You are on page 1of 7

Anterior Thigh Muscles: Largest Overall Thigh Muscles and Includes the Femur:

Muscle
Pectineus

ILIOPSOAS
Psoas Major

Psoas Minor

Iliacus

Sartorius (tailor
muscle)

Proximal Attachment
(Origin)
Superior ramus of pubis

Side of T12-L5 vertebrae


and discs between them;
transverse processes of all
lumbar vertebrae
Sides of T12-L1 vertebrae
and intervertebral discs
Iliac crest, iliac fossa, ala of
sacrum, and anterior sacroiliac ligaments
Anterior superior iliac spine
and superior part of notch
inferior to it.

Distal Attachment
(Insertion)
Pectineal line of femur,
just inferior to the lesser
trochanter

Innervation

Main Action(s)

Femoral nerve
(L2, L3); may
receive a branch
from obturator
nerve

Adducts and flexes the


thigh; assists in medial
rotation of the thigh

Lesser trochanter of
femur

Anterior rami of
lumbar nerves
(L1, L2, L3)

Pectineal line,
iliopectineal eminence
via iliopectineal arch
Tendon of psoas major,
lesser trochanter, and
femur distal to it.
Superior part of medial
surface of tibia

Anterior rami of
lumbar nerves
(L1, L2)
Femoral nerve
(L2, L3)

QUADRICEPS FEMORIS (main bulk of the anterior thigh muscles)


Rectus Femoris
Anterior superior iliac spine Via common tendinous
and ilium superior to
(quadriceps tendon)
acetabulum
and independent
Vastus Lateralis
Greater trochanter and
attachments to base of
lateral lip of linea aspera of patella; indirectly via
femur
patellar ligament to
Vastus
Intertrochanteric line and
tibial tuberosity; medial
Intermedius
medial lip of linea aspera of and lateral vasti also
femur
attach to tibia and
Vastus Medius
Anterior and lateral surface patella via aponeuroses
of shaft
(medial and lateral
patellar retinacula)

Femoral nerve
(L2, L3)

Femoral nerve
(L2, L3, L4)

Act conjointly in flexing


the thigh at the hip joint
and in stabilising this
joint

Flexes, abducts and


laterally rotates thigh at
hip joint; flexes leg at
knee joint (medially
rotating leg when knee is
flexed)

Extend leg at knee joint;


rectus femoris also
steadies hip joint and
helps iliopsoas flex thigh

Arterial Supply

Anterior branch of
obturator artery

Lumbar branch of
iliopsoas branch of
internal iliac artery

Femoral artery

Lateral circumflex
branch of femoral
artery
Perforating arteries
of profunda femoris
artery
Lateral circumflex
branch of femoral
artery
Lateral circumflex
branch of femoral
artery

Medial Thigh Muscles: Adductors of Thigh:


Muscles
Adductor
Longus
Adductor Brevis

Proximal Attachment
(Origin)
Anterior aspect of body of
pubis inferior to the pubis
tubercle
Body and inferior ramus of
pubis

Adductor
Magnus

Adductor part: inferior


ramus of pubis, ramus of
ischium
Hamstring part: ischial
tuberosity

Gracilis

Body and inferior ramus of


pubis

Obturator
Externus

Margins of obturator
foramen and obturator
membrane

Distal Attachment
(Insertion)
Middle third of linea
aspera of femur
Pectineal line and
proximal part of linea
aspera of femur
Adductor part: gluteal
tuberosity, linea aspera,
medial supracondylar
line
Hamstring part:
Adductor tubercle of
femur
Superior part of medial
surface of tibia via pes
anserinus
Trochanteric fossa of
femur

Innervation

Main Action(s)

Arterial Supply

Adducts thigh
Obturator nerve,
branch of,
anterior division
(L2, L3, L4)
Adductor part:
obturator nerve,
branches of
posterior division
(L2, L3, L4)
Hamstring part:
tibial part of
sciatic nerve (L4)
Obturator nerve
(L2, L3)
Obturator nerve
(L3, L4)

Adducts thigh; to some


extent flexes it
Adducts thigh
Adductor part: flexes
thigh
Hamstring part: extends
thigh

Adducts thigh; flexes


knee, helps rotate leg
medially
Laterally rotates thigh;
steadies head of femur in
acetabulum

Anterior branch of
obturator artery

Anterior branch of
obturator artery
and perforating
artery of profunda
femoris artery

Anterior branch of
obturator artery

Posterior Thigh Muscles: Extensor of the Hip and Flexors of the Knee:
Muscles
Semitendinosus
Semimembrano
sus

Proximal Attachment
(Origin)
Ischial tuberosity

Distal Attachment
(Insertion)
Medial surface of
superior part of tibia
Posterior part of medial
condyle of tibia;
reflected attachment
forms oblique popliteal
ligament (to lateral
femoral condyle)

Innervation

Main Action(s)

Arterial Supply

Tibial division of
sciatic nerve part
of tibia (L5, S1,
S2)

Extend thigh; flex leg and


rotate it medially when
knee is flexed; when
thigh and leg are flexed,
these muscles can extend
trunk

Perforating branch
of profunda femoris
artery

Biceps Femoris

Long head: ischial


tuberosity
Short head: linea aspera
and lateral supracondylar
line of femur

Lateral side of head of


fibula; tendon is split at
this site by fibular
collateral ligament of
knee

Long head: tibial


division of sciatic
nerve (L5, S1,
S2)
Short head:
common fibular
division of sciatic
nerve (L5, S1,
S2)

Flexes leg and rotates it


laterally when knee is
flexed; extends thigh
(e.g., accelerating mass
during first step of gait)

Innervation

Main Action(s)

Inferior gluteal
nerve (L5, S1,
S2)

Extends thigh (especially


from flexed position) and
assists in its lateral
rotation; steadies thigh
and assists in rising from
sitting position
Abduct and medially
rotate thigh; keep pelvis
level when ipsilateral limb
is weight-bearing and
advance opposite
(unsupported) side during
its swing phase

Muscles of the Gluteal Region: Abductors and Rotators of Thigh:


Muscles
Gluteus
Maximus

Gluteus Medius

Gluteus Minimus

Tensor Fasciae
Latae
Piriformis

Proximal Attachment
(Origin)
Ilium posterior to posterior
gluteal line; dorsal surface
of sacrum and coccyx;
sacrotuberous ligament

External surface of ilium


between anterior and
posterior gluteal lines
External surface of ilium
between anterior and
inferior gluteal lines
Anterior superior iliac
spine; anterior part of iliac
crest
Anterior surface of sacrum;
sacrotuberous ligament

Obturator
Internus

Pelvic (inner) surface of


obturator membrane
surrounding bones

Superior and
Inferior Gemelli

Superior: ischial spine


Inferior: ischial tuberosity

Distal Attachment
(Insertion)
Most fibers end in
iliotibial tract, which
inserts into lateral
condyle of tibia; some
fibers insert on gluteal
tuberosity
Lateral surface of
greater trochanter of
femur
Anterior surface of
greater trochanter of
femur
Iliotibial tract, which
attaches to lateral
condyle of tibia
Superior border of
greater trochanter of
femur
Medial surface of
greater trochanter
(trochanteric fossa) of
femur
Medial surface of
greater trochanter

Superior gluteal
nerve (L5, S1)

Branches of
anterior rami of
S1, S2
Nerve to
obturator
internus (L5, S1)
Superior
gemellus: same

Laterally rotate extended


thigh and abduct flexed
thigh; steady femoral
head in acetabulum

Arterial Supply

Superficial branch
of Superior gluteal
artery and inferior
gluteal artery

Deep branch of
superior gluteal
artery

Superior and
inferior gluteal
arteries
Inferior gluteal
artery

(trochanteric fossa) of
femur

Quadratus
Femoris

Lateral border of ischial


tuberosity

Quadrate tubercle on
intertrochanteric crest
of femur and area
inferior to it

nerve supply to
obturator
internus
Inferior gemellus:
same nerve
supply as
quadratus
femoris
Nerve to
quadratus
femoris (L5, S1)

Laterally rotates thigh,


steadies femoral head in
acetabulum

Innervation

Main Action(s)

Muscles of Anterior Leg:


Muscles
Tibialis Anterior

Extensor
Digitorum
Longus

Extensor
Hallucis Longus
Fibularis Tertius

Proximal Attachment
(Origin)
Lateral condyle and
superior half of the lateral
surface of tibia and
interosseous membrane
Lateral condyle of tibia and
superior 3 quarters of
medial surface of fibula
and interosseous
membrane
Middle part of anterior
surface of fibula and
interosseous membrane
Inferior third if anterior
surface of fibula and
interosseous membrane

Distal Attachment
(Insertion)
Medial and inferior
surfaces of medial
cuneiform and base of
1st metatarsals
Middle and distal
phalanges of lateral
four digits

Arterial Supply

Dorsiflexes ankle and


inverts foot

Extends lateral 4 digits


and dorsiflexes ankle
Deep fibular
nerve (L4, L5)

Dorsal aspect of base of


distal phalanx of great
toe (hallux)
Dorsum base of 5th
metatarsal

Anterior tibial
artery
Extends great toe and
dorsiflexes ankle
Dorsiflexes ankle and
aids in eversion of foot

Muscles of Lateral Leg:


Muscles

Proximal Attachment
(Origin)

Distal Attachment
(Insertion)

Innervation

Main Action(s)

Arterial Supply

Fibularis Longus

Fibularis Brevis

Head and superior two


thirds of lateral surface of
fibula
Inferior two thirds of lateral
surface of fibula

Base of 1st metatarsal


and medial cuneiform
Dorsal surface of
tuberosity on lateral
surface of 5th metatarsal

Superficial fibular
nerve (L5, S1,
S2)

Evert foot and weakly


plantarflexes ankle

Perforating branch
of anterior tibial
and fibular artery

Innervation

Main Action(s)

Arterial Supply

Muscles of Posterior Leg:


Muscles
SUPERFICIAL
gastrocnemius

Soleus

Plantaris

DEEP
Popliteus

Flexor Hallucis
Longus

Proximal Attachment
(Origin)

Distal Attachment
(Insertion)

Lateral head: lateral aspect


of lateral condyle of femur
Medial head: popliteal
surface of femur; superior
to medial condyle
Posterior aspect of head
and superior quarter of
posterior surface of fibula;
soleal line and middle third
of medial border of tibia;
and tendinous arch
extending between the
bony attachments
Inferior end of lateral
supracondylar line of
femur; oblique popliteal
ligament

Plantarflexes ankle when


knee is extended; raises
heel during walking;
flexes leg at knee joint

Posterior surface of
calcaneus via calcaneal
tendon

Lateral surface of lateral


condyle of femur and
lateral meniscus

Posterior surface of
tibia, superior to soleal
line

Tibial nerve (L4,


L5, S1)

Inferior two thirds of


posterior surface of fibula;
inferior part of interosseous

Base of distal phalanx


of great toe (hallux)

Tibial nerve (S2,


S3)

Tibial nerve (S1,


S2)

Plantarflexes ankle
independent of position
of knee; steadies leg on
foot

Posterior tibial
artery and fibular
artery

Weakly assists
gastrocnemius in
plantarflexing ankle

Weakly flexes knee and


unlocks it by rotating
femur 5 on fixed tibia;
medially rotates tibia of
unplanted limb
Flexes great toe at all
joints; weakly
plantarflexes ankle;

Muscular branch of
fibular artery
Posterior tibial
artery and fibular
artery

membrane

Tuberosity of navicular,
cuneiform, cuboid, and
sustentaculum tali of
calcaneus; base of 2nd,
3rd, and 4th metatarsals

Tibial nerve (L4,


L5)

supports medial
longitudinal arch of foot
Flexes lateral 4 digits;
plantarflexes ankle;
supports longitudinal
arches of foot
Plantarflexes ankle;
inverts foot

Proximal Attachment
(Origin)
DORSUM OF FOOT
Extensor
Calcaneus (floor of tarsal
Digitorum
sinus); interosseous
Brevis
talocalcaneal ligament;
stem of inferior extensor
retinaculum

Distal Attachment
(Insertion)

Innervation

Main Action(s)

Extensor
Hallucis Brevis

Dorsal aspect of base of


proximal phalanx of
great toe (digit 1)

Deep fibular
nerve (L5, S1, or
both)

Aids the extensor


digitorum longus in
extending the 4 medial
toes at the
metatarsophalangeal and
interphalangeal joints
Aids in the extensor
hallucis longus in
extending the great toe
at the
metatarsophalangeal
joint

Flexor Digitorum
Longus

Tibialis Posterior

Medial part of posterior


surface of tibia inferior to
soleal line; by a broad
tendon to fibula
Interosseous membrane;
posterior surface of fibula

Base of distal phalanges


of lateral 4 digits

Muscles of Foot:
Muscles

SOLE OF FOOT
1ST LAYER
Abductor
Hallucis

Flexor Digitorum
Brevis

In common with extensor


digitorum brevis

Medial tubercle of
tuberosity of calcaneus;
flexor retinaculum; plantar
aponeurosis
Medial tubercle of
tuberosity of calcaneus;
plantar aponeurosis;
intermuscular septa

Long extensor tendons


of 4 medial digits (toes
2-4)

Medial side of base of


proximal phalanx of 1st
digit
Both sides of middle
phalanges of lateral 4
digits

Arterial Supply

Lateral tarsal
artery, a branch of
dorsalis pedis
artery

Dorsalis pedis
artery

Abducts and flexes 1st


digit (great toe, hallux)
Medial plantar
nerve (S2, S3)

Medial plantar
artery
Flexes lateral 4 digits

Abductor Digiti
Minimi

2ND LAYER
Quadratus
Plantae
Lumbricals

3RD LAYER
Flexor Hallucis
Brevis
Adductor
Hallucis

Flexor Digiti
Minimi Brevis
4TH LAYER
Plantar
Interossei
Dorsal
Interossei

Medial and lateral


tubercles of tuberosity of
calcaneus; plantar
aponeurosis; intermuscular
septa

Lateral side of base of


proximal phalanx of 5th
digit

Medial surface and lateral


margin of plantar surface
of calcaneus
Tendons of flexor digitorum
longus

Posterolateral margin of
tendon of flexor
digitorum longus
Medial aspect of
expansion over lateral 4
digits

Plantar surfaces of cuboid


and lateral cuneiforms
Oblique head: base of
metatarsals 2-4
Transverse head: plantar
ligaments of
metatarsophalangeal (MTP)
joints
Base of 5th metatarsal

Plantar aspect of medial


sides of shafts of
metatarsals 3-5
Adjacent sides of shafts of
metatarsals 1-5

Both sides of base of


proximal phalanx of 1st
digits
Tendons of both heads
attach to lateral side of
base of proximal
phalanx of 1st digits.
Base of proximal
phalanx of 5th digits

Medial sides of bases of


phalanges of 3rd-5th
digits
1st: medial side of
proximal phalanx of 2nd
digit
2nd-4th: Lateral sides of
2nd-4th digits

Lateral plantar
nerve (S2, S3)

Lateral plantar
nerve (S2, S3)
Medial one:
medial plantar
nerve (S2, S3)
Lateral 3: lateral
plantar nerve (S2,
S3)
Medial plantar
nerve (S2, S3)

Abducts and flexes little


toe (5th digit)

Assists flexor digitorum


longus in flexing lateral 4
digits
Flex proximal phalanges,
extend middle and distal
phalanges of lateral four
digits.

Lateral planter
artery

Lateral plantar
artery

Lateral plantar
artery

Flexes proximal phalanx


of 1st digit

Deep branch of
lateral plantar
nerve (S2, S3)

Traditionally said to
adduct 1st digit; assists in
transverse arch of foot by
metatarsals medially

Superficial branch
of lateral plantar
nerve (S2, S3)

Flexes proximal phalanx


of 5th digit, thereby
assisting with its flexion

Medial plantar
artery

Lateral plantar
artery

Adduct digit 3-5 and flex


metatarsophalangeal
joints
Lateral plantar
nerve (S2, S3)

Abduct digits 2-4 and flex


metatarsophalangeal
joints

Lateral plantar
artery

You might also like