Module 3

Solar Photovoltaic
Osamu Iso

e7 / PPA Workshop on Renewable Energies

7-Nov-05 (15:06)

Workshop on Renewable Energies

November 14-25, 2005
Nadi, Republic of the Fiji Islands

3. Solar Photovoltaic

5. Design example of Solar Home

System ( SHS in Indonesia )

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5. Design example of Solar Home System (SHS)

5. Design example of Solar Home System

( SHS in Indonesia )

e7 / PPA Workshop on Renewable Energies

5-1. e7 Climate Change Projects

5-2. Renewable Energy Supply Systems
5-3. Reference

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5-1. e7 Climate Change Projects

Three projects under the AIJ Pilot Phase of the UNFCCC

-Zimbabwe: Mini Hydroelectric System
e7 / PPA Workshop on Renewable Energies

-Jordan: Efficiency Improvements in Thermal Plants

-Indonesia: Renewable Energy Supply Systems
e7s Objective: To test AIJ mechanisms

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5-1. e7 Climate Change Projects

Project e7-1: Indonesia Renewable Energy Supply
Systems
Three technologies:
-Micro-Hydro Power

e7 / PPA Workshop on Renewable Energies

-Hybrid System (Wind-Solar-Diesel)

-Solar Home Systems
In eight remote villages
Systems owned & operated by villagers
All eight e7 companies participated.

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5-1. e7 Climate Change Projects

e7-1: Technical Information

e7 / PPA Workshop on Renewable Energies

Solar Home Systems (3 sites)

-50W pole-mounted photovoltaics x 175 sets
-Installations completed February 1999
Micro-Hydro Power (4 sites)
-46 kW, 64 kW, 13kW, 15kW (Total: 138 kW)
-Commissioning February 2000
Hybrid System (1 site)
-Solar - 21.6 kW, Wind - 10 kW, Diesel 20 kVA
-Commissioning March 2000
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5-1. e7 Climate Change Projects

e7-1 Project Objectives

Reduction of greenhouse gases

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Testing AIJ mechanisms

Long-term sustainable energy solutions
Improvement of environment
Improvement of standards of living

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5-1. e7 Climate Change Projects

e7-1 Project Approach

e7-1 Project Office in Indonesia

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Promote NGO and local involvement

Implement proven technologies
Implement sustainable financial & management
systems
Focus on training for local people

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5-1. e7 Climate Change Projects

Institutional Barriers & Lessons Learned Management
Systems
Creation of local utilities (PLDs)
Successful management schemes are the key

e7 / PPA Workshop on Renewable Energies

- Focus on involvement of local people

- Clear objectives for all parties
- Intensive training - over time
- Establishiung after-sales service contracts with
- local contractors

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5-1. e7 Climate Change Projects

Institutional Barriers & Lessons Learned
Technical Training
Simulations & case studies

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Several training sessions required

After start-up, some supervision is important

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5-1. e7 Climate Change Projects

Institutional Barriers &
Lessons Learned Sustainable Financial Scheme
Socio-economic studies

e7 / PPA Workshop on Renewable Energies

Focus groups, e7 assessments & NGO presence

Determine ability & willingness to pay
- Need maximum income to assure sustainability
- Must design tariffs within reach of villagers
Clear & transparent banking schemes

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5-1. e7 Climate Change Projects

Conclusions

e7 / PPA Workshop on Renewable Energies

e7s Indonesia project is one example - not

finished yet!
How renewable energy can work in remote areas
Most important aspects:
- Management schemes
- Financial schemes
- Training (technical and management)

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5-2. Renewable Energy Supply Systems

Solar Home System
Responsible Company: Kansai (Japan)

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Equipment:
Photovoltaics-50W175 sets
Site(2):
Oenaineno (Timor Is.) 100 sets were supplied by e7
Lengkonamut (Flores Is.) 75 sets were supplied by
Indonesia Government
Current Status:
Construction has completed at the end of February, 1999

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5-2. Renewable Energy Supply Systems

Hybrid System
Responsible Company: ENEL(Italy)
Equipment:
Photovoltaics-21.6kW (5.4kW4sets
Wind Generator-10kW
Diesel Generator-20kVA
Site(1):
Oeledo (Rote Is.)
Current Status:
Now bidding for equipment
Construction is expected to start in May, 1999
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5-2. Renewable Energy Supply Systems

Micro Hydro Power
Responsible Company: TEPCO (Japan)
Equipment & Site(4):
Taba (Sulawesi Is.)-46kW
Tendan-Dua (Sulawesi Is.) -64kW
Bokin (Sulawesi Is.)-13kW
Waikelosawa (Timor Is.)-15kW
TOTAL-138kW
Current Status:
Construction has started at the beginning of February,
1999

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5-2. Renewable Energy Supply Systems

Project Management Organization
Project Leader
H.G.Adam RW E
Local Manager

e7 / PPA Workshop on Renewable Energies

C.Dauselt(RW E)

AIJ

SEI

SHS

HS

MHP

A.Marcu(OH)

P.Duchemin(EDF)

C.Dauselt(RW E)

A.Ilicheto(ENEL)

S.Saito(TEPCO)

S.Lefebvre(HQ)

T.Nakazawa(Kansai)
T.ShiraishiKansai)

Explanation:
AIJ: Activities Implemented Jointly
SEI: Socio Economic Integration
SHS: Solar Home System

H.Gollay(EI)

HS: Hybrid System

MHP: Micro Hydropower
SFC: Self Financing Concept

BFS
H.G.Adam(RW E)

BFS: Bankable Feasiblity Study

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5-2. Renewable Energy Supply Systems

What institutional barriers are perceived

e7 / PPA Workshop on Renewable Energies

1. There is no Sustainable Organization for maintaining

Energy Supply System
2. Lack of Human Capability for maintaining Energy
Supply System
3. Lack of Financial Scheme

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5-2. Renewable Energy Supply Systems

Lessons learned
1.-2

Clear objective of Organization shared by all

members.
Each member needs his/her own objective.

2.-2

Each member should be evaluated fairly.

Needs practical skills to cope with difficult
situation.

3.-2

These skills must be developed by case-study

workshop.
Financial scheme must be firmly established.

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5-2. Renewable Energy Supply Systems

Example; Kuale a Village, Oenaineno Village
1 SHS Systems were installed in Kuale a Village in 1995
2 When e7 visit Kuale a Village in 1997, all of SHSs were

e7 / PPA Workshop on Renewable Energies

in trouble or did not work

3 e7 refurbished those SHSs
4 e7 installed 100 SHSs in Oenaineno Village

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5-2. Renewable Energy Supply Systems

Example; Kuale a Village, Oenaineno Village

e7 / PPA Workshop on Renewable Energies

5 Practical example of solutions

1) To establish Sustainable Organization for SHSs
Village Utility PLD
2) To train the employees of PCD
Face to face training
Several times trainings
Simulator
3) To develop Financial scheme for PLD
Socio Economic Research
To establish billing system
Income generating
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 e7-1, Renewable Energy Supply System in Indonesia

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deposits for
SHS renewal
Admin
Maintenance
etc.

Capital
Investment
for SHS

covered by tariff and

down-payment

Down-payment
175,000 RP = US22
Monthly Payment
35,000 RP/month

* complete renewal
in 10 years.

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5-2. Renewable Energy Supply Systems

US4.4/month
(1= 8000 RP)

Income Generating

Donation

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5-2. Renewable Energy Supply Systems

Organization Structure applied for the PLD

e7 / PPA Workshop on Renewable Energies

Chairman

Secretary / Treasurer
(1 person)

Technical Staff
(3-5 persons)

Marketing Staff
(2 persons)

Kiosk
(Spare Parts)

Promotion
(Services)

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5-3. Reference
What is a Solar Home System ?

Fluorescent
Lamp 10W

e7 / PPA Workshop on Renewable Energies

Solar Cells
50W

Battery
Control
Unit

Switches
Box
Radio Tape
Recorder
TV

Battery

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5-3. Reference
What is a Solar Home System ?

e7 / PPA Workshop on Renewable Energies

Solar Cells
50W

Fluorescent
Lamp 10W

Battery
Control
Unit

Switches
Box
Radio Tape
Recorder
TV

Battery

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5-3. Reference
Province Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT)

Lengkonamut

Kualeu

Flores Island
Oelnaineno
Kupang

Timur Island

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5-3. Reference
Solar Home Systems of e7-127 in NTT
Flores Island

e7 / PPA Workshop on Renewable Energies

Lengkonamut 75 sets x 50W

Timur Island
Oelnaineno 100 sets x 50W

Kualeu 20 sets x 50W

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5-3. Reference
PLD (Perum Listrik Desa: Village Utility)
Organization

Chairman
1 person

Technical Staff
3-5 candidates

Marketing Staff
2 candidates
Kiosk
( Spare Parts )

PLD
Responsibilities

Promotion
( Services )

Installing/removing electricity installations

Performing basic maintenance
Replacing batteries (where applicable)
Performing system trouble shooting
Reporting problems to the local suppliers and follow-up actions
Ensuring fee collection from users and its documentation
Ensuring fee transfers to investment accounts
Educating households on the usage of electricity
Providing of other basic energy and business services
Providing of major spare parts

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5-3. Reference
PLD Office at Lengkonamut in Flores Island Customer
at Kualeu in Timur Island

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Secretary /Treasurer
1 person

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 PLD Office at Oelnaineno in Timur Island

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5-3. Reference

5-3. Reference
Customer at Lengkonamut in Flores Island

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 Customer at Oelnaineno in Timur Island

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5-3. Reference

5-3. Reference
Customer at Oelnaineno in Timur Island

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5-3. Reference
Composition of Solar Home System
Fluorescent
Lamp 10W
Solar Cells
50W

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BCU
(6A)

Switches

Battery
12V, 100AH

Water

5-3. Reference
Installation of PV Panel

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5-3. Reference
Monitoring of PV Panel

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5-3. Reference

Monitoring of PV Panel

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5-3. Reference
Training of Technical Staff

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5-3. Reference

Training of Technical Staff

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5-3. Reference
Training of Technical Staff

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5-3. Reference

Coffee Production

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5-3. Reference
Hybrid System in Rote Island

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5-3. Reference

Hybrid System in Rote Island

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 Hybrid System in Rote Island

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5-3. Reference

5-3. Reference
Micro Hydro Power Station in Sulawesi Island

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5-3. Reference
e7-1, Renewable Energy Supply System in Indonesia

Down-payment
175,000 RP US$ 22

Deposits for
SHS renewal

Admin
Maintenance
etc.

Monthly Payment
35,000 RP/month

*complete renewal
in 10 years

e7 / PPA Workshop on Renewable Energies

covered by tariff and

down-payment

US $ 4.4/month
(1 $ =8000RP)

Capital
Investment for
SHS

Donation
Income Generating

5-3. Reference
Comparison of Payment in Indonesia

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5-3. Reference
Renewable Project Theme

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(Note)

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