Ism T11 C05 D

344
Chapter 5 Integration
CHAPTER 5 PRACTICE EXERCISES

1. (a) Each time subinterval is of length ?t 0.4 sec. The distance traveled over each subinterval, using the
midpoint rule, is ?h "# avi vib1 b ?t, where vi is the velocity at the left endpoint and vib1 the velocity at
the right endpoint of the subinterval. We then add ?h to the height attained so far at the left endpoint vi to
arrive at the height associated with velocity vib1 at the right endpoint. Using this methodology we build
the following table based on the figure in the text:
t (sec) 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0 4.4 4.8 5.2 5.6
6.0
v (fps) 0 10 25 55 100 190 180 165 150 140 130 115 105 90
76
65
h (ft)
0 2
9
25 56 114 188 257 320 378 432 481 525 564 592 620.2
t (sec)
v (fps)
h (ft)
6.4
50
643.2
6.8
37
660.6
7.2
25
672
7.6
12
679.4
8.0
0
681.8
NOTE: Your table values may vary slightly from ours depending on the v-values you read from the graph.
Remember that some shifting of the graph occurs in the printing process.
The total height attained is about 680 ft.
(b) The graph is based on the table in part (a).
2. (a) Each time subinterval is of length ?t 1 sec. The distance traveled over each subinterval, using the
midpoint rule, is ?s "# avi vib1 b ?t, where vi is the velocity at the left, and vib1 the velocity at the
right, endpoint of the subinterval. We then add ?s to the distance attained so far at the left endpoint vi
to arrive at the distance associated with velocity vib1 at the right endpoint. Using this methodology we
build the table given below based on the figure in the text, obtaining approximately 26 m for the total
distance traveled:
t (sec)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
v (m/sec)
0
0.5
1.2
2
3.4
4.5
4.8
4.5
3.5
2
0
s (m)
0
0.25
1.1
2.7
5.4
9.35
14
18.65 22.65 25.4 26.4
(b) The graph shows the distance traveled by the

moving body as a function of time for
0 t 10.
3. (a)
(c)
10
k1
10
ak
4
"
4
10
! ak
k1
"
4
(2) #"
(b)
10
10
10
k1
k1
k1
10
10
10
k1
k1
k1
! (bk 3ak ) ! bk 3 ! ak 25 3(2) 31
! (ak bk 1) ! ak ! bk ! " 2 25 (1)(10) 13
k1
Chapter 5 Practice Exercises

10
10
k1
k1
! 5 bk !
#
(d)
20
5
#
10
! bk
k1
20
k1
20
(b)
k1
! "
#
(c)
k1
20
2bk
7
20
k1
20
"
#
20
! bk
2
7
k1
20
"
#
20
20
20
k1
k1
k1
! (ak bk ) ! ak ! bk 0 7 7
(20) 27 (7) 8
! aak 2b ! ak ! 2 0 2(20) 40
(d)
k1
k1
k1
"
#
5. Let u 2x 1 du 2 dx
5
'
(2x 1)"# dx
x ax# 1b
7. Let u
"$
'
dx
du dx; x 1 u 1, x 5 u 9
*
u"# "# du <u"# " 3 1 2
6. Let u x# 1 du 2x dx
'
(10) 25 0
! 3ak 3 ! ak 3(0) 0
4. (a)
'
5
#
"
#
du x dx; x 1 u 0, x 3 u 8
)
u"$ "# du < 38 u%$ !
3
8
(16 0) 6
2 du dx; x 1 u 1# , x 0 u 0
x
2
' cos x# dx ' (cos u)(2 du) [2 sin u]!1# 2 sin 0 2 sin 1# 2(0 (1)) 2
0
1 2
8. Let u sin x du cos x dx; x 0 u 0, x
'
12
(sin x)(cos x) dx
(e)
10. (a)
(c)
(e)
u du u2
!
u1
"
#
(c)
"
'c f(x) dx "3 'c 3 f(x) dx 3" (12) 4

(b) ' f(x) dx ' f(x) dx ' f(x) dx 6 4 2
c
c
c
' g(x) dx 'c g(x) dx 2
(d) ' (1 g(x)) dx 1 ' g(x) dx 1(2) 21
c
c
'c f(x) 5 g(x) dx 5" 'c f(x) dx 5" 'c g(x) dx 5" (6) 5" (2) 85
2
9. (a)
'
1
#
'
'
'
0
0
' 7 g(x) dx "7 (7) 1

f(x) dx ' f(x) dx 1
[g(x) 3 f(x)] dx ' g(x) dx 3'
g(x) dx
"
7
(b)
0
2
(d)
'
'
'
ax# 4x 3b dx
"
'
ax# 4x 3b dx
x3 2x# 3x x3 2x# 3x
!
$
"
"3 2(1)# 3(1) 0

$
33 2(3)# 3(3) 13 2(1)# 3(1)

"3 1 <0 3" 1
8
3
1
2
f(x) dx 1 31
11. x# 4x 3 0 (x 3)(x 1) 0 x 3 or x 1;
Area
g(x) dx
'
g(x) dx
2 f(x) dx 2
'
'
g(x) dx 1 2 1
f(x) dx 2 (1) 12
345
346
12. 1
x#
4
0 4 x# 0 x 2;
Area
'c 1 x4 dx '
2
x
#
x$
12 #
2$
12
2
x
1
x#
4
dx
$
x$
12 #
2
(2)$
12
< 43 43 34 43
3
3$
12
2$
12
2
13
4
13. 5 5x#$ 0 1 x#$ 0 x 1;

Area
'c 5 5x#$ dx '

1
5 5x#$ dx
"
)
<5x 3x&$ " <5x 3x&$ "
<5(1) 3(1)&$ 5(1) 3(1)&$
<5(8) 3(8)&$ 5(1) 3(1)&$

[2 (2)] [(40 96) 2] 62
14. 1 x 0 x 1;
Area
'
1 x dx
1 x dx
<x 23 x$# " <x 23 x$# %

!
"
<1 23 (1)$# 0 <4 23
"
<4 16
"
3
3 3 2
15. f(x) x, g(x)
'
'
x
"
x#
'
42
x
a 1, b 2 A
'
[f(x) g(x)] dx
dx x# x" 4# "# "# 1 1
16. f(x) x, g(x)

2
"
x# ,
(4)$# 1 23 (1)$#
"
"
x
"
x dx
, a 1, b 2 A
#
x# 2x
22 "# 2
'
[f(x) g(x)] dx
"
7 4 2
#
'
#
17. f(x) 1 x , g(x) 0, a 0, b 1 A
'
1 2x"# x dx x 43 x$#
#
"
x#
# !
x%
#
"
x(
7 !
1
"
#
"
7
9
14
1
18. f(x) a1 x$ b , g(x) 0, a 0, b 1 A

x
'
'
[f(x) g(x)] dx
4
3
"
#
"
6
1 x# dx
(6 8 3)
[f(x) g(x)] dx
'
'
1 2x x dx
"
6
a1 x$ b dx
'
a1 2x$ x' b dx

19. f(y) 2y# , g(y) 0, c 0, d 3
A
2
'
'
'
[f(y) g(y)] dy
y# dy
2
3
a2y# 0b dy
cy$ d ! 18
20. f(y) 4 y# , g(y) 0, c 2, d 2

A
'
#
y$
3 #
4y
'c a4 y# b dy
2
[f(y) g(y)] dy
2 8
8
3
32
3
y#
4
21. Let us find the intersection points:
y 2
4
y# y 2 0 (y 2)(y 1) 0 y 1
or y 2 c 1, d 2; f(y)
A
'
y 2
4
"
4
'c ay 2 y# b dy 4" y#
"
4
< 4# 4 83 "# 2 3"
y#
4
'c y4 2 y4 dy
[f(y) g(y)] dy
, g(y)
2y
9
8
y# 4
4
22. Let us find the intersection points:
#
y$
3 "
y 16
4
y# y 20 0 (y 5)(y 4) 0 y 4
or y 5 c 4, d 5; f(y)
A
'
[f(y) g(y)] dy
y 16
4
, g(y)
y# 4
4
'c y 416 y 4 4 dy
5
"
4
'c ay 20 y# b dy "4 y#
"
4
"
4
125
< 25
"#6 80 64
# 100 3
3
9
"
9
"
# 180 63 4 # 117 8 (9 234)
20y
23. f(x) x, g(x) sin x, a 0, b

A
'
[f(x) g(x)] dx
x# cos x
1%
!
31#
'
1
4
14
2
#
(x sin x) dx
1
24. f(x) 1, g(x) ksin xk , a 1# , b

A
'
[f(x) g(x)] dx
'c (1 sin x) dx '
1 2
12
'
12
1
2
'c a1 ksin xkb dx

1 2
1 2
(1 sin x) dx
1#
(1 sin x) dx 2[x cos x]!
2 1# 1 1 2
&
y$
3 %
243
8
347
348
25. a 0, b 1, f(x) g(x) 2 sin x sin 2x
'
(2 sin x sin 2x) dx <2 cos x
cos 2x 1
#
!
<2 (1) "# 2 1 "# 4
26. a 13 , b 13 , f(x) g(x) 8 cos x sec# x
'c a8 cos x sec# xb dx [8 sin x tan x]1$1$

1 3
A
8
1 3
3
#
3 8
3
#
3 63
27. f(y) y, g(y) 2 y, c 1, d 2
'
'
[f(y) g(y)] dy
'
<y (2 y) dy
y 2 y dy 23 y$# 2y
43 2 4 2 23 2 "#
4
3
#
y#
# "
2
7
6
8 2 7
6
28. f(y) 6 y, g(y) y# , c 1, d 2

A
'
6y
y#
#
4
7
3
[f(y) g(y)] dy

"
#
#
y$
3 "
'
a6 y y# b dy
12 2 83 6
24143
6
"
#
3"
13
6
29. f(x) x$ 3x# x# (x 3) f w (x) 3x# 6x 3x(x 2) f w

!
#
f(0) 0 is a maximum and f(2) 4 is a minimum. A
81
4 27
30. A
'
4
3
"#
a#
6
'
&$
A#
"
y#
# !
(6 8 3)
"
10
'
a#
6
y#$ y dy
; the area below the x-axis is
'c y#$ y dy 3y5

0
ax$ 3x# b dx x4 x$
a 2a x"# x dx ax 43 a x$#
31. The area above the x-axis is A"

3y5
$
!
27
4
a"# x"# # dx
a# 1
'
&$
the total area is A" A#

6
5
!
y#
# "
11
10
x#
# 0
a# 34 a aa
a#
#
'
32. A
14
'
312
514
(cos x sin x) dx
'
514
14
(sin x cos x) dx
1%
(cos x sin x) dx [sin x cos x]!

&1%
$1#
[ cos x sin x]1% [sin x cos x]&1%

2
#
2
#
(0 1)
(1 0)
33. y x#
34. y
'
'
"
1 t
2
#
dt
dy
dx
2
#
x0 y
'
2
#
2
#

8 2
#
2 42 2
"
x
d# y
dx#
2x
1 2sec t dt
2
#
2
"
x#
; y(1) 1
1 2sec x
dy
dx
d# y
dx#
1 2sec t dt 0 and x 0
dy
dx
36. y
'c 2 sin# t dt 2 so that dydx 2 sin# x; x 1
sin t
t
dt 3
dy
dx
;x5 y
sin x
x
sin t
t
"
t
dt 1 and yw (1) 2 1 3
1 2sec 0 3
'
'
2 "# (sec x)"# (sec x tan x) sec x (tan x);
35. y
'
2
#
dt 3 3
'cc 2 sin# t dt 2 2
1
37. Let u cos x du sin x dx du sin x dx
' 2(cos x)"# sin x dx ' 2u"# ( du) 2 ' u"# du 2 u
"#
"
#
C 4u"# C
4(cos x)"# C
38. Let u tan x du sec# x dx
' (tan x)$# sec# x dx ' u$# du u
"#
39. Let u 2) 1 du 2 d)
"
#
"
#
C 2u"# C
)# ) sin (2) 1) C, where C C"
'
41.
42.
"
#
"
2 ) 1
"
#
2 sec# (#) 1) d)
C
du d)
' [2) 1 2 cos (2) 1)] d) ' (u 2 cos u) "# du u4
40. Let u 2) 1 du 2 d)
2
(tan x)"#
"
4
sin u C"
(2)1)#
4
sin (2) 1) C"
is still an arbitrary constant
du d)
' "u 2 sec# u #" du #" ' u"# 2 sec# u du
"#
u " "# (2 tan u) C u"# tan u C (2) 1)"# tan (2) 1) C

#
' t 2t t 2t dt ' t# t4 dt ' at# 4t# b dt t3 4 t 1 C t3 4t C

$
"
t
' (t1)t 1 dt ' t t 2t dt ' t" t2 dt ' at# 2t$ b dt (t 1) 2 #
C "t t" C
#
"
43. Let u #t$# du $t dt "$ du t dt
' t sin #t$# dt "$ ' sin u du "$ cos u C "$ cos#t$# C
#
349
350
44. Let u " sec ) du sec ) tan) d)
' sec ) tan) " sec ) d) ' u"# du #$ u$# C
#$ a" sec )b$# C
'c a3x# 4x 7b dx cx$ 2x# 7xd "" c1$ 2(1)# 7(1)d c(1)$ 2(1)# 7(1)d 6 (10) 16
1
45.
46.
'
47.
'
48.
'
49.
'
"
a8s$ 12s# 5b ds c2s% 4s$ 5sd ! c2(1)% 4(1)$ 5(1)d 0 3
4
#
1 v
27
'
dv
4v# dv c4v" d " #4 14 2
#(
x%$ dx <3x"$ " 3(27)"$ 3(1)"$ 3 "3 3(1) 2
dt
1 tt
'
dt
t$#
'
50. Let x 1 u dx
'
1 u"#
u
du
'
2
4
t$# dt <2t"# "

"
#
u"# du 2 dx
du
u
(2)
1
; u 1 x 2, u 4 x 3
x"# (2 dx) <2 23 x$# #
4
3
3$# 43 2$# 43 83 2
4
3
33 22
51. Let u 2x 1 du 2 dx 18 du 36 dx; x 0 u 1, x 1 u 3
'
36 dx
$
0 (2x1)
'
#
< 9
9 9
18u$ du "8u
2 u # " 3 # 1 # 8
"
52. Let u 7 5r du 5 dr "5 du dr; r 0 u 7, r 1 u 2
'
dr
$
(7 5r)#
'
'
(7 5r)#$ dr
u#$ 5" du 5" <3u"$ (
53. Let u 1 x#$ du 23 x"$ dx 3# du x"$ dx; x

x 1 u 1 1#$ 0
'
18
x"$ 1 x#$
$#
'
dx
12
x$ a1 9x% b
" 25
18
16
"#
$#
dx
'
sin# 5r dr
56. Let u 4t
'
1%
1
8
1
4
$%
"
36
#$
3
4
!
&#
< 35 u&# $% 35 (0)&# 35 34
'
51
"
16
"
16
"
5
"#
#
1
8
' acos
1 4
"
u 1 9 #"
25
16
#&"'
" "#
< 18
u
"
du dr; r 0 u 0, r 1 u 51
du 4 dt
#&"'
"
#
"
90
asin# ub "5 du
314
du x$ dx; x 0 u 1, x
"
"
u$# 36
du 36
u "
"
18
(1)"#
cos# 4t 14 dt
2516
55. Let u 5r du 5 dr
'
u 1 8"
273
160
54. Let u 1 9x% du 36x$ dx
'
&#
u$# #3 du 32 u 5
34
"
8
$7 $2
3
5
"
4
"
5
< u2
sin 2u &1
4
!
1#
sin 101
#0
du dt; t 0 u 14 , t
ub "4 du
"
4
< u2
sin 2u $1%
4
1%
0
1
4
"
4
sin 0
20
u
381
1
#
31
4
sin 3#1
4" 18
sin 1#
'
1$
57.
'
314
58.
1$
sec# ) d) [tan )]!
14
31
1
3
tan 0 3
$1%
csc# x dx [cot x]1% cot
59. Let u
'
tan
cot#
"
6
du
x
6
dx
x
6
'
16
31
4
cot 14 2
dx 6 du dx; x 1 u 16 , x 31 u
12
351
'
6 cot# u du 6
12
1
#
1#
acsc# u 1b du [6(cot u u)]1' 6 cot
16
1
#
1# 6 cot
1
6
16
63 21
60. Let u
'
tan#
)
3
)
3
<3 tan
"
3
du
d)
1
3
'
d) 3 du d); ) 0 u 0, ) 1 u
)
3
sec#
1 d)
'
13
1
3
1$
3 asec# u 1b du [3 tan u 3u]!
3 13 (3 tan 0 0) 33 1
'c sec x tan x dx [sec x]

0
61.
62.
1 3
'
!
1$
314
sec 0 sec 13 1 2 1
$1%
31
4
csc z cot z dz [csc z]1% csc
14
csc 14 2 2 0
63. Let u sin x du cos x dx; x 0 u 0, x
'
12
'
5(sin x)$# cos x dx
1
#
u1
"
"
5u$# du <5 25 u&# ! <2u&# ! 2(1)&# 2(0)&# 2
64. Let u 1 x# du 2x dx du 2x dx; x 1 u 0, x 1 u 0
'c
1
1
'
2x sin a1 x# b dx
sin u du 0
"
3
65. Let u sin 3x du 3 cos 3x dx

1
'c
1 2
15 sin% 3x cos 3x dx
1 2
du cos 3x dx; x 1# u sin 3#1 1, x
1
#
&
&
' 15u% "3 du ' 5u% du cu& d "
" (1) (1) 2
1
66. Let u cos x# du "# sin x# dx 2 du sin x# dx; x 0 u cos 0# 1, x
'
"
#
213
cos% x# sin x# dx
'
12
$
u% (2 du) 2 u3
67. Let u 1 3 sin# x du 6 sin x cos x dx

u 1 3 sin#
'
12
3 sin x cos x
1 3 sin# x
1
#
dx
'
"
u
#" du
'
"
#
'
14
1
4
u 1 7 tan
sec# x
(1 7 tan x)#$
dx
'
1
4
8
"
#
"#
"
2
3
"# $ 32 (1)$
2
3
(8 1)
du 3 sin x cos x dx; x 0 u 1, x

"#
"
21
3
21
u cos #3
14
3
1
#
u"# du 2" u " <u"# " 4"# 1"# 1

"
7
68. Let u 1 7 tan x du 7 sec# x dx

x
u sin 3#1
du sec# x dx; x 0 u 1 7 tan 0 1,
8
"
u#$
7" du
'
"
7
"$
"
u#$ du 7" u " < 37 u"$ "
3
7
(8)"$ 37 (1)"$
3
7
352
69. Let u sec ) du sec ) tan ) d); ) 0 u sec 0 1, )
'
13
tan )
2 sec )
"
2
'
d)
"#
u "
"
'
13
13
sec ) tan )
sec ) tan )
d)
2 (sec ))$#
sec ) 2 sec )
0
#
2
2
2
2u 2(2) 2(1)
"
cos t
2 t
70. Let u sin t du cos t "# t"# dt

#
1
4
'
1 4
#
u sin
71. (a) av(f)
'
"
1 (1)
'c
"
k (k)
(b) av(f)
"
#k
"
12 u
1
1
'c
k
k
(2 du) 2
73. favw
'
"
2 u$#
du
"
2
'
2
u$# du
2 1
dt 2 du
cos t
t
dt; t
1#
36
u sin
1
6
"
#
"
"
"
#k
mx2 bx
"
mx2 bx
(2bk) b
"
30
1
3
u"# du <4u "# 41 4 #" 2 2 2

#
(mx b) dx
"
ba
12
"
#
(b) yav
'
(mx b) dx
' 3x dx "3 '

a " 0 ' ax dx "a '
72. (a) yav
'
u sec
dt
cos t
t sin t
1# 36
1
#
d)
1
3
3 x"# dx
a x"# dx
"
b a
axf w (x) dx
[f(x)]ab
"
b a
ck
m(1)
b(1)
m(1)
2 b(1) #
"
#
"
#k
"
#
(2b) b
m(k)
b(k)
m(k)
2 b(k) #
3
3
< 23 x$# $
!
3
3
< 23 (3)$# 23 (0)$#
3
3
23 2
a
a
< 23 x$# a
!
a
a
23 (a)$# 23 (0)$#
a
a
32 aa
[f(b) f(a)]
f(b) f(a)
ba
2
3
so the average value of f w over [a b] is the
slope of the secant line joining the points (a f(a)) and (b f(b)), which is the average rate of change of f over [a b].
74. Yes, because the average value of f on [a b] is
and the average value of the function is
"
#
'
"
ba
'
f(x) dx. If the length of the interval is 2, then b a 2
f(x) dx.
75. We want to evaluate

"
$'& !
'
$'&
f(x) dx
"
$'&
'
$'&
#1
$(sin $'& ax "!"b #&9dx
#1
Notice that the period of y sin $'&
ax "!"b is
length 365. Thus the value of
76.
"
'(&#!
'#
'(&
!
$(
$'&
'
$'&
"
'&& )#(a'(&b
#'a'(&b
#"!&
#1
$'&
")(a'(&b
$"!&
'
$'&
#1
sin $'&
ax "!"bdx
#&
$'&
'
$'&
dx
$'& and that we are integrating this function over an iterval of
#1
ax "!"bdx
sin $'&
a)#( "!& a#'T ")(T# bbdT

#
#1
$(
$'&
"
'&& )#(T
)#(a#!b
#&
$'&
#'T#
#"!&
#'a#!b
#"!&
'

$'&
dx is
")(T$
$"!&
")(a#!b
$"!&
$(
$'&
!
#&
$'&
$'& #&.
'(&
#!
"
'&& a$(#%%%
"'&%!b
&%$ the average value of Cv on [20, 675]. To find the temperature T at which Cv &%$, solve
&%$ )#( "!& a#'T ")(T# b for T. We obtain ")(T# #'T #)%!!! !
T
#' a#'b# %a")(ba#)%!!!b

#"#%**'
#' $(%
.
#a")(b
interval [20, 675], so T $*'(# C.

77.
dy
dx
# cos$ x
So T $)#)# or T $*'(#. Only T $*'(# lies in the

78.
dy
dx
# cos$ a(x# b
79.
dy
dx
d
dx
80.
dy
dx
d
dx
d
#
dx a(x b
"%x# cos$ a(x# b
' x $ ' t dt9 $'x

%
353
'sec# x t " " dt9 dxd '#sec x t " " dt9 sec "x " dxd asec xb sec" xsectan xx
#
81. Yes. The function f, being differentiable on [a b], is then continuous on [a b]. The Fundamental Theorem of
Calculus says that every continuous function on [a b] is the derivative of a function on [a b].
82. The second part of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus states that if F(x) is an antiderivative of f(x) on
[a b], then
'
'
f(x) dx F(b) F(a). In particular, if F(x) is an antiderivaitve of 1 x% on [0 1], then
1 x% dx F(1) F(0).
83. y
' x 1 t# dt ' x 1 t# dt
84. y
'
"
#
cos x 1 t
dt
'
cos x
"
1 t#
dt
dy
dx
d
dx
dy
dx
d
dx
' x 1 t# dt dxd ' x 1 t# dt 1 x#
'
cos x
"
d
dx
1 cos
(cos x) sin"# x ( sin x)
#x
"
1 t#
"
sin x
d
dt dx
'
cos x
"
1 t#
dt
csc x
85. We estimate the area A using midpoints of the vertical intervals, and we will estimate the width of the parking lot on each
interval by averaging the widths at top and bottom. This gives the estimate
A "& ! # $' $' # &% &% # &" &" #%*& %*&# &% &% #'%% '%% # '(& '(&# %#
A &*'" ft# . The cost is Area ($2.10/ft# ) a5961 ft# b a$2.10/ft# b $12,518.10 the job cannot be done for $11,000.
86. (a) Before the chute opens for A, a 32 ft/sec# . Since the helicopter is hovering, v! 0 ft/sec
v ' 32 dt 32t v! 32t. Then s! 6400 ft s ' 32t dt 16t# s! 16t# 6400.
At t 4 sec, s 16(4)# 6400 6144 ft when A's chute opens;
(b) For B, s! 7000 ft, v! 0, a 32 ft/sec# v ' 32 dt 32t v! 32t s ' 32t dt
16t# s! 16t# 7000. At t 13 sec, s 16(13)# 7000 4296 ft when B's chute opens;
(c) After the chutes open, v 16 ft/sec s ' 16 dt 16t s! . For A, s! 6144 ft and for B,
s! 4296 ft. Therefore, for A, s 16t 6144 and for B, s 16t 4296. When they hit the ground,
4296
s 0 for A, 0 16t 6144 t 6144
16 384 seconds, and for B, 0 16t 4296 t 16
268.5 seconds to hit the ground after the chutes open. Since B's chute opens 58 seconds after A's opens
B hits the ground first.
87. av(I)
"
30
"
30
'
30
(1200 40t) dt
"
30
$!
c1200t 20t# d!
"
30
ca(1200(30) 20(30)# b a1200(0) 20(0)# bd
(18,000) 600; Average Daily Holding Cost (600)($0.03) $18
88. av(I)
"
14
'
14
(600 600t) dt
"
14
"%
c600t 300t# d!
Holding Cost (4800)($0.04) $192
"
14
c600(14) 300(14)# 0d 4800; Average Daily
354
'
"
30
89. av(I)
30
"
30
450 t# dt
450t t6
(300)($0.02) $6
"
60
'
"
60
90. av(I)
60
4015
3
600(60)
(60)
$#
'
"
60
600 2015t dt
"
60
0
60
$!
!
"
30
30$
6
450(30)
0 300; Average Daily Holding Cost
600 2015 t"# dt
"
60
600t 2015 23 t$#
'!
!
36,000 320
15# 200; Average Daily Holding Cost
3
(200)($0.005) $1.00
CHAPTER 5 ADDITIONAL AND ADVANCED EXERCISES
'
1. (a) Yes, because
(b) No. For example,

4 2
3
'
'
"
7
f(x) dx
"
7
7f(x) dx
(7) 1
'
"
8x dx c4x# d ! 4, but
"
8x dx 22 x$#
4329
'c f(x) dx 4 3 7 2 'c g(x) dx
(c) False:
'
sin ax
a
sin ax
a
'
f(t) cos at dt
'
dx
cos ax
'
f(x) dx
'
f(t) cos at dt
sin ax
a
f(t) sin at dt
(f(x) cos ax) sin ax
cos ax
a
'
dx
'
f(t) sin at dt9
f(t) sin at dt
cos ax
a
(f(x) sin ax)
0
x
'
d
(sin ax) dx
a cos ax
'
f(t) sin at dt9 a sin ax
4. x
'
"
#
"
0 1 4t#
'
'
f(t) cos at dt
dt
"
14y#
a1 4y# b
'
d
dx
dy
dx
"#
(x)
dy
dx
'
d
dx
'
'
'
"
1 4t#
dy
4y dx
1 4y#
f(t) cos at dt a cos ax
'
f(t) sin at dt f(x).
f(t) cos at dt f(x)
f(t) sin at dt9 f(x). Note also that yw (0) y(0) 0.
dt
1 4y# . Then
(8y) dy
dx
f(t) sin at dt
f(t) cos at dt (cos ax)f(x) cos ax
f(t) sin at dt a sin ax
cos ax
a
f(t) sin at dt (sin ax)f(x) sin ax a sin ax
Therefore, yww a# y a cos ax

a# sinaax
"
a
f(t) cos at dt9 sin ax
cos ax
dy
dx
' f(t) cos at dt sin ax ' f(t) sin at dt. Next,

d y
' f(t) cos at dt (cos ax) dxd ' f(t) cos at dt9 a cos ax '
dx a sin ax
'c g(x) dx
' f(t) sin ax cos at dt "a ' f(t) cos ax sin at dt

cos ax '
' f(t) cos at dt9
f(t) sin at dt dy
a
dx cos ax
f(t) sin a(x t) dt

x
'c [f(x) g(x)] dx 0 'c [g(x) f(x)] dx 0.

' [g(x) f(x)] dx 0 which is a contradiction.
c
On the other hand, f(x) g(x) [g(x) f(x)] 0

"
a
1$# 0$#
(b) True:
4 2
3
' f(x) dx ' f(x) dx 3

'c [f(x) g(x)] dx 'c f(x) dx 'c g(x) dx 'c f(x) dx '
2. (a) True:
3. y
'
d
dy
d# y
dx#
4y 1 4y#
1 4y#
"
1 4t#
d
dx
1 4y#
4y. Thus
dt dy
dx from the chain rule
d# y
dx#
d
dy
1 4y# dy
dx
4y, and the constant of
Chapter 5 Additional and Advanced Exercises
355
proportionality is 4.
'
5. (a)
x#
f(t) dt x cos 1x
cos 1x 1x sin 1x
.
2x
f ax# b
'
(b)
f(x)
d
dx
t# dt t3
f(x)
"
3
'
x#
f(t) dt cos 1x 1x sin 1x f ax# b (2x) cos 1x 1x sin 1x
cos 21 21 sin 21
4
Thus, x 2 f(4)
"
3
(f(x))$
"
4
(f(x))$ x cos 1x (f(x))$ 3x cos 1x f(x) $3x cos 1x
f(4) $3(4) cos 41 $12

6.
'
f(x) dx
a#
#
a
#
f(a) Fw (a) a
7.
'
1
#
sin a
"
#
cos a. Let F(a)
sin a
a
#
1
#
cos a
f(x) dx b# 1 2 f(b)
d
db
'
f(t) dt f(a) Fw (a). Now F(a)
sin a f 1#
'
f(x) dx
"
#
side of the equation is:
d
dx
'
'
f(u) du
'
d
dx
d
dx
'
f(u)(x u) du
u f(u) du
'
' '
dy
dx
d
dx
'
"
#
1
#
sin
"#
'
d
dx
(2b)
f(t) dt du
f(u) x du
d
f(u) du x dx
'
'
cos
1
#
1
#
a
#
sin a
sin
1
#
f(x)
b
b# 1
1
#
1
#
cos a
"
#
1
#
"
#
x
x# 1
f(t) dt; the derivative of the right
u f(u) du
f(u) du xf(x)
'
f(u) du xf(x) xf(x)
f(u) du. Since each side has the same derivative, they differ by a constant, and since both sides equal 0
when x 0, the constant must be 0. Therefore,
9.
ab# 1b
d
dx
8. The derivative of the left side of the equation is:
1
#
1#
#
a#
#
' '
x
f(t) dt du
'
f(u)(x u) du.
3x# 2 y ' a3x# 2b dx x$ 2x C. Then (1 1) on the curve 1$ 2(1) C 1 C 4
y x$ 2x 4
10. The acceleration due to gravity downward is 32 ft/sec# v ' 32 dt 32t v! , where v! is the initial
velocity v 32t 32 s ' (32t 32) dt 16t# 32t C. If the release point, at t !, is s 0, then
C 0 s 16t# 32t. Then s 17 17 16t# 32t 16t# 32t 17 0. The discriminant of this
quadratic equation is 64 which says there is no real time when s 17 ft. You had better duck.
11.
'c f(x) dx 'c x#$ dx '
12.
4 dx
< 35 x&$ ! [4x]!$

)
0 35 (8)&$ (4(3)
36
5
0)
'c f(x) dx 'c x dx '

3
< 23 (x)$# % x3 4x
$
96
5
12
ax# 4b dx
$
!
<0 23 (4)$# 33 4(3) 0
16
3
3
7
3
356
13.
'
'
g(t) dt
t dt
"
'
sin 1t dt
t2 < 1" cos 1t "

!
"# 0 < 1" cos 21 1" cos 1

"
#
14.
'
2
1
h(z) dz
'
'
1 z dz
(7z 6)"$ dz
"
#
3
< 23 (1 z)$# ! < 14
(7z 6)#$ "
< 23 (1 1)$# 23 (1 0)$#
3
< 14
(7(2) 6)#$
6
3
55
7 14
42
3
14
(7(1) 6)#$
2
3
'c f(x) dx 'cc dx 'c a1 x# b dx '

2
15.
"
x$
3 "
[x]"
# x
1$
3
16.
23 4 2
2
3
'c h(r) dr 'c r dr '

2
r2
"
2
3
1
1
a1 r# b dr
"
ba
1$
3
'
7
6
'
f(x) dx
"
#0
'
f(x) dx
1# 0 2# 2 1# 1
'
20. f(x)
'
"
t
1/x
"
ba
sin x
" "
t 1 t#
"
sin x
'
' sin t# dt
22. f(x)
'
xb3
f(x) dx
"
x
"
30
'
"
#
'
x dx
'
(x 1) dx
"
#
"
x2 #" x2 x
!
#
"
"
#
f(x) dx
"
3
'
dx
d "
dx
"" dx
x
x
"
x
dx
'
0 dx
x x"#
"
x
'
dx
"
x
"
3
[1 0 0 3 2]
2
3
2
x
"
d
"
d
dx
dx
dt f w (x) 1 sin
(sin x) 1 cos
(cos x)
#x
#x
21. g(y)
dt f w (x)
cos x
"
cos x
dr
0 a2 1b
18. Ave. value
13
3
"
19. f(x)
2(2) 2(1)
(1)#
#
17. Ave. value

"
#
(1)$
3
1
r r3 [r]#"
"#
0
2 dx
[2x]#"
a1 (2)b 1
1
cos x
cos# x
sin x
sin# x
d
d
y
gw (y) sin 2y dy
2y sin y dy
sin 4y
y
sin y
2 y
t(5 t) dt f w (x) (x 3)(& (x 3)) dx

(x 3) x(5 x) dx
dx (x 3)(2 x) x(5 x)
6 x x# 5x x# 6 6x. Thus f w (x) 0 6 6x 0 x 1. Also, f ww (x) 6 ! x 1 gives a

maximum.
23. Let f(x) x& on [0 1]. Partition [0 1] into n subintervals with ?x
10
n
"n . Then "n , n2 , ,
n
n
&
are the
right-hand endpoints of the subintervals. Since f is increasing on [0 1], U ! nj "n is the upper sum for
j 1
&
! j "
f(x) x& on [0 1] n lim
n
n
_
j1
'
'
"
x& dx x6
!
&
lim " n"
n_ n
n2 &
&
nn n lim
1
_
&
2& n&
n'
"
6
24. Let f(x) x$ on [0 1]. Partition [0 1] into n subintervals with ?x
10
n
"n . Then "n , n2 , ,
n
n
are the
right-hand endpoints of the subintervals. Since f is increasing on [0 1], U ! nj "n is the upper sum for
j 1
! j " lim
f(x) x$ on [0 1] n lim
n
n
_
n_
j1
'
"
x$ dx x4
!
"
n
$
$
$
n" n2 nn n lim
1
_
2$ n$
n%
"
4
25. Let y f(x) on [0 1]. Partition [0 1] into n subintervals with ?x
10
n
"n . Then "n , 2n , ,
n
n
are the
right-hand endpoints of the subintervals. Since f is continuous on [! 1], ! f nj "n is a Riemann sum of
j 1
! f j " lim
y f(x) on [0 1] n lim
n
n
_
n_
j1
"
n
'
"
26. (a) n lim
[2 4 6 2n] n lim
_ n#
_
on [0 1] (see Exercise 25)
"
n
< n2
"
(b) n lim
c1"& 2"& n"& d n lim
_ n"'
_
"&
f(x) x on [0 1] (see Exercise 25)
"
n
"&
"&
"&
1n 2n nn
'
'
<f n" f n2 f nn
4
n
6
n

2n
n
f(x) dx
"
2x dx cx# d! 1, where f(x) 2x
'
"'
"
"
16 ,
x"& dx x16
!
where
"
" <
(c) n lim
sin 1n sin 2n1 sin nn1
sin n1 dx < 1" cos 1x ! 1" cos 1 1" cos 0
_ n
0
12 , where f(x) sin 1x on [0 1] (see Exercise 25)
"
(d) n lim
c1"& 2"& n"& d n lim
_ n"(
_
"
0 16 0 (see part (b) above)

"
n"&
(e) n lim
_
c1"& 2"& n"& d n lim

_
n lim
n n lim
_
_
"
n"'
"
"
n n lim
_ n"'
n
n"'
c1"& 2"& n"& d n lim

_
"
n
'
x"& dx
c1"& 2"& n"& d
c1"& 2"& n"& d n lim

n
_
'
x"& dx _ (see part (b) above)
27. (a) Let the polygon be inscribed in a circle of radius r. If we draw a radius from the center of the circle (and
the polygon) to each vertex of the polygon, we have n isosceles triangles formed (the equal sides are equal
to r, the radius of the circle) and a vertex angle of )n where )n 2n1 . The area of each triangle is
An
" #
# r
sin )n the area of the polygon is A nAn
(b) n lim
A n lim
_
_
nr#
#
sin
21
n
n lim
_
n1r#
21
sin
21
n
nr#
#
nr#
21
# sin n .
sin 2n1
#
2n1 a1r b
sin )n
n lim
a1 r # b
_
lim
2 1 n 0
sin 2n1
2n1
1 r#
'x cos 2t dt " sin x ' x cos 2t dt " yw cos x cosa2xb; when x 1 we have
1
yw cos 1 cosa21b " " #. And yww sin x 2sina2xb; when x 1, y sin 1 ' cos 2t dt "
x
28. y sin x
! ! " ".
357
358
'
ga$b '
29. (a) ga"b

(b)
(c) ga"b
fatb dt !
fatb dt "# a#ba"b "
' fatb dt ' fatb dt "% a1 ## b 1

1
(d) gw axb faxb ! x $, ", $ and the sign chart for gw axb faxb is
relative maximum at x ".
(e) gw a"b fa"b # is the slope and ga"b
. So g has a

3
1
3
' fatb dt 1, by (c). Thus the equation is y 1 #ax "b

1
y #x # 1 .
(f) gww axb f w axb ! at x " and gww axb f w axb is negative on a$ "b and positive on a" "b so there is an
inflection point for g at x ". We notice that gww axb f w axb ! for x on a" #b and gww axb f w axb ! for x on
a# %b, even though gww a#b does not exist, g has a tangent line at x #, so there is an inflection point at x #.
(g) g is continuous on $ % and so it attains its absolute maximum and minimum values on this interval. We saw in (d)
that gw axb ! x $, ", $. We have that
ga$b
' $ fatb dt '$" fatb dt 1##

1
#1
' fatb dt !
$
ga$b ' fatb dt "
%
ga%b ' fatb dt " "# " " "#
ga"b
Thus, the absolute minimum is #1 and the absolute maximum is !. Thus, the range is #1 !.

NOTES:
359
360
NOTES:

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344

CHAPTER 5 PRACTICE EXERCISES

(b) The graph shows the distance traveled by the

! (bk 3ak ) ! bk 3 ! ak 25 3(2) 31

! (ak bk 1) ! ak ! bk ! " 2 25 (1)(10) 13

Chapter 5 Practice Exercises

! aak 2b ! ak ! 2 0 2(20) 40

u"# "# du <u"# " 3 1 2

u"$ "# du < 38 u%$ !

8. Let u sin x du cos x dx; x 0 u 0, x

'c f(x) dx "3 'c 3 f(x) dx 3" (12) 4

' 7 g(x) dx "7 (7) 1

"3 2(1)# 3(1) 0

33 2(3)# 3(3) 13 2(1)# 3(1)

13. 5 5x#$ 0 1 x#$ 0 x 1;

'c 5 5x#$ dx '

<5(8) 3(8)&$ 5(1) 3(1)&$

<x 23 x$# " <x 23 x$# %

15. f(x) x, g(x)

dx x# x" 4# "# "# 1 1

16. f(x) x, g(x)

18. f(x) a1 x$ b , g(x) 0, a 0, b 1 A

Chapter 5 Practice Exercises

20. f(y) 4 y# , g(y) 0, c 2, d 2

21. Let us find the intersection points:

< 4# 4 83 "# 2 3"

22. Let us find the intersection points:

23. f(x) x, g(x) sin x, a 0, b

24. f(x) 1, g(x) ksin xk , a 1# , b

'c (1 sin x) dx '

'c a1 ksin xkb dx

(1 sin x) dx 2[x cos x]!

25. a 0, b 1, f(x) g(x) 2 sin x sin 2x

(2 sin x sin 2x) dx <2 cos x

<2 (1) "# 2 1 "# 4

26. a 13 , b 13 , f(x) g(x) 8 cos x sec# x

'c a8 cos x sec# xb dx [8 sin x tan x]1$1$

27. f(y) y, g(y) 2 y, c 1, d 2

28. f(y) 6 y, g(y) y# , c 1, d 2

29. f(x) x$ 3x# x# (x 3) f w (x) 3x# 6x 3x(x 2) f w

; the area below the x-axis is

'c y#$ y dy 3y5

31. The area above the x-axis is A"

the total area is A" A#

Chapter 5 Practice Exercises

(cos x sin x) dx [sin x cos x]!

[ cos x sin x]1% [sin x cos x]&1%

'c 2 sin# t dt 2 so that dydx 2 sin# x; x 1

2 "# (sec x)"# (sec x tan x) sec x (tan x);

37. Let u cos x du sin x dx du sin x dx

' 2(cos x)"# sin x dx ' 2u"# ( du) 2 ' u"# du 2 u

' (tan x)$# sec# x dx ' u$# du u

)# ) sin (2) 1) C, where C C"

' [2) 1 2 cos (2) 1)] d) ' (u 2 cos u) "# du u4

sin (2) 1) C"

is still an arbitrary constant

' "u 2 sec# u #" du #" ' u"# 2 sec# u du

u " "# (2 tan u) C u"# tan u C (2) 1)"# tan (2) 1) C

' t 2t t 2t dt ' t# t4 dt ' at# 4t# b dt t3 4 t 1 C t3 4t C

43. Let u #t$# du $t dt "$ du t dt

44. Let u " sec ) du sec ) tan) d)

' sec ) tan) " sec ) d) ' u"# du #$ u$# C

#$ a" sec )b$# C

So T $)#)# or T $'(#. Only T $'(# lies in the

' x $ ' t dt9 $'x

'c f(x) dx 4 3 7 2 'c g(x) dx