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Materials for infrastructures

Department of Civil Engineering Mar. 15, 2012

International University - VNU HCMC

1. Building:
Columns:
Floor:
Wall:
Window:
Formwork:

CE210IU-Constructions Materials

Concrete, steel bars, mortar,

Concrete, steel bars, mortar, gypsum
Brick, mortar, concrete, big stone,
wood, alumina, glass, steel bar,
Steel frame, wooden plate/bar,

Overview of the course

Nguyen Dinh Hung Dr. Eng.

Materials for infrastructures

2. Road:
- Pavement: Asphalt concrete, concrete, brick
- Base:
big stone, aggregate,
- Subbase: Soil, sand,

Accidents in constructions

Materials for infrastructures

3. Bridge:
Concrete, steel bars, prestressing steel, steel frame, asphalt concrete,
brick , wood, big stone,

Introduction to the course

1. Evaluation
In-class quizzes, class participation and learning attitude: 10 - 30%
One midterm exam: 20 - 40%
One comprehensive final exam: 30 - 50%
Final score = 30%(midterm) + 30%(report and others) + 40% (final exam)
2. Textbook
Michael S. Mamlouk and John P. Zaniewski, Materials for Civil and
Construction Engineers, Prentice Hall, 2005.
Sailing Tower in Ha Tinh

Workshop in Binh Duong

Can Tho bridge (Sept. 26, 2007)

3. Reference books:
Steven H. Kosmatka, Beatrix Kerkhoff, and William C.
Panarese, Design and Control of Concrete Mixtures, 14th Ed., Portland
Cement Association, 2008.
Neil Jackson and Ravindra K. Dhir, Civil engineering materials, 4th
Ed, Palgrave Macmillan, 1996.
Phng Vn L v cc tc gi, Gio trnh vt liu xy dng, NXB Gio
dc, 2000.
Phm Duy Hu, Ng Xun Qung v Mai nh Lc, Gio trnh Vt
liu xy dng, NXB Giao Thng Vn Ti

Palau bridge (Sept. 26, 1996)

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Content for the course

Plan

Design

Construction

Maintenance

Department of Civil Engineering Mar. 15, 2012

International University - VNU HCMC

Demolition

1. Concrete
Aggregate: stone, gravel, sand
Cement, water (bonding)
Admixture: Lime stone, fibers, fly ash, rice husk slag, blast-furnace
slag, gypsum, ice, silica fume, glass,
Mixture proportion, concrete properties,
2. Steel
Normal reinforcing bar, prestressing tendon/strand, steel plate,
3. Asphalt concrete
Aggregate: stone, gravel, sand, lime stone,
Bitumen materials (bonding)
Mixture proportion
4. Other materials
Brick, wood, mortar and grout (sand, cement, lime, water), composite
materials, paint coating and cladding materials,
Keyword: Properties of construction materials!

What is concrete?

CE210U-Constructions Materials
Concrete

Nguyen Dinh Hung Dr. Eng.

Introduction to the course

Concrete is a composite construction material

composed primarily of aggregate, cement
, water and others (admixture) .
Aggregate: crushed stone, gravel, sand
Cement, water (bonding)

Coarse and Fine Aggregate and

Admixture: Lime stone, fibers, fly ash, rice husk

slag, blast-furnace slag, gypsum, ice, silica
fume, glass,

Water

v Strong in compression
v Week in tension
v Easier in making shape

Aggregate (course and fine)

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1. Source: Natural aggregate

Aggregate (course and fine)

2. Source: Artificial aggregate

Lead shot aggregate

Crushed stone

Gravel

Crushed sand

burned expanded clay aggregate

Pumice stone

Blast Furnace Slag (BFS)

Concrete sand

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fill sand

Glass

Aggregate for normal concrete:

1200 to 1760 kg/m3

Aggregate for light weight concrete:

560 to 1120 kg/m3

Aggregate for heavy concrete:

>1760 kg/m3

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Basic aggregate properties

Aggregate size distribution (ASTM C136-96a)

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Aggregate size distribution

13

15

100

100

90
80

90
80

70
60
50

Upper limit

40
30

Lower limit
Test

20
10
0

Percent passing (%)

Percent passing (%)

Shape of course aggregate

70
60
50

Upperlimit

40
30

Lower limit
Test

20
10
0

10

100

0.01

sieve size (mm)

10

sieve size (mm)

Coarse aggregate
Fine aggregate
If test aggregate is outside of limit lines, some aggregate needs to add to
meet Specifications.

sieve

Fine aggregate

0.1

Coarse aggregate

Amount of aggregate is passed through on

sieve (in weight).
Maximum size aggregate: (important) related
to tensile strength of concrete

Aggregate size distribution

Fineness Modulus (FM): obtained by adding the total percentage of the

sample of an aggregate retained on each of a specified series of
sieves, and dividing the sum by 100.

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Toughness, Hardness, and Abrasion Resistance

Aggregate abrasion characteristics are
important because the constituent aggregate
must resist crushing, degradation and
disintegration during mixing cement concrete
or asphalt concrete and service
Aggregate: made dry (110C) then cooling
and measured 5000(g) or 10000 (g)
Steel balls: 6 or 12 balls
500 or 1000 revolutions
Sieve: No.12 (1.7mm)
Measure: retaining mass (g) after making
dry

Loss = (
FM of sand = 2.3 to 3.1. FM of coarse aggregate >3.1. Other should
check and wash aggregate. Therefore, FM is control quality and cost of
product

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M Original - M Final
M Original

) 100

TCVN 7572-12:2006

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Typical L.A. Abrasion Loss Values

Rock Type

18

Moisture content and weights (ASTM C 127)

19

L.A. Abrasion Loss (by

percent weight)

General Values
Hard, igneous rocks

10

Soft limestones and

sandstones

60

Dry state (bond dry): aggregate contains no moisture.

Ranges for specific rocks

Basalt

10 17

In an air dry condition: aggregate may have some moisture (normal condition)

Dolomite

18 30

Gneiss

33 57

Saturated surfacedry (SSD) condition: water penetrated into aggregate but its
surface is dry. This water will not participate in the reaction with cement.

Granite

27 49

Limestone

19 30

Quartzite

20 35

Moisture content and weights (ASTM C 127)

Absorption: is defined as the moisture content in the SSD condition.

Free moisture content: water in surface of aggregate. This water will participate
in the reaction with cement.

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Moisture content and weights (ASTM C 127)

WS

Dry weight (WS): wash dust then oven-dry to a constant mass (less then 0.1% in
weight) at 110C (230F) after cooling 3 hours.
Saturated surfacedry (SSD) weight (WP): put clean aggregate into water with 24
hours in normal condition. Remove the aggregate from the water and roll it in a large
absorbent cloth until all visible films of water are removed. Wipe the larger particles
individually (use in determining distribution of aggregate for concrete).

M =

Percent free moisture: M A =

Unit weights: dry, saturated surface-dry, wet and saturated conditions (kg/m3)

Moisture content and weights (ASTM C 127)

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Absorption

W - WS
100%
WS

Wet weight: is defined as weight of aggregate in wet (normal condition) .

Saturated weight: is defined as weight of aggregate in saturated condition.

WP

W
Moisture content

AM =

WP - WS
100%
WS

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WM
Moisture content
M =

WM - WS
100%
WS

= 0: use to cast concrete

< 0: put more water
> 0: reduce water

Strength and modulus

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Important properties: tensile and compressive strengths, modulus.

It is difficult and rare to determine important properties of aggregate by test
(monolithic sample with diameter of 50mm , 100 mm in high no crack, no bulk
layer, no special vein).
Tensile strength: 0.7 to 16 MPa.

ft =

2P
pDL

Compressive strength: 35 to 350 MPa.

fc =

P
A

Young Modulus

P
E=
d

P: Applied load (N)

D, A, L: Diameter (mm), area (mm2)
and length (mm) of sample
d: displacement (mm)

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Water

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Department of Civl Engineering

International University VNU HCMC

Thank you for your kind attention!