1 Which of these is present in all amino acids?

A. benzene ring
B. sulfur atoms
C. carboxyl group D. hydroxyl group
2 When present in an alpha-helix, which of these produces bends?
A Alanine
C. Methionine
B Lysine
D. Proline
3 What is the most important reaction of amino acids?
A. hydroxylation
C. formation of esters
B. transamination
D. peptide bond formation
4 Formation of cysteine will require:
A. Serine and Methionine
C. Methionine and Glycine
B. Serine and Glutamine
D. Glutamine and Glycine
5 Which of the following enzymes is needed in the synthesis of glutamine from
glutamate?
A.
Isomerase
B. Lyase
C. Ligase
D. Oxidoreductase
6 Which of these amino acids can be derived from an intermediate of the TCA
cycle?
A.
Aspartate
B. Cysteine
C. Glycine
D. Serine
7 Absence of a nutritionally essential amino acid results in failure to synthesize
which amino acid?
A. Alanine
B. Glycine
C. Proline
D. Tyrosine
8 Which of these amino acids is essential in both heme and purine formation?
A. Lysine
B. Glycine
C. Leucine
D. Glutamine
9 Vasoactive agents may be derived from which set of amino acids?
A. Threonine and Tryptophan
C. Alanine and Arginine
B. Tryptophan and Tyrosine
D. Lysine and Leucine
10 Melatonin is a specialized product of:
A. Tryptophan
B. Histidine
C. Tyrosine
D. Methionine
11 Which amino acid is a member of the glutamate family?
A. Arginine
B. Cysteine
C. Serine
D. Tyrosine
12 Which process is the most common initial reaction of amino acid catabolism?
A. Deamination
B. Transamination C. Carboxylation
D. Hydroxylation
13 Which amino acid serves as the vehicle of nitrogen transport?
A. Alanine
B. Asparagine
C. Arginine
D. Aspartate
14 Amino acid that contribute in the formation of acetoacetyl-CoA includes:
A. Methionine
B. Aspartate
C. Leucine
D. Proline
15 Which of these is true regarding L-glutamate dehydrogenase?
A.irreversible
C. produces water
B. activated by ATP
D. requires NAD+
16 Symptoms of ammonia intoxication is primarily due to:
A. Depletion of alpha-ketoglutarate
C. Increased formation of glutamate
B. Decreased renal excretion of urea
D. Increased formation of glutamine
17 Hydrolytic release of the amide nitrogen of glutamine as ammonia is catalyzed
by:
A. Glutamine dehydrogenase
C. Glutamine synthase
B. Glutamate transaminase
D. Glutaminase

18 Which of these enzymes in the urea cycle is found within the hepatic
mitochondria?
A. Arginase
C. Carbamoyl phosphate synthase I
B. Arginosuccinase
D. Carbamoyl phosphate synthase II
19 Branched-chain ketonuria is associated with a metabolic defect in which amino
acid?
A. Lysine
B. Valine
C.Histidine
D. Phenylalanine
20 Which of these is true about proline metabolic disorders?
A. Hydroxyproline catabolism is not impaired in Type I hyperprolinemia
B. Pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylate is elevated in Type I hyperprolinemia
C. Type I hyperprolinemia is due to a block at glutamate-gammasemialdehydedeH
D. Type II hyperprolinemia is x-linked recessive and compatible with normal adult
life
1. When amino acids from a zigzag pattern and the R groups of adjacent
residues point in opposite directions, the protein formed can then be
described in what order?
A. Primary
C. Tertiary
B. Secondary
D. Quaternary
2. In humans, enzymatic digestion of proteins begins in the:
A. Mouth
C. Duodenum
B. Stomach
D. Jejunum
3. Which of these zymogens will be least affected by the action of
trypsin?
A. Pepsinogen
C. Proelastase
B. Chymotrypsinogen
D. Procarboxypeptidase
4. Absorption of whole proteins is predominantly mediated by which
mechanism?
A. M cell direct pathway
C. Enterocyte direct pathway
B. M cell degradative pathway
D. Enterocyte degradative
pathway
5. A polypeptide chain undergoes enzymatic digestion and subsequent
abscription, and yet dipeptides still occur in the bloodstream because
such dipeptides contain which amino acid?
A. Lysine
C. Proline
B. Leucine
D. Phenylalanine
6. An individual is diagnosed with a disorder affecting the intensial
transport of a specific amino acid, X. If X is an essential amino acid,
then tha patient will more likely to develop manifestations of X
deficiency if this is defective transporter specific for X is found where?
A. Apical membrane
C. either A or B
B. Basolateral membrane
D. neither A nor B
7. The donor of the 2nd Nitrogen of urea is:
A. Aspartame
B. Aspartate

C. Asparaginine
D. Arginine

8. Which amino acid serves as a source of ammonia for exerction by the

kidney?
A. Alanine
C. Glutamine
B. Valine
D. Serine
9. Which of the following amino acids do not participate in transamination
reactions?
A. Leucine
C. Tryptophan
B. Lysine
D. Tyrosine
10.
Which of the following amino acids is GLYCOGENIC?
A. Tryptophan
C. Tyrosine
B. Threonine
D. Lysine
11.
Protein turn-over occurs in all forms of life. This includes:
A. Asialoglycoprotein degradation by ubiquitin
B. Degradation of long-lived proteins in mitochondria
C. Degradation of regulatory proteins in with short half-lives in
mitochondria
D. Degradation of membrane-associated proteins by ATP-independent
processes
12.
Which of the following statements BEST described ubiquitin
A. Its amino terminal connects with the lysyl residues of the target
protein.
B. Its attachment to transmembrane proteins prolongs the half-life
of the target protein.
C. If the terminal end of the target protein has an arginine residue,
ubiquitination is accelerated.
D. If the terminal end of the target protein has an aspartate residue,
ubiquitination is retarded
13.
Which of the following best characterize protein .
A. principal protein source is the gut
B. excess amino acids are stored in the amino acid pool
C. excess amino acids are converted to amphibolic intermediates?
D. branched chain amino acids are .
14.
Half lives of proteins are reflective of their functions: which of
the following is true?
A. Proteins from food have long half lives
B. regulatory enzymes have long half lives
C. housekeeping enzymes have long half lives
D. proteins with PEST sequence are rapidly incorporated into .
15.
Only one of the following is true of the post-absorptive
A. the kidney is the site for nitrogen reabsorption
B. the liver extract 50% of branched-chain amino acid from the Gut
C. the muscle generates over 50% of the total pool of the amino acid
D. the brain extract 20% of branched-chain amino acids from the gut
16.
All the amino nitrogen from amino acids that undergo can be
concentrated in one particular amino acid because of this enzyme:
A. Glutaminase
C. Pyruvate aminotransferase

B. Glutamate dehydrogenase
D. Glutamate aminotransferase
17.
Ammonia intoxication is most severe when the metabolic block is
brought about by a mutation in:
A. Citrulline synthase
B. Arginosuccinate synthase
C. Ornithine 1 gene
D. Arginase
18.
Dietary treatment goals for erea cycle disorders include:
A. Minimizing urination
C. Provision of sufficient protein
B. Minimize homocitrullinuria
D. Provision of adequate ubiquitin
19.
Which of the following is appropriately paired with its amphibolic
catabolite that enters TCA?
A. Serine: Fumarate
B. Valine: Succinyl-CoA
C. Asparagine: Acetyl-CoA
D. Cystine: Alpha-ketogluterate
20.
Which statement is true of amino acid catabolism:
A. Threonine is both glycogenic & ketogenic
B. Proline has no associated catabolism impairment
C. Of all the amino acids, only isoleucine is ketogenic
D. Phenylalanine is the key gluconeogenic amino acid
21.
Which of the following disease entities is appropriately matched
with the enzymatic defect?
A. Tyrosinemia type 1: Fumaryl acetoacetate hydrolase
B. Tyrosinemia type 2: Phenylalanine hydroxylase
C. Tyrosinemia type 2: Tyrosine hydroxylase
D. Alkaptonuria: Homogentisate transaminase
22.
Alkaptonuria is characterized by darkening of urine upon
exposure to air. What is the reason for this?
A. Oxidation of Tyrosine
C. Reduction of Phenylalanine
B. Oxidation of homogentisate
D. Reduction of Fumarate
23.
Which of the following Phenylketonuria types match its defective
enzyme?
A. Type 1: Phenylalanine hydroxylase
B. Type 2: Phenylalanine hydroxylase
C. Type 3: Phenylalanine hydroxylase
D. Type 4: Dihydrobiopterine reductase
24.
Which of the following is true of Maple Syrup Urine Disease?
A. It is reflective of impaired intestinal & renal transport of Valine
B. Its name is reflective of maple syrup in the urine
C. There are decreased levels of valine in the urine
D. It is a branched chain ketonuria

25.
In the catabolism of amino acids, which of the following is
correct?
A. Glutamate V-semialdehyde dehydrogenase also participates in the
catabolism of Arginine, Proline & Valine
B. Following conversion to Glycine, Leucine catabolism merges with
that of glycine
C. Catabolism of Tyrosine starts with conversion to Phenylalanine
D. One of the catabolites of Methionine include Cystathione
26.
Which of the Maple Syrup Urine Disease is characterized by a
defect in the dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase component of the Aketoacid decarboxylase complex?
A. Type 1A
C. Type II
B. Type 1B
D. Type III
27.
Which of the following enzymes is needed in the synthesis of
proline from glutamate?
A. Lyase
C. Isomerase
B. Oxidoreductase
D. Ligase
28.
Which of the following amino acids is a member of the
glutamate family?
A. Cysteine
C. Serine
B. Arginine
D. Tyrosine
29.
Betaine, an organic osmolyte, is an intermediate in the formation
of:
A. Glycine to proline
C. Proline from glutamate
B. Glycine from choline
D. Serine from D-3
phosphoglycerate
30.
Synthesis of hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine requires which
enzyme?
A. Hydrolase
C. Lyase
B. Ligase
D. Oxidoreductase
31.
Growth and proliferation of individual cells in culture medium
often needs polyamines as growth factors. These substances are
derived from:
A. Cysteine
C. Methionine
B. Histidine
D. Tyrosine
32.
Melatonin is a derivative of which amino acid?
A. Tryptophan
C. Phenylalanine
B. Tyrosine
D. Methionine
33.
Coenzyme A is an important component in various metabolic
activities of the body. Which of the following amino acids is essential in
the formation of Coenzyme A?
A. Glycine
C. Arginine
B. Methionine
D. Histidine
34.
Which of the following amino acids can be used as a substrate
for the synthesis of glycine?
A. Asparagine
C. Proline

B. Glyoxylate
D. Alanine
35.
Which of the following amino acids is used to conjugate
metabolites and other pharmaceutical agents prior to their excretion?
A. Alanine
C. Serine
B. Glycine
D. Cysteine
36.
to
1.
2.
37.
1.
2.

Absence of a nutritionally essential amino acids result in failure

synthesize which amino acids?
Alanine
3. Glycine
Cysteine
4. Tyrosine
Biopterin is a co-enzyme in the synthesis of:
Glycine from serine
3. Serine from glycine
DOPA from tyrosine
4. Tyrosine from
phenylalanine
38.
Tetrahydrofolate is a co-enzyme in the synthesis of
1. Tyrosine
3. Cysteine
2. Glycine
4. Se.rine
39.
Which of the following associations is correctly paired?
1. Asparate: -ketoglutarate
3. Glutamate: oxaloacetate
2. Glyoxylate: gylcine
4. Pryuvate: alanine
40.
Formation of cysteine will need:
1. S-adenosylmethionine
3. NADPH
2. Serine
4. Methionine
41.
S-adenosylmethionine is an important co-enzyme in the
formation of
1. Tyrosine from phenylalanine
3. Glycine from serine
2. Spermine from histidine
4. Creatinine from glycine
42.
Formation of catecholamines from tyrosinein adrenal cells will
require:
1. S-adenosylmethionine
3. Glycine
2. Vitamin C
4. Histidine
43.
Which of the following amino acid/s can give rise to a
neurotransmitter?
1. Cysteine
3. Glycine
2. Arginine
4. Histidine
44.
Which of the following amino acids is essential in the formation
of creatine?
1. Glycine
3. Methionine
2. Arginine
4. Glutamate
45.
Which of these functions can be attributed to the metabolism of
N-methylglycine?
1. Source of 1-carbon units
3. Provides reducing
equivalents
2. Excretion of drug metabolites
4. Heme formation

46.
Amino acid derivatives necessary for muscle contraction and
chelation of copper include/s:
1. Carnosine
3. Anserine
2. Sarcosine
4. Ergothionine
47.
Chymotrypsin is responsible for the hydrolysis of which amino
acid/s?
1. Arginine
3. Alanine
2. Threonine
4. Tyrosine
48.
Which set/s contain/s amino acids absorbed by the same
transporter?
1. Aspartate, asparagine, glutamate, glutamine
2. Alanine, aspartate, arginine, asparagine
3. Phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine
4. Tryptophan, tyrosine, threonine
49.
The enzymatic colorimetric determination of uric acid is based on
a series of a chemical reactions. Which of these is/are product/s of the
reaction catalyzed by uricase?
1. H2O2
3. CO2
2. H2O
4. O2
50.
Which of these is/are correct in the laboratory exercise on uric
acid determination?
1. Mix 75 uL of sample with 3 mL of working reagent.
2. Incubate the solutions for 30 minutes at 37oC water bath
3. If skin contact with reagents happen, just wash immediately with
tap water.
4. Read the optical density of solutions using a spectrophotometer set
at 500 nm.