lands

landing

492

last

lasted

lasted

lasts

lasting

493

latch

latched

latched

latches

latching

494

laugh

laughed

laughed

laughs

laughing

495

lay

laid

laid

lays

laying

496

lead

led

led

leads

leading

497

leak

leaked

leaked

leaks

leaking

498

lean

leant

leant

leans

leaning

499

leap

leapt

leapt

leaps

leaping

500

learn

learnt

learnt

learns

learning

501

leave

left

left

leaves

leaving

502

leer

leered

leered

leers

leering

503

lend

lent

lent

lends

lending

504

let

let

let

lets

letting

505

lick

licked

licked

licks

licking

506

lie

lay

lain

lies

lying

507

lie

lied

lied

lies

lying

508

lift

lifted

lifted

lifts

lifting

509

light

lit

lit

lights

lighting

510

like

liked

liked

likes

liking

511

limp

limped

limped

limps

limping

512

listen

listened

listened

listens

listening

513

live

lived

lived

lives

living

514

look

looked

looked

looks

looking

515

lose

lost

lost

loses

losing

516

love

loved

loved

loves

loving

517

magnify

magnified

magnified

magnifies

magnifying

518

maintain

maintained

maintained

maintains

maintaining

519

make

made

made

makes

making

520

manage

managed

managed

manages

managing

521

march

marched

marched

marches

marching

522

mark

marked

marked

marks

marking

523

marry

married

married

marries

marrying

524

mash

mashed

mashed

mashes

mashing

525

match

matched

matched

matches

matching

526

matter

mattered

mattered

matters

mattering

527

mean

meant

meant

means

meaning

528

measure

measured

measured

measures

measuring

529

meet

met

met

meets

meeting

530

melt

melted

melted

melts

melting

531

merge

merged

merged

merges

merging

532

mew

mewed

mewed

mews

mewing

533

migrate

migrated

migrated

migrates

migrating

534

milk

milked

milked

milks

milking

535

mind

minded

minded

minds

minding

536

mislead

misled

misled

misleads

misleading

537

miss

missed

missed

misses

missing

538

mistake

mistook

mistaken

mistakes

mistaking

539

misuse

misused

misused

misuses

misusing

540

mix

mixed

mixed

mixes

mixing

541

moan

moaned

moaned

moans

moaning

542

modify

modified

modified

modifies

modifying

543

moo

mooed

mooed

moos

mooing

544

motivate

motivated

motivated

motivates

motivating

545

mould

moulded

moulded

moulds

moulding

546

moult

moulted

moulted

moults

moulting

547

move

moved

moved

moves

moving

548

mow

mowed

mown

mows

mowing

549

multiply

multiplied

multiplied

multiplies

multiplying

550

murmur

murmured

murmured

murmurs

murmuring

551

nail

nailed

nailed

nails

nailing

552

nap

napped

napped

naps

napping

553

need

needed

needed

needs

needing

554

neglect

neglected

neglected

neglects

neglecting

555

nip

nipped

nipped

nips

nipping

556

nod

nodded

nodded

nods

nodding

557

note

noted

noted

notes

noting

558

notice

noticed

noticed

notices

noticing

559

notify

notified

notified

notifies

notifying

560

nourish

nourished

nourished

nourishes

nourishing

561

nurse

nursed

nursed

nurses

nursing

562

obey

obeyed

obeyed

obeys

obeying

563

oblige

obliged

obliged

obliges

obliging

564

observe

observed

observed

observes

observing

565

obstruct

obstructed

obstructed

obstructs

obstructing

566

obtain

obtained

obtained

obtains

obtaining

567

occupy

occupied

occupied

occupies

occupying

568

occur

occurred

occurred

occurs

occurring

569

offer

offered

offered

offers

offering

570

offset

offset

offset

offsets

offsetting

571

omit

omitted

omitted

omits

omitting

572

ooze

oozed

oozed

oozes

oozing

573

open

opened

opened

opens

opening

574

operate

operated

operated

operates

operating

575

opine

opined

opined

opines

opining

576

oppress

oppressed

oppressed

oppresses

oppressing

577

opt

opted

opted

opts

opting

578

optimize

optimized

optimized

optimizes

optimizing

579

order

ordered

ordered

orders

ordering

580

organize

organized

organized

organizes

organizing

581

originate

originated

originated

originates

originating

582

output

output

output

outputs

outputting

583

overflow

overflowed

overflowed

overflows

overflowing

584

overtake

overtook

overtaken

overtakes

overtaking

585

owe

owed

owed

owes

owing

586

own

owned

owned

owns

owning

587

pacify

pacified

pacified

pacifies

pacifying

588

paint

painted

painted

paints

painting

589

pardon

pardoned

pardoned

pardons

pardoning

590

part

parted

parted

parts

parting

591

partake

partook

partaken

partakes

partaking

592

participate

participated

participated

participates

participating

593

pass

passed

passed

passes

passing

594

paste

pasted

pasted

pastes

pasting

595

pat

patted

patted

pats

patting

596

patch

patched

patched

patches

patching

597

pause

paused

paused

pauses

pausing

598

pay

paid

paid

pays

paying

599

peep

peeped

peeped

peeps

peeping

600

perish

perished

perished

perishes

perishing

601

permit

permitted

permitted

permits

permitting

602

persuade

persuaded

persuaded

persuades

persuading

603

phone

phoned

phoned

phones

phoning

604

place

placed

placed

places

placing

605

plan

planned

planned

plans

planning

606

play

played

played

plays

playing

607

plead

pled

pled

pleads

pleading

608

please

pleased

pleased

pleases

pleasing

609

plod

plodded

plodded

plods

plodding

610

plot

plotted

plotted

plots

plotting

611

pluck

plucked

plucked

plucks

plucking

612

ply

plied

plied

plies

plying

613

point

pointed

pointed

points

pointing

614

polish

polished

polished

polishes

polishing

615

pollute

polluted

polluted

pollutes

polluting

616

ponder

pondered

pondered

ponders

pondering

617

pour

poured

poured

pours

pouring

618

pout

pouted

pouted

pouts

pouting

619

practise

practised

practised

practises

practising

620

praise

praised

praised

praises

praising

621

pray

prayed

prayed

prays

praying

622

preach

preached

preached

preaches

preaching

623

prefer

preferred

preferred

prefers

preferring

624

prepare

prepared

prepared

prepares

preparing

625

prescribe

prescribed

prescribed

prescribes

prescribing

626

present

presented

presented

presents

presenting

627

preserve

preserved

preserved

preserves

preserving

628

preset

preset

preset

presets

presetting

629

preside

presided

presided

presides

presiding

630

press

pressed

pressed

presses

pressing

631

pretend

pretended

pretended

pretends

pretending

632

prevent

prevented

prevented

prevents

preventing

633

print

printed

printed

prints

printing

634

proceed

proceeded

proceeded

proceeds

proceeding

635

produce

produced

produced

produces

producing

636

progress

progressed

progressed

progresses

progressing

637

prohibit

prohibited

prohibited

prohibits

prohibiting

638

promise

promised

promised

promises

promising

639

propose

proposed

proposed

proposes

proposing

640

prosecute

prosecuted

prosecuted

prosecutes

prosecuting

641

protect

protected

protected

protects

protecting

642

prove

proved

proved

proves

proving

643

provide

provided

provided

provides

providing

644

pull

pulled

pulled

pulls

pulling

645

punish

punished

punished

punishes

punishing

646

purify

purified

purified

purifies

purifying

647

push

pushed

pushed

pushes

pushing

648

put

put

put

puts

putting

649

qualify

qualified

qualified

qualifies

qualifying

650

quarrel

quarrelled

quarrelled

quarrels

quarrelling

651

question

questioned

questioned

questions

questioning

652

quit

quit

quit

quits

quitting

653

race

raced

raced

races

racing

654

rain

rained

rained

rains

raining

655

rattle

rattled

rattled

rattles

rattling

656

reach

reached

reached

reaches

reaching

657

read

read

read

reads

reading

658

realize

realized

realized

realizes

realizing

659

rebuild

rebuilt

rebuilt

rebuilds

rebuilding

660

recall

recalled

recalled

recalls

recalling

661

recast

recast

recast

recasts

recasting

662

receive

received

received

receives

receiving

663

recite

recited

recited

recites

reciting

664

recognize

recognized

recognized

recognizes

recognizing

665

recollect

recollected

recollected

recollects

recollecting

666

recur

recurred

recurred

recurs

recurring

667

redo

redid

redone

redoes

redoing

668

reduce

reduced

reduced

reduces

reducing

669

refer

referred

referred

refers

referring

670

reflect

reflected

reflected

reflects

reflecting

671

refuse

refused

refused

refuses

refusing

672

regard

regarded

regarded

regards

regarding

673

regret

regretted

regretted

regrets

regretting

674

relate

related

related

relates

relating

675

relax

relaxed

relaxed

relaxes

relaxing

676

rely

relied

relied

relies

relying

677

remain

remained

remained

remains

remaining

678

remake

remade

remade

remakes

remaking

679

remove

removed

removed

removes

removing

680

rend

rent

rent

rends

rending

681

renew

renewed

renewed

renews

renewing

682

renounce

renounced

renounced

renounces

renouncing

683

repair

repaired

repaired

repairs

repairing

684

repeat

repeated

repeated

repeats

repeating

685

replace

replaced

replaced

replaces

replacing

686

reply

replied

replied

replies

replying

687

report

reported

reported

reports

reporting

688

request

requested

requested

requests

requesting

689

resell

resold

resold

resells

reselling

690

resemble

resembled

resembled

resembles

resembling

691

reset

reset

reset

resets

resetting

692

resist

resisted

resisted

resists

resisting

693

resolve

resolved

resolved

resolves

resolving

694

respect

respected

respected

respects

respecting

695

rest

rested

rested

rests

resting

696

restrain

restrained

restrained

restrains

restraining

697

retain

retained

retained

retains

retaining

698

retch

retched

retched

retches

retching

699

retire

retired

retired

retires

retiring

700

return

returned

returned

returns

returning

701

reuse

reused

reused

reuses

reusing

702

review

reviewed

reviewed

reviews

reviewing

703

rewind

rewound

rewound

rewinds

rewinding

704

rid

rid

rid

rids

ridding

705

ride

rode

ridden

rides

riding

706

ring

rang

rung

rings

ringing

707

rise

rose

risen

rises

rising

708

roar

roared

roared

roars

roaring

709

rob

robbed

robbed

robs

robbing

710

roll

rolled

rolled

rolls

rolling

711

rot

rotted

rotted

rots

rotting

712

rub

rubbed

rubbed

rubs

rubbing

713

rule

ruled

ruled

rules

ruling

714

run

ran

run

runs

running

715

rush

rushed

rushed

rushes

rushing

716

sabotage

sabotaged

sabotaged

sabotages

sabotaging

717

sack

sacked

sacked

sacks

sacking

718

sacrifice

sacrificed

sacrificed

sacrifices

sacrificing

719

sadden

saddened

saddened

saddens

saddening

720

saddle

saddled

saddled

saddles

saddling

721

sag

sagged

sagged

sags

sagging

722

sail

sailed

sailed

sails

sailing

723

sally

sallied

sallied

sallies

sallying

724

salute

saluted

saluted

salutes

saluting

725

salvage

salvaged

salvaged

salvages

salvaging

726

salve

salved

salved

salves

salving

727

sample

sampled

sampled

samples

sampling

728

sanctify

sanctified

sanctified

sanctifies

sanctifying

729

sanction

sanctioned

sanctioned

sanctions

sanctioning

730

sap

sapped

sapped

saps

sapping

731

saponify

saponified

saponified

saponifies

saponifying

732

sash

sashed

sashed

sashes

sashing

733

sashay

sashayed

sashayed

sashays

sashaying

734

sass

sassed

sassed

sasses

sassing

735

sate

sated

sated

sates

sating

736

satiate

satiated

satiated

satiates

satiating

737

satirise

satirised

satirised

satirises

satirising

738

satisfy

satisfied

satisfied

satisfies

satisfying

739

saturate

saturated

saturated

saturates

saturating

740

saunter

sauntered

sauntered

saunters

sauntering

741

save

saved

saved

saves

saving

742

savor

savored

savored

savors

savoring

743

savvy

savvied

savvied

savvies

savvying

744

saw

sawed

sawn

saws

sawing

745

say

said

said

says

saying

746

scab

scabbed

scabbed

scabs

scabbing

747

scabble

scabbled

scabbled

scabbles

scabbling

748

scald

scalded

scalded

scalds

scalding

749

scale

scaled

scaled

scales

scaling

750

scam

scammed

scammed

scams

scamming

751

scan

scanned

scanned

scans

scanning

752

scant

scanted

scanted

scants

scanting

753

scar

scarred

scarred

scars

scarring

754

scare

scared

scared

scares

scaring

755

scarify

scarified

scarified

scarifies

scarifying

756

scarp

scarped

scarped

scarps

scarping

757

scat

scatted

scatted

scats

scatting

758

scatter

scattered

scattered

scatters

scattering

759

scold

scolded

scolded

scolds

scolding

760

scorch

scorched

scorched

scorches

scorching

761

scowl

scowled

scowled

scowls

scowling

762

scrawl

scrawled

scrawled

scrawls

scrawling

763

scream

screamed

screamed

screams

screaming

764

screw

screwed

screwed

screws

screwing

765

scrub

scrubbed

scrubbed

scrubs

scrubbing

766

search

searched

searched

searches

searching

767

seat

seated

seated

seats

seating

768

secure

secured

secured

secures

securing

769

see

saw

seen

sees

seeing

770

seek

sought

sought

seeks

seeking

771

seem

seemed

seemed

seems

seeming

772

seize

seized

seized

seizes

seizing

773

select

selected

selected

selects

selecting

774

sell

sold

sold

sells

selling

775

send

sent

sent

sends

sending

776

sentence

sentenced

sentenced

sentences

sentencing

777

separate

separated

separated

separates

separating

778

set

set

set

sets

setting

779

sever

severed

severed

severs

severing

780

sew

sewed

sewn

sews

sewing

781

shake

shook

shaken

shakes

shaking

782

shape

shaped

shaped

shapes

shaping

783

share

shared

shared

shares

sharing

784

shatter

shattered

shattered

shatters

shattering

785

shave

shove

shaven

shaves

shaving

786

shear

shore

shorn

shears

shearing

787

shed

shed

shed

sheds

shedding

788

shine

shone

shone

shines

shining

789

shirk

shirked

shirked

shirks

shirking

790

shit

shit

shit

shits

shitting

791

shiver

shivered

shivered

shivers

shivering

792

shock

shocked

shocked

shocks

shocking

793

shoe

shod

shod

shoes

shoeing

794

shoot

shot

shot

shoots

shooting

795

shorten

shortened

shortened

shortens

shortening

796

shout

shouted

shouted

shouts

shouting

797

show

showed

shown

shows

showing

798

shrink

shrank

shrunk

shrinks

shrinking

799

shun

shunned

shunned

shuns

shunning

800

shut

shut

shut

shuts

shutting

801

sight

sighted

sighted

sights

sighting

802

signal

signalled

signalled

signals

signalling

803

signify

signified

signified

signifies

signifying

804

sing

sang

sung

sings

singing

805

sink

sank

sunk

sinks

sinking

806

sip

sipped

sipped

sips

sipping

807

sit

sat

sat

sits

sitting

808

ski

skied

skied

skis

skiing

809

skid

skidded

skidded

skids

skidding

810

slam

slammed

slammed

slams

slamming

811

slay

slew

slain

slays

slaying

812

sleep

slept

slept

sleeps

sleeping

813

slide

slid

slid/slide

slides

sliding

814

slim

slimmed

slimmed

slims

slimming

815

sling

slung

slung

slings

slinging

816

slink

slunk

slunk

slinks

slinking

817

slip

slipped

slipped

slips

slipping

818

slit

slit

slit

slits

slitting

819

smash

smashed

smashed

smashes

smashing

820

smell

smelt

smelt

smells

smelling

821

smile

smiled

smiled

smiles

smiling

822

smite

smote

smitten

smites

smiting

823

smooth

smoothed

smoothed

smoothes

smoothing

824

smother

smothered

smothered

smothers

smothering

825

snap

snapped

snapped

snaps

snapping

826

snatch

snatched

snatched

snatches

snatching

827

sneak

snuck

snuck

sneaks

sneaking

828

sneeze

sneezed

sneezed

sneezes

sneezing

829

sniff

sniffed

sniffed

sniffs

sniffing

830

soar

soared

soared

soars

soaring

831

sob

sobbed

sobbed

sobs

sobbing

832

solicit

solicited

solicited

solicits

soliciting

833

solve

solved

solved

solves

solving

834

soothe

soothed

soothed

soothes

soothing

835

sort

sorted

sorted

sorts

sorting

836

sow

sowed

sowed

sows

sowing

837

sparkle

sparkled

sparkled

sparkles

sparkling

838

speak

spoke

spoken

speaks

speaking

839

speed

sped

sped

speeds

speeding

840

spell

spelt

spelt

spells

spelling

841

spend

spent

spent

spends

spending

842

spill

spilt

spilt

spills

spilling

843

spin

span/spun

spun

spins

spinning

844

spit

spat/spit

spat/spit

spits

spitting

845

split

split

split

splits

splitting

846

spoil

spoilt

spoilt

spoils

spoiling

847

spray

sprayed

sprayed

sprays

spraying

848

spread

spread

spread

spreads

spreading

849

spring

sprang

sprung

springs

springing

850

sprout

sprouted

sprouted

sprouts

sprouting

851

squeeze

squeezed

squeezed

squeezes

squeezing

852

stand

stood

stood

stands

standing

853

stare

stared

stared

stares

staring

854

start

started

started

starts

starting

855

state

stated

stated

states

stating

857

stay

stayed

stayed

stays

staying

858

steal

stole

stolen

steals

stealing

859

steep

steeped

steeped

steeps

steeping

860

stem

stemmed

stemmed

stems

stemming

861

step

stepped

stepped

steps

stepping

862

sterilize

sterilized

sterilized

sterilizes

sterilizing

863

stick

stuck

stuck

sticks

sticking

864

stimulate

stimulated

stimulated

stimulates

stimulating

865

sting

stung

stung

stings

stinging

866

stink

stank

stunk

stinks

stinking

867

stir

stirred

stirred

stirs

stirring

868

stitch

stitched

stitched

stitches

stitching

869

stoop

stooped

stooped

stoops

stooping

870

stop

stopped

stopped

stops

stopping

871

store

stored

stored

stores

storing

872

strain

strained

strained

strains

straining

873

stray

strayed

strayed

strays

straying

874

stress

stressed

stressed

stresses

stressing

875

stretch

stretched

stretched

stretches

stretching

876

strew

strewed

strewn

strews

strewing

856

877

stride

strode

stridden

strides

striding

878

strike

struck

struck/stricken

strikes

striking

879

string

strung

strung

strings

stringing

880

strive

strove

striven

strives

striving

881

study

studied

studied

studies

studying

882

submit

submitted

submitted

submits

submitting

883

subscribe

subscribed

subscribed

subscribes

subscribing

884

subtract

subtracted

subtracted

subtracts

subtracting

885

succeed

succeeded

succeeded

succeeds

succeeding

886

suck

sucked

sucked

sucks

sucking

887

suffer

suffered

suffered

suffers

suffering

888

suggest

suggested

suggested

suggests

suggesting

889

summon

summoned

summoned

summons

summoning

890

supply

supplied

supplied

supplies

supplying

891

support

supported

supported

supports

supporting

892

suppose

supposed

supposed

supposes

supposing

893

surge

surged

surged

surges

surging

894

surmise

surmised

surmised

surmises

surmising

895

surpass

surpassed

surpassed

surpasses

surpassing

896

surround

surrounded

surrounded

surrounds

surrounding

897

survey

surveyed

surveyed

surveys

surveying

898

survive

survived

survived

survives

surviving

899

swallow

swallowed

swallowed

swallows

swallowing

900

sway

swayed

swayed

sways

swaying

901

swear

swore

sworn

swears

swearing

902

sweat

sweat

sweat

sweats

sweating

903

sweep

swept

swept

sweeps

sweeping

904

swell

swelled

swollen

swells

swelling

905

swim

swam

swum

swims

swimming

906

swing

swung

swung

swings

swinging

907

swot

swotted

swotted

swots

swotting

908

take

took

taken

takes

taking

909

talk

talked

talked

talks

talking

910

tap

tapped

tapped

taps

tapping

911

taste

tasted

tasted

tastes

tasting

912

tax

taxed

taxed

taxes

taxing

913

teach

taught

taught

teaches

teaching

914

tear

tore

torn

tears

tearing

915

tee

teed

teed

tees

teeing

916

tell

told

told

tells

telling

917

tempt

tempted

tempted

tempts

tempting

918

tend

tended

tended

tends

tending

919

terminate

terminated

terminated

terminates

terminating

920

terrify

terrified

terrified

terrifies

terrifying

921

test

tested

tested

tests

testing

922

thank

thanked

thanked

thanks

thanking

923

think

thought

thought

thinks

thinking

924

thrive

throve

thriven

thrives

thriving

925

throw

threw

thrown

throws

throwing

926

thrust

thrust

thrust

thrusts

thrusting

927

thump

thumped

thumped

thumps

thumping

928

tie

tied

tied

ties

tying

929

tire

tired

tired

tires

tiring

930

toss

tossed

tossed

tosses

tossing

931

touch

touched

touched

touches

touching

932

train

trained

trained

trains

training

933

trample

trampled

trampled

tramples

trampling

934

transfer

transferred

transferred

transfers

transferring

935

transform

transformed

transformed

transforms

transforming

936

translate

translated

translated

translates

translating

937

trap

trapped

trapped

traps

trapping

938

travel

travelled

travelled

travels

travelling

939

tread

trod

trodden

treads

treading

940

treasure

treasured

treasured

treasures

treasuring

941

treat

treated

treated

treats

treating

942

tree

treed

treed

trees

treeing

943

tremble

trembled

trembled

trembles

trembling

944

triumph

triumphed

triumphed

triumphs

triumphing

945

trust

trusted

trusted

trusts

trusting

946

try

tried

tried

tries

trying

947

turn

turned

turned

turns

turning

948

type

typed

typed

types

typing

949

typeset

typeset

typeset

typesets

typesetting

950

understand

understood

understood

understands

understanding

951

undo

undid

undone

undoes

undoing

952

uproot

uprooted

uprooted

uproots

uprooting

953

upset

upset

upset

upsets

upsetting

954

urge

urged

urged

urges

urging

955

use

used

used

uses

using

956

utter

uttered

uttered

utters

uttering

957

value

valued

valued

values

valuing

958

vanish

vanished

vanished

vanishes

vanishing

959

vary

varied

varied

varies

varying

960

verify

verified

verified

verifies

verifying

961

vex

vexed

vexed

vexes

vexing

962

vie

vied

vied

vies

vying

963

view

viewed

viewed

views

viewing

964

violate

violated

violated

violates

violating

965

vomit

vomited

vomited

vomits

vomiting

966

wake

woke

woken

wakes

waking

967

walk

walked

walked

walks

walking

968

wander

wandered

wandered

wanders

wandering

969

want

wanted

wanted

wants

wanting

970

warn

warned

warned

warns

warning

971

waste

wasted

wasted

wastes

wasting

972

watch

watched

watched

watches

watching

973

water

watered

watered

waters

watering

974

wave

waved

waved

waves

waving

975

wax

waxed

waxed

waxes

waxing

976

waylay

waylaid

waylaid

waylays

waylaying

977

wear

wore

worn

wears

wearing

978

weave

wove

woven

weaves

weaving

979

wed

wed

wed

weds

wedding

980

weep

wept

wept

weeps

weeping

981

weigh

weighed

weighed

weighs

weighing

982

welcome

welcomed

welcomed

welcomes

welcoming

983

wend

went

went

wends

wending

984

wet

wet

wet

wets

wetting

985

whip

whipped

whipped

whips

whipping

986

whisper

whispered

whispered

whispers

whispering

987

win

won

won

wins

winning

988

wind

wound

wound

winds

winding

989

wish

wished

wished

wishes

wishing

990

withdraw

withdrew

withdrawn

withdraws

withdrawing

991

work

worked

worked

works

working

992

worry

worried

worried

worries

worrying

993

worship

worshipped

worshipped

worships

worshipping

994

wring

wrung

wrung

wrings

wringing

995

write

wrote

written

writes

writing

996

yawn

yawned

yawned

yawns

yawning

997

yell

yelled

yelled

yells

yelling

998

yield

yielded

yielded

yields

yielding

999

zinc

zincked

zincked

zincs

zincking

1000

zoom

zoomed

zoomed

zooms

zooming

200 Irregular Verbs Forms

Proper use of verbs is very important to speak and write correct English. Every verb has three forms (Base
Form, Past Form, Past Participle Form) followed by its ing form. We are presenting you verb list in a easy to
learn form. It has been segregated as follows :

Following is the list of Verbs in its forms

S.No.

Base Form

Past Form

Past Participle Form

s / es/ ies

ing form

abide

abode

abode

abides

abiding

alight

alit

alit

alights

alighting

arise

arose

arisen

arises

arising

awake

awoke

awoken

awakes

awaking

be (am,are)

was / were

been

is

being

bear

bore

born/borne

bears

bearing

beat

beat

beaten

beats

beating

become

became

become

becomes

becoming

befall

befell

befallen

befalls

befalling

10

begin

began

begun

begins

beginning

11

behold

beheld

beheld

beholds

beholding

12

bend

bent

bent

bends

bending

13

bereave

bereft

bereft

bereaves

bereaving

14

beseech

besought

besought

beseeches

beseeching

15

bet

bet

bet

bets

betting

16

bid

bade

bidden

bids

bidding

17

bid

bid

bid

bids

bidding

18

bind

bound

bound

binds

binding

19

bite

bit

bitten

bites

biting

20

bleed

bled

bled

bleeds

bleeding

21

blow

blew

blown

blows

blowing

22

break

broke

broken

breaks

breaking

23

breed

bred

bred

breeds

breeding

24

bring

brought

brought

brings

bringing

25

broadcast

broadcast

broadcast

broadcasts

broadcasting

26

build

built

built

builds

building

27

burn

burnt

burnt

burns

burning

28

burst

burst

burst

bursts

bursting

29

bust

bust

bust

busts

busting

30

buy

bought

bought

buys

buying

31

cast

cast

cast

casts

casting

32

catch

caught

caught

catches

catching

33

chide

chid

chidden

chides

chiding

34

choose

chose

chosen

chooses

choosing

35

cleave

clove/cleft

cloven/cleft

cleaves

cleaving

36

cling

clung

clung

clings

clinging

37

clothe

clad

clad

clothes

clothing

38

come

came

come

comes

coming

39

cost

cost

cost

costs

costing

40

creep

crept

crept

creeps

creeping

41

cut

cut

cut

cuts

cutting

42

deal

dealt

dealt

deals

dealing

43

dig

dug

dug

digs

digging

44

do

did

done

does

doing

45

draw

drew

drawn

draws

drawing

46

dream

dreamt

dreamt

dreams

dreaming

47

drink

drank

drunk

drinks

drinking

48

drive

drove

driven

drives

driving

49

dwell

dwelt

dwelt

dwells

dwelling

50

eat

ate

eaten

eats

eating

51

fall

fell

fallen

falls

falling

52

fart

fart

fart

farts

farting

53

feed

fed

fed

feeds

feeding

54

feel

felt

felt

feels

feeling

55

fight

fought

fought

fights

fighting

56

find

found

found

finds

finding

57

fit

fit

fit

fits

fitting

58

flee

fled

fled

flees

fleeing

59

fling

flung

flung

flings

flinging

60

fly

flew

flown

flies

flying

61

forbid

forbade

forbidden

forbids

forbidding

62

forecast

forecast

forecast

forecasts

forecasting

63

forget

forgot

forgotten

forgets

forgetting

64

forgive

forgave

forgiven

forgives

forgiving

65

forsake

forsook

forsaken

forsakes

forsaking

66

freeze

froze

frozen

freezes

freezing

67

gainsay

gainsaid

gainsaid

gainsays

gainsaying

68

get

got

got

gets

getting

69

gird

girt

girt

girds

girding

70

give

gave

given

gives

giving

71

go

went

gone

goes

going

72

grave

grove

graven

graves

graving

73

grow

grew

grown

grows

growing

74

hang

hung

hung

hangs

hanging

75

have

had

had

has

having

76

hear

heard

heard

hears

hearing

77

heave

hove

hove

heaves

heaving

78

hew

hewed

hewn

hews

hewing

79

hide

hid

hidden

hides

hiding

80

hit

hit

hit

hits

hitting

81

hold

held

held

holds

holding

82

hurt

hurt

hurt

hurts

hurting

83

inlay

inlaid

inlaid

inlays

inlaying

84

input

input

input

inputs

inputting

85

keep

kept

kept

keeps

keeping

86

kneel

knelt

knelt

kneels

kneeling

87

knit

knit

knit

knits

knitting

88

know

knew

known

knows

knowing

89

lade

laded

laden

lades

lading

90

lay

laid

laid

lays

laying

91

lead

led

led

leads

leading

92

lean

leant

leant

leans

leaning

93

leap

leapt

leapt

leaps

leaping

94

learn

learnt

learnt

learns

learning

95

leave

left

left

leaves

leaving

96

lend

lent

lent

lends

lending

97

let

let

let

lets

letting

98

lie

lay

lain

lies

lying

99

light

lit

lit

lights

lighting

100

lose

lost

lost

loses

losing

101

make

made

made

makes

making

102

mean

meant

meant

means

meaning

103

meet

met

met

meets

meeting

104

mistake

mistook

mistaken

mistakes

mistaking

105

mow

mowed

mown

mows

mowing

106

partake

partook

partaken

partakes

partaking

107

pay

paid

paid

pays

paying

108

plead

pled

pled

pleads

pleading

109

put

put

put

puts

putting

110

quit

quit

quit

quits

quitting

111

read ()

read ()

read ()

reads

reading

112

rend

rent

rent

rends

rending

113

rid

rid

rid

rids

ridding

114

ride

rode

ridden

rides

riding

115

ring

rang

rung

rings

ringing

116

rise

rose

risen

rises

rising

117

run

ran

run

runs

running

118

saw

sawed

sawn

saws

sawing

119

say

said

said

says

saying

120

see

saw

seen

sees

seeing

121

seek

sought

sought

seeks

seeking

122

sell

sold

sold

sells

selling

123

send

sent

sent

sends

sending

124

set

set

set

sets

setting

125

sew

sewed

sewn

sews

sewing

126

shake

shook

shaken

shakes

shaking

127

shave

shove

shaven

shaves

shaving

128

shear

shore

shorn

shears

shearing

129

shed

shed

shed

sheds

shedding

130

shine

shone

shone

shines

shining

131

shit

shit

shit

shits

shitting

132

shoe

shod

shod

shoes

shoeing

133

shoot

shot

shot

shoots

shooting

134

show

showed

shown

shows

showing

135

shrink

shrank

shrunk

shrinks

shrinking

136

shrive

shrove

shriven

shrives

shriving

137

shut

shut

shut

shuts

shutting

138

sing

sang

sung

sings

singing

139

sink

sank

sunk

sinks

sinking

140

sit

sat

sat

sits

sitting

141

slay

slew

slain

slays

slaying

142

sleep

slept

slept

sleeps

sleeping

143

slide

slid

slid

slides

sliding

144

sling

slung

slung

slings

slinging

145

slink

slunk

slunk

slinks

slinking

146

slit

slit

slit

slits

slitting

147

smell

smelt

smelt

smells

smelling

148

smite

smote

smitten

smites

smiting

149

sneak

snuck

snuck

sneaks

sneaking

150

speak

spoke

spoken

speaks

speaking

151

speed

sped

sped

speeds

speeding

152

spell

spelt

spelt

spells

spelling

153

spend

spent

spent

spends

spending

154

spill

spilt

spilt

spills

spilling

155

spin

spun

spun

spins

spinning

156

spit

spat

spat

spits

spitting

157

split

split

split

splits

splitting

158

spoil

spoilt

spoilt

spoils

spoiling

159

spread

spread

spread

spreads

spreading

160

spring

sprang

sprung

springs

springing

161

stand

stood

stood

stands

standing

162

steal

stole

stolen

steals

stealing

163

stick

stuck

stuck

sticks

sticking

164

sting

stung

stung

stings

stinging

165

stink

stank

stunk

stinks

stinking

166

strew

strewed

strewn

strews

strewing

167

stride

strode

stridden

strides

striding

168

strike

struck

stricken

strikes

striking

169

string

strung

strung

strings

stringing

170

strive

strove

striven

strives

striving

171

swear

swore

sworn

swears

swearing

172

sweat

sweat

sweat

sweats

sweating

173

sweep

swept

swept

sweeps

sweeping

174

swell

swelled

swollen

swells

swelling

175

swim

swam

swum

swims

swimming

176

swing

swung

swung

swings

swinging

177

take

took

taken

takes

taking

178

teach

taught

taught

teaches

teaching

179

tear

tore

torn

tears

tearing

180

tell

told

told

tells

telling

181

think

thought

thought

thinks

thinking

182

thrive

throve

thriven

thrives

thriving

183

throw

threw

thrown

throws

throwing

184

thrust

thrust

thrust

thrusts

thrusting

185

tread

trod

trodden

treads

treading

186

understand

understood

understood

understands

understanding

187

wake

woke

woken

wakes

waking

188

way-lay

way-laid

way-laid

way-lays

way-laying

189

wear

wore

worn

wears

wearing

190

weave

wove

woven

weaves

weaving

191

wed

wed

wed

weds

wedding

192

weep

wept

wept

weeps

weeping

193

welcome

welcomed

welcomed

welcomes

welcoming

194

wend

went

went

wends

wending

195

wet

wet

wet

wets

wetting

196

win

won

won

wins

winning

197

wind

wound

wound

winds

winding

198

withdraw

withdrew

withdrawn

withdraws

withdrawing

199

wring

wrung

wrung

wrings

wringing

200

write

wrote

written

writes

writing

Phrasal Verbs A-Z

A phrasal verb are usually two-word phrases consisting of preposition or adverb which creates a meaning
different from the original verb.
Phrasal Verbs : A | B

Grammar notes: phrasal verbs a-b

account for something
to explain
to give an explanation for something
Well, how do you account for the fact that there's 20,000 missing?
There's a lot of money not accounted for.

add something on (to)

to include in a calculation or on a list
It'll cost more once you've added the VAT on.
Buying a house is very expensive after you've added on the solicitor's costs.
OK, so we need a printer, a scanner and a webcam. What about
speakers? Add them on to the list as well.

add something up
to total by adding
add up
to be satisfactory when you think about it
I've added all my expenses up and you owe me 250.

They say the company is very successful and there aren't any problems with
staff, suppliers or customers. But they're selling it at a very low price. It just
doesn't add up.

back down
to abandon your position in an argument
The argument lasted for hours because neither of them would back down.
He backed down when it became clear that nobody else supported him.

back out (of something)

to break an agreement
to not do what you said you would
The two companies were going to merge, but one of them backed out at the last
minute.
One company backed out of the deal because of rumours about the other
company's finances.

back someone/something up
to support
Everyone backed him up when he complained about the conditions at work.
I'll listen to your complaints about the conditions at work when you have some
evidence to back them up.
Whenever you write a new report, remember to back it up on CD.

back-up (noun)
If you have problems with the new system, just phone our office and our staff will
give you all the back-up
you need.
You must have a back-up copy in case anything goes wrong with the computer.

be down
to have decreased
to not be working (computers/phones)

Sales are down by nearly 30%, so we'll have to start thinking about reducing the
number of staff.
The computers are down again, so we can't get the plane tickets over the
internet.
The phones were down for three days after the floods.

be in on something
to know something that isn't common knowledge
to be involved in something
The takeover was a complete surprise to me. Were you in on it?
I wasn't in on the plan at the beginning, but then someone asked me to join.

be off
to not be at work
She's not here. She's off today. I think she's got a hospital appointment.
That's the fourth time she's been off this month.

be out of something
to not have any more
The printer's out of ink again. Have you got another cartridge?
The machine's out of coffee. You'll have to have tea or chocolate.

be up
to have increased
Profits are up 60% this year, so we'll be able to pay a dividend.
Sales were up so much we had to employ extra staff.

boss someone around

to tell people what to do (often and needlessly)
You'd think he owned the company the way he bosses everyone around.
Stop bossing me around! I've been working here longer than you have.

branch out (into something)

to expand into new areas
If you want the company to grow, the business will have to branch out into new
areas.
We're involved in all areas of the hotel business now, but we started with a
restaurant and then branched out.

break down
to stop working
break something down (by)
to analyse
to show separately
We must get a new photocopier. This one's always breaking down.
I don't want a total figure. I want everything broken down by departments so I
can see who's spending what.
When you break the figures down by category, you can see that most of our
spending is on R&D.
breakdown (noun)
There was a breakdown on the tube this morning, so everyone got to work late.
I want a complete breakdown of all those figures.
bring something forward
to arrange to have or do earlier
Next week's meeting has been brought forward from Tuesday to Monday.
We've decided to bring the launch date forward to take advantage of the preChristmas increase in trading.
bring something out
to launch a product
They're bringing out a new line of summer clothing next month.
That's not a new computer program,. They brought that out years ago.
bring something up
to mention
Who brought up the question of wage rises in the meeting?

Well, I was waiting for the manager to bring it up, but he didn't. So I had to.
brush something up
to renew your knowledge of something
Either the existing staff will have to go to evening classes to brush up their
Spanish, or we'll have to employ
new staff who actually know the language.
If you brush your languages up, then that will help you get a better job.

Grammar notes: phrasal verbs c

call for something
to need
to demand
This situation calls for urgent action before it's too late.
The job calls for a great deal of tact as you'll be dealing with the public at all
times.
You've been promoted to manager? This calls for champagne.
The shareholders are calling for a change in management because of last year's
bad results.
call something off
to cancel
We had to call off the meeting because the manager was on a trip.
No one told me you'd called it off. I came all the way from Barcelona!
call (someone) up
to phone
call something up (on the computer)
to look for and open
I tried to call you up to tell you about the meeting, but your mobile was switched
off.
It's difficult to get any work done because people are calling up all day.
I called up the document and added the new paragraphs.
When I tried to call the file up it wasn't there. I must have deleted it by mistake.
carry on
carry on (doing something)

carry on (with something)

to continue
Please don't let me interrupt you. Carry on as if I wasn't here.
The fire alarm is always ringing. Now people ignore it and carry on working.
I'll be out of the office this afternoon, so you can just carry on with whatever you
were doing this morning.

carry something out

to do
to complete or perform
The job was carried out by an outside consultancy firm.
We're carrying out a survey at the moment to see which of our products is the
most popular.

catch up (with someone)

to reach the same standard
catch up (on something)
(to reach the required standard)
to do work you should already have finished
You all know much more than I do about computers, but I haven't got time to
study. I'll never catch up.
You've already finished two reports today. I'll have to stay late to catch up
with you.
I'm afraid there was no one to cover you when you were off sick last week, so
you've got a lot of work to
catch up on.
I'll just have a sandwich at my desk so I can catch up on the backlog.

change over (to something)

to change to a new system or position
Spain changed over to the euro at the beginning of 2002.
Your computer's got the program I need. We'll have to change over.
I'm on a late shift this week, but we change over next Monday.

We'll have to change over to a new computer system soon because the old
system is overloaded.

changeover (noun)
Everything seemed to be cheaper before the changeover to the euro.
We had nothing but problems with the computers for a couple of months after
the changeover.

climb down
to admit you were wrong
He had to climb down after his colleagues proved him wrong.
The others had a much stronger argument, and in the end he climbed down and
admitted they were right.

climb-down (noun)
First he said we couldn't have a pay rise, but then when we threatened to go on
strike he said he'd negotiate.
It was a complete climb-down.
close (something) down
to close permanently
If we don't improve production we'll have to close down the factory.
When the supermarket opened, the grocer's shop on the corner closed down.
close-down (noun)
The factory close-down made a lot of people unemployed.
come out
to be published or made public
When the annual report came out, there was a sudden rush to sell shares.
News of the merger came out last week. Now everyone's worried about losing
their jobs.
come up
to be mentioned, to appear
Did anything interesting come up in the meeting?
The idea of moving the company out of the city came up in the meeting.

A new vacancy has come up because one of the managers has retired.
come up against something
to meet or face
You come up against all sorts of discrimination when you work for a big company.
We came up against a number of problems when we tried to open a branch in
France.
come up with something
to think of
The manager's secretary came up with a really good idea in the meeting.
We've been trying to find a solution to the problem for a long time now, but we
still haven't come up with
anything.
crack down (on something)
to act more strictly
Staff have been told they can't send personal emails from work. Management
will be cracking down in future.
If we want to save money we should begin by cracking down on personal phone
calls made from work.
crop up
to appear or happen unexpectedly
Something's cropped up, so I won't be able to come to the meeting.
If any problems crop up while I'm on holiday, just ask one of the other managers.
cross something/someone off (a list)
cross something out
to delete, to draw a line through
OK, I've phoned those two clients, so they can be crossed off.
The sales manager will be in London next week and can't come to the meeting,
so you can cross him off.
Yes or No. Cross out whichever doesn't apply.
That's not how you spell it. Cross it out and write it again.
cut back (on) (something)
to reduce
If sales continue to fall, we'll have to cut back production until things improve.

We were spending far too much money on entertaining clients, but we've
managed to cut back.
They need to cut back on their investment programme.
cut down (on something)
to reduce consumption
I'm still smoking too much. I've tried to cut down, but it's impossible.
If we cut down on photocopies we won't need to buy so much toner.
cut someone off
disconnect a phone call
I was just talking to someone in the sales department, but I was cut off.
I pressed the wrong button on the switchboard and cut him off. He'll phone back
in a minute.

Grammar notes: phrasal verbs d-f

deal with something/someone
to take action on something
to be responsible for
to have as its subject
to do business with
We should deal with the staff problems now before they get too serious.
The computer maintenance team can deal with any type of emergency.
The report deals with the introduction of new technology.
This company has many years of experience in dealing with customers from
abroad.
We have been dealing with a number of multinationals ever since we opened our
office in London.
do away with something
to abolish
We've finally done away with the manual system for goods registration.
The profit margin has been much higher ever since the company did away
with its labour intensive production
system.
drag on

to continue slowly and boringly

The meeting dragged on for hours and we still didn't come to a decision.
The chairman's speech seemed to drag on for ever. I had difficulty staying
awake.
drag something out
to prolong unnecessarily
The presentation should only last two hours, but they want me to drag it out for
three.
It's usually a four-day course, but I can drag it out with some practice sessions if
you like.
draw something up
to prepare
to compose
If you decide to buy the company, we can draw up a contract within seven days.
We'll have to draw up a list of all the people who might want to attend the
conference.
end up as something
end up somewhere
end up doing something
to eventually become
to eventually find oneself/itself
She started in the company as a secretary. Who would have thought she
would end up as the managing
director?
The plane was diverted because of fog, so we ended up in Barcelona instead of
Valencia.
That temporary secretary is completely useless! He made so many mistakes in
the report that I ended up
doing it myself.
face up to something
to accept a situation and take action
You have to face up to the fact that things have changed since you opened the
company. You need to
modernise.

We argued for hours, but he finally faced up to the problem and he's going to call
a meeting to discuss it next
week.
fall off
to decrease
Sales have fallen off ever since we introduced the new packaging. Nobody likes
it.
The number of people coming into the office has fallen off since we set up the
website.
fall through
to not succeed
The plans we had to relocate the company fell through because we couldn't get
planning permission.
We've put so much effort into this project that I'll be very annoyed if it falls
through.
fill something in
to complete
fill in (for someone)
to substitute for someone at work
fill someone in (on something)
to give information about
Please fill in the application form and return it to us as soon as possible.
You have to fill in all the boxes marked with an asterisk, otherwise the computer
rejects it.
Our usual receptionist is on maternity leave at the moment, but one of the
secretaries is filling in for her.
I don't usually do this job. I'm just filling in.
Come into my office and I'll fill you in on everything that happened in the
meeting.
Have you heard the news? Come down to the bar and I'll fill you in.
find (something) out
find out (about something)
to discover
Did you know that the sales manager is being replaced? I've only just found out.

You've got the number of his private line? How did you find that out? I've been
trying to get it for months.
He found out about the redundancy plans from the union representative.
fit in (with something/people)
to work well with others in a group
to complement or be in harmony with
fit something/someone in
to have/find enough time
The new designer fits in really well. The team has done some excellent work
since he arrived.
I think we'll have to terminate his contract because he doesn't fit in with the
other people in the office.
No, I don't want to expand abroad. That doesn't fit in with the plans I have for the
company.
Well, I'm busy on Monday and Tuesday, but I could fit you in on Wednesday
morning at about 11 o'clock.
Everyone's got lots of work, but we've got to fit the meeting in before the end of
the week.

Grammar notes: phrasal verbs g

get something across
to make people understand
The advertising campaign should get it across to people that our product is the
best.
The company is in financial trouble, and this meeting has been called to get that
message across.
get down to something
to start
I'll just introduce everyone, and then we'll get down to business.
We've been chatting far too long. It's time we got down to some work.
get on (with something)
to continue
to progress
get on (with someone)
to have a good relationship

I must get on now or I'll never finish this report before the deadline.
You started a new job last month, didn't you? How are you getting on?
How are you getting on with that report? Nearly finished?
I wish my old boss hadn't retired. My new boss and I don't get on.
The old manager was very easy to get on with.
It's difficult to get on well with the new manager.
get through (to someone)
to contact by phone
At last! I've been ringing all morning. It's taken me ages to get through.
I was ringing you all day yesterday, but I couldn't get through.
I finally got through to the department I wanted, but they said it would be best to
go to the office in person.
give something away
to give without receiving payment
When we renewed our computer system we gave all the old equipment away to
the local secondary school.
It's such a terrible product you couldn't give it away.
give something out
to distribute
We'll be giving out copies of the chairman's speech at the end of the morning.
You need to give these feedback forms out before the end of the session. And
make sure you collect them
back in again.
go ahead (with something)
to proceed
You're the expert. Go ahead and do whatever you think best.
I've spoken to the client and he says we can go ahead with the advertising
campaign.
go-ahead (noun)
Have you got the go-ahead for the plans yet?
We have to wait for the director to give us the go-ahead.
go along with something

to agree to
OK, I'll go along with that idea.
He never has any suggestions to make. He just goes along with what everyone
else says.
go down (well/badly etc)
to be received
The ideas we had for the future didn't go down well at the meeting.
How did your suggestion go down?
So you told your boss that he didn't know how to manage people. I can imagine
how that went down.
go into something
to talk about in detail
"What about the plans for the new building?" " We can go into that later, after
this meeting."
You don't need to go into all the details. Just tell me yes or no.
go on (with something)
go on (doing something)
to continue
go on
to happen
Sorry I'm late. Please go on.
OK, go on. I'm ready.
While everyone else was looking out of the window at what was happening in the
street, he just went on with
his work.
She went on working until the day before she had the baby.
What's going on? Why isn't anyone working?
go through
to be completed successfully
go through something
to check/examine
to experience

If we get the buyer's signature this afternoon, the deal can go through by the end
of the week.
My application to join the club went through last month.
Go through your notes before the presentation to make sure you haven't
forgotten anything.
Don't mention taxes! We don't want to go through that again.
I don't want to go through a journey like that again. It took nine hours to get here
from Madrid.
go under
to go bankrupt
We'll have to cut the number of staff, otherwise the company will go under.
Some of our smaller competitors have gone under because they got into too
much debt.

Grammar notes: phrasal verbs h-l

hand something out
to distribute
Can you hand out the brochures to everyone who attends the presentation,
please?
Wouldn't it be better to hand them out afterwards? People might not concentrate
on what we're saying
otherwise.
hand-out (noun)
The hand-outs need to be photocopied.
Stop asking me for money! If you want a hand-out, ask someone rich!
hand something over
to give to someone else
When the managing director retired, she handed over the running of the
company to her son.
Responsibility will be handed over to you at the end of the financial year.
handover (noun)
The official handover took place at the Shareholders' Annual Meeting.
hang on (and hold on)
to wait

hang on to something
to keep in your possession
Hang on a minute. I've just got to make a phone call.
Can you hang on while I check for you, or would you like me to ring you back?
Do we really need to hang on to these old files? They're all on computer now.
You should hang on to those old typewriters - they're really useful for completing
forms.
hit on something
to think of
We've hit on a brilliant idea for the new advertising campaign!
I think you've hit on something very important there.
hold on (see hang on)
hold something up
to delay
Sorry I'm late. I was held up by my last appointment.
We can hold the process up till the end of the week, but we'll need to have
everything ready for Monday.
hold-up (noun)
The leaflets aren't ready yet. There's been a hold-up at the printer's.
keep someone on
to not dismiss from work
When the factory closed, the only person kept on was the accountant.
I realise we'll have to lose a lot of the staff, but the minimum number we
need to keep on is twenty.
key something in
to type into the computer
All the new data needs to be keyed in. Make sure you take a break from time to
time so you don't strain your
eyes.
The figures don't tally. Someone must have keyed the information in wrongly.
lay someone off
to dismiss from work

We're going to have to lay off some staff until we get some more orders.
It's seasonal work, so he generally gets laid off at the end of October.

lay-off (noun)
There's not much money around because of all the lay-offs at the factory.

leak out
to become known
News of the redundancies has leaked out, and now the union representatives
want to have a meeting with you.
Well, I don't know how that leaked out, but it was only discussed by the Board of
Directors yesterday.
look down on someone
to consider inferior
He looks down on everyone else because he's the only one in the department
who went to Oxford.
He's not the right person to be in charge of customer services because he looks
down on anyone who hasn't
got the same accent as he has.
look forward to something
to anticipate with pleasure
I look forward to hearing from you.
I'm looking forward to the weekend. At last I'll be able to have a good rest.
look into something
to investigate
What about that problem with the agency? Have you looked into it yet?
I apologise for the delay. We're looking into the causes now, and hope to have
everything back to normal by
this afternoon.
look up
to improve
look something up
to find information (when you know where it is)

We've got new orders worth 25,000. Things are looking up at last!
Things must be looking up - we're getting a Christmas bonus this year!
Can you look the phone number up for me, please?
I looked it up in the dictionary, but it wasn't there. Maybe it's under a different
spelling.
look up to someone
to respect
If the staff don't feel they can look up to you, then you can't be the right person
for the job.
Everyone looked up to the old manager because he always listened to what
people had to say.

Grammar notes: phrasal verbs m-p

make something out
to manage to see or hear
make it out to someone
to write a cheque
What's this figure here in the accounts? I can't make it out.
You'll really have to improve your accent when you speak Spanish. I can't make
out what you're saying.
Who shall I make it out to?
Shall I make the cheque out for cash?
make up for something
to compensate for
At least the sales contract from the Ministry will make up for the orders we
lost because of the transport
strike.
When everyone comes back from holiday we'll have to work extra hours to make
up for lost time.
miss something out
to not include
Can you check through the list and see if I've missed anything out?
If you miss out the @ in an email address, the message won't get sent.
own up (to something)

to admit to
OK. Own up! Who's taken my cigarettes?
The boss is never going to forget about that report being lost. I suppose I
should own up to having left it in a
taxi.
pass someone over
to not consider for promotion
If they pass me over for promotion again this year I'm going to find a new job.
He's depressed because he's been passed over again.
pay something off
to finish paying money you owe
Once we pay off the bank loan, we'll be able to invest our profits in the company.
If you took out a 25-year mortgage in 1995 to buy your house, it won't be paid
off until 2020.
phase something in
to introduce gradually
The changes in pension contributions can be phased in gradually as people join
the firm.
We'll be phasing the changes in over the next few years so as to minimise
disruption to the production
process.
pick up
to improve
pick something up
to learn by experience
Sales are often slow in the summer. Things should pick up around October.
If orders don't pick up soon we'll have to think about reducing production.
Probably the best way to learn the job is to sit with one of the staff and see what
they do. You'll soon pick it
up.
The new secretary speaks four languages. Apparently she picked them up while
travelling around Europe.
point something out

to draw attention to
I really must point out how important this meeting is. The company's future
depends on it.
I pointed it out to him in the meeting but he didn't seem to think it was
important.
pull something off
to succeed in doing something
The negotiations went on and on, but he finally pulled off the deal.
He's pulled it off! We've won the order!
pull out (of something)
to not continue
Once the other company discovered the size of the order, they pulled out.
We made it completely clear that we wouldn't sell for less than 3m, so the
buyer pulled out of the deal.
put something forward
to make a suggestion
The new manager put forward her ideas for cutting costs as soon as the meeting
started.
She wanted a ban on overtime, but I put that forward at the last meeting and
everyone thought it was a
terrible idea.
put in for something
to request officially
I've put in for three weeks' holiday next August, but they probably won't let me
have more than two.
There's a job going now that the Head of Personnel has retired. Why don't
you put in for it?
put something off
to postpone
put someone off
to dissuade
to distract
The report isn't finished yet, so we'll have to put the meeting off until next week.
The expansion programme has been put off until the economy improves.

What do you mean, he wants to come to the office this afternoon? Can't
you put him off?
Can I borrow your office? The roadworks outside my window
are putting me off my work.
put someone through
to connect by phone
Hello, could you put me through to the Sales Department, please?
I'm sorry, you were put through to this extension by mistake. I'll transfer you to
the right department.

Grammar notes: phrasal verbs r-s

reckon on something
to expect
He's decided to resign from his job? Well, I hadn't reckoned on that happening.
I think we can probably reckon on a minimum of 25 people coming to the training
course.
ring (someone) back
to phone again
He'll be in the office after 3 o'clock, if you'd like to ring back then.
Sorry, I've got a meeting now. I'll ring you back as soon as it's finished.
ring off
to end a phone call
I was speaking to him earlier, but his boss called him into the office so he rang
off without telling me the
news.
I'll have to ring off now because the meeting's about to start. See you later.
rule something/someone out
to eliminate
So who gets the manager's job when he leaves? Well, both of us can be ruled
out because we've only been
working here six months.
If we lower the prices of our products, we can't rule out the possibility that our
competitors will do exactly the
same.

run out (of something)

to have no more
I can't print any more copies. The ink's run out.
I can't print any more copies. The printer's run out of ink.
run through something
to check by repeating
I want to run through the presentation just once more to make sure I've got it
right.
Let's run through the names again and see if we can think of anyone else.
rush into something
to decide too quickly
I'm not going to rush into anything now. Leave me the details and I'll look at
them when I have a bit more
time.
Let's not rush into a decision on this. Think about it over the weekend, and we'll
meet back here at 10 o'clock
on Monday morning.
scale something down
to reduce in size
We're going to have to scale down the plans for expansion until there's an upturn
in the economy.
Your projected costs will have to be scaled down. Remember, there are other
departments that want money
for new equipment too!
see to something
to do, to deal with
I'll see to the arrangements for next week's meeting if you deal with the work
outstanding for today.
The photocopier needs seeing to. It hasn't been working properly for at least a
week.
set someone back something
to cost
I know that this building isn't big enough for us now, but a new building
will set the company back millions of

pounds.
The new equipment we bought for the R&D Department set us back over
500,000.
set off
to leave on a journey
I had to book you on the early flight because the usual one was full. You'll need
to set off really early.
If we set off from here at around eleven, we should be there in plenty of time for
the meeting.
set something up
to start, to establish, to install equipment
The company was set up by the current director in 1987.
We can set up a committee to look at the possibility of changing the company's
pension scheme.
Set up the screen and the camera in front of the table so we can see them and
they'll be able to see us.
shoot up
to increase rapidly
The number of accidents in the factory has shot up recently. We'll have to check
our safety measures because
something's clearly going wrong.
The price of raw materials is shooting up, and soon we'll have to think about
passing the cost on to the
consumer.
sink in
to be slowly understood
How long is it going to take to sink in? The company's in trouble and something
needs to be done about it
now!
The news of the company cutbacks may take a while to sink in, but you should
prepare yourself to deal with
lots of queries from the staff.
sort something out
to solve a problem

I'll speak to you as soon as I've sorted out this problem with the Inland Revenue.
We're still having problems with the internet connections. I thought you were
going to sort it out.
speak up
to speak more loudly
I'm sorry, this is a very bad line. Can you speak up?
You'll have to speak up or the people at the back won't be able to hear.
stand for something
to represent
This company has always stood for quality and reliability, and that's not going to
change.
The letters R&D stand for Research and Development.
stand in (for someone)
to take someone's place
I'm sorry, I can't help you. I'm just standing in (for her) until she comes back to
work tomorrow. Could you
ring back then?
The personnel manager's just phoned in sick, so we need to find someone
to stand in for him on the training
course.
step something up
to increase
If we get any more orders we'll need to step up production.
The speed with which we deal with complaints needs to be stepped up.
sum (something) up
to summarise the main points
So, to sum up, the main points to remember are that we need to find new
markets, invest in new
technology....
If I had to sum it up in one word, I would say that the image of this company is
reliability.

Grammar notes: phrasal verbs t-z

take something down

to note information
You'll need to take down everything we say in the meeting, enter it on the
computer, then print it out and
give everyone a copy.
OK, I'll take down all your details and then your complaint can be passed to the
relevant department.
take something on
to assume responsibility
to employ
Your secretary can take on the extra work until we find a permanent
replacement.
I don't really want to be promoted because I don't want to take on the extra
responsibility.
We'll need to take on extra staff over the summer to cover the people on holiday.
take something out
to obtain a legal or official document
The company can take out a short-term loan to pay for the new computer
system, and then pay it back with
the money saved by reducing the number of staff.
We took out extra insurance to cover possible losses caused by computer
viruses.
take something over
to gain control
take over from someone
to replace
The shop was taken over by one of its competitors.
We took the company over in 1996, and since then we have doubled profits.
We need to recruit a new secretary to take over from yours while she's on
maternity leave.
touch on something
to mention
I'd like to touch on a number of subjects in this meeting.
The manager didn't touch on the subject of staff reductions in the meeting with
the union rep.

turn something down

to refuse, reject, to reduce
I'm afraid your application has been turned down again.
I'd love to accept your offer of a job, but I'll have to turn it down because I'm
happy with my present
company.
It's so hot in this office! Can't we turn the heating down?
turn (something) out
to produce
turn out to be
turn out that
to end as
Once we get the new machinery installed, the factory will be able to turn
out twice the number of cars it
produces today.
Your plan for cutting costs turned out to be very successful, so we've decided to
give you a bonus.
It turned out that the new manager went to school with the director, but they
hadn't seen each other for 20
years.
walk out
to leave in protest
The factory staff walked out when they heard that the union representative had
been disciplined for attending
a meeting.
If you walk out now you won't have the opportunity to come back!
weigh

something up

to assess

We'll have to weigh the situation up very carefully before we take any action.
I weighed up all the pros and cons before I decided to leave the old job and take
the new one.
wind (something) down
to reduce business

The business has been winding down ever since the director left it to his brother.
When production was relocated to Manchester, the London branch was
gradually wound down.
work something out
to solve a problem
work out
to be all right in the end
Can you give me a hand? I can't work this calculation out at all.
I've read the instructions, but I still can't work out how this program works.

Don't worry. It'll all work out OK.

Phrasal Verb

Meaning

Abide by

Accept or follow a decision or rule

Account for

To explain

Ache for

Want something or someone a lot

Act on /Act upon

To take action because of something like

information received.

Act on /Act upon

Affect

Act out

Perform something with actions and gestures

Act out

Express an emotion in your behaviour

Act up

Behave badly or strangely

Add on

Include in a calculation

Add up

To make a mathematical total

Add up

Be a satisfactory explanation for something

Add up to

Have a certain result

Add up to

Come to a certain amount or figure

Agree with

Affect- usually used in the negative to show

that something has had a negative effect,
especially is it makes you feel bad.

Aim at

To target

Aim at

Intend to achieve

Allow for

Include something in a plan or calculation

Allow of

Make possible, permit

Angle for

Try to get something indirectly by hinting or

suggesting

Answer back

To reply rudely to someone in authority

Answer for

Be held responsible for a problem

Answer for

Speak on behalf of someone or from knowing

them

Sentence

Argue down

Beat someone in a debate, discussion or

argument

Argue down

Persuade someone to drop the price of

something they're selling.

Argue down

Argue about a problem to find a solution.

Ask about

Ask how someone is doing, especially

professionally and in terms of a health

Ask after

Enquire about someone's health, how life is

going.

Ask around

Ask a number of people for information of

help.

Ask around

Invite someone.

Ask for

To provoke a negative reaction

Ask for

Request to have or be given.

Ask in

To invite somebody into your house

Ask out

To invite someone for a date.

Ask over

Invite

Ask round

Invite someone.

Auction off

Sell something in an auction.

English - Auxiliaries
am, is, are, was, were, do, does, did, have, has, had are called Primary Auxiliaries.
Will, shall, would, should, can, could, may, might, ought to, must, need are called Modal Auxiliaries.
The Primary Auxiliaries can be used as helping verbs as well as principal verbs.
The Modal Auxiliaries are always used as helping verbs. In other words they cannot be used as Principal
verbs.
Eg.,
Am
I am a software professional.
I am working for Wipro.
In the above first sentence am was used as a principal verb and in the second it was used as a helping verb.
Is
He is a doctor.
He is performing a surgery at the movement.
Are
We are students of Hansraj College.
We are participating in a football tournament here.
Was
Kalidasa was a great poet.
Gopal was riding a bi-cycle when he was hit by a scooter.
Were
They were my classmates in Dehradun.
They were going to Goa when their train met with an accident.
Have
I have many grammar books at home.
I have read all of them.
Has
He has a laptop with him.
He has put it in his briefcase.

Had
I had a beautiful pen.
I had bought it in 2004.
Do
They do their work sincerely.
They do not go home before 8 pm.
Does
He does his work efficiently.
He does not waste even a single minute.
Did
She did her job.
Did she come to office yesterday?
Modal Auxiliaries
Modal Auxiliaries can only be used as a helping verb.
Will It is used to express intention. It is normally used in future tense.
We will go to Jaisalmer next week.
They will visit our place in February.
Will they accompany you for lunch?
Would It is the past form of will.
He would complete his work by this time tomorrow.
She would be going for her dance classes from next week.
Would you like to have a glass of water?
Shall
Shall I take leave tomorrow?
Shall we go on a picnic next week?
Shall we have coffee in CP?
Should
You should pay attention in the class.
Should I accompany her to her house?
You should drink two glasses of water daily in the morning.
May It is used to indicate possibility.
I may come to your house tomorrow.
It may rain in the evening.
Government may hike the price of petrol and diesel.
May I borrow your book for a couple of days?
Might It is the past form of may and is used to express less certain situations.
I might take a leave tomorrow.
Dad might come to office the day after tomorrow.
Mid term elections might be announced in mid March.

ADVERB
Adverbs are used to modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb:
Kinds of Adverbs
1. Adverbs of Manner
The Adverbs like wisely, foolishly, well, fast, slowly, bravely shows how (or the manner in which) an action is
done. Such Adverbs are called Adverbs of Manner. Adverb of Manner answer the question -'How'?
For Example:
1. She ran fast.
2. Adverbs of Place
The Adverbs like outside, everywhere, here, there, hither, thither, out, forward shows where an action is done.
Such Adverbs are called Adverbs of Place. Adverb of Place answer the question -'where'?
For Example:

1. School children are playing outside.

3. Adverbs of Time
The Adverbs today like yesterday, tomorrow, daily, early, presently, immediately show when an action is done
are called Adverbs of time. Adverb of time answer the question -'when'?
For Example:
1. School children do their homework daily.
4. Adverbs of Number
The Adverbs which shows how often an action is done like twice, always, done. Adverb of Number answer the
question -'How often'?
For Example:
1. He seldom came here.
5. Adverbs of Degree
These Adverbs, which show how much or to what extent a thing is done, are called Adverb of Degree.
For Example:
1. The coffee was extremely hot.
6. Interrogative Adverbs
Adverbs which are used for asking questions are called 'Interrogative Adverbs'.
For Example:
1. When did he come?

ADJECTIVES
ADJECTIVES
Adjective gives more specific about noun or pronoun.
It may answer any of three specific questions about the noun(s) or pronoun(s) : what kind?, which one(s)? or
how many?
Adjectives are also called modifiers because they modify the image of noun we have in mind. For example if we
say Car which is noun, It is very general term now if we specify more clearly white BMW car it gives more
clear picture of the same.
Articles are kind of Adjectives which give information about Nouns
Read More on Articles
Proper Adjectives
They look like proper nouns because they are captialized but they are modifying nouns, and therefore are
called adjectives.
It will answer the question what kind or which one? about the noun.
For Example : Darjeeling Tea is very famous around the world.
Now, kind of Tea is Darjeeling (which is a place in India). Here, it is Proper Adjective.

Possessive Adjectives
A possessive adjective ("my," "your," "his," "her," "its," "our," "their") is similar or identical to a possessive
pronoun; however, it is used as an adjective and modifies a noun or a noun phrase.
Demonstrative Adjectives
The demonstrative adjectives "this," "these," "that," "those," and "what" are identical to the demonstrative
pronouns, but are used as adjectives to modify nouns or noun phrase.
Interrogative Adjectives
An interrogative adjective ("which" or "what") is like an interrogative pronoun, except that it modifies a noun
or noun phrase rather than standing on its own.
Indefinite Adjectives
An indefinite adjective is similar to an indefinite pronoun, except that it modifies a noun, pronoun, or noun
phrase.

ADJECTIVES
ADJECTIVES : Degree of Comparison
Adjective change in form when they show comparison.
Positive Degree: An adjective is said to be in the positive degree when there is no comparison.
Comparative Degree: An adjective is said to be in the comparitive degree when it is used to compare two
nouns/pronouns.
Superlative Degree: An adjective is in superlative degree when it is used to compare more than two
nouns/pronouns. We use the article 'the' before the superlative degrees.
Formation of Comparative & Superlative Degrees of Adjectives
Adjectives usually form their comparative and superlative degrees:
1) by addition of '-er' and '-est' to the positive degree
POSITIVE

COMPARATIVE

SUPERLATIVE

bright

brighter

brightest

black

blacker

blackest

bold

bolder

boldest

clever

cleverer

cleverest

cold

colder

coldest

fast

faster

fastest

great

greater

greatest

high

higher

highest

kind

kinder

kindest

long

longer

longest

rich

richer

richest

small

smaller

smallest

strong

stronger

strongest

sweet

sweeter

sweetest

tall

taller

tallest

thick

thicker

thickest

young

younger

youngest

2) by addition of '-r' and '-st' to the positive degree ending in 'e'

POSITIVE

COMPARATIVE

SUPERLATIVE

brave

braver

bravest

fine

finer

finest

large

larger

largest

nice

nicer

nicest

noble

nobler

noblest

pale

paler

palest

simple

simpler

simplest

wise

wiser

wisest

white

whiter

whitest

3) When the positive ends in 'y' and has a consonant before it, we change 'y' into 'i' and then add
'er' and 'est'.
By deleting the final y and adding ier and iest
POSITIVE

COMPARATIVE

SUPERLATIVE

costly

costlier

costliest

dry

drier

driest

easy

easier

easiest

happy

happier

happiest

heavy

heavier

heaviest

lazy

lasier

lasiest

mercy

mercier

merciest

wealthy

wealthier

wealthiest

4) when the positive degree ends in a consonant with a vowel before it, we double the consonant &
then add '-er' and '-est'
POSITIVE

COMPARATIVE

SUPERLATIVE

big

bigger

biggest

dim

dimmer

dimmest

fat

fatter

fattest

hot

hotter

hottest

thin

thinner

thinnest

5) by addition of '-er' and '-est' to the positive degree when it ends in '-y'
POSITIVE

COMPARATIVE

SUPERLATIVE

gay

gayer

gayest

grey

greyer

greyest

5) by placing 'more' and 'most' before the positive form

POSITIVE

COMPARATIVE

SUPERLATIVE

active

more active

most active

attractive

more attractive

most attractive

beautiful

more beautiful

most beautiful

brilliant

more brilliant

most brilliant

careful

more careful

most careful

courageous

more courageous

most courageous

cunning

more cunning

most cunning

difficult

more difficult

most difficult

famous

more famous

most famous

faithful

more faithful

most faithful

important

more important

most important

proper

more proper

most proper

popular

more popular

most popular

splendid

more splendid

most splendid

suitable

more suitable

most suitable

Some adjectives do not follow any of the rules explained earlier. They are compared irregularly. Here are the
different forms of such adjectives.

POSITIVE

COMPARATIVE

SUPERLATIVE

bad

worse

worst

evil

worse

worst

good

better

best

ill

worse

worst

far

farther

farthest

well

better

best

late

later

latest (time)

late

later

last (position)

little

less

least

much

more

most

many

more

most

near

nearer

nearest

old

older

oldest

old

elder

eldest

PREPOSITIONS
Prepositions is a word that connects one thing with another, showing how they are related.
Types of Prepositions
--- OF PLACE
Prepositions that gives us information about the place, location or position of a noun or pronoun in relation to
something else are called prepositions of place.
For Example:
1) My uncle lives at Lahore in Pakistan.

* A preposition is usually followed by a noun or pronoun.

For Example:
My brother is jumping into the pool.
* Some prepositions are used to talk about time.
For Example:
We have dinner at 9:00 AM.

CONJUNCTIONS
A conjunction is a linking word such as and, or, but. Conjuctions are used to connect words or sentences.
Conjuctions of Time:
Before, after, as, when, while, until, since are also conjuctions of time because they tell when something has
happen.
Conjunctions are divided into two classes: a) Co-ordinative
b) Subordinative
a) Co- ordinative Conjuctions : join sentences of equal rank.
Co-ordinative Conjunctions
And

Sprouts and juice is healthy breakfast.

But

He is good person but he is short tempered.

Else

Take precautions else you will fell ill.

Or

Would you like to have coffee or tea?

b) Sub- ordinative Conjuctions : join sentences of unequal parts.

Co-ordinative Conjunctions
after
although
as
because
before
but that
if
in order that
lest
no matter
how
since
so that
supposing
than
that

though
till
unless
until
what
when
whenever
where
whereas
wherever
whether
which
while
who
why
even though

INTERJECTIONS
An Interjection is a word that expresses a sudden feeling such as suprise, pain or pleasure. Often exclamation
point (!) is used after interjections.
For Example :Cheers!
Ssh!
Ouch!
Hooray!
Aah!
Wow!

English - Tenses
We express our ideas mostly in terms of time. Tenses come to the aid of communicator in this regard.
There are three type of Tenses :
I) Present Tense
II) Past Tense
III) Future Tense
Each Tense has four sub categories. They are :
I) Present Tense
a) Simple Present
b) Present Continuous
c) Present Perfect
d) Present Perfect Continuous

English - Present Tenses

English :: Tenses :: Present Tenses
I) Present Tense

(a) Simple Present : This Tense is used to express the habits, daily routine and universal truths. In
this tense the first form of the verb is used.
Taking the verb eat we can make sentences in the following manner :
The formula for simple present is Subject + V1
I eat an apple everyday.
We eat apples everyday.
You eat apples everyday.
He eats an apple everyday.
She eats an apple everyday.
It eats an apple everyday.
They eat apples everyday.
(b) Present Continuous : This Tense is used to express an action which is continuing or taking place
now. In this tense the ing form of the verb is used.
The formula for present continuous is Subject + Aux +V4 (ing form)
I am eating an apple now.
We are eating apples now.
You are eating an apple now.
He is eating an apple now.
She is eating an apple now.
It is eating an apple now.
They are eating apples now.
(c) Present Perfect : This Tense is used to express an action which is over just now or completed
today. In this tense the third form of the verb is used.
The formula for present perfect is Subject +Auxiliary Verb + V3 (Past Participle Form)
I have eaten an apple today.
We have eaten apples today.
You have eaten an apple today.
He has eaten an apple today.
She has eaten an apple today.
It has eaten an apple today.
They have eaten apples today.
(c) Present Perfect Continuous : This Tense is used to express an action which began at some point of
time in the past and is still continuing. In this tense the ing form of the verb is used.
The formula for present perfect continuous is Subject+Aux+Aux+V4(ing form)
I have been eating apples for the last three months.
We have been eating apples for the last three months.
You have been eating apples for the last three months.
He has been eating apples for the last three months.
She has been eating apples for the last three months.
It has been eating apples for the last three months.
They have been eating apples for the last three months.

II) Past Tense

a) Simple Past
b) Past Continuous
c) Past Perfect
d) Past Perfect Continuous

English - Past Tenses

English :: Tenses :: Past Tenses
II) Past Tense
(a) Simple Past : This Tense is used to express an action which is over or completed at some point of
time in the past. In this tense the second form of the verb is used.
The formula for simple past is Subject + V2
I ate an apple yesterday.
We ate apples yesterday.

You ate an apple yesterday.

He ate an apple yesterday.
She ate an apple yesterday.
It ate an apple yesterday.
They ate apples yesterday.
(b) Past Continuous : This Tense is used to express an action which was continuing at some point of
time in the past. In this tense the ing form of the verb is used.
The formula for past continuous is Subject +Aux + V4(ing form)
I was eating an apple yesterday.
We were eating apples yesterday.
You were eating an apple yesterday.
He was eating an apple yesterday.
She was eating an apple yesterday.
It was eating an apple yesterday.
They were eating apples yesterday.
(c) Past Perfect : This Tense is used to express an action which was over long ago. In this tense the
third form of the verb is used.
The formula for past perfect is Subject +Aux + V3
I had eaten an apple six years ago.
We had eaten apples six years ago.
You had eaten an apple six years ago.
He had eaten an apple six years ago.
She had eaten an apple six years ago.
It had eaten an apple six years ago.
They had eaten apples six years ago.
(d) Past Perfect Continuous : This Tense is used to express an action which began at some point of
time in the past, continued for some time and was subsequently discontinued. In this tense the
ing form of the verb is used.
The formula for past perfect continuous is Subject +Aux +Aux + V4(ing form)
I had been eating apples until last year.
We had been eating apples until last year.
You had been eating apples until last year.
He had been eating apples until last year.
She had been eating apples until last year.
It had been eating apples until last year.
They had been eating apples until last year.

III) Future Tense

a) Simple Future
b) Future Continuous
c) Future Perfect
d) Future Perfect Continuous

English - Future Tenses

English :: Tenses :: Future Tenses
III) Future Tense
(a) Simple Future : This Tense is used to express intention. In this tense the first form of the verb is
used.
The formula for simple future is Subject + Aux + V1
I will eat an apple tomorrow.
We will eat apples tomorrow.
You will eat an apple tomorrow.
He will eat an apple tomorrow.
She will eat an apple tomorrow.
It will eat an apple tomorrow.
They will eat apples tomorrow.

Here it may be mentioned that strict grammar rules prefer the use of shall for I and We First person
singular and plural. However, in interrogative sentences shall has to be used with I & We instead
of will.
(b) Future Continuous : This Tense is used to express an action which is imagined to be continuing at
some point of time in future. In this tense the ing form of the verb is used.
The formula for future continuous is Subject +Aux+Aux+ V4(ing form)
I will be eating an apple tomorrow in the evening.
We will be eating apples tomorrow in the evening.
You will be eating an apple tomorrow in the evening.
He will be eating an apple tomorrow in the evening.
She will be eating an apple tomorrow in the evening.
It will be eating an apple tomorrow in the evening.
They will be eating apples tomorrow in the evening.

(c) Future Perfect : This Tense is used to express an action which is imagined to have been
completed at some point of time in future. It may be noted that this tense is basically theoretical
and rarely used.
The formula for future perfect is Subject+Aux+Aux+V3
I will have eaten an apple by this time tomorrow.
We will have eaten apples by this time tomorrow.
You will have eaten an apple by this time tomorrow.
He will have eaten an apple by this time tomorrow.
She will have eaten an apple by this time tomorrow.
It will have eaten an apple by this time tomorrow.
They will have eaten apples by this time tomorrow.
(d) Future Perfect Continuous : This Tense is used to express an action which is imagined to began at
some point of time in future and continue for sometime. It may be noted that this tense is basically
theoretical and rarely used. In this tense the ing form of the verb is used.
The formula for future perfect is Subject+Aux+Aux+Aux +V4
I will have been eating apples from next year.
We will have been eating apples from next year.
You will have been eating apples from next year.
He will have been eating apples from next year.
She will have been eating apples from next year.
It will have been eating apples from next year.
They will have been eating apples from next year.

And English grammar has classified human beings, animals and things into 7 categories.
They are : I, We, You, He, She, It and They.
I is called First Person Singular.
We is called First Person Plural.
You is called Second Person Singular / Plural.
He is called Third Person Singular.
She is called Third Person Singular.
It is called Third Person Singular.
They is called Third Person Plural.
One should be extremely careful in the use of third person singular especially in Simple Present and
Present Perfect Tenses.

English - Verbs
Proper use of verbs is very important to speak and write correct English. Every verb has three forms (Base
Form, Past Form, Past Participle Form) followed by its ing form. We are presenting you verb list in a easy to
learn form. It has been segregated as follows :
Verbs in which all the three forms are different
Verbs in which all two forms are identical

Verbs in which all three forms are identical

Following is the list of Verbs in which all the three forms are different
Base Form

Past Form

Past Participle Form

ing form

Abide

Abided

Abided/Abidden

Abiding

Arise

Arose

Arisen

Arising

Awake

Awoke

Awoken

Awaking

Be

Was/Were

Been

Being

Bear

Bore

Born/Borne

Bearing

Beat

Beat

Beaten

Beating

Begin

Began

Begun

Beginning

Bid

Bade

Bidden

Bidding

Bite

Bit

Bitten

Biting

Blow

Blew

Blown

Blowing

Break

Broke

Broken

Breaking

Choose

Chose

Chosen

Choosing

Do

Did

Done

Doing

Draw

Drew

Drawn

Drawing

Drink

Drank

Drunk

Drinking

Drive

Drove

Driven

Driving

Eat

Ate

Eaten

Eating

Fall

Fell

Fallen

Falling

Fly

Flew

Flown

Flying

Forbid

Forbade

Forbidden

Forbidding

Foresee

Foresaw

Foreseen

Foreseeing

Forget

Forgot

Forgotten

Forgetting

Forgive

Forgave

Forgiven

Forgiving

Forsake

Forsook

Forsaken

Forsaking

Freeze

Froze

Frozen

Freezing

Give

Gave

Given

Giving

Go

Went

Gone

Going

Grow

Grew

Grown

Growing

Hide

Hid

Hidden

Hiding

Know

Knew

Known

Knowing

Lie

Lay

Lain

Lying

Mistake

Mistook

Mistaken

Mistaking

Mow

Mowed

Mown

Mowing

Overdraw

Overdrew

Overdrawn

Overdrawing

Overtake

Overtook

Overtaken

Overtaking

Re-prove

Re-proved

Re-proven/Re-proved

Re-proving

Ride

Rode

Ridden

Riding

Ring

Rang

Rung

Ringing

Rise

Rose

Risen

Rising

Rive

Rived

Riven/Rived

Riving

Saw

Sawed

Sawn/Sawed

Sawing

See

Saw

Seen

Seeing

Sew

Sewed

Sewn/Sewed

Sewing

Shake

Shook

Shaken

Shaking

Shave

Shaved

Shaven/Shaved

Shaving

Show

Showed

Shown

Showing

Shrink

Shrank

Shrunk

Shrinking

Sing

Sang

Sung

Singing

Sink

Sank

Sunk

Sinking

Slay

Slew

Slain

Slaying

Slide

Slid

Slid/Slidden

Sliding

Sow

Sowed

Sown

Sowing

Speak

Spoke

Spoken

Speaking

Spin

Span/Spun

Spun

Spinning

Spit

Spat/Spit

Spat/Spit

Spitting

Split

Split

Split

Splitting

Spoil

Spoilt/Spoiled

Spoilt/Spoiled

Spoiling

Spread

Spread

Spread

Spreading

Spring

Sprang

Sprung

Springing

Stand

Stood

Stood

Standing

Steal

Stole

Stolen

Stealing

Stride

Strode/Strided

Stridden

Striding

Strike

Struck

Struck/Stricken

Striking

Strive

Strove

Striven

Striving

Swear

Swore

Sworn

Swearing

Swell

Swelled

Swollen

Swelling

Swim

Swam

Swum

Swimming

Take

Took

Taken

Taking

Thrive

Throve/Thrived

Thriven/Thrived

Thriving

Throw

Threw

Thrown

Throwing

Tread

Trod

Trodden

Treading

Undergo

Underwent

Undergone

Undergoing

Undertake

Undertook

Undertaken

Undertaking

Wake

Woke

Woken

Waking

Wear

Wore

Worn

Wearing

Weave

Wove

Woven

Weaving

Withdraw

Withdrew

Withdrawn

Withdrawing

Write

Wrote

Written

Writing

Verbs in which all two forms are identical

Base Form

Past Form

Past Participle Form

ing form

Alight

Alit/Alighted

Alit/Alighted

Alighting

Bend

Bent

Bent

Bending

Become

Became

Become

Becoming

Behold

Beheld

Beheld

Beholding

Bleed

Bled

Bled

Bleeding

Bring

Brought

Brought

Bringing

Buy

Bought

Bought

Buying

Bind

Bound

Bound

Binding

Broadcast

Broadcast/Broadcasted

Broadcast/Broadcasted

Broadcasting

Burn

Burnt/Burned

Burnt/Burned

Burning

Build

Built

Built

Building

Breed

Bred

Bred

Breeding

Catch

Caught

Caught

Catching

Cost

Cost

Cost

Costing

Clap

Clapped/Clapt

Clapped/Clapt

Clapping

Clothe

Clad/Clothed

Clad/Clothed

Clothing

Come

Came

Come

Coming

Creep

Crept

Crept

Creeping

Dare

Dared

Dared

Daring

Deal

Dealt

Dealt

Dealing

Dig

Dug

Dug

Digging

Dream

Dreamt/Dreamed

Dreamt/Dreamed

Dreaming

Dwell

Dwelt

Dwelt

Dwelling

Feed

Fed

Fed

Feeding

Feel

Felt

Felt

Feeling

Fight

Fought

Fought

Fighting

Find

Found

Found

Finding

Fit

Fit/Fitted

Fit/Fitted

Fitting

Foretell

Foretold

Foretold

Foretelling

Flee

Fled

Fled

Fleeing

Fling

Flung

Flung

Flinging

Forecast

Forecast/Forecasted

Forecast/Forecasted

Forecasting

Get

Got

Got/Gotten

Getting

Grind

Ground

Ground

Grinding

Hang

Hung/Hanged

Hung/Hanged

Hanging

Have

Had

Had

Having

Hear

Heard

Heard

Hearing

Hold

Held

Held

Holding

Inlay

Inlaid

Inlaid

Inlaying

Input

Input/Inputted

Input/Inputted

Inputting

Interlay

Interlaid

Interlaid

Interlaying

Keep

Kept

Kept

Keeping

Kneel

Knelt/Kneeled

Knelt/Kneeled

Kneeling

Knit

Knit/Knitted

Knit/Knitted

Knitting

Lay

Laid

Laid

laying

Lead

Led

Led

Leading

Lean

Leant/Leaned

Leant/Leaned

Leaning

Leap

Leapt/Leaped

Leapt/Leaped

Leaping

Learn

Learnt/Learned

Learnt/Learned

Learning

Leave

Left

Left

Leaving

Lend

Lent

Lent

Lending

Lie

Lied

Lied

lying

Light

Lit

Lit

Lighting

Lose

Lost

Lost

Losing

Make

Made

Made

Making

Mean

Meant

Meant

Meaning

Meet

Met

Met

Meeting

Melt

Melted

Molten/Melted

Melting

Misunderstand

Misunderstood

Misunderstood

Misunderstanding

Miswed

Miswed/Miswedded

Miswed/Miswedded

Miswedding

Mislead

Misled

Misled

Misleading

Overhear

Overheard

Overheard

Overhearing

Pay

Paid

Paid

Paying

Preset

Preset

Preset

Presetting

Prove

Proved

Proven/Proved

Proving

Rid

Rid/Ridded

Rid/Ridded

Ridding

Run

Ran

Run

Running

Say

Said

Said

Saying

Seek

Sought

Sought

Seeking

Sell

Sold

Sold

Selling

Send

Sent

Sent

Sending

Shear

Shore/Sheared

Shorn/Sheared

Shearing

Shine

Shone

Shone

Shining

Shoe

Shod

Shod

Shoeing

Shoot

Shot

Shot

Shooting

Sit

Sat

Sat

Sitting

Sleep

Slept

Slept

Sleeping

Sling

Slung

Slung

Slinging

Slink

Slunk

Slunk

Slinking

Smell

Smelt/Smelled

Smelt/Smelled

Smelling

Sneak

Sneaked/Snuck

Sneaked/Snuck

Sneaking

Soothsay

Soothsaid

Soothsaid

Soothsaying

Speed

Sped/Speeded

Sped/Speeded

Speeding

Spell

Spelt/Spelled

Spelt/Spelled

Spelling

Spend

Spent

Spent

Spending

Spill

Spilt/Spilled

Spilt/Spilled

Spilling

String

Strung

Strung

Stringing

Strip

Stript/Stripped

Stript/Stripped

Stripping

Stick

Stuck

Stuck

Sticking

Sting

Stung

Stung

Stinging

Stink

Stank

Stunk

Stinking

Sweat

Sweat/Sweated

Sweat/Sweated

Sweating

Sweep

Swept/Sweeped

Swept/Sweeped

Sweeping

Sunburn

Sunburned/Sunburnt

Sunburned/Sunburnt

Sunburning

Swing

Swung

Swung

Swinging

Teach

Taught

Taught

Teaching

Tell

Told

Told

Telling

Think

Thought

Thought

Thinking

Tear

Tore

Torn

Tearing

Understand

Understood

Understood

Understanding

Vex

Vext/Vexed

Vext/Vexed

Vexing

Wed

Wed/Wedded

Wed/Wedded

Wedding

Weep

Wept

Wept

Weeping

Wend

Wended/Went

Wended/Went

Wending

Wet

Wet/Wetted

Wet/Wetted

Wetting

Win

Won

Won

Winning

Wind

Wound

Wound

Winding

Withstand

Withstood

Withstood

Withstanding

Wring

Wrung

Wrung

Wringing

Withhold

Withheld

Withheld

Withholding

Zinc

Zinced/Zincked

Zinced/Zincked

Zincking

Verbs in which all three forms are identical

Base Form

Past Form

Past Participle Form

ing form

Bet

Bet

Bet

Betting

Burst

Burst

Burst

Bursting

Bust

Bust

Bust

Busting

Bid

Bid

Bid

Bidding

Cast

Cast

Cast

Casting

Cut

Cut

Cut

Cutting

Hit

Hit

Hit

Hitting

Hurt

Hurt

Hurt

Hurting

Let

Let

Let

Letting

Put

Put

Put

Putting

Quit

Quit

Quit

Quitting

Read

Read

Read

Reading

Set

Set

Set

Setting

Shed

Shed

Shed

Shedding

Slit

Slit

Slit

Slitting

Shut

Shut

Shut

Shutting

Sublet

Sublet

Sublet

Subletting

Thrust

Thrust

Thrust

Thrusting

Upset

Upset

Upset

Upsetting

English - Articles
a, an and the are the three articles used in English language. a and an are called indefinite
Articles and the is called the definite article.
a and an are used in the sense of one. The indefinite Article a is used before words beginning with
consonants or consonantal sound. The indefinite Article an is used before words beginning with vowels or
vowel sound.
Eg. :
Ragu ate a banana.
The young boy saw a tiger.
The Principal declared a holiday for the college tomorrow.
In all the above three examples the article a was used in the sense of one.
Sita ate an apple in the morning.
Ravi saw an elephant in the circus.
An old man was walking across the street.
Eating an orange everyday is also good for health.
Raghu lost an umbrella in class.
Gita wanted an ink-stand.
In all the above three examples the article an was used in the sense of one.
Here it has to be emphasized that students should be careful in noticing the vowel sound. In certain cases the
word may begin with a vowel but it may have a consonantal sound. In such a case the indefinite article a
should be used.
Eg. :
He gave the beggar a one-rupee coin.
I met a European in Karol-Bagh.
Screwdriver is a useful instrument.
This is a University.
Similarly, in other cases the word may begin with a consonant but it may have a vowel sound. In such a case
the indefinite article an should be used.
Eg. :
He is an honest officer.
There are 60 minutes in an hour.
He is an heir to crores of property.
The definite article the is used before the names of rivers, mountain ranges and things which are unique in
the world.
Eg. :
The
The
The
The
The

Ganges is a polluted river now.

Yamuna flows through Delhi.
Himalayas are the highest mountain ranges in the world.
Sun rises in the east.
Moon has a cycle of one month.

The definite article the is used before superlatives.

Eg. :

Kumar is the cleverest boy in the class.

Geeta is the tallest girl in the class.
Cheeta is the fastest animal.
The definite article the is used to refer to a particular person or thing.
Eg. :
The patient who was admitted in the hospital yesterday, died today morning.
The apple which was kept on the table is rotten.
The computer we bought last month is infected by virus.
The definite article the is used before Holy books.
The Ramayana, The Mahabharta
The Quran, The Bible, The Bhagwatgita
It is also used in comparison :
Eg :
Mumbai is considered the Manchester of India.
Kalidasa is the Shakespeare of India.

nglish - Active & Passive Voice

The most famous sentence, most of us are familiar is:
Ram killed Ravana. - Active Voice
Ravana was killed by Ram. - Passive Voice
Here the first sentence is said to be in Active Voice and the second sentence in Passive Voice.
A sentence is said to be in Active Voice when the subject does something. Similarly, a sentence is said to be in
Passive Voice when something is done to the subject.
In the above sentence Ram is the subject and Ravana is the object. In the active voice sentence Ram i.e.,
the subject has killed the object Ravana. In the second sentence Ravana is the subject but he allowed himself
to be killed by subject Ram. Here the subject is Passive. Therefore, it is called Passive voice.
Eg. :
Raghu kicked the ball.
In this sentence Raghu is the subject and ball is the ' object'. The word kicked is the verb.
Here it must be noted that:
I becomes me in Passive voice
We becomes us
You remains you
He becomes him
She becomes her
It remains it
They becomes them.
Here also the active voice and passive voice are expressed in different tenses.

I) Present Tense
a) Simple Present

I watch movies every week. - Active Voice

Movies are watched by me every week. - Passive Voice
We watch movies every week.
Movies are watched by us every week.
You watch movies every week.
Movies are watched by you every week.
He watches movies every week.
Movies are watched by him every week.
She watches movies every week.
Movies are watched by her every week.
It watches movies every week.
Movies are watched by it every week.
They watch movies every week.
Movies are watched by them every week.
b) Present Continuous
I am watching a movie now.
A movie is being watched by me now.
We are watching a movie now.
A movie is being watched by us now.
You are watching a movie now.
A movie is being watched by you now.
He is watching a movie now.
A movie is being watched by him now.
She is watching a movie now.
A movie is being watched by her now.
It is watching a movie now.
A movie is being watched by it now.
They are watching a movie now.
A movie is being watched by them now.
c) Present Perfect
I have watched a movie today.
A movie has been watched by me today.
We have watched a movie today.
A movie has been watched by us today.
You have watched a movie today.
A movie has been watched by you today.
He has watched a movie today.
A movie has been watched by him today.
She has watched a movie today.
A movie has been watched by her today.

It has watched a movie today.

A movie has been watched by it today.
They have watched a movie today.
A movie has been watched by them today.
d) Present Perfect Continuous
Normally ideas are not expressed in Passive Voice in this tense. Therefore it is better to avoid attempting a
Passive Voice in any Perfect Continuous Tense.
II) Past Tense
a) Simple Past
I watched a movie yesterday.
A movie was watched by me yesterday.
We watched a movie yesterday.
A movie was watched by us yesterday.
You watched a movie yesterday.
A movie was watched by you yesterday.
He watched a movie yesterday.
A movie was watched by him yesterday.
She watched a movie yesterday.
A movie was watched by you yesterday.
It watched a movie yesterday.
A movie was watched by it yesterday.
They watched a movie yesterday.
A movie was watched by them yesterday.
b) Past Continuous
I was watching a movie yesterday.
A movie was being watched by me yesterday.
We were watching a movie yesterday.
A movie was being watched by me yesterday.
You were watching a movie yesterday.
A movie was being watched by you yesterday.
He was watching a movie yesterday.
A movie was being watched by him yesterday.
She was watching a movie yesterday.
A movie was being watched by her yesterday.
It was watching a movie yesterday.
A movie was being watched by it yesterday.
They were watching a movie yesterday.
A movie was being watched by them yesterday.
c) Past Perfect

I had watched a movie three years ago.

A movie had been watched by me three years ago.
We had watched a movie three years ago.
A movie had been watched by us three years ago.
You had watched a movie three years ago.
A movie had been watched by me three years ago.
He had watched a movie three years ago.
A movie had been watched by him three years ago.
She had watched a movie three years ago.
A movie had been watched by her three years ago.
It had watched a movie three years ago.
A movie had been watched by it three years ago.
They had watched a movie three years ago.
A movie had been watched by them three years ago.
d) Past Perfect Continuous
As we indicated earlier, ideas are normally not expressed in Passive Voice in this tense. Therefore it is better to
avoid attempting a Passive Voice in any Perfect Continuous Tense.
III) Future Tense
a) Simple Future
I will watch a movie tomorrow.
A movie will be watched by me tomorrow.
We will watch a movie tomorrow.
A movie will be watched by us tomorrow.
You will watch a movie tomorrow.
A movie will be watched by you tomorrow.
He will watch a movie tomorrow.
A movie will be watched by him tomorrow.
She will watch a movie tomorrow.
A movie will be watched by her tomorrow.
It will watch a movie tomorrow.
A movie will be watched by it tomorrow.
They will watch a movie tomorrow.
A movie will be watched by them tomorrow.
b) Future Continuous
I will be watching a movie at this time tomorrow.
A movie will be being watched by me at this time tomorrow.
We will be watching a movie at this time tomorrow.
A movie will be being watched by us at this time tomorrow.
You will be watching a movie at this time tomorrow.
A movie will be being watched by you at this time tomorrow.

He will be watching a movie at this time tomorrow.

A movie will be being watched by him at this time tomorrow.
She will be watching a movie at this time tomorrow.
A movie will be being watched by her at this time tomorrow.
It will be watching a movie at this time tomorrow.
A movie will be being watched by it at this time tomorrow.
They will be watching a movie at this time tomorrow.
A movie will be being watched by them at this time tomorrow.
c) Future Perfect
I will have watched a movie by 6 pm tomorrow.
A movie will have been watched by me by 6 pm tomorrow.
We will have watched a movie by 6 pm tomorrow.
A movie will have been watched by us by 6 pm tomorrow.
You will have watched a movie by 6 pm tomorrow.
A movie will have been watched by you by 6 pm tomorrow.
He will have watched a movie by 6 pm tomorrow.
A movie will have been watched by him by 6 pm tomorrow.
She will have watched a movie by 6 pm tomorrow.
A movie will have been watched by her by 6 pm tomorrow.
It will have watched a movie by 6 pm tomorrow.
A movie will have been watched by it by 6 pm tomorrow.
They will have watched a movie by 6 pm tomorrow.
A movie will have been watched by them by 6 pm tomorrow.
d) Future Perfect Continuous
Normally ideas are not expressed in Passive Voice in this tense. Therefore it is better to avoid attempting a
Passive Voice in any Perfect Continuous Tense.
All sentences cannot be made into Passive Voice. Only the sentences with an object in them can be made
into Passive Voice. All verbs are not transitive. A verb which takes an object is said to be a Transitive Verb and
a Verb which does not take an object is said to be Intransitive.
For Example, the following sentence cannot be converted into Passive Voice for the simple reason that the verb
go does not take an object.
I go for a walk everyday.
In the above sentence the verb go is an Intransitive Verb. Such sentences which do not have an object
cannot be converted into Passive Voice.
More examples of sentences with Intransitive Verbs:
Raju jumped 10 feet.
David ran fast.
Sita drove rashly.
A case of double object.
Certain sentences contain two objects. In such a case two passive sentences can be made using one object in
each case.

The principal sent a telegram to Gopi.

A telegram was sent by the Principal to Gopi.

Common Errors in English Usage

ALL OF THE SUDDEN / ALL OF A SUDDEN
An unexpected event happens is "All of a sudden" & not "All of the sudden".
ADVANCE/ADVANCED
Advance : When we hear about something in advance, earlier than other people, you get advance notice or
information.
"Advanced" means "complex, sophisticated" and doesn't necessarily
have anything to do with the revealing of secrets.
for or fore
The most common word for, is not a problem for most people.
& Fore always has to do with the front of something (its what you shout to warn people when youve sent a
ball their way).
unpleased or displeased
Unpleased is considered archaic; the standard modern word for your reaction to something you dont like is
displeased.
However unpleasing is still current to describe something that fails to please: the arrangement of Silent
Night for truck air horns was unpleasing. But displeasing is more common.