Acknowledgement

I am grateful to Almighty for giving me the strength to successfully

conduct my experiment and for sustaining my efforts which many a
times did oscillate.
I am deeply indebted to Mr. Rajneesh Upadhyay, our physics teacher,
without whose constructive guidance this project/venture would not
have been a success. His valuable advice and suggestions for the
corrections, modifications and improvement did enhance the
perfection in performing my job well.
I am obliged to Mrs. Sudha Singh, our principal for providing the best
of facilities and environment to bring out our innovation and spirit of
inquiry through this venture.
I take special pleasure in acknowledging the Lab Assistant for his
willingness in providing us with necessary lab equipment and
constant support without which this effort would have been
worthless.
I am grateful to My Parents whose blessings and wishes have gone a
long way in the completion of this arduous task.
Last but not the least I thank all My Friends and Batch Mates, without
their prompt support my efforts would have been in vain.

Certificate
This is to certify that Shri Krishna Yadav of class XII-C has
successfully carried out the project entitled To Study the
Various Factors on which Internal Resistance/E.m.f of a cell
depends under my supervision.
All the works related to the thesis was done by the candidate
herself.
The approach towards the subject has been sincere and
scientific.

Teachers Signature

Mr. Rajneesh Upadhyay

Date

Certificate
This is to certify that Akash Chandani of class XII-B has
successfully carried out the project entitled To Study the
Various Factors on which Internal Resistance/E.m.f of a cell
depends under my supervision.
All the works related to the thesis was done by the candidate
herself.
The approach towards the subject has been sincere and
scientific.

Teachers Signature

Mr. Rajneesh Upadhyay

Date

Preface
Cells/Batteries have become an Integral part of our lives. Almost
every electronic device requires some sort of Power storage which
can be utilized when there is no Power. The best examples of these
kinds of devices are Mobiles, Smart Phones, Laptops, Portable Game
Consoles, Tablets, Computers UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply)
among plethora of other portable electronic Devices.
But the cells and the batteries have not been able to keep pace with
the changing demands of the power-hungry devices that are being
released every day. There is no significant research going on to
bridge the gap between the demands of devices and the energy the
batteries can store. Every portable futuristic hi-end device loses its
charm to when talk about its battery size and the Standby time it can
give.

So, this Project aims at finding the factors which affect the Internal
Resistance and e.m.f of a battery/Cell. The Results of this project may
give insights as to how can we Improve the overall performance of the
batteries that continues to infiltrate our lives.