Figure 1111

(a) Graphical illustration of relay hysteresis. As current is increasing, the switching occurs
when the pull-in value is reached. As current is decreasing, the switching occurs when the dropout value is reached. (b) The essential p
parts of an electromagnet
g
relay.
y Hysteresis
y
is due to
the gap between the armature and the magnet core.

Timothy J. Maloney

Modern Industrial Electronics, Fourth

Edition

Copyright 2001 by Pearson

Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved

Figure 12
A relay logic circuit in which the relay coil is controlled by input devices, namely a limit switch and a pressure switch.

Timothy J. Maloney

Modern Industrial Electronics, Fourth

Edition

Copyright 2001 by Pearson

Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved

Figure 13
A relay logic circuit in which relay coils are controlled by the contacts of other relays.

Timothy J. Maloney

Modern Industrial Electronics, Fourth

Edition

Copyright 2001 by Pearson

Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved

Figure 14
(a) Physical layout of a conveyor/classifying system. (b) Top view of the diverting zone, showing the positions of the four diverting
gates and the four chute limit switches.

Timothy J. Maloney

Modern Industrial Electronics, Fourth

Edition

Copyright 2001 by Pearson

Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved

Figure 15
Control circuitry for the conveyor/classifying system, with the logic performed by magnetic relays.

Timothy J. Maloney

Modern Industrial Electronics, Fourth

Edition

Copyright 2001 by Pearson

Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved

Figure 16
(a) The AND logic function performed by relay circuitry and by solid-state circuitry. (b) The OR function performed by relay circuitry
and by solid-state circuitry.

Timothy J. Maloney

Modern Industrial Electronics, Fourth

Edition

Copyright 2001 by Pearson

Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved

Figure 17
Schematic symbols of the five basic logic gates. A NOT gate is often called an inverter.

Timothy J. Maloney

Modern Industrial Electronics, Fourth

Edition

Copyright 2001 by Pearson

Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved

Figure 18
Control circuitry for the conveyor/classifying system of Fig. 14, with the logic performed by solid-state logic gates.

Timothy J. Maloney

Modern Industrial Electronics, Fourth

Edition

Copyright 2001 by Pearson

Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved

Figure 113
Output amplifiers for amplifying low-power logic signals into high-power output signals.

Timothy J. Maloney

Modern Industrial Electronics, Fourth

Edition

Copyright 2001 by Pearson

Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved

Figure 114
(a) Output amplifier using a power transistor to control the current through the output device. (b) Output amplifier using a relay
contact to control the current through the output device.

Timothy J. Maloney

Modern Industrial Electronics, Fourth

Edition

Copyright 2001 by Pearson

Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved

Figure 114
(a) Output amplifier using a power transistor to control the current through the output device. (b) Output amplifier using a relay
contact to control the current through the output device.

Timothy J. Maloney

Modern Industrial Electronics, Fourth

Edition

Copyright 2001 by Pearson

Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved

Figure 219
(a) Simple relay circuit with a time-delay contact. (b) Motor power circuit associated with the relay control circuit in part (a).

Timothy J. Maloney

Modern Industrial Electronics, Fourth

Edition

Copyright 2001 by Pearson

Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved

Figure 220
(a) Physical layout of a wagon being filled from a hopper. (b) Simple relay control circuit, illustrating the use of a time-delay
contact to allow the powder to drain out of the supply tube into the wagon before the wagon is moved.

Timothy J. Maloney

Modern Industrial Electronics, Fourth

Edition

Copyright 2001 by Pearson

Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved