Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Apparatus
Applications
Electric Bell
Objective
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The body is largely composed of water molecules. Each water molecule has two
hydrogen nuclei or protons. When a person goes inside the powerful magnetic field of
the scanner, the magnetic moments of some of these protons change and align with the
direction of the field. A radio frequency transmitter is briefly turned on, producing a
further varying electromagnetic field. The photons of this field have just the right
energy, known as the resonance frequency, to be absorbed and flip the spin of the
aligned protons in the body. The frequency at which the protons resonate depends on
the strength of the applied magnetic field. After the field is turned off, those protons
which absorbed energy revert back to the original lower-energy spin-down state. They
release the difference in energy as a photon, and the released photons are detected by
the scanner as an electromagnetic signal, similar to radio waves.
Diffraction in atmosphere
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Applications of Diffraction
Braggs Law
Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)
LASER printer
LASER in drilling
A laser beam does not deform flexible
materials as a mechanical drill would, so it
can drill holes in materials such as soft
rubber nipples for baby bottles. Likewise,
Laser beams can drill or cut into extremely
hard materials without dulling bits or
blades. For example, lasers have drilled
holes in diamond dies used for drawing wire.
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Piezoelectricity
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Medical Industry
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Tattoo machine
Seismic Measurement-Systems
Vibratory feeder
A vibratory feeder is a device that uses
vibration to feed material to a process
or machine. Vibratory feeders use both
vibration and gravity to move material.
gravity is used to determine the direction
and then vibration is used to move the
material. An example would be a pill
bottling system.
Storage digital
coil, electromagnet.
is the Magnet
susceptibility of substance.
MH
Where
M is induced magnetisation and
H is applied Magnetic field
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completely
Microwave oven
In a microwave oven a waveguide leads power from the magnetron
where waves are formed to the cooking chamber. In microwave ovens
the waveguide leads to a radio frequency-transparent port into the
cooking chamber. The cavity magnetron is a high-powered vacuum
tube that generates microwaves using the interaction of a stream of
electrons with a magnetic field.
Guided Wave testing (GWT)
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Stethoscope
GWT is widely used to inspect and screen many engineering structures, particularly for the inspection
of metallic pipelines around the world. The method employ mechanical stress waves that propagate
along an elongated structure while guided by its boundaries. This allows the waves to travel a long
distance with little loss in energy. In Guided Wave Testing of pipelines, an array of low frequency
transducers is attached around the circumference of the pipe to generate an axially symmetric
wave that propagate along the pipe in both the forward and backward directions of the transducer
array. The equipment operates in a pulse-echo configuration where the array of transducers is used for
both the excitation and detection of the signals. At location where there is a change of cross-section or a
change in local stiffness of the pipe, an echo is generated. Based on the arrival time of the echoes, and
the predicted speed of the wave mode at a particular frequency, the distance of a feature in relation to
the position of the transducer array can be accurately calculated.
Pendragon Medical
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Applications of Hologram
Security
Entertainment
Medical Applications
Making up of a hologram
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Magnification of microscope
increases by viewing hologram
with longer wavelength when we
produce hologram with x-ray
laser, and view it with visible
light m ~ 1000000 ,3-d images of
microscopic objects DNA,
viruses