Behavior modification

Techniques used to try and decrease or increase a particular type of behavior

or reaction

Content theory argues that internal needs lead to behavior

Organizational behavior modification states that external consequences tend to
determine behavior
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Application in organizations of the principles of behavior modification, which

involved from the work of the principles of behavior of B.F Skinner

Learning theory implies that we learn best under a pleasant environment

Law of Effect
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Comes from learning theory

States that a person tends to repeat behavior that is accompanied by
favorable consequences, tends not to repeat behavior that is accompanied by
unfavorable behavior consequences.
OB Mod relies on the law of effect

Two conditions required for a successful application of OB Mod

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Manager must be able to identify powerful consequences

Must be able to administer them such a way that the employee will see the
connection between behavior to be affected and consequences.

Alternative Consequences
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To sustain behavior(rewards)
Positive

Punishment
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Negative
Discourage an undesirable behavior
Strain on the work relationship between the manager

Money as a means of Rewarding Employees

Money has a social value
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Important to employees for a number of reasons

Yet less satisfying

PERFORMNCE APPRAISAL

OBJECTIVE SETTING joint determination of manager and employee of

appropriate levels of future performance

ACTION PLANNING how to accomplish the desired objective

PERIODIC REVIEWS joint assessment of progress toward objectives by
manager and employee
ANNUAL EVALUATION annual assessment of success in accomplishing the
employees annual objectives, coupled with a renewal of the planning cycle.

REASON FOR PERFORMNCE PPRISAL

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Allocate resource in a dynamic environment

Motivate and reward employee
Give employees feedback about their works
Maintain fair relationships with groups
Coach and develop employees
Comply with regulations

JOB ENRICHMENT
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Motivate by making jobs, challenging and meaningful

WEAKNESS OF JOB ENRICHMENT

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Very meaningful
Cost
Workers are not satisfied with their works
Job security and better pay

Elements of Objective Setting

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Goal acceptance
Specificity
Challenge
Performance monitoring and feedback

Tips for building Employee Self-efficiency

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Dont imply that they are incompetent

Dont talk down to them about their jobs
Dont find petty faults about their results
Dont criticize their work in front of their peers
Dont belittle the importance of their jobs or tasks
O pris them for their efforts
Do ask for their input
Do listen carefully to their ideas for improvement
Do share positive feedback from their peers with them
Do provide formal recognition of their achievement